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《英语语言学概论》期末考试样卷

台州学院____学年第____学期

_____级英语专业《英语语言学概论》期末试卷A卷（闭卷）姓名__________ 班级___________ 学号_____________

I．Decide whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F). (10 points, 1 point each)

1.Articulatory Phonetics studies the physical properties of speech sounds.

2.Adjectives belong to open class words.

3.John Austin made the distinction between a constative and a performative.

4.What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the

study of meaning the context of use is considered.

5.English is a typical intonation language.

6.Phones in complementary distribution should be assigned to the same

phoneme.

7.Pragmatics treats the meaning of language as something intrinsic and

inherent.

8.There are words of more or less the same meaning used in different

regional dialects.

9.Transformations are the rules which can change the meaning of sentence.

10.Sense and reference are two different notions of semantics, and they are

related to each other.

II. Fill in the following blanks. (10 points, 1 point each)

1.The word “and” is a c____________ conjunction.

2.Linguistic c__________ is a native speaker’s linguistic knowledge of his

language.

3.The relationship between the sound and the meaning of a word is a________.

4. A m________ is the smallest linguistic unit that carries meaning.

5. A sentence is formed by phonological rules, m______ rules, syntactic rules

and semantic rules.

6.The most recognizable difference between American English and British

English are in p________ and vocabulary.

7.Speech v________refers to any distinguishable form of speech used by a

speaker or a group of speakers.

8.P ____ refers to the realization of langue in actual use.

9.Linguistics is generally defined as the s ____ study of language.

10.As a type of linguistic system in L2 learning, i_______ is a product of L2

training, mother tongue interference, overgeneralization of the target language rules, and learning and communicative strategies of the learner..

III. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement. (20 points, 1 point each)

1. Which of the following branch of linguistics takes the inner structure of word as its main object of study?

A. Phonetics.

B. Semantics.

C. Morphology.

D. Sociolinguistics.

2. ________refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.

A. Dialect

B. Idiolect

C. Pidgin

D. Register

3. Which of the following is a voiceless bilabial stop?

A.[w].

B. [m].

C. [b].

D. [p].

4. The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called ________.

A. hyponymy

B. synonymy

C. polysemy

D. homonymy

5. Which of the following words is NOT formed by blending?

A. Smog.

B. Botel.

C. Brunch.

D. Edit.

6. What phonetic feature distinguishes the [p] in please and the [p] in speak?

A.Voicing

B. Aspiration

C. Roundness

D. Nasality

7. The word boyguard is a ______.

A. compound word

B. complex word

C. derivational word

D. free morpheme

8. All words contain a _________.

A. root

B. bound morpheme

C. prefix

D. suffix

9. Of the following sound combinations, only ______ is permissible.

A. kibl

B. hkil

C. ilkb

D. ilbk

10. Where is the primary stress of the word phonology?

A. pho.

B. no.

C. lo.

D. gy.

11. Conventionally a ________ is put in slashes.

A. allophone

B. phone

C. phoneme

D. morpheme

12. The plural affix in the word tables is a(n) _______.

A. inflectional suffix

B. derivational suffix

C. free morpheme

D. root

13. Language is tool of communication. The symbol “highway closed”serves___.

A. an expressive function

B. an informative function

C. a performative function

D. a persuasive function

14. Which of the following groups of words is a minimal pair?

A. but/pub

B. wet/which

C. cool/curl

D. fail/find

15. Whorf believed that speakers of different languages perceive and experienced the world differently, that is relative to their linguistic background, hence the notion of ______________.

A. linguistic determination

B. linguistic relativism

C. linguistic nativism

D. linguistic behaviorism

16. What are the dual structures of language?

A. Sounds and letters.

B. Sounds and meaning.

C. Letters and meaning.

D. Sounds and symbols.

17. The meaning carried by the inflectional morpheme is _______.

A. lexical

B. morphemic

C. grammatical

D. semantic

18. According to Krashen ______ refers to the gradual and subconscious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communication.

A. learning

B. competence

C. performance

D. acquisition

19. Which of the following is one of the core branches of linguistics?

A. Phonology.

B. Psycho-linguistics.

C. Sociolinguistics.

D. Anthropology.

20. The relationship be tween “flower” and “tulip” is _________.

A. homonymy

B. hyponymy

C. polysemy

D. synonymy

IV. Translate the following linguistic terms: (10 points, 1 point each)

A. From English to Chinese

B. From Chinese to English

1. acoustic phonetics 6. 应用语言学

2. closed class words 7. 格语法

3. componential analysis 8. 积极迁移

4. distinctive features 9. 历史语言学

5. Critical Period Hypothesis 10. 声调语言

V. Draw a tree diagram for the following sentence by applying TG Grammar.

(10 points)

The man saw a horse.

