上海市格致中学2018-2019学年高一第一学期期中英语试题

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上海市格致中学2018-2019学年高一第一学期期中英语试题

试卷副标题

注意事项：

1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上

第I 卷（选择题)

请点击修改第I 卷的文字说明 一、单项选择

1．Understanding the cultural habits of another nation, especially containing as many different subcultures as the United States, is a complex task. A ．one B ．the one C ．that

D ．those

2．Because he could not find the right theme , his explanation was vague and uncovering.

A ．which to center his thought around

B ．around which his thoughts to center

C ．on which to center his thoughts

D ．which he centers his thoughts on

3．I will be surprised if you can get Calvin, who is a close-fisted man, these donation draw tickets from you. A ．buy B ．buying C ．buys

D ．to buy

4．The architects of the temples of ancient Rome and Greece worked anonymously(匿名的), the builders of the medieval cathedrals in Europe. A ．as did B ．as have C ．as if

D ．as

5．The Qingming Festival, now a national holiday, allows more people to pay their respects to dead relatives on would otherwise be a workday like Friday. A ．where

B ．that

C ．when

D ．what

6．In the United States and some other countries, it is the driver’s responsibility to make sure that children under fourteen do not ride in the front seat they are wearing a seat belt of some kind. A ．while B ．even C ．until D ．unless

二、完形填空

A recent survey in the United States showed that the average family spent more money on its pets than on its children. Although rather shocking, it should not 7 anyone who has seen the doggy parlors(客厅)where loved pets rest. It is possible that: Americans are unique in treating their little friends in this way, but the information we have suggests that the English, too, are 8 to their pets.

This can clearly be seen when we look at pet foods, which often contain more vitamins than human food or at least, are 9 less nutrition. They certainly cost much. Last year the British public spent two hundred million pounds on pet food alone, 10 veterinary(兽医的)bills or animal furniture. It is difficult not to feel 11 with this when considering what the same amount could do for victims of starvation and poverty, so it is 12 for me to get hot under collar when I read an old man left all his money to his dog instead of his children.

There are a variety of reasons why I find the popularity of British pets 13 . They cause physical problems. An example of this is New York where they have great difficulty getting rid of the mess that dogs leave on the streets. Many people find this funny, but in a number of large cities it is a major problem. Animals can cause disease, too. It is the threat of rabies —a disease with no known cure —that has made the English government impose strict 14 on animals coming into the United Kingdom. When the Spanish government recently 15 a number of stray dogs as protection against the same threat, English tourists immediately wrote letters to the newspapers 16 about 'mass murder'.

Another problem is the 17 of pet owners. Most little children want a dog or a cat, and they continually push their mothers and fathers until they get one. It is only when the "sweet little thing" has been brought home that the parents realize how much time and money must be spent on "Rover" or "Bonzo". Then they just 18 it. This brings me to my last

point. Pets, which run free, are often not 19 at all. English farmers lose hundreds of sheep a year, killed by someone's pet and you must have read of children being hurt by some pets of their own.

20 , I would only suggest that we have got our 21 wrong and that something should be done about it. In my view, it's time we stopped being sentimental about pets. 7．A ．alert B ．surprise C ．disappoint D ．interest 8．A ．kind B ．polite C ．subject D ．available 9．A ．seldom B ．far C ．frequently D ．totally 10．A ．in spite of B ．regardless of C ．not to mention D ．rather than 11．A ．delighted B ．patient C ．mention D ．unsatisfied 12．A ．usual B ．natural C ．concerned D ．essential 13．A ．inevitable B ．understandable C ．ridiculous D ．common 14．A ．orders B ．punishments C ．unacceptable D ．restriction 15．A ．cured B ．destroyed C ．treatments D ．drove 16．A ．inquiring

B ．caring

C ．enclosed

D ．complaining 17．A ．thoughtlessness B ．hesitation

C ．worrying

D ．kindness 18．A ．isolate B ．scold C ．abandon D ．bind 19．A ．funny

B ．sweet

C ．desert

D ．loving 20．A ．Nevertheless B ．Moreover C ．Therefore D ．Meanwhile 21．A ．mind B ．behavior

C ．love

D ．priority

三、阅读理解

18-year-old Kayla Perkins explains what is in her bedroom, “I throw something on the floor and I know right where it is.” However, her parents, Steve and Deborah Perkins, of McKinney, Texas, haven’t caught on. Even Kayla admits that, at the worst, her room is a mess.

