VOA常速讲解2010-4-27第345期

VOA常速讲解附字幕:母亲越高,孩子越健康查看原文

第一部分：原文中英对照

Taller mothers are more likely to have children who are healthier—indeed,their children are more likely not just to thrive,but to survive—compared to children of shorter mothers.The findings come from a massive new study of millions of children in low-and middle-income countries.

"The key finding of this paper was to show a consistent association between maternal height and offspring health,which was mainly defined in terms of offspring mortality by age five and the risk of experiencing a failure in growth,"says S.V.Subramanian of the Harvard School of Public Health.He is the lead author of the study,published this week in JAMA,the journal of the American Medical Association.

A mother's height reflects a lifetime of nutritional and social factors that can influence her health and,thus,growth.

Subramanian and his colleagues combine d the results of more than100separate surveys in 54countries.Previous studies found that a mother's height could predict infant mortality and other conditions right around the time of birth.But this study considered the health of children up to age five,as measured by weight, growth and survival.

"I think this was among the first studies to show that the effect of shorter height is kind of long-lasting.It certainly goes into infancy and childhood,"Subramanian says.身材越高的母亲，孩子更加健康的可能性越大——的确，与比较矮的母亲生的孩子相比，她们的孩子更有可能不仅茁壮成长，而且活的更长。该结果来自对中低收入国家数百万儿童进行的大规模的研究。

“这篇论文最关键的发现就是表明母亲身高和后代健康之间存在一致的联系，这一点主要体现在5岁时后代的死亡率和经历成长不足的危险。”哈佛大学公共卫生部门的S.V. Subramanian表示。他是这份研究的首席作者。研究结果发表在美国医学协会杂志上。

母亲的身高反映出一生的营养和社会因素，这可以影响他的健康和成长。

Subramanian和他的同事对54个国家100多项独立的调查结果进行了合并。之前的研究发现母亲的身高可以预测出生时婴儿的死亡率和其他状况。但是这份研究可以预测儿童5岁时的健康状况，包括体重，生长状况和寿命。

“我认为，这是首批研究表明身高比较矮的影响时间是比较长的，可以一直影响到婴儿和儿童时期。”Subramanian说。

Lots of factors determine whether a child survives and thrive s through the first years of life,but Subramanian says if you want to look at one simple predictor,the mother's height is it.

"For growth failure,height is the most important factor,the most important.More than the wealth of the household for the child. More than the education of the mother."

And the relationship was seen consistently in almost every country Subramanian reviewed.

"The association—and to some extent also the strength of the association—does not seem to vary.In52out of54countries,we find the same association."

The two exceptions,incidentally,were Gabon and Comoros.

The Harvard researcher says that while the association is clear,the'why'still needs more work.

"At this point we haven't quite put our hands on what could be the precise mechanisms through which they're occurring,this association,but this certainly provides[a] solid framework to now focus on what are the different mechanisms through which height could influence offspring health,certainly into infancy and childhood."

Subramanian says the study highlight s the long-term effects of factors that contribute to development,such as nutrition,literacy and social environment.It suggests that the environment in which a girl grows up can affect the health of her child a decade or more later,as the child grows up.许多因素可以决定儿童在生命的最初几年能否成活和茁壮成长，但是Subramanian说，如果你只想看一个简单的指标，那就是母亲的身高。

“对于成长不足来说，身高是最为重要的因素。比家庭的财富更加重要，比母亲的教育程度更加重要。”

这种关系在Subramanian所研究的每个国家几乎都是一致的。

“这种联系——从某种程度上来说这种联系的有力——看上去并没有什么差别。在我们研究的54个国家，有52个国家发现了同样的联系。”

两个出现例外的国家是加蓬和科摩罗。

哈佛大学研究人员表示，尽管其中的联系比较明显，而出现这种表现的原因仍然需要进一步研究。

“目前，我们仍然不了解这种现象，这种联系出现的具体机制，但是这确实为我们提供了一个框架，可以研究什么样的身高可以影响后代婴儿甚至儿童期健康状况的不同机制。”

Subramanian表示，这份研究强调了对发展产生长期影响的因素，例如营养，文化和社会环境。研究表明，女孩的成长环境可以对她的孩子成长过程中的十年甚至更长时间产生影响。

1.consistent adj.一贯的,始终如一的

例句：She is a consistent girl in her feeling.

在感情方面她是个始终如一的女孩。

一致的,符合的

例句：His account of what happened was consistent.

他对于所发生事情的叙述前后一致。

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8d1867207.html,bine vt.使结合,使联合;兼有,兼备;使化合

3.vary vi.呈现不同

例句：This pile of apples vary in size.

这堆苹果大小不一。

vt.vi.(使)变化,改变

例句：Opinions on this point vary.

对这一点看法各异。

4.highlight vt.强调,突出,使显著

例句：The President highlights the importance of his visit to China.

总统强调访问中国的重要性。

5.height n.高度,身高

例句：The city is a height of three hundred feet above sea level.

这座城市的高度是海拔300英尺。

6.thrive v.长得健壮

例句：Few plants or animals thrive in the desert.

极少数植物或动物能在沙漠中茁壮成长。

7.survive vt.比…活得长,经历…之后还存在

例句：Most parents expect that their children will survive them.

大多数父母都希望子女能够比他们自己长寿。

1.Taller mothers are more likely to have children who are healthier—indeed,their children are more likely not just to thrive,but to survive—compared to children of shorter mothers.

compared to与……相比

more likely to更有可能……

破折号后进一步说明。not just……but，是not just……but also的省略形式，不仅，而且，表示递进关系。survive在这里表示比他们更长寿。

2.The key finding of this paper was to show a consistent association between maternal height and offspring health,which was mainly defined in terms of offspring mortality by age five and the risk of experiencing a failure in growth.

这句话的前半部分是主干，后面是which引导的定语从句，修饰的是offspring health，表示后代的健康是通过后代五岁时的死亡率和生长不足的几率。

3.More than the wealth of the household for the child.More than the education of the mother.

more than在这里是比较级的用法。其他意思：

超过,多于

例句：It's no more than one mile to the shops.

到商业区不过一英里。

很,非常

例句：I was more than a little angry when I saw how they'd ruined it.

当我见到他们是怎样把它破坏时,我不禁大为愤慨。

不只是

例句：His report is more than a survey.

他的报告不只是一份调查。

4.At this point we haven't quite put our hands on what could be the precise mechanisms through which they're occurring.

put our hand on着手，了解

5.Subramanian says the study highlights the long-term effects of factors that contribute to development,such as nutrition,literacy and social environment.

contribute to促成，贡献

例句：A quantity of oil supplies contributed to the Blaze.

大量的供油促成烈火。

Every player contributed to the victory.

每位选手对胜利都有贡献。

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