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国际商务英语教程(第三版)翻译

商务英语课文翻译资料

Lesson 1

Modes of International Business国际商业模式

When pursuing international business, private enterprises and governments have to decide how to carry out their business, such as what mode of operation to use. The following shows that a company has a number of modes from which to choose.

在进行国际商务时，民营企业和政府必须决定如何展开他们的业务，比如使用什么操作方式。下面展示了一个公司的一种选择模式。

MERCHANDISE EXPORTS and IMPORTS商品出口和进口

Companies may export or import either goods or services. More companies are involved in exporting and importing than in any other international mode.

公司可以出口和进口任何商品或服务。与其他任何国际模式相比，越来越多的公司参与出口和进口业务。

This is especially true of smaller companies, even though they are less likely than large companies to engage in exporting. ( large companies are also more apt to engage in other forms of foreign operations in addition to exporting and importing. ) merchandise exports are tangible products – goods – sent out of a country ; merchandise imports are goods brought in.

这种情况特别适合于较小的公司，尽管他们不太可能像大公司那样从事出口。（大企业也更容易以其他形式从事出口和进口的海外业务。）商品出口是有形资产–商品–输出到外国的过程;商品进口是商品的引进。

Because these goods can be seen leaving and entering a country , they are sometimes called visible exports and imports. The terms exports and imports frequently apply to merchandise, not service.

因为这些商品可以看做输出和输入到一个国家，它们有时被称为有形出口和进口。这个关于出口和进口的术语通常使用与商品，而不是服务。

When a Chinese contractor sends Phantom Menace action figures from China to the United States, the contractor exports and Hasbro imports. The action figures are exports for China and imports for the United States. For most countries, exporting and importing of goods are the major sources of international revenue and expenditures.

当一个中国承包从中国向美国输出Phantom Menace的人物玩具时,承包商出口和Hasbro进口。这个人物玩具从中国出口和从美国进口。对大部分国家来说,进口和出口商品是国际收入和支出主要来源。

SERVICE EXPORTS and IMPORTS服务出口和进口

Service exports and imports are nonproduct international earnings, the company or individual

receiving payment is making a service export. The company or individual paying is making a service import. Service exports and imports take many forms. In this section, we discuss the following sources of such earnings:

服务出口与进口是无形产品的国际收益,公司或个人收取形成服务出口。公司或者个人支付形成服务进口。服务出口和进口有多种形式。在这一节中,我们讨论如下收益来源: Tourism and transportation Performance of services Use of assets

旅游与交通；服务性支付；可用资产

When Lucasfilm exports films from the United States, the films travel internationally, as do Lucasfilm employees when they go abroad to promote the films. Let`s say that Lucasfilm sends its employees and films to Germany on Lufthansa, a German airline, and the employees stay in Germany for a few days.

当卢卡斯影业从美国出口电影，卢卡斯的员工就要通过国际旅行到国外推销电影电影国际旅行一样。让我们这么说,卢卡斯影业把他们的员工和电影送往德国汉莎航空公司,而员工在德国逗留几天。

Their payments to Lufthansa and thear expenses in Germany are service exports for Germany and service imports for the United States. International tourism and transportation are important sources of revenue for airlines, shipping companies, travel agencies, and hotels. Some countries` economies, too, depend heavily on revenue from these economic sectors.

他们的付款给德国汉莎航空公司的费用在德国是服务出口和在美国是服务的进口。国际旅游、运输收入的重要来源是航空公司、船舶、旅行社、及酒店。某些国家的经济在很大程度上依赖于这些经济部门。

For example, in Greece and Norway, a significant amount of employment, profits, and foreign-exchange earnings comes from foreign cargo that is carried on ships owned by citizens of those countries.

例如,在希腊和挪威,大量的就业、利润以及外汇收入是来自这些国家的公民拥有的船舶进行外国货物的运输。

Earnings from foreign tourism are more important for the Bahamian economy than are earnings from the export of merchandise. Similarly, in recent years the United States gas earned more from foreign tourism than from its exports of agricultural goods.

巴哈马的更重要的经济来源是外国旅游业收入，超过了商品出口。同样，最近几年美国天然气赚取更多的外国旅游而不是农产品的出口。

Performance of Services Some services – anking, insurance, rentals ( sch as of Star Wars films ), engineering management services, and so on – net companies earnings in the form of fees, that is, payments for the performance of those services.

经营银行、保险、租赁（像影片《星球大战》的租赁）、工程、经营管理服务等服务性事业的那些公司净得服务费形式的收入，即对它们完成那些服务性活动所支付的款项。

On an international level, for example, companies pay fees for engineering services that are often handled through turnkey operations – construction, erformed under contract, of facilities that are transferred to the owner when they are ready to egin operating.

例如，从国际角度来看，公司对常常通过统包式业务进行的工程方面的服务支付服务费，而统包式业务就是根据合同进行设施的建造，这些设施在准备开始运转时转移给物主。Companies also pay fees for management contracts –arrangements in which one company provides personnel to perform general or specialized management functions for another company. Disney receives management fees from managing theme parks in France and Japan.

公司还管理合同支付费用- 安排在其中一个公司提供的人员为另一家公司执行一般或专门的管理职能。迪斯尼收取来自法国和日本的管理主题公园管理费。

Use of Assets 资产的使用

When companies allow others to use their assets, such as trademarks, patents, copyrights, or expertise under contracts, also known as licensing agreements, they receive earnings called royalties.

当公司允许他人使用其资产，如商标，专利，版权，或根据合同的专业知识，也被称为许可协议，他们收取所谓的特许权使用费收入。

On an international level, for example, Lucasfilm has licensed The Lego Group from Denmark to use its trademarked Phantom Menace figures in Mindstorm construction toys. Royalties also come from franchise contracts.

在国际层面，例如，卢卡斯电影公司已经授权由丹麦乐高集团使用其注册商标的玩具Phantom Menace。特许权使用费来自特许经营合同。

Franchising is a mode of business in which one party ( the franchisor ) allows another party ( the franchisee ) the use of a trademark that is an essential asset for the franchisee`s business. The franchisor also assists on a continuing basis in the operation of the business, such as by providing components, mangement services, and technology. 特许经营是一种商业模式，在其中一方（特许人）允许另一方（被特许人）商标的使用是一项重要资产，是成为加盟商的业务。特许人在业务继续运作的基础上还协助有关业务操作，如提供组件，管理服务和技术。

Dividends and interest paid on foreign investments are also treated as service exports and imports because they represent the use of assets ( capital ). However, countries treat the investments themselves separately in the international economic statistics they report.红利和外国投资的利息也被当作服务出口和进口因为它们代表使用资产(资金)。然而,国家的投资分别对应本国在国际经济统计数字的报告。

INVESTMENTS投资

Foreign investment means ownership of foreign property in exchange for financial return, such as interest and dividends. Foreign investment takes two forms: direct and portfolio外国投资意

味着拥有外国资产的所有权,以换取经济回报,如利息和红利。外商投资以两种形式:直接投资和有价证券。

Direct Investment 直接投资

A direct investment is one that gives the investor a controlling interest in a foreign company. Such a direct investment is also a foreign direct investment ( FDI ). Control need not be a 100-percent or even a 50-percent interest.