Most families at some point have at least one child whose room looks like a landfill(垃圾堆). The mess can disturb the whole household. Dirty clothes pile up; dirty dishes get lost in the mess and smell bad; homework is lost; and valuable things are ruined.

Some parents let it go, believing that a bedroom is private space for children to manage as

don’t. What doesn’t work, parenting experts say, is constant lectures, verbal(口头的,言语的) threats or getting very angry. Mr s. Perkins says they picked up all the clothes on Kayla’s floor and hid them. They cleaned everything up. When Kayla came back to a bare bedroom, there was screaming and shouting, “How can I live without my clothes?” Mrs. Perkins asked Kayla to earn her clothes back by doing housework. These days, she keeps her room clean.

Humour can help, too. For example, since Jessica, the 14-year-old daughter wasn’t bothered by the dirty clothes all over her floor, the whole family started using her room as a place to store dirty clothes. Her attitude changed after her family did that. By the time she gave in and cleaned up her room a few days later, even she was laughing.

Parenting expert, Jim Fay, also recommends that parents first ask children in a nice way to clean up and agree on a reasonable time limit. Children often behave better if you treat them in the way you would want to be treated by your boss at work---with respect and high expectations.

22．What is the best title of the passage?

A．How to Make Children Clean up Their Bedrooms.

B．Ways to Correct Children’s Bad Habits.

C．Encourage Children to Share More Housework.

D．Tips on Cleaning up the Room.

23．Which of the following is true about Kayla?

A．She often spends a lot of time looking for her clothes and books.

B．She was grateful to her parents for cleaning up her room.

C．She admitted her room sometimes was not tidy and needed cleaning.

D．She was crazy when the whole family’s dirty clothes were in her room. 24．According to the experts, when children’s room looks like a landfill, parents at first should __________.

A．let children have their own private space

B．lecture their children and give verbal threats

C．set an example and offer rewards for cleaning

D．ask them in a nice way and set a reasonable time limit

25．What can we conclude from the passage?

A．Playing hide-and-seek can help children change their attitude.

C．Children often behave better if parents treat them like bosses.

D．Most children feel uncomfortable when their rooms are too clean.

You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or creator. When you choose to be a victim, the world is a cold and difficult place. "They" did things to you which caused all of your pain and suffering. "They" are wrong and bad, and life is terrible as long as "they" are around. Or you may blame yourself for all your problems, thus internalizing(内化)your victimization. The truth is, your life is likely to stay that way as long as you feel a need to blame yourself or others.

Those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently. They know there are individuals who might like to control their lives, but they don't let this get in the way. They know they have their weaknesses, yet they don't blame themselves when they fail. Whatever happens, they have choice in the matter. They believe their dance with each sacred(神圣

的)moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth.

Victims and creators live in the same physical world and deal with many of the same physical realities, yet their experience of life is worlds apart. Victims relish(沉溺)in anger, guilt, and other emotions that cause others---and even themselves---to feel like victims, too. Creators consciously choose love, inspiration, and other qualities which inspire not only themselves, but all around them. Both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives.

In reality, all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives. One person, on losing a job or a special relationship, may feel as if it is the end of the world and sink into terrible suffering for months, years, or even a lifetime. Another with the same experience may choose to first experience the grief, then accept the loss and soon move on to be a powerful creative force in his life.

In every moment and every circumstance, you can choose to have fuller, richer life by setting a clear intention to transform the victim within, and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are.

26．According to Paragraph 2, creators_________.

A．seem willing to experience failures in life B．possess the ability to predict future life

C．handle ups and downs of life wisely D．have potential to create something new

27．What can we learn from Paragraph 3?

A．Creators and victims face quite different things in life.

B．Creators and victims are masters of their lives.

C．Victims can influence more people than creators.

D．Compared with victims, creators are more emotional.

28．The examples mentioned in Paragraph 4 show that_________.