VI. Answer the following questions briefly. (20 points)

1. Define phoneme. (4 points)

2. Explain complementary distribution with an example.(5 points)

3. What are the four criteria for classifying English vowels. (4 points)

4. Analyze the following conversation by applying the Cooperative

Principles.(7 points)

A: Teheran is in Turkey, isn’t it, teacher?

B: And London is in France, I suppose.

VII. Do the following analysis. (20 points)

1. Write the one proper description from the list under B for the underlined part of each word in A. (5 points, 1 point each)

A B

(1) terroriz ed a. free root

(2) un civil ized b. bound root

(3) terror ize c. inflectional suffix

(4) luke warm d. derivational suffix

(5) im possible e. inflectional prefix

f. derivational prefix

2. Consider the following sentences in Swahili, and anwer the questions:(15 points)

mtu amelala The man has slept.

mtu analala The man is sleeping.

mtu atalala The man will sleep.

watu wamelala The men have slept.

watu wanalala The men are sleeping.

watu watalala The men will sleep.

visu vinaanguka The knives are falling.

kikapu kimeanguka The basket has fallen.

watoto watafika The children will arrive.

1)toto in Swahili means ______ in English.

2)The meaning of the morpheme wa- in Swahili is _______.

3)______ in Swahili means “sleep” in English.

4)Translate mtoto anaanguka into English.

5)Translate vikapu vimefika into English.

台州学院______学年第_____学期

_____级___专业《英语语言学概论》期末试卷A卷（闭卷）

答题卷

姓名__________ 班级___________ 学号_____________

I．Decide whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F). (10 points, 1 point each)

II. Fill in the following blanks. (10 points, 1 point each)

1._________

2.__________

3. __________

4._________

5._________

6._________

7.___________

8.___________

9._________10._________

III. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement. (20 points, 1 point each)

IV. Translate the following linguistic terms: (10 points, 1 point each)

1._________________ 6.________________

2._________________ 7._________________

3. ________________ 8._________________

4._________________ 9._________________

5.__________________ 10.________________

V. Draw a tree diagram for the following sentence by applying TG grammar.

(10 points)

The man saw a horse.

VI. Answer the following questions. (20 points)

___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ _____________

_____________________________________________________________________

2._________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________3.____________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ _____________

4._________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

_____________

VII. Do the following analysis. (20 points)

1. (1) ________ (2) _________ (3) ________ (4) _______ (5) ________

2. (1) _______________

(2) _______________

(3) _______________

(4) _______________

(5) _______________

台州学院_____学年第___学期

___级____专业《英语语言学概论》期末试卷A卷（闭卷）

参考答案及评分说明

I．Decide whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F). (10 points, 1 point each)

II. Fill in the following blanks. (10 points, 1 point each)

1. coordinate

2. competence

3. arbitrary

4. morpheme

5. morphological

6. pronunciation

7. variety

8. performance

9. scientific 10. interlanguage

III. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement. (20 points, 1 point each)

IV. Translate the following linguistic terms: (10 points, 1 point each)

1. 声学语音学 6. applied linguistics

2. 封闭词类7. case grammar

3. 成分分析8. positive transfer

4. 区别性特征9. historical linguistics

5. 临界期假说10. tone language

V. Draw a tree diagram for the sentence by applying TG Grammar. (10 points)

NP Infl VP

Det N pst V NP

Det N

the man saw a horse

VI. Answer the following questions. (20 points)

1. A contrastive phonological segment whose phonetic realizations are predictable by rules. (4 points)(or: A phoneme is a phonological unit; it is a unit that is of distinctive value.)