直接投资是指投资者拥有一家外国公司的控股权。这样的直接投资也是一种外国直接投资（FDI）。控制权不一定是百分之百，甚至是百分之五十的股份。

If a company holds a minority stake and the remaining ownership is widely dispersed, no other owner may be able to counter the company effectively. When two or more companies share ownership of an FDI, the operation is a joint venture. When a government joins a company in an FDI, the operation is called a mixed venture, which is a type of joint venture.

如果一个公司拥有少数股权,其余的所有权是分散的,没有任何其他的业主可以对公司有效控制。则两家以上的公司的股权的外国投资操作合资企业。当政府加入一个公司能够掌控外国直接投资,操作所说的混合风险,它是一种合资企业。

Companies may choose FDI as a mode to access certain resources or reach a market.

公司可以选择外国直接投资的一种模式用以接收特定资源或获得市场。

Today, about 60,000 companies worldwide have FDIs that encompass every type of business function –extracting raw materials from the earth, growing crops, manufacturing products or components, selling output, providing various services, and so on.

现今，全世界约60 000家公司拥有对外直接投资，它们的这些投资包括各种经营的业务，像从陆地采掘原料、种植庄稼、制造产品或零部件、销售产品及提供各种服务等。FDI is not the domain of large companies only. For example, many small firms maintain sales offices abroad to complement their export efforts, which are FDI along with the real estate they own abroad. However because large companies tend to have larger foreign facilities and operate in more countries, the value of their FDI is higher.

外国直接投资不是只有大公司。例如，许多小公司保持销售办事处，在国外，以补充其出口的空间，这是伴随着他们自己的海外房地产的外国直接投资。但是，由于大公司往往有较大的外国设施和经营在更多的国家，其外国直接投资价值较高。

Porfolio Investment 有价证券投资

A portfolio investment is a noncontrolling interest in a company or ownership of a loan to another party. Usually a portfolio investment takes one of two forms: stock in a company or loans to a company or country in the form of bonds, or notes that the investor purchases.

一有价证券投资是一个公司贷款所有权转让给其他当事人控制性权益。通常有价证券投资有两种形式:一个公司的股票和借款或国家债券以票据形式向投资者出售。

Foreign portfolio investments are important for most companies that have extensive international

operations. Companies use them primarily for short-term financial gain, that is, as a means for a company to earn more money on its money with relative safety. Company treasurers routinely move funds among countries to get higher yields on shortterm investments.

外国有价证券投资对大多数公司是重要的,这些公司有一般有广泛的国际业务。公司主要是利用他们从事短期经济利益,作为一种手段为公司去赚更多的相对安全的钱。公司的财务人员经常将资金通过在国家间短期投资得到更高的收益

INTERNATIONAL COMPANIES and TERMS to DESCRIBE THEM国际公司和描述术语

Many of the terms in international business are confusing because writers, both in the popular media and in governmental ad academic reports, use them to define different things.

在国际业务中许多条款因为书写方式而混乱，，无论是在大众媒体和广告的学术报告还是政府，用它们来定义不同的事物。

There are numerous ways that companies may work together in international operations, such as through joint ventures, licensing, management contracts, minority ownership in each other`s company, or long-term contractual arrangements. An all-encompassing term to describe these operations is collaborative arrangements.

有许多方法，企业可以一起进行国际业务，如通过合资，许可证，管理合同，对于少数的公司，可安排长期合同。一个包罗万象的术语来描述这些行动就是安排合作。Another term, strategic alliance, can sometimes mean the same things, but more narrowly – to indicate an agreement that is of critical importance to the competitive viability of one or more partners.

另一个专门名词―战略同盟‖有时可指同一事件，但含义更为狭隘，它指一项对一个或更多经营伙伴的竞争上的生命力极为重要的协议。

We shall use strategic alliance only in its narrower meaning.

更狭隘的意义是我们将使用较窄的战略同盟。

The multinational enterprise ( MNE ) is a company that takes a global approach to foreign markets and production. It is willing to consider market and production locations anywhere in the world. The true MNE usually uses most of the modes discussed so far.

多国企业（跨国公司）公司是指全球性，可以对一个外国市场和生产。它原意考虑在世界市场和生产场所的任何地方。真正的跨国公司通常采用到目前为止讨论的模式。However, it can be difficult to determine whether a company takes this global approach, so narrower definitions of the term multinational enterprise have emerged. For example, some say a company, to qualify as an MNE, must have production facilities in some minimum number of countries or be of a certain size ( usually in terms of sales ). Under this definition, an MNE usually would have to be a giant company.

然而,很难决定公司采取这个全球性的定义,所以较窄的跨国企业的术语层出不穷。例

如,一些人认为一个公司,拥有跨国公司资格,必须在一些国家具有一定规模生产设施或最低数量(通常以销售额计算)。在这个定义,一个跨国公司通常是指一个巨大规模的公司。However, a small company also can take a global approach within its resource capabilities and might use most of the operating forms we have discussed; therefore, most writers today use the term to include any company that has operations in more than one country.

可是，一家小型公司也能在它的资源能力范围内采取一种全球性的方法，而且可能采用我们已经论述的大多数经营方式。因此，现今大多数作者所使用的这个专门名词，都包括任何一家在超过一个国家中拥有经营活动的公司。

The term multinational corporation ( MNC ) is also commonly used in the international business arena and often is a synonym for MNE. We prefer the MNE designation because there are many internationally involved companies, such as accounting partnerships, that are not organized as corporations. Another term sometimes used interchangeably with MNE, especially by the United Nations, is transnational company ( TNC ).

多国公司（跨国公司）一词也常用在国际商业舞台上，往往是跨国公司的代名词。我们更喜欢跨国公司的指定，因为有很多国际的公司，如合作伙伴关系，是不是公司组织的。另一个词有时可以与跨国公司互换使用，尤其是由联合国，是跨国公司（跨国公司）。However, this term also has two other meanings. The first ( and earliest ) is a company owned and managed by nationals in different countries. For example, Royal Dutch Shell is a company whose owners and corporate management are split between the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. However, this type of company is uncommon, so we don`t often use the term in this way. Today, the most common use of the term has come from writers on international business strategy.

然而，这个术语也有两个其他的意义。第一个（最早）是一个拥有并在不同国家的国民托管公司。例如，荷兰皇家壳牌公司，其业主和企业管理不和导致分成英国公司和荷兰公司。然而，这种类型的公司并不常见，所以我们不经常使用这种术语。今天，这个词最常出现在国际化经营战略中。

They use the term to maen an organization in which capabilities and contributions may differ by country but are developed and integrated into its worldwide operations.

