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人教版英语八年级上同步讲义

八年级上册英语讲义

Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?

Unit 2 How often do you exercise?

Unit 3 I'm more outgoing than my sister

Unit 4 What's the best movie theater?

Unit5 Do you want to watch a game show?

Unit6 I’m going to study computer science.

Unit7 Will people have robots?

Unit8 How do you make a banana milk shake?

Unit9 Can you come to my party?

Unit10 If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time.

语法总览

Unit 1 复合不定代词，一般过去时的规则动词与不规则动词Unit 2频度副词

Unit 3 形容词和副词比较级

Unit 4形容词和副词的最高级

Unit5动词不定式作宾语

Unit6一般将来时：be going to do 的用法

Unit7 一般将来时：will do 的用法

Unit8可数名词与不可数名词，祈使句

Unit9 can表示邀请的用法及其回答

Unit10 if引导的条件状语从句；should 的用法

Unit1 where did you go on vacation?

一、重点词汇

anyone ['eniw?n] pron.任何人

wonderful ['w?nd?fl] adj.精彩的；极好的

few [fju?] adj.很少的；n.少量

something ['s?mθ??] pron.某事物；

nothing(=not…anything) ['n?θ??] pron.没有什么n.没有myself [ma?'self] pron.我自己

everyone ['evriw?n] pron.每人；人人

yourself [j??'self] pron.你自己；你亲自

bored [b??d] adj.无聊的；厌烦的；郁闷的

seem [si?m] vi.似乎；好像

decide [d?'sa?d] v.决定；选定

try [tra?] v.尝试；设法；努力

wonder ['w?nd?(r)] v.惊奇；想知道；怀疑

difference ['d?fr?ns] n.差异；不同

wait [we?t] v.等；等待(wait for)

umbrella [?m'brel?] n.伞；雨伞

wet [wet] adj.湿的；雨天的

enough [?'n?f] adj.足够的adv.足够地；充分地

hungry(反full) ['h??ɡri] adj.饥饿的；渴望的

dislike [d?s'la?k] v.不喜欢；厌恶n.不喜爱；厌恶；反感

二、短语总汇

1、go on vacation去度假，

2、stay at home 呆在家，

3、go to the mountains 上山/进山，

4、go to the beach到海边去，

5、visit museums 参观博物馆，

6、go to summer camp 去夏令营，

7、quite a few 相当多，

8、study for为……学习，

9、go out 出去，

10、most of the time 大部分时间/绝大多数时间，

11、taste good 尝起来味道好，

12、have a good time玩的开心，

13、of course当然可以，

14、feel like感觉像……/想要,

15、go shopping购物，

16、in the past 在过去，

17、walk around绕……走，

18、too many 太多（可数名词前面），

19、because of 因为，

20、one bowl of 一碗……,

21、find out 查出来/发现，

22、go on继续，

23、take photos 照相，

24、something important重要的事情，

25、up and down上上下下，

26、come up出来

三、语法聚焦

A.复合不定代词或副词构成及用法

构成：由some, any, no, every分别加上-body, -thing, -one构成的不定代词叫做合成不定代词；加上-where构成副词。

用法：

（1）合成不定代词在句中可以作主语，宾语或表语等。

Nobody will listen to him. He wants something to eat.

（2）不定代词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。There is nothing wrong with the TV. Everybody likes reading.

（3）some-不定代词，通常用于肯定句中；

any-不定代词则多用于否定句、疑问句中。

但some-可用于表请求、邀请、预料对方会作肯定回答时的疑问句中。

Someone is calling me.

There isn’t anyone else there.

Is anybody over there?

Could you give me something to eat?

（4）形容词修饰不定代词时，通常要放在不定代词之后。

There is something delicious on the table.

（5）somewhere, anywhere, nowhere, everywhere用作副词。

Flowers come out everywhere.

注：①形容词修饰不定代词要后置：anything special

②不定代词做主语时谓语用单数.