2. The situation in which phones never occur in the same phonetic environment.（4 points）e.g. [p] and [p h] never occur in the same position. （1 point）

3. the position of the tongue in the mouth(1 point), the openness of the mouth(1 point), the shape of the lips(1 point), and the length of the vowels. (1 point)

4. According to the Cooperative Principle, the participants of the conversation should

obey the four maxims of the principle: the maxim of quantity, the maxim of quality, the maxim of relation, the maxim of manner. (2 points) In this conversation, B’s reply deliberately violated the maxim of quality, (2 points) because B wanted A to infer the information that Teheran is not in Turkey. The main purpose of B is to let A know that it is absurd to make such a mistake.(3

points)

VII. Do the following analysis. (20 points)

1. (1) c (2) a (3) d (4) b (5) f (1 point each)

2. 1) child （2 points）2) human, plural （3 points）3)lala （2

points）4)The child is falling.（4 points）5)The baskets have arrived.

（4 points）

《英语语音》期末考试试卷及答案

《英语语音》考试试卷（A卷、闭卷） I. , (15%) （）1. A. B. C. D. （）2. A. B. C. D. （）3. A. B. C. D. （）4. A. B. C. D. （）5. A. B. C. （）6. A. B. C. D. （）7. A. B. C. D. （）8. A. B. C. D. （）9. A. B. C. D. （）10. A. B. C. D. . (15%) （）1. A. B. C. D. （）2. A. B. C. D. （）3. A. B. C. D. （）4. A. B. C. D. （）5. A. B. C. D. （）6. A. B. C. D. （）7. A. B. C. D. （）8. A. B. C. D. （）9. A. B.

C. D. （）10. A. B. C. D. . . (15%) ( ) 1. A . ( ) 2. . ( ) 3. / i: / / ? /. ( ) 4. / k / / g / . ( ) 5. , . ( ) 6. . ( ) 7. a . ( ) 8. , . ( ) 9. A a a a . A . ( )10. . . . ( 1 , 20%) 1. () , , , , . , , ; , , . 2. A . 3. : , . 4. , a a , .

5. , : 1) ; 2) . V. . (20%). 1. “” . A. B. C. 2. . , . A. B. C. a 3. . A. B. C. 4. “”, “”, “”“”, “c”“k” . A. B. C. 5. “ .” . A. ’s . B. ’s . C. . 6. I’ . A. B. a C. 7. a ? A. B. C. 8. ? A. B. C. 9. a . A. B. C. ? 10. :

材料力学期末试卷答案解析

一、一、填空题（每小题5分，共10分） 1、如图，若弹簧在Q作用下的静位移st20 = ? 冲击时的最大动位移 mm d 60 = ? 为：3Q。 2、在其它条件相同的情况下，用内直径为d 实心轴，若要使轴的刚度不变的外径D。二、二、选择题（每小题5分，共10分） 1、置有四种答案： (A)截面形心；（B）竖边中点A （C）横边中点B；（D）横截面的角点正确答案是：C 2、足的条件有四种答案：（A） ; z y I I=（A）; z y I I>（A）; z y I I<（A） y z λ λ= 。正确答案是： D 三、 1、（15 P=20KN, []σ 解：AB M n = AB max M= 危险点在A

2、图示矩形截面钢梁，A 端是固定铰支座，B 端为弹簧支承。在该梁的中点C 处受到的重解：（1）求st δ、max st σ。将重力P 按静载方式沿铅垂方向加在梁中心C 处，点C 的挠度为st δ、静应力为max st σ，惯性矩 ) (12016.004.0124 33m bh I ?== 由挠度公式 ) 2(21483K P EI Pl st +=δ得， 8 3339 3 10365.112 )10(104010210488.040---???????= st δ mm m 1001.01032.25240213==???+ mm m 1001.0== 根据弯曲应力公式 z st W M =max σ得，其中4Pl M =， 62bh W z = 代入max st σ得， MPa bh Pl st 124 01.004.06 8.0406 42 2max =????== σ （2）动荷因数K d 12160 211211=?+ +=+ +=K st d h δ （3）梁内最大冲击应力 M P a st d d 1441212max =?=K =σσ 3、（10分）图中的1、2杆材料相同，均为园截面压杆，若使两杆在大柔度时的临界应力相等，试求两杆的直径之比d 1/d 2,以及临界力之比21)/()(cr cr P P 。并指出哪根杆的稳定性较好。解：由 2 22212λπλπσE E cr == 即： 22 221111i l i l μλμλ===；

