初中九年级的英语语法定语从句归纳总结计划.docx

一．几个基本概念

1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。

2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。

3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词（名词或代词）之后。

4.引导词：引导定语从句的词（包括关系代词和关系副词）。﹙1﹚

关系代词： that/who/whom/which/as

﹙2﹚关系副词： when/where/why

5. 引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前（先行词之后）。【as除外】

6.引导词的功能（作用）：

﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。

﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分（关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语）。

7.定语从句的类型：

﹙1﹚限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间无逗号）。

①直接由引导词引导定语从句

The man who you’re talking to is my friend.

②由介词 +关系代词（ whom/which ）引导

The man to whom you ’re talking is my friend.

I need a pen with which I can write a letter.

=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.

介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在

从句之尾。例如：

The man (who/whom/that) I talked about (介词) at the meeting is from Beijing

University.

=The man about （介词） whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.

The palace (which/that)I often pay a visit to（介词）was built in the 17th century.

=The palace to（介词）which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.

二. 定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的基本用法。

that 指人，在定从句中代替先行，又作定从句的主，不能省略。

Do you know the gentleman who/that （代替 gentlmen, 在从句中作主） is sitting there? who/that 指人，在定从句中代替先行，又作定从句的（或介）。

① 当作（后接），关系代可省略。

Do you know the gentleman whom/who/that （代替 met 后面 the gentlmen,从句中做 ) we met just now?

② 当作介（介后接）：介不提前，关系代可省略；

介提前，关系代不可省略，即介＋ whom(指人介后的关系代只能用whom)。The man (whom/who/that，可省略 ) I spoke with（介没提前）is my teacher.

The man with（提前了）whom（whom不可省略）I spoke is my teacher.

※注：固定的短（+介）如look for, take care of等不能把与介拆

开，既介不能提至引前。

She is the right girl (who/whom/that) we are looking for.

:指人或物，是所有格“?的”形式。Whose+n.一起在定从句中充当主、（

或介）即先行的什么西怎了， whose 不能省略。。 Whose+n. = the +n. + of which/whom= of which/ whom+ the =n.

I didn’ t find the desk whose leg was broken.（主）

He is the student whose pencil（broke的）I broke yesterday.（）

The boss in whose company I work is very kind.（介）

that指物，指代先行且在定从句中作主或（包括或介）。

① 当作，关系代可省略。

② 当作介：

介不提前，关系代可省略；

介提前，关系代不可省，即介＋which( 指物介后的关系代只能用which)。The house which/that was destroyed in the earthquake is weak.

The pen (which/that) you found yesterday is mine.

The games (that/which) the young men competed in were difficult.

The games in which the young men competed were difficult.

※注 : 介词 +关系代词即介词+whom/which( 先行词指人用whom，指物用which) 。

※指人或物，在定从句中可作主，，表或状，不能省略。主要用于“ the same? as?；such?

as?； so ? as?； as ? as ?； as follows”固定构中，形式固定此的引限定性定从句。要用

as 代替 who(m), which, 或 that引定从句：

Such people as knew Hill thought he was honest.

Such people as Hill knew thought he was honest.

My hometown is no longer the same as it was.

Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.

The child knows as much as grow-ups (know).

I ’d like to have the same books as are used in your school.

He is not such a person as I expected.

He will marry as pretty a girl as he can find.

※注： which 和 as 可引非限定性定从句：可以指代主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，which 和 as 都可以指代主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，有可以互。因此，当 as/which指代前面的整个句子，或前句中的部分内容作定从句的主，用数．

Our team lost the game, as/which was reported in the newspaper.

She was terrified, as/which I could see from her eyes.

He married her, as/which was natural.

6 when关系副词：指时间。在定语从句中作时间状语，不能省略。此时的when 还可用介词+which 替换（此时先行词一定是表时间的名词）。

I still remember the time when I joined the League.

＝I still remember the time on which I joined the League.

＝I still remember the time(which/that)I joined the League on.