A．strong attachment to sufferings in life pulls people into victims.

B．people need family support to deal with challengers in life.

C．it takes creators quite a long time to get rid of their pains.

D．one's experiences determine his attitude toward life.

29．What is the author's purpose in writing this passage?

A．To define victims and creators.

B．To evaluate victims against creators.

C．To explain the relationship between victims and creators.

D．To suggest the transformation from victims to creators.

America’s businesses are getting older and fatter, while many new businesses are dying in infancy.

A study last month by the Brookings Institution found that the proportion of older firms has grown steadily over several decades, while the survival rate of new companies has fallen. In addition, young people are starting companies at a sharply lower rate than in the past.

A new report from the National Association of Manufacturers shows a major cause: The cost of obeying government regulations has risen to more than $2 trillion (12.26 trillion yuan) annually, or 12 percent of the GDP, and this cost falls disproportionately on smaller, newer businesses.

I t’s risky, difficult and expensive to start a business, and getting more so. Governments are imposing various new rules on a seemingly daily basis: health insurance, minimum wage increases and, most recently in California, compulsory paid sick days for even hourly employees. These regulations shift huge social welfare costs directly onto often-struggling small businesses, while being proportionally much less costly for larger companies.

This is partly an unintended issue of resources---established companies can cope with new

costs more easily---but it’s also deliberate. For instance, big insurance companies got a seat at

the table to help write Obama care, but less politically powerful firms---like medical device manufacturers---got squeezed.

Mature, successful corporations can employ ex-lawmakers with connections, distribute campaign contributions and even write regulations for themselves. They are also more likely to want to protect steady revenue streams than revolutionize their industry.

Major companies that have been so ill-managed they would otherwise collapse---airlines, car companies and banks---stagger(蹒跚)on because politicians ride to the rescue with bags of taxpayer money.

The genius of our unique system of government is the determination to protect and defend the rights of the individual over the rights of the nation. As such, the rise of a well-connected oligarchy(寡头政治)that protects big business at the expense of small business, and the established over the new, is opposite to American ideals.

Income inequality—which is directly caused by faulty government policy---is being promoted as the reason to impose more of that bad policy. But let’s be perfectly clear, we do not have a free market but one where government picks winners and losers through regulations and financial aids.

Politics is, and always has been, about balancing competing interests seeking to benefit themselves, and that’s as it should be, but the force of government should never be used to reduce competition, kill innovation or support and extend artificial monopolies(垄断)by harming the consumer, the taxpayer and the economy. Policy must breed our new and small businesses or see the as-yet undreamed of innovations that could be our bright future die in infancy.

30．We can learn from the passage that___________.

A．over several decades, new companies have grown steadily.

B．mature, successful corporations prefer to maintain their stable incomes.

C．less politically powerful firms also have their voice in making regulations.

D．The cost of obeying government regulations falls equally on all businesses.

31．We can infer from the last three paragraphs that__________.

A．the state economy may depend on those innovative businesses.

B．the rise of a well-connected oligarchy is contrary to American ideals.

C．income inequality is what the government should take action to resolve.

32．It can be concluded from the passage that___________. A ．big insurance companies have better relationship with Obama. B ．most of the ex-lawmakers work in mature, successful corporations. C ．larger and older firms have a command of resources of various aspects. D ．politicians like providing financial aids to the companies of worse operation. 33．As to the development of smaller businesses, the writer is___________. A ．contented. B ．confident. C ．convinced. D ．concerned.

四、六选四

Choosing the right job is probably one of the most important decisions we have to make in life, and it is frequently one of the hardest decisions we have to make. One important question that you might ask yourself is: “How do I get a good job?”34．.

There are people who can answer an insignificant advertisement in the local paper and land the best job in the world; others write to all sorts of places all over the country, and never seem to get a reply at all. Still others believe that the in person, door-to-door approach is by far the best way to get a job; and then there are those who, through no active decision of their own, just seem to be in the right place at the right time. 35．. He used to spend a lot of his free time down by the sea watching the tall ships, but never thinking that he might one day sail one of them. His father was a farmer, and being a sailor could never be anything for the boy but an idle dream. One day, on his usual wandering, he heard the captain of the ship complaining that he could not sail because one member of his crew was sick. Without stopping to think, the lad(少年) offered to take his place. 36．.