材料力学期末考试复习题及答案

二、计算题： 1.梁结构尺寸、受力如图所示，不计梁重，已知q=10kN/m，M=10kN·m，求A、B、C处的约束力。 2.铸铁T梁的载荷及横截面尺寸如图所示，C为截面形心。已知I z=60125000mm4，y C=157.5mm，材料许用压应力[σc]=160MPa，许用拉应力[σt]=40MPa。试求：①画梁的剪力图、弯矩图。②按正应力强度条件校核梁的强度。 3.传动轴如图所示。已知F r=2KN，F t=5KN，M=1KN·m，l=600mm，齿轮直径D=400mm，轴的[σ]=100MPa。试求：①力偶M的大小；②作AB轴各基本变形的力图。③用第三强度理论设计轴AB 的直径d。 4.图示外伸梁由铸铁制成，截面形状如图示。已知I z=4500cm4，y1=7.14cm，y2=12.86cm，材料许用压应力[σc]=120MPa，许用拉应力[σt]=35MPa，a=1m。试求：①画梁的剪力图、弯矩图。②按正应力强度条件确定梁截荷P。 5.如图6所示，钢制直角拐轴，已知铅垂力F1，水平力F2，实心轴AB的直径d，长度l，拐臂的长度a。试求：①作AB轴各基本变形的力图。②计算AB轴危险点的第三强度理论相当应力。

6.图所示结构，载荷P=50KkN，AB杆的直径d=40mm，长度l=1000mm，两端铰支。已知材料E=200GPa，σp=200MPa，σs=235MPa，a=304MPa，b=1.12MPa，稳定安全系数n st=2.0，[σ]=140MPa。试校核AB杆是否安全。 7.铸铁梁如图5，单位为mm，已知I z=10180cm4，材料许用压应力[σc]=160MPa，许用拉应力[σt]=40MPa，试求：①画梁的剪力图、弯矩图。②按正应力强度条件确定梁截荷P。 8.图所示直径d=100mm的圆轴受轴向力F=700kN与力偶M=6kN·m的作用。已知M=200GPa，μ=0.3，[σ]=140MPa。试求：①作图示圆轴表面点的应力状态图。②求圆轴表面点图示方向的正应变。③按第四强度理论校核圆轴强度。 9.图所示结构中，q=20kN/m，柱的截面为圆形d=80mm，材料为Q235钢。已知材料E=200GPa，σp=200MPa，σs=235MPa，a=304MPa，b=1.12MPa，稳定安全系数n st=3.0，[σ]=140MPa。试校核柱BC是否安全。

javascript期末考试模拟题

一、单项选择题（本题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其正确答案涂写在答题卡上。 1. 以“.js”为文件扩展名的文件是______。 (A) html文件(B) 网页文件(C) Java文件(D) Javascript文件 2.以下合法的变量名是______。 (A) new (B) _123 (C) null (D) 2abc 3.以下正确的字符串是______。 (A) xyz (B) ‘xyz” (C) “xyz’ (D) ‘xyz’ 4.设有语句： var st1=’test’; st1=st1+ 25; 则st1的值是______。 (A) ‘test25’ (B) 25 (C) ‘test’(D) 语法错误 5.123+”789”的值是______。 (A) ‘123789’ (B) 912 (C) “789”(D) 语法错误 6.表达式（a=2,b=5,a>b?a:b）的值是______。 (A) 2 (B) 5 (C) 1 (D) 0 7.设有语句var a=3,b=5,c=3,d=8,m=3,n=2; 则逻辑表达式(m=a>b)&&(n=c>d)运算后，n的值为_______。 (A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3 8.设var a=2,b=3; 则a++==b?(a-1):b的结果是___________。 A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 3 9. 下面while循环执行的次数为________。 var i=5; while (i==0) i--; A)无限B) 1 C) 5 D) 0 10. 以下数组的定义中____________是错误的。 A) var a=new Array(); B) var a=new Array(10); C) var a[10]={ 1,2,3}; D) var a=["1",2,"3"]; 11.设var x=3,y=4; 下列表达式中y的值为9的是________。 A）y*=x-3 B）y/=x*9 C）y-=x+10 D）y+=x+2 12. 在程序中有多个相关联的选项，若要默认选择某一项，应在该项中增加_________属性。 A) checked B) default C) selected D) defaultValue 13．结果为NaN的表达式是______。 (A) "80"+"19" (B) "十九"+"八十" (C) "八十"*"十九" (D) "80"*"19" 14．执行下面语句后c的值是_______。 var a=2,b=1,c=3; if(a