B. 规则动词过去式与不规则动词过去式：

B.规则动词过去式（略，见七年级下册）

不规则动词过去式如下：

am,is-was are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said

give-gave get-got, go-went come-came have-had,

eat-ate take-took run-ran, sing-sang, put-put,

make-made read-read, write-wrote draw-drew drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept buy-bought, swim-swam, sit-sat,

bring--brought, can-could, cut-cut become-became,

begin-began, draw-drew feel-felt find-found forget-forgot hear-heard keep-kept know-knew, learn-learnt（learned）leave-left, let-let, lose-lost, meet-met, read-read, sleep-slept,

speak-spoke, take-took teach-taught , tell-told, wake-woke

四、沙场练兵

1.语法精炼

( )1.What ______ Dean ______ last Saturday night?

A.is; doing

B. does; do

C. did; do

D. was; do

( )2.Hang zhou is a beautiful city. There are many people here

______ vacation every year.

A.in

B.on

C.for

D.to

( )3. ______ was the food in the restaurant?

A.How many

B.Why

C.How

D.Where

( )4.After a long walk, I ______ a little tired.

A.feeling

B.to feel

C.feels

D.felt

( )5They enjoyed ______ very muc h.

A.swimming

B.swam

C.swimming

D.to swim

( )6There is______ in today’s newspaper.

A. interesting something

B.anything interesting

C. nothin g special

D.special nothing

( )7.I didn’t go to Penang Hill _____ the bad weather.

A. so

B. because

C. because of

D. but

( )8. It is raining hard, so John decides _______ at home.

A. stay

B. to stay

C. stayed

D. staying

2. 大题专练（中考完形填空）

Last Saturday ,Tony went to see Benny .But h e didn't know 1 Benny lived. 2 the way ,he stopped in front of a yellow house ,and asked an old woman the 3 to Benny's house .“His house is not far from my house,” said the woman.“It's behind the trees .But you can't get there 4 .You can go there by bus .It'll 5 you hours to get there 6 foot.” “What's 7 with her?” Tony thought.“I can s ee Benny's house from here now .It's behind the 8 .”

Then Tony walked to the other side of the trees.He found the old woman was 9 .There was a river in front of him,and he couldn't see a boat.The house was on the other side of the 10 .

( )1.A.what B. C.how

( )2.A.By C.Near

( )3.A.place C.bus

( )4.A.well C.easily

( )5.A.spend C.bring

( )6.A.in C.by

( )7.A.matter C.wrong D.right

( )8.A.houses C.trees

( )9.A.right C.wrong

( )10.A.road C.tree D.river

一、名师点评

这篇短文主要描述了托尼去朋友本尼家，问路的故事。

参考答案：

1:联系上下文，可知此处指的是，他不知道本尼住在哪儿。故选B，在哪儿。

2:介词辨析。A. 通过，到……为止；B.在上面；C. 在……附近；D. 在……里面。联系下文描述，可知这是发生在路上的事情。故选B。3:名词辨析。A. 地方；B. 房子；C. 公交车；D. 道路，方法。联系前文描述，可知此处指的是，他向一个老人问去本尼家的路。故选D。4:副词辨析。A. 很好地，充分地；B. 现在；C. 容易地；D. 匆忙地，仓促地。联系下文描述，可知此处指的是，但是你到哪儿也不容易。故选C。

5:动词辨析。take 用于it takes sb ... to do sth句型，仅指花费时间（three hours等），必须用it作形式主语，指代下文不定式内容；spend 用于sb spend...on sth或者sb spend...in doing sth（in可以省略），spend 的主语必须是人，可以指花费时间、也可以指花费金钱；bring带来；carry运送。结合语境可知此处指的是步行到哪儿得花费你几个小时

的时间。主语是it，故选B。

6:联系下文，可知此处指的是步行到那儿。短语on foot，故选B，在上面。

7:词义辨析。A. 物质，原因；B. 麻烦，烦恼；C. 坏事，错误的；

D. 正确的。联系上下文，可知此处指示，这个老人有什么问题。Matter 和trouble一般要搭配定冠词the，故选C。

8:联系前文"It"s behind the trees.可知此处指的是就在树后面。故选C。树木。

9:形容词辨析。A. 正确的；B. 好的；C. 错误的；D. 好的，优良的；联系下文描述，可知他发现老人说的是正确的。故选A。

10:联系前文，可知此处指的是，这所房子在河的另一边。故选D，河。

点评：这篇短文内容比较简单，理解不难。各小题与上下文联系比较紧密，答题中一定要注意联系上下文。答完后多读几遍，看看是否符合逻辑，适当修改。个别小题可以当作单独的词义辨析题来做，先区分词义，结合语境选出最能使语句通顺的答案。