关系副词：指地点。在定语从句中作地点状语，不能省略。此时的 where 还可用介词 +which 替换（此时先行词一定是表地点的名词）。

I still remember the school where I joined the League.

＝I still remember the school in which I joined the League.

＝I still remember the school(which/that)I joined the League in.

※注：关系副 when, where的。

①.先行是的名，并非都用关系副when 引定从句。

I ’ll never forg et the time (which/that)I spent （及物动词，后面省略the time ）in Beijing.

②.先行是地点的名，并非都用关系副where 引定从句。

This is the factory (which/that) he visited(及物动词，后面省略 the factory ) yesterday.③.当句型 It/This/That is(was)the first(second? last) time引起的句子用 that 接其后的句子。此的time是次数，不是。

It/This is the first time that we travel.

It/This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.

8. why 指原因，在定从句中作原因状，先行通常reason, 不能省略。且 why 引的定从句只能是限定性定从句。Why= for which

I don ’t know the reason The reason why( for which

why he was late yesterday.

) he was late is that he missed the bus.

※注：当先行reason ，关系副并非都用why。

This is the reason (that/ which) he gave/ explained（及物，后面省略the reason ）to us.

【判断用关系代是关系副】

从句缺少的是主、是状是确定用关系代是关系副的关。比：

I will never forget the day (which/that) I spent in Hongkong.

( spent是及物，后缺，因此用关系代或省略)

I will never forget the day when/on which Hongkong returned to its motherland.

（从句主构完整，缺状，因此用关系副或介加关系代）

The reason （ that/which）he gave for not coming to school yesterday isn ’t believable.

( gave是及物，后缺，因此用关系代或省略)

The reason why he didn ’t come to school yesterday isn ’t believable.

（从句主谓宾结构完整，缺状语，因此用关系副词或介词加关系代词）

三 .值得注意的几个问题：

第一 .当先行词是物时，关系代词(that/which)只用that的情况。

1.当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。

This is the best film that has been shown this year.

This is the first book (that) I borrow from the library.

※H e is the first student that/who came to school today.

2.当先行词为两个或两个以上分别指人和物的名词时。

He talked about the teachers and the school (that) he had visited.

3.当先行词本身是all 的，用 that 。 (all that=what)

All that (what)I want to say to you is“Thank you ”.

=All (what) I want to say to you is“Thank you ”.

Go over all that (what) we learned.

=Go over all (what) we learned.（that 在定语从句中充当宾语可以省略）

4.先行词为 something, anything, nothing, everything, thing时，用 that.

I ’ll tell you anyt hing (that) I know.

5. 当先行词前有all, much, little, many, (a) few, every, some, any, no, only, the

very, one of, the only, the last, the next等修饰语时。

This is one of the books (that) I’m very interesting in.

※ This is one of the books in which I’ m very interesting.

This is the only book (that) I read.

He is the only one of the boys that likes playing the piano.

All the glasses that were on the table fell off onto the floor.

6. （人，物），当先行词在以who 或which开头的特殊疑问句中时，用that引导以避免混淆．

Who is the man that is talking with the lady?

Which of you that know the answer can come to the front?

7. 当先行是在定从句中作表，用that ．

He likes the girl that she used to be.

第二 .当先行是物，关系代(that/which)只用which的情况。

1.作介且介置于引之前．

The room in which he lives is very large.

2. 引非限定性定从句（主，都用which,都不能省略）．

Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.

The house, which I visited yesterday, is very large.

指整个句子的内容或部分内容，引非限定性定从句．

He always makes fun of me, which upsets me.

第三 .其他特殊情况．

1. 先行是these, those指人，关系代只用who.

Those who are playing over there are my students.

2. 先行是人称代(he, she?)，关系代只用who.

He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.

3. 不定代someone, anyone, everyone, no one, somebody, anybody, everybody作先行，关系代用who.

Anybody who breaks the rules would be punished.

4.①先行是 the only one of +可数名复数，在定从句中作主，定从句中的

用数形式（因此的先行是the only one,而不是of后的可数名复数）．

He is the only one of the boys that likes playing the piano.