37．. If the lad had gone home to ponder(考虑)his decision for a week, he may have missed his chance. It is one thing to be offered an opportunity; it is another thing to take it and use it well.

Sometimes we hear stories about people who break all the rules and still seem to land plum jobs(美差). When you go for a job interview or fill out an application, you are expected to say nice things about the company to which you are applying. But there was one person who landed an excellent job by tellin g the interviewer all the company’s faults. And within a year

A．This story also illustrates the importance of seizing an opportunity when it presents itself. B．People find jobs in an infinite number of ways.

C．it’s almost impossible to find a good job by answering advertisement in newspapers D．Take for example the young man who wanted to be a sailor.

E. It is very important to seize an opportunity when it presents itself.

F. He spent the rest of his life happily sailing the ships he had always loved.

第II卷（非选择题)

请点击修改第II卷的文字说明

五、语法填空

Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

"How should a Nobel laureate dress?" asked Kazuo Ishiguro, who, 40 minutes earlier, had found out he 38．(award) the Nobel Prize for Literature.

To say the news was unexpected is an understatement. He literally couldn't believe it. Until that was, his phone began to ring constantly, an orderly queue of TV crews started to form outside his front door ("how do they all know where I live?"), and his publishers dispatched a top team to his house as back-up.

This was not fake news. This was delightful, surprising news. Maybe there were others who 39．(win) instead, he wondered. "But that is the nature of prizes. They are a lottery." 40．chaos reigned around him, he was calm, assured and thoughtful, talking (after nipping upstairs to fetch a smart jacket for our interview) about his belief in the power of stories and 41．those that he wrote would often explore wasted lives and opportunities.

"I've always had a faith that it should be possible, if you tell stories in a certain way, to transcend barriers of race, class and ethnicity."

For me, he is one of the great living writers working in any language. All writers can tell stories. Ishiguro tells stories on 42．level.

He places the reader in some sort of alternative reality - which might be the future, it might be the present, it might be the past. They feel like places that are whole and real, 43．you don't know them.

They're weird and not necessarily happy places. But they're places that you can inhabit and relate to, and you become deeply involved with the characters. That's the writer's job---he just does it better than most.

六、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文

……………………Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Now, let me say a few words to our American friends. Climate change is one of the major44．of our time. It is already changing our daily lives but it is global. Everyone is impacted. And if we do nothing, our children will know a world of migrations, of wars, of shortage. A dangerous world. It is not the future we want for ourselves. It is not the future we want for our children. It is not the future we want for our world.

Today, the President of the United States, Donald Trump, announced his decision to45．the United States from the Paris Agreement. I do respect his decision, but I do think it is an actual mistake both for the US and for our planet.

I just said it to President Trump, in a few words a few minutes ago this46．. Tonight, I wish to tell the United States: France believes in you. The world believes in you. I know that you are a great nation. I know your history, our common history.

To all the scientists, engineers, entrepreneurs, and responsible citizens who were disappointed by the decision of the president of the United States, I want to say they will find in France a second homeland. I call on them---come and work here with us, to work together on47．solutions for our climate, our environment. I can assure you: France will not give up the fight.

I reaffirm clearly that Paris agreement will remain irreversible and will be48．not just by France, but by all the other nations. Over the coming hours, I will have the opportunity to speak with our main partners to define a common strategy and to launch new49．. I already know that I can count on them.

I call on you to remain confidence. We will succeed, because we are50．, because wherever we live, whoever we are, we all share the same responsibility to make our planet great again. 七、选用适当的单词或短语补全句子

…

…

○

…

…

…

…

○

…

…

51．I would_____________recommend him for the job, because his qualification is so

satisfactory.

52．Thanks to the________________at which he stood, he could just see the sunset.

53．The database allows you________________the sales figures in a number of ways.

54．Would you________________some of your salary for more holiday time?

55．People gain valuable work experience and, ________________, employers can afford to

employ them.

56．Although the area has certainly improved, much_______________to be accomplished.