他们使用这个专门名词来说明，一家经营机构的能力和贡献可能在不同国家之间有区别，但已发展和融入其全球性的经营活动。

This type of organization learns from all its operating environments and uses that knowledge throughout its global operations.

这种组织学习的类型在其全球业务利用所有操作的环境和知识。Companies with international operations can be global or multidomestic. A global company, sometimes called a globally integrated company, integrates its operations that are located in different countries.

进行国际业务的公司可以是跨全球或跨本国的。一个全球性公司，有时也被称为全球

性的综合公司，它在不同的国家设有业务。For example, it might design a product or service with a global market segment in mind. Or it might depend on its operations in different countries to produce the components used in its products and services. In this type of company, the development of capabilities and the decisions to diffuse them globally are essentially made in the company`s home country.

例如，它可以设计一个具有全球考虑市场的产品或服务。或者，它可能取决于不同国家生产其产品和服务所使用的组件在其业务。在这个公司，基本上在该公司的总部运用决策的能力和发展型向全球扩散。

A multidomestic company, sometimes called a locally responsive company and sometimes a multinational company, allows each of its foreign-country operations to act fairly independently, such as by designing and producing a product or service in France for the French market and in Japan for the Japanese market.

一个跨本国公司,有时被称为一种本地公司,有时一家跨国公司,允许它的各个外国公司操作的行为又相当独立,如如通过设计和生产的产品或服务在法国为了法国市场，在日本为了日本市场。

Thus a global company and a multidomestic company differ in the degree of integration among company operations in defferent countries. However, a company`s operations may be global, while its marketing is multidomestic.

因此，一个全球性公司和跨本国公司不同点在于公司之间的一体化程度不同模式下运作。然而，公司的业务可能是全球性的，而它的营销是国内性的。

The TNC is like the global company in that it leverages the capabilities of both the home country and the foreign countries where it operates, but its main location of power within the organization may be geographically dispersed.

跨国公司和全球公司相似之处在于它们在其经营所在的本国和外国举债经营潜力的开发，但它们的经营机构内力量的主要所在地在地理位置上可能是分散的。

Lesson 3

The Importance of International Trade to Economic Development 国际贸易对经济发展的重要性

Trade as an engine of growth贸易是经济增长的引擎

During the nineteenth century, most of the word’s modern industrial production was concen trated in great Britain. Large increases in industrial production and population in resource-poor Britain led to a rapidly rising demand for the food and raw material exports of the regions of recent settlement (the United States, Canada, Australia,New Zealand, Argentina, Uruguay, and South Africa).Fox example ,during the century from 1815 to 1913,Britai n’s population tripled , its real GNP increased 10 times ,and the volume of its imports increased 20 times, This growth spread to the rest of the economy of these newly settled lands through the familiar accelerator multiplier process. Tues , The export sector was the leading sector that propelled these economies into rapid growth and development .That is ,international trade functioned as an engine of growth for these nations during the nineteenth century.

在19世纪，这个词的现代工业生产中的浓度trated在英国。在资源贫乏的英国工业生产和人口的大量增加导致的需求迅速上升，近期结算的地区（美国，加拿大，澳大利亚，新西兰，阿根廷，乌拉圭和南非的食品和原料出口）。福克斯例如，在本世纪的1815年至1913年，英国人口的三倍，其真正的国民生产总值增加了10倍，其进口量增加20倍，这种增长扩散到这些新定居的土地经济的其余部分通过熟悉油门乘数效应。周二，出口部门的主导部门，推动这些国家的经济进入快速增长和发展，也就是说，这些国家在19世纪，国际贸易作为经济增长的引擎。

The regions of recent settlement were able to satisfy Britain’s burgeoning demand for food and raw materials (and in the process grow very rapidly ) because of several favorable circumstances .First ,these countries were richly endowed with natural resources such as fertile arable land, forests, and mineral deposits . second, workers with various skills moved in great waves from overpopulated Europe to these mostly empty lands, and so did huge amounts of capital. Though data are far from precise, it seems that from 30 to 50 percent of total capital formation ( i. e ., investments) in such nations as Canada, Argentina, and Australia was financed through capital inflows .the huge inflows of capital and workers made possible the construction of railroads , canals , and other facilities that allowed the opening up of new supply sources of food and raw materials . Finally, the great improvement in sea transportation enabled these new lands to satisfy the rising demand for wheat, corn ,cotton ,wool , leather, and a variety of other foods and raw materials more cheaply than traditional sources of supply in Europe and elsewhere.

Thus ,all ―ingredients‖ were present for rapid growth in these new lands: the demand for their products was rising rapidly; they had great and unexploited natural resources; and they received huge amounts of capital and millions of workers from Europe . To be sure ,there are some economists who believe that rapid growth of the regions of recent settlement during the nineteenth century was due primarily to very favorable internal conditions (such as abundant natural resources) , with trade playing only an important supportiverole. Be that as it may ,it is generally agreed that today’s developing nations can rely much less on trade for their growth and development . This is due to less favorable demand and supply conditions.

该地区最近的结算是能，以满足英国的新兴需求的食品及其原料（和在这个过程中成长非常迅速），因为几个有利的情况下。首先，这些国家被丰富的赋予与天然资源，如肥沃的耕地土地，森林，矿藏。第二，具有多种技能的工人移动波澜从人口过剩的欧洲到这些大部分是空的土地，所以没有大量的资金。尽管数据很不精确，似乎从30％到50％的资本形成总额（即投资），加拿大，阿根廷和澳大利亚等国家的资金通过资本流入的大量流入的资本和工人建设的铁路，运河和其他设施，允许开放的食品和原材料的新供应来源。最后，极大地提高了海上运输，使这些新的土地，以满足不断增长的需求，对小麦，玉米，棉花，羊毛，皮革，以及各种其他食品及原料成本比传统的在欧洲和其他地区的供应来源。因此，所有的―成分‖的快速增长，这些新的土地为他们的产品的需求迅速上升，他们有伟大的，未开发的自然资源，以及来自欧洲，他们收到了大量的资金和数以百万计的工人。可以肯定的是，也有一些经济学家相信近期结算的地区在十九世纪的快速增长，主要是由于非常有利的内部条件（如拥有丰富的天然资源），只打了一个重要的supportiverole与贸易。，因为它可能普遍认为，今天的发展中国家可以为他们的成长和发展贸易的依赖要少得多。这是由于有利的需求和供给条件。

On the demand side, it is pointed out that the demand for food and raw materials is growing much less rapidly today than was the case for the regions of recent settlement during the

nineteenth century . There are several reasons for this:在需求方面，它指出，食品和原材料的需求要少得多迅速增长的今天比的情况下，在19世纪该地区最近的结算。有几个方面的原因：

(1)The income elasticity of demand in developed nations for many of the food and agricultural raw material exports of developing nations is less ( and sometimes much less ) than 1,so that as income rises in developed nations ,their demand for the agricultural exports of developing nations increases proportionately less than the increase in income .For example, the income elasticity of demand for coffee is about 0.8 , for cocoa 0.5, for sugar 0.4, and for tea 0.1.(2)The development of synthetic substitutes has reduced the demand for natural raw materials; for example , synthetic rubber has reduced the demand for natural rubber, nylon the demand for cotton ,and plastics the demand for hides and skins .(3)Technological advances have reduced the raw-material content of many products, such as tin-plated cans and microcircuits (4) The output of services (with lower raw material requirements than commodities ) has grown faster than the output of commodities in developed nations. (5) Developed nations have imposed trade restrictions on many temperate exports (such as wheat ,vegetables ,sugar ,oils ,and other products) of developing nations.