This is the only one of the books that is borrowed.

②先行是one of +可数名复数，在定从句中作主，定从句中的用复数形

式（因此的先行是of后的可数名复数, 而不是 one）．

This is one of the students who are late.

5. 当主句缺先行，用the one代替，但注意：the one只能代替可数名数．如

不可数名，指什么用什么．

Is this school the one I visited yesterday?

Is pop music the music he likes best?

6.当先行是 the way, 在定从句中充当方式状（ the way表＂以?方式／方法＂），

引通常用that或省略，也可用in which．

I don ’t like the way (that) you speak.

=I don ’t like the way in which you speak.

=I don ’t like the way (which/that) you speak in.

【运用定从句注意的几个】

1．关系代在定从句中作主，定从句的和先行的人称和数保持一

致。

This is one of the books which were written by Mark Twain.是克吐温所写的中

的一本。（先行是books ，因此用were。）

2．关系代或关系副在从句中充当一个句子成分，因此要注意避免从句中句子成分的

重复出。

This is the most beautiful place that I have visited it.

This is the most beautiful place that I have visited.是我参的最美的地方。

（去掉 it ，因 that代替先行the most beautiful place在定从句中作visit的，

再加 it就多余了。）

The school where I worked there is a big one.

The school where I worked is a big one.我所工作的学校是一所大学校。（去掉there，因 where 既引定从句，又在从句中代替in the school作状。）

3．关系代在定从句中作主不可省略。

The books were on the table were given to you.

The books that were on the table were given to you.桌上的那些是你的。（关系代that作主不能省）

4．“ one of the +复数名”后的定从句中的复数情况。

“ one of the +复数名” ，复数名是先行，所以常用复数形式。如果“one

of the +复数名词”前面有the very /only等修饰语，则谓语动词用单数形式，因为先行

词是，而不是复数名词。如：

He is the only one of the students who speaks Japanese in our class.他是我们班唯

一说日语的学生。（ the only one是先行词）

He is one of the students who speaks Japanese in our class.他是我们班里说日语的

学生之一。（ students是先行词）

5．定语从句中who 和 whom的选用。

关系代词who/whom引导定语从句时，作主语用主格who，作宾语用宾格whom。在其引导的

定语从句带有插入语，而又不用逗号分开时，要用who。

Mary is a girl who I think is clever.

在定语从句 who I think is clever中 , I think是插入语，去掉后 Mary is a girl who is clever 是一个完整的句子， who 是定语从句的主语，不能用whom替换。但下面的句子，情

况就不同了：

Mary is a girl whom I think to be clever.在定语从句 whom I think to be clever中，如把 I think看作插入语而去掉，则剩下的部分Mary is a girl whom to be clever很明显不是一个完整的句子结构，所以I think不能被看作是插入语，而是定语从句在的主谓结

构， whom作 think的宾语，to be clever是whom的宾补。

6．定语从句中关系代词或关系副词的选择取决于它们在从句中所充当的句子成分。如作

主语和宾语用关系代词；作状语，用关系副词。

I ’ ll never forget the day when I went abroad myself.（when在从句中代替时间状语

on the day，此句可分解为I ’ ll never forget the day. I went abroad myself on the

day. ）

I ’ ll never forget the days that we spent together.（that代替the days，在从句中作 spent 的宾语，

初二英语语法总结

初二英语语法总结 1) leave的用法 1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如： When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么时候离开上海的？ 2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如： Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。 3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如： Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你为什么要离开上海去北京？ 2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用 should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如：How should I know? 我怎么知道？ Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚？ should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如： We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。 我们在使用时要注意以下几点： 1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如： You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。 2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如： You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。 3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如： We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。 She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。 3) What...? 与 Which...? 1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。如：What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的？ 该句相当于： What does your father do?