八、汉译英

Translation

57．虽说屡屡采取措施，但绝大多数人仍然觉得难以承担目前的高房价。(though)

___________________, the vast majority of the people still feel it difficult to afford the current

high housing prices.

58．新的高考改革能否减轻学生学业负担引起了教育专家们的热议。(whether)

It has aroused a heated discussion among education experts____________________________.

59．只有在经历了这次难忘的旅行后，他才意识到能给别人带来幸福的人是世界上最幸

福的人。(those who)

Only after he experienced the unforgettable trip did he realize

that_____________________________.

60．你是不是就在这家新开的饭店里看见了John抢劫一个学生手机？(it强调句)

_________________________________________________________________________.

61．总所周知，保持头发健康的关键在于均衡的饮食和充分的锻炼。(As)

_________________________________________________________________________.

62．对于从事体力劳动且收入较高的人没有必要放弃较高的薪水以换取做白领工人的殊

荣。(need)

_________________________________________________________________________.

参考答案

1．A

【解析】

【详解】

考查代词。句意：了解另一个国家的文化习惯是一项复杂的任务，尤其是像美国这样包含许多不同亚文化的国家。one 可指代前面已经出现过的同种类的可数名词，在此处作可数名词nation 的同位语，表示泛指，因此不用定冠词the，可排除B，that 指代过去的或远处的某一事物，也可用来指代同类不同物或不可数名词，可排除C，those 后修饰名词复数，因此排除D。故正确答案为A。

2．C

【解析】

【详解】

考查定语从句。句意：因为他不能找到正确主题的中心思想，所以他的解释是模糊而不全的。which 引导先行词为theme 的定语从句，center on 为固定搭配，意为“集中在……；以……为中心”，关系代词which 在定语从句中作介词的宾语，因此介词on 需前置。故选C。3．D

【解析】

【详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你能让加尔文，一个吝啬的男人，从你那里买这些捐款票，我会很惊讶。经过分析得知，句子谓语是get，固定结构get sb. to do sth. “让某人做某事”，因此选用动词的不定式。故选D。

4．A

【解析】

【详解】

考查倒装句。句意：古罗马和古希腊庙宇的建筑师们匿名工作，在欧洲，中世纪的大教堂的建造者也是那样。as 引导的倒装句，主要用于正式文体，在意思上跟so 基本相同。但是，在这个句子中，as 实际是从属连词，引导方式状语从句，所以缩略形式采用了倒装语序，前面句子的谓语是worked，所以用助动词did 代替。故选A。

【点睛】

as的用法很多，常见用法如下：

1. as可以作副词，连词，也可以引导时间状语从句

例如：He looked behind from time to time as he went forward.当他朝前走时，不时地向后看。

2. as可以引导原因状语从句

例如：As she has been ill perhaps she'll need some help.她由于生病可能需要些帮助。

3. as引导让步状语从句

例如：Angry as he was, he managed to speak calmly.虽然他很生气，但是他讲话很平静。二、需要注意的是：

当as作“虽然”解，引导让步状语从句时，必须将表语、状语或动词原形提到as前面。句子的倒装语序有以下三种形式：

(1). 形容词或副词+as+主语+连系动词be或实义动词。例如：

Rich as he is, he never spends a cent on clothes.虽然他很富有，但他从不花一分钱在衣服上。Much as I admire his courage, I don’t think he acted wisely.

我虽然佩服他的勇气，但我认为他这样做是不聪明的。

(2). 名词+as+主语+连系动词be (注意句首的名词不带冠词)。例如：

Child as he is, he knows a lot.尽管他是个孩子，但懂很多事情。

Boy as he was, he was chosen king.尽管他还是个孩子，但却被立为国王。

(3). 实义动词+as+主语+助动词[如果没有助动词，则要加上一个do(does或did)]。例如：Try as he may, he never succeeds.尽管他很努力，但总是不成功。

Change your mind as you will, you will gain no additional support.即使你改变主意，你也不会得到另外的支持。

5．D

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词性从句连接词。句意: 清明节，现在是一个国家节日，允许更多的人在周五这样的工作日向死去的亲人表达敬意。介词on 后跟的是宾语从句。宾语从句缺主语应用what。A、C选项是关系副词，不能做主语。that 在宾语从句中不做句子成分。故选D。