（1）在发达国家，许多发展中国家的食品和农业原材料的出口需求的收入弹性是小于（有时要少得多）大于1，所以，随着收入的增加在发达国家，他们的需求的农产品出口发展中国家的增长比例小于收入的增加。例如，咖啡需求的收入弹性约为0.8，0.5可可，糖0.4，茶0.1（2）的合成替代品的发展，减少了天然原料的需求，例如，合成橡胶的需求减少天然橡胶，尼龙对棉花的需求，和塑料皮革和毛皮的需求。（3）技术进步降低了原材料的含量，许多产品，（4）如镀锡罐和微电路的输出服务（降低原材料的要求比商品）的增长速度比发达国家的商品输出。（5）发达国家实行贸易限制在许多温带出口的（如小麦，蔬菜，糖，油及其他产品）的开发中国家。

On the supply side , most of today’s developing nations are much less well endowed with natural resources (except for petroleum-exporting nations) than were the regions of recent settlement during the ninet eenth century . In addition , most of today’s developing nations are overpopulated, so that most of any increase in their output of food and raw materials is absorbed domestically rather than exported. Furthermore , the international flow of capital to developing nations today is relatively much less than it was in the nineteenth century , and today’s developing nations seem also to face an outflow of skilled labor rather than an inflow . Finally ,it is also true that until recently , developing nations have somewhat neglected their agriculture in favor of more rapid industrialization, thereby hampering their export (and development ) prospects.

在供给方面，今天的大多数发展中国家都少得多拥有丰富的天然资源（石油出口国除外）相比，近期结算的地区在十九世纪。此外，今天的大多数发展中国家的人口过密，使大部分的任何增加他们的食品和原材料的输出被吸收国内，而不是出口。此外，国际资本

流向发展中国家今天是相对少得多比它在19世纪，今天的发展中国家似乎也面临熟练劳动力的流出而不是流入。最后，也是如此，直到最近，发展中国家在一定程度上忽略了他们的农业有利于更快速的工业化，从而阻碍了其出口和发展前景。

The contributions of Trade to Development 贸易发展的贡献

Even though international trade cannot in general be expected to be an ―engine of growth‖ today , there are still many ways (besides the static gains from comparative advantage ) in which it can contribute to the economic development of today’s developing nations . One economist has pointed out the following important beneficial effects that international trade can have on economic development (1) Trade can lead to the full utilization of otherwise underemployed domestic resources. That is , through trade , a developing nation can move from an inefficient production point inside its production frontier , with unutilized resources because of insufficient internal demand ,to a point on its production frontier with trade . For such a nation , trade would represent a vent for surplus, or an outlet for its potential surplus of agricultural commodities and raw materials .This has indeed occurred in many developing nations ,particularly those in Southeast Asia and West Africa.

尽管国际贸易不能在一般情况下是一个―增长引擎‖今天，仍然有很多的方式（除了静态比较优势的收益），它可以在今天的发展中国家的经济发展做出贡献。一位经济学家指出了以下几个重要的有利影响，国际贸易对经济发展（1）应收账款可能会导致其他就业不足的国内资源的充分利用。也就是说，通过贸易，发展中国家可以从一个低效率的生产点内的生产前沿，未动用的资源，因为内需不足，其生产与贸易前沿上的一个点。对于这样一个国家，贸易盈余，或代表一个发泄其潜在过剩的农产品和原料出口在许多发展中国家，特别是那些在东南亚和西非。这确实发生了。

In addition,(2)by expanding the size of the market, trade makes possible division of labor and economies of scale. This is especially important and has actually taken place in the production of light manufactures in such small economic units as Taiwan, Hong Kong ,and Singapore .(3)International trade is the vehicle for the transmission of new ideas ,new technology ,and new managerial and other skills .(4)Trade also stimulates and facilitates the international flow of capital from developed to developing nations. In the case of direct foreign investments ,where the foreign firm retains managerial control over its investment, the foreign capital is likely to be accompanied by foreign skilled personnel to operate it .(There is ,however, a great deal of controversy surrounding the costs and benefits of foreign capital to the developing host nation.) (5)In several large developing nations .such as Brazil and India ,the importation of new manufactured products has stimulated domestic demand until efficient domestic production of these good became feasible .Finally,(6)international trade is an excellent antimonopoly weapon (when allowed to operate ) because it stimulates greater efficiency by domestic producers to meet foreign competition . This is particularly important to keep low the cost and price of intermediate or semifinished products used as inputs in the domestic production of other

commodities

此外，（2）的市场规模不断扩大，贸易使劳动分工和规模经济。这是特别重要的，实际上已经发生了光的生产制造商，在台湾，香港，新加坡这样的小经济单位。（3）国际贸易是传输的新思路，新技术和新的管理工具和其他技能。（4）应收账款也刺激和促进从发达国家向发展中国家的国际资本流动。在外商直接投资，外国公司保留对投资的管理控制的情况下，外资可能伴随着由外国技术人员来操作它。（然而，有一个很大的争议周围的成本，外资对发展中东道国国家。）（5）在一些发展中的大国，如巴西和印度，工业新产品的进口，刺激国内需求，直到这些良好的有效的国内生产变得可行。最后，（6 ）国际贸易是一个很好的反垄断武器（当操作），因为它刺激更高的效率由国内生产，以满足国外的竞争。这是特别重要的是要保持较低的投入在国内生产的其他商品的成本和价格使用中间或半成品的同样令人印象深刻的所谓的有害影响的贸易。

Critics of international trade can match this impressive list of benefit with an equally impressive list of the allegedly harmful effect of trade. However, since a developing nation can refuse to trade .However , since a developing nation can refuse to trade if it gains nothing or loses, the presumption is that it must also gain from trade .It is true that when most of the gains from trade accrue .to developed nations, there is a great deal of dissatisfaction and justification for demands to rectify the situation, but this should not be construed to mean that trade is actually harmful .One can ,of course , always find cases where ,on balance , international trade may actually have hampered economic development . However, in most cases it can be expected to provide invaluable assistance to the development process .This has been confirmed empirically by many researchers ,including this author .Even China ,which for security and ideological reasons strove for self-sufficiency during most of the postwar period, has recently come to appreciate the contribution that trade can make to its growth and development and is indeed now reaping major benefits from international trade –and so do the former communist countries of Eastern Europe and the republics of the former Soviet Union after their fall.