初中英语语法大全

初中英语语法大全 名词 一名词的定义：表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词。 二名词的分类： 名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词 (Common Nouns），专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类： 1）个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。 2）集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。 3）物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。 4）抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。 注意 专有名词一般第一个字母要大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。 名词的种类 注意 物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目来计算，称为不可数名词。不可数名词前不能加冠词a或an来表示量。 （三）名词的数 1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式： 1.单数 英语中，如果我们要表示一本书、一只鸟、一棵树等概念时，要用名词的单数

形式，表示名词的单数，要在名词前加冠词a或an。 This is a desk . 这是一张书桌。 There is an orange on the table . 桌上有一个橘子。 an orange 一个橘子 an new orange （×）→ a new orange （○） 一个新橘子 a desk a old desk （×）→ an old desk （○） 一张旧课桌 关键字：初中英语语法大全初中英语语法总结初中英语语法辅导英语语法大全名词复数名词所有格复数冠词抽象名词 a和an的使用区别 a加在以辅音开头的名词前，如a book，a pen。 an加在以元音开头的名词前，如an egg，an apple。 注意 有时a，an后面紧接的不是单数名词，而是a (an) +形容词+单数名词的形式。 这时判断用a还是an来表示“一个”的概念时，要看形容词开头字母的发音，而不是看名词。 2.复数

人教版英语九年级语法知识点

1. by + doing 通过……方式如：by studying with a group by 还可以表示："在…旁","靠近","在…期间"、"用,""经过","乘车"等如：I live by the river. I have to go back by ten o'clock. The thief entered the room by the window. The student went to park by bus. 2. talk about 谈论，议论，讨论 如：The students often talk about movie after class. 学生们常常在课后讨论电影。talk to sb. === talk with sb. 与某人说话 3. 提建议的句子： ①What/ how about +doing sth.? 如：What/ How about going shopping? ②Why don't you + do sth.? 如：Why don't you go shopping? ③Why not + do sth. ? 如：Why not go shopping? ④Let's + do sth. 如：Let's go shopping ⑤Shall we/ I + do sth.? 如：Shall we/ I go shopping? 4. a lot 许多常用于句末如：I eat a lot. 我吃了许多。 5. too…to 太…而不能常用的句型too+adj./adv. + to do sth. 如：I'm too tired to say anything. 我太累了，什么都不想说。 6. aloud, loud与loudly的用法三个词都与"大声"或"响亮"有关。 ①aloud是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大, 常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。aloud没有比较级 形式。如: He read the story aloud to his son.他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。 ②loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与speak, talk, laugh等动词连用,多用于比较级,须放在动词之后。如: She told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。 ③loudly是副词,与loud同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往 含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后。 如: He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不当众大声谈笑。 7. not …at all 一点也不根本不如： I like milk very much. I don't like coffee at all. 我非常喜欢牛奶。我一点也不喜欢咖啡。 not经常可以和助动词结合在一起，at all 则放在句尾 8. be / get excited about sth.=== be / get excited about doing sth. === be excited to do sth. 对…感兴奋如： I am / get excited about going to Beijing.=== I am excited to go to Beijing. 我对去北京感到兴奋。 9. ①end up doing sth 终止做某事，结束做某事如： The party ended up singing. 晚会以唱歌而结束。 ②end up with sth. 以…结束如： The party ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。 10. first of all 首先. to begin with 一开始later on 后来、随 11. also 也、而且（用于肯定句）常在句子的中间 either 也（用于否定句）常在句末 too 也(用于肯定句) 常在句末 12. make mistakes 犯错如：I often make mistakes. 我经常犯错。