【点睛】

名词性从句关键在于三点：一、找准从句在主句中充当的成分即分出是名词性从句的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句还是同位语从句。二、连接词在从句中充当的成分（主、宾、定或状语或不做任何成分）三、弄清楚每个连接词的意义。此外还要注意，近年来高考对于名词

性从句的考查多从名词性从句的语序和连接词的用法区别上考查。

6．D

【解析】

【详解】

考查连接词。句意：在美国和其他的一些国家，务必不要让十四岁以下的孩子坐在前排座位上是司机的职责，除非他们系好某种安全带。A. while当……的时候，引导时间状语从句；

B. even甚至；更；

C. until一直；

D. unless除非，如果不，引导条件状语从句。分析句子结构可知为条件状语从句，故选D。

7．B

8．A

9．A

10．C

11．A

12．A

13．C

14．D

15．B

16．D

17．A

18．C

19．A

20．C

21．D

【解析】

【分析】

本文是议论文。作者从养宠物这一现象入手，揭示了养宠物造成的花费大、容易携带病毒及造成流浪宠物等弊端。

7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然相当令人震惊，看到宠物在客厅里休息并不应该使人们感到惊讶A. alert 警觉，警告；B. surprise使惊奇；C. disappoint使失望；D. interest使感兴

趣。根据空后的“anyone who has seen the doggy parlors where loved pets rest.”可知，看到宠物在客厅里休息并不会使人们感到惊讶（surprise）。故选B。

8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：美国人对待宠物的方式很独特，但我们掌握的信息表明英国人对宠物也很好。A. kind 和蔼的；B. polite礼貌的；C. subject 受……支配的；D. available 可获得的。根据本空前的“Americans are unique in treating their little friends in this way, but the information we have suggests that the English, too, ”可知，美国人对待宠物的方式很独特，英

国人对宠物也很好。故选A。

9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我们看宠物食品时，我们可以清楚地看到这一点，宠物食品通常比人类食品含有更多的维生素，或者至少不缺乏营养。A. seldom很少；B. far遥远地；

C. frequently经常地；

D. totally完全地。根据本空前的“This can clearly be seen when we look at pet foods, which often contain more vitamins than human food or at least”可知，宠物的饮食很少（seldom）缺少营养。故选A。

10．考查短语词义辨析。句意：去年英国公众仅在宠物的食物上就花费了两亿英镑，更别提兽医账单和宠物家具了。A. in spite of尽管；B. regardless of 不顾，不管；C. not to mention 更不必说；D. rather than而不是。此处表示更别提（not to mention）兽医账单和宠物家具了。故选C。

11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当考虑到同样的数量可以为饥饿和贫困的受害者做些什么时，很容易让人感到高兴。A. delighted高兴的；B. patient耐心的；C. mention 提到；D. unsatisfied不满意的。根据空后的“with this when considering what the same amount could do for victims of starvation and poverty”可知，此处是说如果把这些钱用于为饥饿和贫穷的受害者做些什么会让人感到很高兴（delighted）。故选A。

12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以当我读到一个老人把钱留给宠物而不是他的子女时我通常会很生气。A. usual通常的；B. natural自然的；C. concerned关心的；D. essential基本的。根据空后的“for me to get hot unde r collar when I read an old man left all his money to his dog instead of his children.”可知，当我读到一个老人把钱留给宠物而不是他的子女时我通常（usual）会很生气。故选A。

13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：让我认为英国人如此热衷于养宠物的行为可笑有许多原因。

A. inevitable必然的；

B. understandable可以理解的；

C. ridiculous可笑的，荒谬的；

D. common 共同的，普通的。根据空后的“They cause physical problems.”等理由可知，我感到英国人如

此热衷于养宠物的行为是可笑的（ridiculous）。故选C。

14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：宠物病菌对儿童的威胁使英国政府对宠物实行严格的限制。

A. orders顺序，订单；

B. punishments惩罚；

C. unacceptable不能接受的；

D. restriction限制，约束。根据本空前的“It is the threat of rabies—a disease with no known cure”可知，狂犬病危害极大，对儿童的威胁使英国政府对宠物实行严格的限制（restriction）。故选D。