材料力学期末考试试题A卷

材料力学期末考试试题（A卷）一、单选或多选题（每小题3分，共8小题24分） 1．图中应力圆a、b、c表示的应力状态分别为 A 二向应力状态、纯剪切应力状态、三向应力状态； B 单向拉应力状态、单向压应力状态、三向应力状态； C 单向压应力状态、纯剪切应力状态、单向拉应力状态； D 单向拉应力状态、单向压应力状态、纯剪切应力状态。正确答案是 C 2．一点的应力状态如右图所示，则其主应力1σ、2σ、3σ分别为 A 30MPa、100 MPa、50 MPa B 50 MPa、30MPa、-50MPa C 50 MPa、0、-50MPa D -50 MPa、30MPa、50MPa 正确答案是 B 3．下面有关强度理论知识的几个论述，正确的是 D 。 A 需模拟实际应力状态逐一进行试验，确定极限应力； B 无需进行试验，只需关于材料破坏原因的假说； C 需要进行某些简单试验，无需关于材料破坏原因的假说；

D 假设材料破坏的共同原因。同时，需要简单试验结果。 4．对于图示的应力状态，若测出x、y方向的线应变xε、yε，可以确定的材料弹性常数有： A 弹性模量E、横向变形系数ν； B 弹性模量E、剪切弹性模量G； C 剪切弹性模量G、横向变形系数ν； D 弹性模量E、横向变形系数ν、剪切弹性模量G。正确答案是 D 5．关于斜弯曲变形的下述说法，正确的是 A B D 。 A 是在两个相互垂直平面内平面弯曲的组合变形； B 中性轴过横截面的形心； C 挠曲线在载荷作用面内； D 挠曲线不在载荷作用面内。 6．对莫尔积分 dx EI x M x M l? = ? ) ( ) ( 的下述讨论，正确的是 C 。 A 只适用于弯曲变形； B 等式两端具有不相同的量纲； C 对于基本变形、组合变形均适用； D 只适用于直杆。

材料力学期末考试习题集

材料力学期末复习题判断题 1、强度是构件抵抗破坏的能力。（√ ） 2、刚度是构件抵抗变形的能力。（√ ） 3、均匀性假设认为，材料内部各点的应变相同。（×） 4、稳定性是构件抵抗变形的能力。（×） 5、对于拉伸曲线上没有屈服平台的合金塑性材料，工程上规定2.0σ作为名义屈服极限，此时相对应的应变为2.0%=ε。（×） 6、工程上将延伸率δ≥10％的材料称为塑性材料。（×） 7、任何温度改变都会在结构中引起应变与应力。（×） 8、理论应力集中因数只与构件外形有关。（√ ） 9、任何情况下材料的弹性模量E都等于应力和应变的比值。（×） 10、求解超静定问题,需要综合考察结构的平衡、变形协调和物理三个方面。（√ ） 11、未知力个数多于独立的平衡方程数目,则仅由平衡方程无法确定全部未知力,这类问题称为超静定问题。（√ ） 12、矩形截面杆扭转变形时横截面上凸角处切应力为零。（√ ） 13、由切应力互等定理可知：相互垂直平面上的切应力总是大小相等。（×） 14、矩形截面梁横截面上最大切应力maxτ出现在中性轴各点。（√ ） 15、两梁的材料、长度、截面形状和尺寸完全相同，若它们的挠曲线相同，则受力相同。（√ ） 16、材料、长度、截面形状和尺寸完全相同的两根梁，当载荷相同，其变形和位移也相同。（×） 17、主应力是过一点处不同方向截面上正应力的极值。（√ ） 18、第四强度理论用于塑性材料的强度计算。（×） 19、第一强度理论只用于脆性材料的强度计算。（×） 20、有效应力集中因数只与构件外形有关。（×）绪论 1.各向同性假设认为，材料内部各点的（）是相同的。（A）力学性质；（B）外力；（C）变形；（D）位移。 2.根据小变形条件，可以认为( )。（A）构件不变形；（B）构件不变形；（C）构件仅发生弹性变形；（D）构件的变形远小于其原始尺寸。 3.在一截面的任意点处，正应力σ与切应力τ的夹角( )。 (A)α＝900；（B）α＝450；（C）α＝00；（D）α为任意角。 4.根据材料的主要性能作如下三个基本假设___________、___________、___________。 5.材料在使用过程中提出三个方面的性能要求，即___________、___________、___________。 6.构件的强度、刚度和稳定性（）。（A）只与材料的力学性质有关；（B）只与构件的形状尺寸关（C）与二者都有关；（D）与二者都无关。 7.用截面法求一水平杆某截面的内力时，是对( )建立平衡方程求解的。 (A) 该截面左段; (B) 该截面右段; (C) 该截面左段或右段; (D) 整个杆。 8.如图所示，设虚线表示单元体变形后的形状，则该单元体