初中英语定语从句的用法解析

初中英语定语从句的用法解析 【摘要】定语从句是一种形容词的关系从句。它由关系代词或关系副词引导（1）。初中英语中的定语从句仅限于限制性定于从句，但对初中生来说，定语从句既是一个重点，也是一个难点。 【关键词】定语从句先行词关系代词关系副词 一、英语中的定语从句与汉语中的定语位置不同。 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。英语中的定语从句始终要放在被修饰的词之后，而汉语中的定语则放在被修饰词之前。如： The man who / that I saw at the school gate yesterday is my English teacher. 先行词定语从句 昨天我在校门口看见的那个人是我的英语老师。 二、英语从句中的句型结构比较复杂，有先行词、关系代词或关系副词。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词或关系副词。限制性关系分句和它的先行项的所指意义有着不可分割的联系（2）。关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中要充当一个成分。关系代词在句中可作主语、宾语或定语，关系副词在句中作状语。如： I am waiting for the boy who /that is wearing a red coat. （主语） 先行词关系代词 我正在等穿着红色外套的那个男孩。 The dictionary that / which my sister gave me last Sunday is very expensive.(宾语) 先行词关系代词 我姐姐上周星期天给我的那本字典很贵。 The woman is his mother whose name is Linda Brown. (定语) 先行词关系代词 那个是他的母亲，名叫琳达·布朗。 That is the house where my father used to live.(状语) 先行词关系副词 那是我父亲曾经居住过的房子。 三、初中英语中的定语从句关系代词或关系副词的具体用法。 1. who指人（也可用that），在定语从句中作主语，也可作宾语。如： Yesterday I helped an old man who / that lost his way. （主语） 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 Mr Wang is the man (who / that / whom )you met in the zoo this morning.(宾语) 王先生就是今天早上你在动物里遇到的那个人。 注意：关系代词who指人,作宾语时，可用whom代替；作宾语时，关系代词可省略。作其它成分，关系代词则不能省略。 2. whose指人，也可指物。在定语从句中作定语。 The boy whose mother is ill is staying at home to look after her today. 其母亲生病的那个男孩今天呆在家里照顾她。 I have a story book whose cover is red. 我有一本封面是红色的故事书。 3. which指物（也可用that），在定语从句中作主语，也可作宾语。如： Football is a game which / that is liked by most boys. （主语） 足球是被大多数男孩喜欢的运动。 I don’t believe the news which / that Tom won the game. (宾语)

初中英语语法总结(完整)

英语时态讲解 【注】构成时态的助动词be (is, am, are), have (has), shall, will 等需根据主语的变化来选择。时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴，它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式，动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。将时间形式和动作方式结合起来，就构成了以下 英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中的时态共有十六种，但是常考的或较常用的只有9种。要掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。 1、一般现在时 主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理等。 H e usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. 他每天7点上班。 2、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。 We are having English class.

我们正在上英语课。 3、现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。 They have lived in Beijing for five years. 他们在北京已经住了5年了。 4．一般过去时 表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; He used to smoke a lot. 他过去抽烟比较厉害。 5. 过去进行时 表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。 Beijing was hosting the 29th Olympic Games in August 2008. 在2008年8月，北京正在举行29届奥运会。 6. 过去完成时 表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用( before, after, by, up till ) They finished earlier than we had expected. 他们提前完成了（工作）。 7. 一般将来时 表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用。 I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我明天就要离开北京。 8、将来进行时 表将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的事情。 I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天这会我正在写作业。 9、将来完成时 表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如：by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引导的副词从句。 By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot. 到下个月底，他步行将达到1000英里。 英语共有十六个时态、四个体。（注：四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行。） 英语中的四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系罗曼语族中的式，如：直陈式，命令式等。