15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当西班牙政府近期消灭大量的流浪狗以解决同样的威胁时，英国游客马上给报社写信抱怨这场大屠杀。A. cured治愈，矫正；B. destroyed破坏；C. treatments治疗；D. drove驾驶。根据空后的“a number of stray dogs as protection against the same threat”可知，西班牙政府为了解决同样的威胁，近期消灭（destroyed）了大量的流浪狗。故选B。

16．考查动词词义辨析。A. inquiring询问；B. caring关心；C. enclosed围绕；D. complaining 抱怨。结合上文英国人热衷于宠物可知，英国游客马上给报社写信抱怨（complaining）这场大屠杀。故选D。

17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一个问题是主人欠考虑。A. thoughtlessness欠考虑；B. hesitation犹豫；C. worrying 担心；D. kindness仁慈，好意。根据空后的“Most little children want a dog or a cat, and they continually push their mothers and fathers until they get one. It is only when the "sweet little thing" has been brought home that the parents realize how much time and money must be spent on "Rover" or "Bonzo".”可知，主人养宠物前没有考虑要花费的时间和金钱。故选A。

18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：主人开始遗弃宠物。A. isolate隔离；B. scold责备；C. abandon 遗弃，放弃；D. bind捆绑，约束。根据本空后的“It is only when the "sweet little thing" has been brought home that the parents realize how much time and money must be spent on "Rover" or

"B onzo".”可知，由于花费太大，主人开始遗弃（abandon）宠物。故选C。

19．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：宠物狗自由自在地跑这并不有趣。A. funny有趣的；B. sweet 甜的；C. desert荒凉的；D. loving钟情的。根据本空后的“English farmers lose hundreds of sheep a year, killed by someone's pet”可知，因为一年之中有很多羊都被宠物狗咬死了。故选A。20．考查副词词义辨析。A. Nevertheless然而；B. Moreover而且，此外；C. Therefore因此，所以；D. Meanwhile同时。根据本空后的“I would only suggest that…”可知，此处与前面是因果关系，此处表示“所以”。故选C。

21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我只是建议，我们把我们的优先次序搞错了，应该采取一些措施。A. mind理智，精神；B. behavior行为，举止；C. love爱；D. priority优先权。根据

本空后的“wrong and that something should be done about it. In my view, it's time we stopped being sentimental about pets.”可知，此处是说我们把重点（priority）搞错了，我们是时候停止对宠物的爱了。故选D。

22．A

23．C

24．D

25．B

【解析】

【分析】

这是一篇说明文。在面对孩子房间一片混乱时，有的父母一直唠叨结果适得其反，专家就此给出了一些行之有效的建议。

22．主旨大意题。文章主要描述孩子们的卧室普遍存在一团糟的现象并给出了一些让孩子们打扫他们卧室的方法。如倒数第二段第一句Humour can help, too. 和最后一段第一句中also recommends that parents first ask children in a nice way to clean up and agree on a reasonable time limit 这些方法，因此A项“如何让孩子们打扫他们的卧室”能概括文章主旨，可作为这篇文章的标题。故A项正确。B项，“纠正孩子坏习惯的方法”。太过宽泛，文章只提及不打扫卧室这一坏习惯。故B项错误。C项，“鼓励孩子们分担更多的家务”。过于片面，文章仅提及鼓励孩子们打扫自己的卧室。故C项错误。D项，“打扫房间的小窍门”。文中未提及。故D项错误。故正确答案为A。

23．细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句Even Kayla admits that, at the worst, her room is a mess. 可知，Kayla 承认她的房间有时不整洁，需要打扫。故正确答案为C。

24．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第一句Parenting expert, Jim Fay, also recommends that parents first ask children in a nice way to clean up and agree on a reasonable time limit. 可知，当孩子的房间看起来像垃圾填埋场时，首先，父母应该用一种友好的方式问他们，并设置一个合理的时间限制。故正确答案为D。