数据库期末考试模拟试题及答案(一)

四、程序设计题（本大题共2小题，每小题15分，共30分） 1.对于教学数据库的三个基本表学生student (sno,sname,sex,sage,sdept) 学习sc(sno,cno,grade) 课程course(cno,cname,cpno,ccredit) 试用SQL语句表示：下列语句。（1）"查询全男同学信息情况" "select * from student where sex='男'" （2）"查询选修了1号课的学生的学号和成绩" "select sno,grade from sc where cno='1'" （3）"查询所有选修过课的学生的姓名，课程名及成绩" "select sname,cname,grade from student,sc,course where student.sno=sc.sno and https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8013573948.html,o=https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8013573948.html,o" （4）"查询选修了数据库原理课的最高成绩" "select max(grade) as '最高成绩' from student,sc,course where student.sno=sc.sno and https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8013573948.html,o=https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8013573948.html,o and cname='数据库原理'" （5）查询所有选修了1号课程的同学的姓名" " select sname from student where student.sno in (select sc.sno from sc where cno='1')" 2．设有一个SPJ数据库，包括S，P，J，SPJ四个关系模式（20分）供应商表S（SNO,SNAME,STATUS,CITY）; 零件表P(PNO,PNAME,COLOR,WEIGHT); 工程项目表J(JNO,JNAME,CITY); 供应情况表SPJ(SNO,PNO,JNO,QTY)；SPJ表 J表 S表 P表请用关系代数完成如下查询： 1．求供应工程J1零件的供应商号 SNO 2．求供应工程J1零件P1的供应商号吗SNO 3．求供应工程J1零件为红色的供应商号码SNO 4．求没有使用天津供应商生产的红色零件的工程号JNO 5．求至少用了供应商S1所供应的全部零件的工程号JNO 1.∏sno（σJNO＝‘J1’（SPJ）） 2.∏sno（σJNO＝‘J1’ΛPNO=’P1’（SPJ）） 3.∏sno（σJNO＝‘J1’（SPJ）∞σcolor＝‘红’（P）） 4.∏jno（SPJ）-∏jno（∏sno（σcity＝‘天津’（S））∞∏sno，jno （SPJ）∞∏jno σcolor＝‘红’（P）） 5.∏jno, pno（SPJ）÷∏pno（σsno＝‘s1’（SPJ））五、分析题（本大题共2小题，每小题15分本大题共30分） 1. 学生运动会模型: (1)有若干班级,每个班级包括: 班级号,班级名,专业,人数 (2)每个班级有若干运动员,运动员只能属于一个班,包括:运动员号,姓名,性别,年龄