国际贸易的批评可以匹配这个令人印象深刻的利益。但是，由于发展中国家可以拒绝交易，但是，因为一个发展中的国家可以拒绝交易如果获得或失去的假设是，它也必须从贸易中获利，这是事实，当大部分的贸易收益累积。发达国家，有大量的不满和理由要求纠正的情况，但是这不应该被理解为贸易实际上是有害的，其中一个，当然，总是可以找到案件，总的来说，国际贸易实际上却可能阻碍了经济的发展。然而，在大多数情况下，它可以预期的发展过程提供了宝贵的援助。经验也证实了这许多研究人员，包括作者，即使是中国，这对于安全和意识形态的原因，在战后的大部分时间争取自给自足期间，近日来欣赏贸易的增长和发展作出的贡献，确实是现在从国际贸易中获得重大利益，这样做对东欧和前苏联各共和国的前共产主义国家，他们跌倒后。

International Trade and New Theories of Endogenous Growth国际贸易新理论的内生增长Recent developments in the theory of endogenous growth ,starting with Romer (1986) and

Lucas (1989),provide a more convincing and rigorous theoretical basis for the relationship between international trade and long-run economic growth and development . Specifically ,the new theory of endogenous economic growth postulates that lowering trade barriers will speed up the rate economic growth and development in the long run by (1) allowing developing nations to absorb the technology developed in advanced nations at a faster rate than with a lower degree of openness ,(2) increasing the benefits that flow from research and development (RD)，（3）leading to larger economies of scale in production,(4)reducing price ,distortions and leading to a more efficient use of domestic resources across sectors ,and (5) encouraging greater specialization and more efficiency in the production of intermediate inputs. To be sure , many of these ways by which freer trade can stimulate growth and development had been recognized earlier . The new theory of endogenous growth, however , probes deeper and seeks to spell out more rigorously and in greater detail the actual channels or the ways by which lower trade barriers can stimulate growth in the long run . Previous theorizing was much more casual and less rigorous.

最近的事态发展的内生经济增长理论，罗默（1986）和Lucas（1989）开始，提供一个更有说服力和严谨的理论基础，为国际贸易和长期的经济增长和发展之间的关系。具体来说，新的内生经济增长理论假设，降低贸易壁垒将加快率的经济增长和发展，从长远来看，（1）使发展中国家吸收先进国家的技术开发，以更快的速度，以较低的开放的程度，（2）增加，流量研究和开发（RD），（3）导致较大的经济规模生产，降低价格，扭曲（4）更有效地利用国内资源和领导跨部门，（5）鼓励更大程度的专业化和更有效率的生产中间投入。可以肯定的是，这些更自由的贸易可以刺激经济增长和发展的方法，使许多已被确认。新的内生增长理论，但是，更深入，试图勾勒出更严格和更详细的实际渠道或方式降低贸易壁垒可以刺激经济增长，从长远来看。前的理论变得更加随意和不那么严格。

Lesson 4

Nontatiff Barriers to Trade 贸易的非关税壁垒

The principles of the benefits of free trade are well known but are less widely accpeted in practice. Yet every nation in the world acts to impede the free flow of trade . As barriers to trade are a fact of the internationl economic environment, international manager must be knowledgeable about their causes and impacts on international operations. They must consider theses when making strategic and tactical decisions.Manager concerned about the effect of trade restrictions on their business operations can also act to change and shape their environment by lobbing government to raise or lower barriers to trade.

自由贸易的好处的原则是众所周知的，但较少被广泛接受的做法。然而，每一个国家在世界上的作用是阻碍贸易的自由流通。随着贸易壁垒的国际经济环境中的事实，国际经理必须了解其原因和对国际业务的影响。制定战略和战术decisions.Manager关心他们的业务经营贸易限制的影响时也可以起到改变和高球政府提高或降低贸易障碍，塑造他们的环境中，他们必须考虑的论文。

The economic effects of NTBs to trade are roughly similar to those of tariffs; that is, they are inefficient distortions which reduce potential gains from trade. There is a wide range of NTBs. Nations have resorted to them more frequently for protection in lieu of tariffs.for example , the average U.S.tariff rate was reduced from an alltime high of 60 percent in 1932 to 12 to 15 percent during the 20 years following World War II to about 5 percent by 1980. Nontariff barriers remained largely intact until the 1970s, when their use increased. The Tokyo Round of the GA TT negotiations devoted considerable attention to reducing NTBs . The negotiations listed over 800 NTBs uesd by the ,member countries.

非关税壁垒的经济效应进行交易大致相似的关税，也就是说，它们是低效率的扭曲现象，这减少贸易的潜在收益。有一个广泛的非关税壁垒。国家已经代替tariffs.for例子使出他们更频繁地进行保护，平均UStariff率从60％在1932年的ALLTIME高在20年第二次世界大战后降低到12％到15％至约5％到了1980年。非关税壁垒基本保持不变，直到20世纪70年代，当它们的使用增加。东京回合关贸总协定的谈判相当注意减少非关税壁垒。在谈判中列出了800非关税壁垒的，成员国经开盖。

Some of the NTBs were not imposed by nations deliberately to interfere with trade. Some times they are arose out of domestic policy and economic management. Examples include tax breaks to reduce regional income disparities or regulations designed to increase local purchasing or employment. Theses then resulted in a type of indirect export subsidy. Yet other NTBs are more blatant devices which restrict imports or foster exports.

一些非关税壁垒并非由国家规定故意妨碍贸易。有些时候，他们都产生于国内政策和经济管理。例子包括税收减免，以减少设计，以增加本地采购或就业地区间收入差距或法规。论文则导致一种类型的间接出口补贴。不过，其他非关税壁垒是其限制进口或者出口的促进更明目张胆的设备。

The most frequently used NTBs are now discussed in more detail.

最经常使用的非关税壁垒正在更详细地讨论。

Quotas配额制

Historically, the GATT has prohibited import quotas except on agricultural products, as emergency measures, or when a country has short-run balance of payments problems.ountries have circumvented this regulation most notably for textiles, footwear, and automobiles by negotiating ―voluntary export restraint agreements.‖ In general，business would rather be protected by quotas than tariffs. Under quotas，if future domestic demand is known，business can subtract the quota and have a reasonable idea of their future production levels. Under tariffs，domestic producers must estimate the elasticity of the demand curve for imported products and the future movements in world prices. On the other hand，if domestic demand declines（as it has for autos，textiles，and footwear），a fixed quota will take up a larger percent of the depressed domestic market，whereas under a tariffs domestic producers are largely unaffected.