九年级英语语法填空12篇

阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 A There are four people in my family. They are my parents, my elder brother and I. My mother is 1 house wife, and she works the 2 (hard) in my family. I 3 (usual) help her with the housework on weekends. My father is a 4 (teach). He has many lovely 5 (student). And he loves his job very much. My brother is 6 actor. He has 7 (work) for five years and he lives in another flat 8 (lonely) now. He often 9 (invite) us to go to his home to have dinner. I am a middle school student. I enjoy 10 (play) tennis in my spare time. My family members have a close relationship. I have a happy family. B My parents care about my study very much. When I do very well in 1 exam, my parents celebrate 2 for me. My mother usually cooks a delicious meal 3 my father always 4 (give) me a book as a present. He knows that I am 5 (interest) in reading books very much. But they also think it is important to develop 6 (person) independence. For example, some parents don’t expect their children to do the housework at home. Because they think 7 most important thing for them is to study well. But my parents have different 8 (opinion). They always ask me to help 9 the housework at home. So I can look after 10 (I) well. C Today is Saturday. Tom seems 1 (happily) because he doesn’t need to go to school. After 2 (eat) breakfast, he wants to go ouside to play, but it is 3 (rain) now. Tom feels sad. At the moment, Tom’s father asks Tom to play chess with him. Tom turns 4 (excite) after hearing that. In the afternoon, Tom and his parents watch TV together. The TV programmes are 5 (interest). D Susan had a problem and it worried her a lot. Last Sunday, 1 friend Ben came to her home to do the homework 2 her. After they finished their homework, it started to rain. Susan 3 (lend) her umbrella to Ben, 4 Ben hasn’t returned 5 to her yet. Susan’s grandmother gave the umbrella to Susan as her 6 (thirteen) birthday gift and it is very special to Susan. Susan felt 7 (embarrass) to talk about it to Ben. She had no idea what to do next. Her father told her maybe Ben has forgotten it and he suggested Susan should tell Ben the 8 (true). Now, Susan 9 (decide) to follow her father’s advice. She thinks Ben will be very happy to give 10 umbrella back. E My father died when I was 1 little kid. We were too poor 2 buy food. My mother got two part-time jobs to pay for 3 education. She did everything to make me live 4 (happy). At 5 age of twenty-two, I found a good job. However, a few 6 (month) later, the doctor told me I had a stomach cancer. It’s difficult for 7 (I) to accept the fact. My mother 8 (cook) simple but delicious food for me. After another CT, the doctor told me my tumor (肿瘤) got much 9 (small) than before, and I was away from the 10 (dangerous) of the cancer. F Mark Twain is one of the famous American 1 (write). Once he 2 (be) going to Dijon by train. There were many 3 (passenger) on the train. He was 4 (tire) and wanted to sleep. He asked the conductor (列车员) to wake him up when they came to Dijon. He explained he was 5 very heavy sleeper. “I’ll 6 (probable) get very angry at first, 7 do not take any notice. Just put me off the train.” Mark Twain went to sleep. After waking up, he 8 (find) that he was in Paris. He realized the conductor didn’t wake him up at Dijon. He 9 (run) up to the conductor and said, “I have never been so angry in all my life,”The conductor looked at him calmly. “You are not half so angry as 10 American whom I put off the train at Dijon,” she said.

八年级下册英语语法知识点归纳总结

八年级下册英语语法知识点归纳总结 He said I was hard-working. 重点语法：宾语从句 结构：主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语从句(主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语/表语) 例句：----Im good at English. He says. (改为加宾语从句的复合句) ----He says Im good at English. 注意：①主句是一般现在时态，宾语从句的时态不受其影响。 例句：He says Im good at English now. He says I was good at mathematics when I was young. ②主句是过去时态，宾语从句也要用过去时态。 例句：He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday. He said I was good at English now yesterday. ③宾语从句是客观真理时永远用一般现在时态。 例句：Our teacher says 24 hours make a day. Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday. ④动词原形不能作主语，必须用其 -ing 形式。 例句：She said helping others changed her life. 重点短语：direct speech 直接引语

reported speech = indirect speech 间接引语 first of all = at first 首先 pass on 传递 be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事 be good at = do well in 在某方面做得好 in good health 身体健康 get over 克服 open up 打开 care for = take care of = look after 照料;照顾 not any more = not any longer = no longer 不再 have a cold 感冒 end-of-year exam 年终考试 get nervous 变得紧张 forget to do sth. 忘记做某事(该事未做) forget doing sth. 忘记做某事(该事已做) its + adj. + [for sb.] + to do sth. 做某事[对某人来说](加形容词) context 上下文 Reading Strategy(阅读方法) First read for meaning， not for detail. (首先理解文段的大致意思，不在于文段的细节部分。) You can understand the meaning of a word you dont know from