研究生英语期末考试试卷

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A. some modern women prefer a life of individual freedom. B. the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day Europe. C. some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonely. D. Most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable. 5.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A. To review the impact of women becoming high earners. B. To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualism. C. To examine the trend of young people living alone. D. To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships. Passage Two American dramas and sitcoms would have been candidates for prime time several years ago. But those programs －though some remain popular －increasingly occupy fringe times slots on foreign networks. Instead, a growing number of shows produced by local broadcasters are on the air at the best times. The shift counters longstanding assumptions that TV shows produced in the United States would continue to overshadow locally produced shows from Singapore to Sicily. The changes are coming at a time when the influence of the United States on international affairs has annoyed friends and foes alike, and some people are expressing relief that at least on television American culture is no longer quite the force it once was. “There has always been a concern that the image of the world would be shaped too much by American culture,” said Dr. Jo Groebek, director general of the European Institu te for the Media, a non-profit group. Given the choice, he adds, foreign viewers often prefer homegrown shows that better reflect local tastes, cultures and historical events. Unlike in the United States, commercial broadcasting in most regions of the world －including Asia, Europe, and a lesser extent Latin America, which has a long history of commercial TV －is a relatively recent development. A majority of broadcasters in many countries were either state-owned or state-subsidized for much of the last century. Governments began to relax their control in the 1980’s by privatizing national broadcasters and granting licenses to dozens of new commercial networks. The rise of cable and satellite pay-television increased the spectrum of channels. Relatively inexperienced and often financed on a shoestring, these new commercial stations needed hours of programming fast. The cheapest and easiest way to fill airtime was to buy shows from American studios, and the bidding wars for popular shows were fierce. The big American studios took advantage of that demand by raising prices and forcing foreign broadcasters to buy less popular programs if they wanted access to the best-selling shows and movies. “The studio priced themselves out of prime time,” said Harry Evans Sloan, chairman of SBS Broadcasting, a Pan-European broadcaster. Mr. Sloan estimates that over the last decade, the price of American programs has increased fivefold even as the international ratings for these shows have declined. American broadcasters are still the biggest buyers of American-made television shows, accounting for 90% of the $25 billion in 2001 sales. But international sales which totaled $2.5 billion last year often make the difference between a profit and a loss on show. As the pace of foreign sales slows －the market is now growing at 5% a year, down from the double-digit growth of the 1990’s －studio executives are rethinking production costs. 6. Which of the following best characterizes the image embodied in American shows? A. Self-contradictory B. Prejudice-free C. Culture-loaded D. Audience-targeted 7. The intervention of governments in the 1980’s resulted in __________ . A. the patenting of domination shows and movies B. the emergence of new commercial networks C. the promotion of cable and satellite pay-television D. the intense competition coming from the outside 8. The phrase “on a shoestring” (Para. 6) most probably means __________. A. in need of capital B. after a fashion C. on second thoughts D. in the interests of themselves 9. The main reason why American dramas and sitcoms are driven out of prime time is that ____. A. they lose competitiveness B. they are not market-oriented C. they are too much priced D. they fall short of audience expectations 10. American studio producers will give thought to production costs __________. A. if they have no access to popular shows B. because their endeavors come to no avail C. since bidding wars are no longer fierce D. as international sales pace slows down Passage Three How shops can exploit people's herd mentality to increase sales 1. A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended. Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (th at is，how ants，bees or any social animal，including humans，behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy. 2. At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome，Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani，a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology，described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted: for instance，by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store，forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes，also of the Florida Institute of Technology, set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that, if a certain product is seen to be popular, shoppers are likely to choose it too. The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying. 3. Enter smart-cart technology. In Mr Usmani's supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag, a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information，and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer. As a customer walks past a shelf of goods, a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high, he is more likely to select it too.

材料力学期末试卷1(带答案)

第 1 页共 4 页三明学院《材料力学》期末考试卷1答案（考试时间：120分钟）使用班级：学生数：任课教师：考试类型闭卷一．填空题（22分） 1. （每空1分，共3分） 2（1分） 3 （每空1分，共2分） 4. （每空1分，共 4分） 5. 图示正方形边长为a ，圆孔直径为D ，若在该正方形中间位置挖去此圆孔，则剩下部分图形的惯性矩y z I I = （2分） 6. 某材料的σε-曲线如图，则材料的（1）屈服极限s σ （2）强度极限b σ （3）弹性模量E （4）强度计算时，若取安全系数为2，那么塑性材料的许用应力 []σ，脆性材料的许用应力 []σ。（每空2分，共10分）二、选择题（每小题2分，共30分）（ C ）1. 对于静不定问题，下列陈述中正确的是。 A 未知力个数小于独立方程数； B 未知力个数等于独立方程数； C 未知力个数大于独立方程数。（ B ）2．求解温度应力和装配应力属于。 A 静定问题； B 静不定问题； C 两者均不是。（ B ）3．圆轴受扭转变形时，最大剪应力发生在。 A 圆轴心部； B 圆轴表面； C 心部和表面之间。（ C ）4．在压杆稳定中，对于大柔度杆，为提高稳定性，下列办法中不能采用的是。 A 选择合理的截面形状； B 改变压杆的约束条件； C 采用优质钢材。（ C ）5．弯曲内力中，剪力的一阶导数等于。 A 弯矩； B 弯矩的平方； C 载荷集度（ C ）6．对构件既有强度要求，又有刚度要求时，设计构件尺寸需要。 A 只需满足强度条件； B 只需满足刚度条件； C 需同时满足强度、刚度条件。（ A ）7．()21G E μ=+????适用于 A ．各向同性材料 B. 各向异性材料 C. 各向同性材料和各向异性材料 D. 正交各向异性。（ B ）8．在连接件上，剪切面和挤压面分别于外力方向 A.垂直、平行 B.平行、垂直 C.均平行 D.均垂直（ C ）9．下面两图中单元体的剪切应变分别等于。虚线表示受力后的形状 A. 2γ，γ B. 2γ，0 C. 0，γ D. 0，2γ