从历史上看，关贸总协定已禁止进口配额，除了农产品，作为应急措施，或当一个国家有支付的短期平衡问题.一些国家已通过谈判―自愿出口限制规避本条最值得注意的是纺织品，鞋类和汽车协议。―一般来说，企业宁愿受配额比关税保护。根据配额，如果未来国内需求是已知的，企业可以减去配额，并有自己的未来生产水平的一个合理的想法。在关税，国内生产企业必须估计对进口产品和未来走势的世界价格需求曲线的弹性。在另一方面，如果国内需求下降（因为它有汽车，纺织，鞋类），一个固定的配额将占用低迷的国内市场的较大百分比，而下一个关税国内生产商基本上不受影响。

“Buy National” Restrictions国家采购限制

―Buy national‖ regulations require national governments to give preference to domestic producers, sometimes to the complete exclusion of foreign firms. This NTB has been particularly irksome to American businesspeople since in the United States the telephone，telegraph，electricity generation and transmission，airline，and railroad industries are privately owned（and open to bids from importers）while they are government-owned in most of the United States’ trading partners（and closed to American bids）.This market for American exports was estimated at $50 billion per year. On the other hand，the US has a wide rang of ―buy American‖ regulations at the national and state levels which national defense is sometimes limited to American producers or requires a high price discount below the US price for foreign suppliers.

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商务英语翻译测试题及答案

商务英语翻译测试题及答案集团档案编码：[YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08]

I. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the meanings of words italicized.(15%) 1. The above quoted are the articles in great demand, which have won a high reputation in various markets. 2. The articles in this agreement must not be modified and ended

without the agreement by the both parties. 3. However, the tariff should not be greater in amount than the margin of price caused by dumping. 4. As usual, the lion’s share of the budget is for defense. 5. He once again imparted to us his great knowledge, experience and wisdom.

II. Translate the following sentences with extension.(15%) 1. There is a mixture of the tiger and ape in the character of Hitler. 2.China, which posted its highest growth rate in a decade, is Asia’s new star performer. 3. John took to his studies eagerly, and proved an adept pupil.

汉英翻译基础教程期末考试总结

第三章名词的抽象和具体译法第一节名词的抽象译法(p68) 粗枝大叶to be crude and careless (with big branches and large leaves) 海阔天空to talk with random( with a vast sea and boundless sky) 灯红酒绿dissipated and luxurious (with red lights and green wine) 纸醉金迷of life of luxury and dissipation (with drunken paper and bewitched gold) 单枪匹马to be single-handed in doing sth (with a solitary spear and a single horse) 赤胆忠心ardent loyalty (with red gut and heart) 无孔不入to take advantage of every weakness (to get into every hole) 扬眉吐气to feel proud and elated (to raise the eyebrows and let out a breath) 开门见山to come straight to the point (to open the door and see the mountain) 大张旗鼓on a large and spectacular scale (to make a great array of flags and drums) 风雨飘摇(of a situation) being unstable (the wind and rain are rocking) 二．翻译下列句子（1）这是他们夫妻之间的事情，你去插一脚干吗？ That’s a business of their own, between husband and wife. Why should you get involved in? （2）别人家里鸡零狗碎的事情你都知道得这么全，真是个顺风耳啊！ You know all the bits and pieces of trifles of other families. You are really well informed. （3）这消息让我出了一身冷汗。 I’m extremely terrified by the news. （4）她毛遂自荐来这所小学做老师。 She volunteered for the teaching post in this primary school. （5）我不敢班门弄斧，诚望您发表高见。 I dare not show off in the presence of（在……面前）an expert. I hope you would be kind enough to enlighten（启发，启蒙）us on this matter. （6）敌军闹得全村鸡犬不宁。 The enemy troops threw the whole village into great disorder. （7）敌军军官听说后路已被切断，吓得目瞪口呆。 The enemy officer was stunned by the news that the route of retreat had been cut off. （8）这些问题盘根错节，三言两语说不清楚。 These problems are too complicated to be explained clearly in a few words.

商务英语翻译课程教学大纲

商务英语翻译课程教学大纲课程编码：课程性质：专业方向课课时： 36（20+16）学分：2 开课学期：第5学期先修课程：基础英语适用专业：商务英语专业课程简介：《商务英语翻译》课程是为培养“英语+专业”的应用型涉外人才而设置，从英汉两种语言在表达上的差异入手，旨在通过向学生传授基本的翻译理论和技巧，并结合大量的实践训练，培养学生的翻译能力，从而提高其英语综合运用能力，并使学生能够胜任国际贸易中出现的各类实用文体以及简单的文字翻译工作。一、课程教学目标本课程以培养学生的翻译能力为目标，旨在使商务英语专业学生掌握和运用一些基本的翻译理论；能够在一些参考书的辅助下，熟练翻译名片、商标、标识、公司简介、产品说明、广告等商务英语方面的资料；能够掌握常见的组织机构的翻译方式；能够运用所学翻译技巧熟练翻译各类公关文稿；能够正确翻译商务信函和单证材料；能够正确熟练翻译各种常见商务报告，译文达意，格式恰当；能够辨识一些商务文本存在的翻译问题和错误。在大量实例训练中锻炼学生在商务语境下有效进行英汉、汉英互译、正确传达信息、顺畅开展交流的能力。二、课程重点、难点该课程教学重点是英语商务文本汉译的基本知识、理论和方法，难点是专业外贸知识及专业术语；跨文化交际理论与实践三、整体课时分配

四、课程内容安排（一）Unit1 Business Cards 主要内容：英汉名片的互译、设计和正确运用中英文商务名片、商务英语翻译中遵循正确的翻译原则教学要求：帮助学生初步了解商务名片的互译特点与原则其它教学环节：案例教学（二）Unit 2 Signs 主要内容：商务环境中的常见中英文标识、中英文标识的语言特点及其常见翻译技巧教学要求：帮助学生了解商务环境中的常见中英文标识，掌握常见翻译技巧重点、难点：商务环境中的直译法和意译法其它教学环节：情景教学（三）Unit 3 Trademarks 主要内容：识别中英文商标、商标的翻译、转译法教学要求：帮助学生了解中英文商标的翻译重点、难点：商标翻译中的转译法其它教学环节：案例教学（四）Unit 4 Organizations 主要内容：识别组织机构名称、外来词翻译法教学要求：帮助学生了解商务环境下常见的组织机构名称与外来词翻译重点、难点：织机构名称其它教学环节：交互教学（五）Unit 5 Company Introductions 主要内容：公司简介翻译教学要求：帮助学生掌握被动语态、名词从句、定语从句、状语从句和长句的拆合、转译。重点、难点：长句的拆译，各类从句的转译其它教学环节：案例教学（六）Unit 6 Product Descriptions & Advertisement 主要内容：产品介绍的翻译和广告教学要求：帮助学生掌握运用反译法进行英汉互译重点、难点：反译法其它教学环节：案例教学（七）Unit 7 Business Contracts 主要内容：商务合同的翻译教学要求：帮助学生掌握商务合同常见术语和句式、正确翻译常见合同文本、长句的处理重点、难点：商务合同常见术语和句式其它教学环节：案例教学五、教材与学习资源 1. 教材：谢金领.《世纪商务英语翻译教程》.大连理工大学出版社，2009. 2. 主要参考资料：张新红等.《商务英语翻译》.高等教育出版社，2004.