25．推理判断题。根据文章第三段前两句Some parents let it go, believing that a bedroom is private space for children to manage as they wish. Others lecture their children, offer rewards for cleaning, or punish them when they don't. 可知，父母对孩子们的卧室清洁意见不一。故B项正确。A项，“玩捉迷藏可以帮助孩子们改变他们的态度”。文章只提及Perkins 夫人把孩

子的衣服藏起来使其保持房间的干净，并无“玩捉迷藏可以帮助孩子们改变他们的态度”之意。故A项错误。C项，“如果父母像对待老板一样对待孩子，他们的表现往往会更好”。根据文章最后一段最后一句Children often behave better if you treat them in the way you would want to be treated by your boss at work — with respect and high expectations. 可知，如果父母以在工作中希望老板对待自己的方式那样对待孩子，他们的表现往往会更好。故C项错误。D 项，“当他们的房间太干净时，大多数孩子感到不舒服”。文中未提及。故D项错误。故正确答案为B。

26．C

27．B

28．A

29．D

【解析】

【分析】

这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了两种截然不同的人，一种是消极悲观怨天尤人的"受害者"，另一种是积极主动主宰自己命运的"缔造者"。在挫折面前他们表现出不同的态度，作者建议人们要转变心态从命运的"受害者"变成自己命运的主宰者。

26．细节理解题。文章第二段描叙了那些积极乐观的人们"They believe their dance with each sacred moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth．"由此可知他们相信他们在生命中每一个神圣时刻的舞动都是一份礼物，而暴风雨也只是自然生活的一部分，它会带来心灵和精神上成长所需的雨露。他们对待人生的坎坷起伏的态度是很明智的，C选项正确。

27．推理判断题。从第三段Both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives．推断可知B选项正确。他们是自己命运的主人，主宰着自己人生的方向。本段是总分总结构，首句或是尾句即可得出：创造者和受害者都是生活的决定者。故选B。28．推理判断题。第四段首句"In reality，all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives．"即为主题句，意思是：事实上，在我们生活的许多方面我们都扮演着牺牲品或创造者的角色。此后的例子用来作为论据证明此论点，所以A选项正确。

29．推理判断题。文章讲述了两种人对待挫折困境的不同态度，不同做法，最后提出文章中心即作者的观点"you can choose to have a fuller，richer life by setting a clear intention to

transform the victim within，and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are．"建议人们不做生活的牺牲品，争做生活的创造者。所以D选项正确。

30．B

31．A

32．C

33．D

【解析】

【分析】

本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国的创业难题。美国的许多企业正变得越来越老，而许多新企业在婴儿期就已经濒临死亡。此外，年轻人开始创业的速度比过去要低得多。

30．细节理解题。根据文章第六段第二句They are also more likely to want to protect steady revenue streams than revolutionize their industry. 可知，成熟、成功的公司更喜欢保持稳定的收入。故选B。

31．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句Policy must breed our new and small businesses or see the as-yet undreamed of innovations that could be our bright future die in infancy. 可知，国家经济可能依赖于那些创新企业。故A项正确。B项，“一个人脉广泛的寡头政治的崛起与美国的理想背道而驰”。根据文章倒数第三段第二句As such, the rise of a well-connected oligarchy (寡头政治) that protects big business at the expense of small business, and the established over the new, is opposite to American ideals. 可知，一个以牺牲小企业为代价保护大企业、建立在新企业之上的关系良好的寡头政治的崛起，与美国的理想背道而驰，B项叙述不够全面。故B项错误。C项，“收入不平等是政府应该采取行动来解决的问题”。根据文章倒数第二段第一句Income inequality — which is directly caused by faulty government policy — is being promoted as the reason to impose more of that bad policy. 可知，收入不平等是由政府采取错误的政策直接造成的。故C项错误。D项，“政府通过自由市场法则来选择赢家和输家”。根据文章倒数第二段第二句中we do not have a free market but one where government picks winners and losers through regulations and financial aids 可知，没有自由市场，政府是通过监管和金融援助来挑选赢家和输家的市场。故D项错误。故正确答案为A。

32．推理判断题。根据文章第五段第一句This is partly an unintended issue of resources —established companies can cope with new costs more easily — but it's also deliberate. 可知，较大

2020上海中学 高一下期中数学

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