九年级英语语法大全

九年级英语语法大全 2. ask…for help 向某人求助Unit 2 重点词组： 3.read aloud 朗读1. be more interested in 对…更感兴趣. 4.that way (=in that way) 通过那种方式2. on the swim team 游泳队的队员. 5.improve my speaking skills 3. be terrified of 害怕. 提升我的会话技巧4. gym class 体操课. 6.for example (=for instance)例如5. worry about. 担心. 7.have fun 玩得高兴6. all the time 一直, 总是 8.have conversations with friends 7. chat with 与…闲聊 与朋友对话8. hardly ever 几乎从不 9.get excited 高兴，激动9. walk to school = go to school on foot 10.end up speaking in Chinese take the bus to school = go to school by 以说汉语结束对话bus 步行去学校 11.do a survey about…做相关…的调查10. as well as 不但…而且 12.keep an English notebook 记英语笔记11. get into trouble 遇到麻烦 13.spoken English (= oral English) 英语口语12. make a decision 做出决定 14.make mistakes 犯错误13. to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是 15.get the pronunciation right 使发音准确14. take pride in 为…感到骄傲 16.practise speaking English 练习说英语15. pay attention to 留心, 注意 17.first of all 首先16. consist of 由…组成/构成. 18.begin with 以…开始be made up of 由…组成/构成. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/838757758.html,ter on 随后17. instead of 代替, 而不是 20.in class在课堂上18. in the end 最后, 终于 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/838757758.html,ught at 嘲笑19. play the piano 弹钢琴 22.take notes 记笔记 23.enjoy doing 喜欢干… Unit 3 重点词组： 24.write down 写下，记下1. be allowed to do sth 被允许干… 25.look up (v + adv) 查找，查询allow sb to do sth 允许某人干… 26.native speakers 说本族话的人allow doing sth 允许干… 27.make up 编造，虚构，化妆，打扮2.sixteen-year-olds = sixteen-year-old boys 28.around the world 全世界and girls 16岁的孩子 29.deal with 对待，处理，解决3. part-time jobs 兼职工作 30.worry about (be worried about) 担心，担忧4. a dri ver’s license 驾照 31.be angry with 生某人的气5. on weekends 在周末 32.stay angry 生气6. at that age 在那个年龄段 33.go by 消逝7. on school nights 在上学期间的每个晚上 34. regard…as…把…当做… 8. stay up 熬夜 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/838757758.html,plain about/of 抱怨9. clean up (相当与及物动词) 清扫 36. change…into…把…变成…（= turn into）10. fail (in) a test 考试不及格 37.with the help of 在…的协助下11. take the test 参加考试 38. compare…to(with)…把…和…作比较12. the other day 前几天 39.think of (think about) 想起，想到13. all my classmates 我所有的同学

初中英语语法总结(完整)

初中英语语法总结(完整) 【注】 构成时态的助动词be (is, am, are), have (has), shall, will 等需根据主语的变化来选择。时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴，它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式，动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。将时间形式和动作方式结合起来，就构成了以下一般完成进行完成进行现在现在一般时do现在完成时have done现在进行时is doing现在完成进行时have been doing过去过去一般时did过去完成时had done过去进行时was doing过去完成进行时had been doing将来将来一般时will do将来完成时will have done将来进行时will be doing将来完成进行时will have been doing过去将来过去将来一般时would do过去将来完成时would have done过去将来进行时would be doing过去将来完成进行时would have been doing英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中的时态共有六种，但是常考的或较常用的只有9种。 要掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。

1、一般现在时主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理等。H e usually goes to work at7 o’clock every morning、他每天7点上班。 2、现在进行时表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。W e are having English class、我们正在上英语课。 3、现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。T hey have lived in Beijing for five years、他们在北京已经住了5年了。 4、一般过去时表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; He used to smoke a lot、他过去抽烟比较厉害。 5、过去进行时表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。B eijing was hosting the29th Olympic Games in August全文结束》》、在xx年8月，北京正在举行29届奥运会。

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