汉英翻译基础教程第1章练习参考答案

第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译第一节翻译中的选义一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文 1. b 2. a 3. b 4. a 二、译出下列词语，注意词语的不同搭配 1． a swarm of bees a brood of chickens a litter of pups 2. a bevy of beautiful ladies a pack of hounds a team of ducks a herd of antelopes 3. unfailing support proactive fiscal policy make effective use of overseas resources 4. make a phone call take a taxi knit a woolen sweater fetch water play basketball spray insecticide 5. basic wage capital construction essential commodity primary industry fundamental interest 三、翻译下列句子，注意画线词语的理解 1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern 2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public. 3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan. 4. Everyone complained against such a practice. 5. They had a dispute at the meeting. 6. You should follow the doctor's advice. 7. They reached a consensus on this issue. 8. There is still some unfinished business to settle. 9. We have consulted him about the matter. 10. Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now 第二节翻译中的选词一、翻译下列各句，注意词的选择和搭配。 1. That depends upon circumstances. 2. This state of affairs must be changed. 3. How do matters stand with them?

商务英语翻译实训总结

商务英语翻译实训总结商务英语翻译实训总结更广泛的关注，高职商务英语翻译实训课程便位列其中。一、翻译实训课的重要性实训课作为实践性课程的重要组成部分，对高职教育来说自然非常重要。与普通高等教育相比，高职教育更加重视培养实用型、应用型的人才。实训课程即为实现这一培养目标的重要途径之一。杨国祥，丁钢总结了高职课程建设的基本原则，其中即有突出实践教学的原则。[1](P223)同时，高职教育较普通高等教育而言更强调培养学生的动手实践能力，有人也称高职教育为就业教育。因此，尽快缩短学生进入工作角色的周期就成为高职教育的一个重要目标。设置一些实践性的课程，比如实训课，就有助于实现这一目标。[2](P49)翻译课本身即是实践性非常强的课程，如果没有大量的实际操练和训练，就容易偏于理论而失去其应有的实践性意义。相反，只有通过大量的笔译和口译实操，在训练的过程中发现并帮助解决学生存在的问题，同时补充一些做好翻译所必需的方法、技巧，如笔译中长句的断句技巧、主动语态与被动语态的互变、增词译法、减词译法，口译中的顺译技巧、焊接技巧、拆句技巧、合句技巧、耽搁翻译、预判技巧等，才能让高职商务英语专业的学生更快地掌握翻译技巧和方法，提高翻译能力，从而增强其就业竞争力。二、高职商务英语翻译实训课现状尽管翻译实训课非常重要，但是高职商务英语翻译实训课目前却表现出发展极其不均衡的状况。1.就重视程度而言，一些院校非常重视，不仅开设翻译实训课，有些还专门建立了翻译实训室。然而，很多高职院校的商务英语专业不重视

或不够重视翻译实训课的建设，只是在翻译课中加一些练习。究其原因，一方面可能是财力、物力等方面有所局限;另一方面，则可能是主观上不够重视，有些院校则根本不设置翻译课和翻译实训课。2.在开设了翻译实训课的院校中，也存在着各种各样的问题。 (1)师资问题教授翻译实训课的教师必须要有翻译知识背景，要了解基本的翻译理论、技巧、方法等，同时最好有商务实践背景。现实情况却是，有些院校的商务翻译实训课是由纯语言学背景但无翻译背景的教师来教授的，有些则由有实践经验但缺乏必需的翻译理论、方法、技巧的教师任教。结果自然都无法令人满意。 (2)翻译实训课的课时不足有些院校也开设翻译实训课，但课时却严重不足，导致的结果是教师的讲授和学生的练习均无法达到令人满意的效果。 (3)缺乏好的翻译实训课教材教材对教学活动的重要性不言而喻。实训教材包括实训教学大纲、实训指导书、实训教学文字材料、实训教学软件、实训教学音像材料等。[3](P48)市面上缺乏此类翻译实训课教材，因此在教授翻译实训课时只能选择一些翻译教程为教材。如此一来，教学效果肯定会受到很大影响。 (4)实训室和实训基地缺乏或数量不足实训室和实训基地对于实训教学的重要性不言而喻，商务英语翻译实训亦是如此。但现实情况却是很多院校根本没有商务英语翻译实训室和实训基地。 (5)校企联合、产学研开展不够在实训教学中，校企联合、产学研等都起着举足轻重的作用。据笔者较为详尽的调查，这一块的现状总体也无法令人满意。

第2章汉英翻译基础知识(新编汉英翻译教程陈宏薇)

“文化”（culture）物质文化（material culture）制度文化（institutional culture）心理文化（也称观念文化）（mental culture）咖啡（coffee）、巧克力（chocolate）、色拉（salad）、三明治（sandwich）、歇斯底里（hysteria）、休克（shock）、基因（gene）、钙（calcium）、维他命（vitamin）、奥林匹克（Olympic）、雷达（radar）、先令（shilling）、夹克（jacket）、电视（television）、激光（laser）、飞机（aeroplane）、火车（train）、交响乐（symphony）、基督徒（Christian）、面包（bread）、盲文（brail）、圣诞老人（Santa Claus）、圣经（Bible）、马海毛（mahair）、贝雷帽（beret）、革命（revolution）、营养（nourish）、解放（liberate）、民主（democracy）、科学（science）、独裁（dictatorship）、心理学（psychology）、形而上学（metaphysics）、图书馆（library）、想象（imagination）、暗示（hint）、投资（investment）磁卡电话（card phone）、立交桥（overpass）、隐形眼镜（contact lenses）、

下拉菜单（pulldown）、软驱（floppy drive）、光驱（CD drive）、鼠标（mouse）、电脑（computer）、内存条（RAM chip）、复印机（xerox machine）、安乐死（euthanasia）、艾滋病（AIDS）、香波（shampoo）、连锁店（chain store）、热狗（hot dog）、自助餐（buffet）、牛仔服（cowboy suit）、 T恤衫（T-shirt）意合(parataxis) 隐性(covertness) 显性(overtness) 形合(hypotaxis) 伦理(ethics) 认知(cognition) 顺其自然(Let nature take its course in accordance with its natural tendency)、听其自然(leave the matter as it is; take the world as it is)、听天安命(accept the situation)、听天由命(be at the mercy of nature; be left to God's mercy; let fate have its way; submit the will of Heaven; wait for one's fate)。 individualism（不管别人怎样做）只按个人方法行事的感觉或行为；我行我素个体主义”。整体(integrity) 综合性(synthetic) 个体(individuality)、分析性(analytic) 直觉(intuition) 实证(evidence) 天人合一”(The Unity of Man and Heaven