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20.图所示点的应力状态，已知材料的许用正应力[σ]，其第三强度理论的强度条件是 2τ《=【σ】。 21.物体相对于地球处于静止或匀速直线运动状态，称为平衡。 22.在截面突变的位置存在应力集中现象。 23.梁上作用集中力偶位置处，其弯矩图在该位置有突变。 24.图所示点的应力状态，已知材料的许用正应力[σ]，其第三强度理论的强度条件是。 25.临界应力的欧拉公式只适用于细长杆。 26.只受两个力作用而处于平衡状态的构件，称为而力构件。 27.作用力与反作用力的关系是。 28.平面任意力系向一点简化的结果的三种情形是力，力偶，平衡。 29.阶梯杆受力如图所示，设AB和BC段的横截面面积分别为2A和A，弹性模量为E，则截面C的位移为 7Fa/2EA 。 30.若一段梁上作用着均布载荷，则这段梁上的剪力图为斜直线。二、计算题： 1.梁结构尺寸、受力如图所示，不计梁重，已知q=10kN/m，M=10kN·m，求A、B、C处的约束力。 2.铸铁T梁的载荷及横截面尺寸如图所示，C为截面形心。已知I z=60125000mm4，y C=157.5mm，材料许用压应力[σc]=160MPa，许用拉应力[σt]=40MPa。试求：①画梁的剪力图、弯矩图。②按正应力强度条件校核梁的强度。

期末考试模拟试题2

期末考试模拟试题（二）一．听句子，选出句子中含有的信息。（10分） ( ) 1. A. Singapore B. Paris C. Toronto ( ) 2. A. the biggest city B. the smallest city C. the hottest city ( ) 3. A. come to tea B. come to a party C. go for a walk ( ) 4. A. had a fever B. had a cold C. have a fever ( ) 5. A. Spring Festival B. Mid-autumn Festival C. Christmas ( ) 6. A. play cards B. play games C. play chess ( ) 7. A. food B. drink C. fruit ( ) 8. A. next Wednesday B. next Thursday C. next Saturday ( ) 9. A. the Monkey King B. the Lion King C. Mickey Mouse ( ) 10. A. go fishing B. play badminton C. go to the circus 二．听句子，写出句子中所缺的词。（5分） 1. Adults usually give to children during Spring festival in China. 2. We are going to the Great the day after . 3. I my house and other housework yesterday. 4. This is the time to be in . 5. What’s the of ? 三．听对话及问题，选出问题的正确答案。（10分） ( ) 1. A English. B. Chinese. C. Maths. ( ) 2. A. At school. B. At home. C. Sorry, I don’t know. ( ) 3. A. A new watch. B. Some flowers. C. A new clock. ( ) 4. A.Go shopping. B. See her friend in hospital. C. Go sightseeing. ( ) 5. A. Guangzhou. B. Beijing. C. Guilin. ( ) 6. A. Yes, she does. B. No, she didn’t. C. Yes, she did. ( ) 7. A. Washed his dog. B. Played football. C. Saw a film on TV. ( ) 8. A. Tuesday, May 3rd. B. Sunday, May 1st. C. Monday, May 2nd. ( ) 9. A. Yes, it is. B. No, it isn’t. C. No, it wasn’t. ( ) 10. A. Go boating. B. Go swimming. C. Go to see a film. 四．听短文，判断对错。对的T，错的F。（5分） ( ) 1. The shops and department stores are quiet. ( ) 2. People are doing their Christmas shopping. ( ) 3. Lots of families have their Christmas trees. ( ) 4. Mr. Brown and his family are getting ready for the Christmas. ( ) 5. They are going to have a big dinner. 五．看图写出所缺的单词或词组。（5分） 1. d 2. F C 3. S F 4. B 5. c 六．找出不同类的单词。（4分） ( ) 1. A. Christmas B. Easter C. Thanksgiving D. festival ( ) 2. A. Saturday B. April C. August D. December ( ) 3. A. important B. popular C. interesting D. present ( ) 4. A. sweet B. merry C. cake D. egg ( ) 5. A. winter B. summer C. season D. spring ( ) 6. A. painted B. had C. have D. was ( ) 7. A. housework B. lesson C. house D. dirty ( ) 8. A. mark B. prepare C. food D. feel

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