商务英语综合教程第一学期习题答案

Unit 1 Company Profile 1.Translate the following Chinese terms into English. candidate patent industry personnel registered trademark core competency domain name intended market emerging market headquarter multinational corporation Chief Executive Officer stakeholder 2.Translate the following English terms into Chinese. 股本，股金总额以人为本的解决方案精于心简于形对客户的深入了解工业革命回收利用 3.Translation: 宝洁公司始创于1837年，是世界上最大的日用消费品公司之一。2007财政年度，公司全年销售额达682亿美元。在《财富》杂志评选出的全球500家最大企业中，排名第74位。宝洁公司在全球80多个国家设有工厂或分公司，所经营的300多个品牌的产品畅销160多个国家和地区，其中包括美容护理、居家护理、吉列产品等。每天，在世界各地，宝洁公司的产品与全球消费者发生着三十亿次亲密接触。宝洁大中华业务区包括1988年成立的中国大陆分公司、1987成立的香港分公司和1985年成立的台湾分公司。一九八八年，宝洁公司在广州成立了在中国的第一家合资企业－广州宝洁有限公司，从此开始了其中国业务发展的历程。宝洁总部位于广州,目前在广州、北京、上海、成都、天津、东莞及南平等地设有多家分公司及工厂，并在北京设立技术中心。二十年来，宝洁取得了飞速的发展，主要表现在：

商务英语翻译答案

Unit 1 1.从你的简历和应聘申请书来看，你对营销工作已有相当多的经验。 I see from your résumé and application that you’ve had quite a lot of experience in marketing already. 2.如果你处在我的位置，你希望你的雇员应具备哪些素质？ If you were in my shoes, what sort of qualities you’d look for in your employees? 3.部门经理应该能够主动处理很多事情。 A department manager has to be able to do a lot of things on your own initiative. 4.作为秘书，我做过大量的文字工作，如拟写报告、作会议记录等，而且似乎我的记忆力比一般人强。As a secretary, I’ve had to do quite a lot of paper work, such as handling report writing, keeping minutes at meetings, and I seem to have a better memory than average. 5.从秘书的角度看，我认为和上司共享一个办公室更好，这样对她的上司不太有可能忘记告诉她一些重要的事情。 From the secretary’s point of view I think it’s better to share an office room with her boss so that there’s not much chance of her superior forgetting to let her know about important matters. 6.我工作过的那家公司是一家做营销和公共关系的公司，主要是为在中国投资的外国公司提供咨询。The company where I worked is a marketing and public relations company and they do consultant work for foreign companies investing in China. 7.我想在贵公司会有更多个人发展的机会，而且这里的工作对于我来说更具挑战性。 I feel that I would have more scope and opportunity for personal development in your company and that the work will be more challenging for me. 8.我主要的工作是协助经理安排访问、会议及介绍，并且替他处理信件。 What I basically do is to assist the manager by arranging visits, setting up meetings and presentations and to deal with his correspondence. 9.申请书和简历一样重要，因为申请书通常是申请者和雇主之间第一次直接的接触。 The application letter can be as important as the CV in that it often provides the first direct contact between an applicant and an employer. 10.有效的申请书能说明你对具体单位兴趣的原因，并且辨认出你最相关的技能或经历。 Effective application letters explain the reasons for your interest in the specific organization and identify your most relevant skills or experiences. Unit2 1.本公司创建于1978年，现在已经成为我国主要的厨房用具出口商之一。 Our company, established in 1978, has now become one of the leading exporters of kitchen appliances in our country. 2.我们在国内有十家专业子公司，在国外有六家常驻办事处。我们在国内还建立了二十多家合资公司。 We have 10 specialist subsidiaries at home and 6 permanent offices abroad. We’ve also set up more than 20 joint ventures in the home market. 3.我们是多元化企业，主要是经营国际贸易、国际运输、劳务输出、房地产等。 We are a diversified company dealing mainly in international trade, international transportation, labor export, real estate and so on. 4.我们从事纺织品经营已经有30多年，并与当地纺织品大厂家及分销商保持密切的联系。 We have been handling textiles for more than 30 years and maintain close contact with large manufacturers and distributors in our area. 5.为了迅速发展，我们组成了多元化战略联盟，使我们能扩大到新的市场领域。 In order to grow rapidly, we’ve formed a diversifying strategic alliance which allows us to expand onto new market areas. 6.我们的目标主要是本地市场，但是我们也在研究进入欧洲市场的可能性。 We mainly target local markets, but we are looking at the possibility of entering the European market. 7.我们公司的领导体系是这样的：首先是合伙人；其次，直接在合伙人之下的是三位合作伙伴，也就是，最上层是两位合伙人和直接在合伙人之下的三个合作伙伴。在合作伙伴之下，我们有高级工程师、初级工程师、绘图员等，一直往下至办公室的勤杂工。 The system of command of our company is that we have the partners, and then we have three associates immediately below the partners, that is, two partners at the top and three associates directly below them. And then below the associate we have senior engineers, junior engineers, drafts-person and so on and so forth, down to the office boy. 8.我们是新成立的公司，只有大约五年的历史。公司共有四十名员工，分布在四个办事处中。 We’re a young company, only about five years old. There are only about 40 people in the company, split amongst four offices. 9. 谈到进口在中国畅销的美国产品，我们作为一家在中国的美国公司，感到比其他公司更有优势。 As an American company in China we find we have an advantage over other companies when it comes to importing American products that are marketable here in China.

英汉翻译基础教程练习答案总主编冯庆华

汉英翻译基础教程

play basketball spray insecticide 5. basic wage capital construction essential commodity primary industry fundamental interest 三、翻译下列句子，注意画线词语的理解 1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern 2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public. 3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan. 4. Everyone complained against such a practice. 5. They had a dispute at the meeting. 6. You should follow the doctor's advice. 7. They reached a consensus on this issue. 8. There is still some unfinished business to settle. 9. We have consulted him about the matter. 10. Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now

商务英语翻译标准答案版

商务英语翻译答案版

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一.广告翻译 1.Wearing is believing. 百看不如一穿。 2.Different countries. Different languages. Different customs. One level of comfort worldwide. 国度不同。语言不同。风俗不同。舒适却全球相同。 3.We've hidden a garden full of vegetables where you'd never expect. In a pie. 在您永远意想不到的地方，我们珍藏着满园的蔬菜-----于一个馅饼之中. 4.The choice is yours. The honour is ours. 选择由你们作出。荣耀归我们所有。 5.Get the card that gets you the car. 拿到信用卡，汽车开回家。 6.Choose a pot like you choose a husband. 选择一款锅，有如选丈夫。 7.Everything is extraordinary. Everything tempts. 件件超凡脱俗，样样新颖诱人。 8.What can be imagined,can be realized. 只要有梦想，万事可成真。 9.We care to provide service above and beyond the call of duty. 殷勤有加，风雨无阻。