二完形填空做题方法：

完形填空设空以实词为主、虚词为辅，单词为主、短语为辅。动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词等实词通常要占全部小题数的80%以上。而介词、连词、冠词等虚词则相对考得较少。

一、完形填空解题步骤

通览------试填-----复核

1 通览----速度全文，把握大意

快速阅读一下全文，通过通览全文、领会大意，概略地了解文章的体裁、背景、内容、结构层次、情节、写作风格等等。

2 试填----紧扣文意，瞻前顾后

先易后难，逐层深入。紧扣全文内容，联系上下文和语境，展开逻辑推理，注意从上下文中寻找线索，注意词汇的意义、搭配，惯用法，语法，常识等多个角度进行综合考虑。

3 复核----全面检查，确保语意连贯，用词准确

试填后，要把全文再通读一遍，注意看所选答案填入空白处后能否做到文章意思通顺、前后连贯、逻辑严谨、结构完整、首尾呼应。

二、解题技巧

1. 充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。（同义词或反义词）

2. 注意固定搭配

3. 注意同义词的辨义

4.根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项

5. 根据生活常识以及相关知识确定选项

6. 利用语法知识选出正确选项

三、解题技巧的具体运用

1 充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。这些词有可能是同义词或反义词。

2 注意固定搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配

以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。

3 注意同义词的辨义

4 根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项

有时，选项中所给的四个词为表示上下文逻辑关系的连接性词语，它涉及到文章的起承转合、上下连贯。这类题主要考查考生对上下文逻辑关系的理解，如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、增补关系、比较关系及对比关系等。

常见的承接语有and,but,however,so,therefore,等。其中for one thing…for another…等连接词表示列举；First…and then,First…Next…Then…Finally…用来按次序描述时间发生的过程；anyhow,still,though,although…表示让步关系；therefore,so表结果；because,since,due to,owing to…表原因，等等

6 利用语法知识选出正确选项

5 根据生活常识以及相关知识确定选项

Unit2 How often do you exercise?

一、重点词汇：

hardly ['hɑ?dli] adv.几乎不；简直不；刚刚

once [w?ns] adv.一次；曾经

twice [twa?s] adv.两倍；两次

maybe ['me?bi] adv.或许；也许；可能

at least至少

hardly ever很少；几乎从不；难得

health [helθ] n.健康；人的身体或精神状态although [??l'e??] conj.虽然；尽管；然而；可是through [θru?] prep.穿过；凭借；一直到

die [da?] v.死；枯竭；消失

writer ['ra?t?(r)] n.作者；作家

however [ha?'ev?(r)] adv.然而；无论如何；不管多么than [e?n] conj.比

none [n?n] pron.没有人；没有任何东西，毫无

less [les] adj.更少的；较少的

二、重点短语

1.such as例如；诸如

2.junk food n.垃圾食品；无营养食品

3.more than超过；多于；不仅仅；非常

4.less than不到；少于

5.help with housework 帮助做家务

6.how often 多久一次

7.hardly ever 几乎从不

8.once a week 每周一次

9.twice a month 每月两次

10.go to the movies 去看电影

11. use the Internet 用互联网

12.swing dance 摇摆舞

13.stay up late 熬夜；睡得很晚

14.play sports 进行体育活动

15.be good for 对……有好处

16.go camping 去野营

17.not…at all 一点儿也不……

18.in one’s free time 在某人的业余时间

19.the most popular 最受欢迎的

20.old habits die hard 积习难改

21 How about…? ......怎么样？

22.It’s+ adj.+ to do sth. 做某事的……的。

23.ask sb. about sth. 向某人询问某事

24.by doing sth. 通过做某事

25.What’s your favorite……? 你最喜爱的……是什么？

26.the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式

三、语法聚焦

语法知识: 频度副词

1. 频度副词的含义

(1) 表示次数、频率的副词称为频度副词。

常用的频度副词按高低依次为

always > usually > sometimes > seldom > hadly ever > never

100% 80% 60% 30% 10% 0%

(2) 表示具体的频率、次数时，一次用once，两次用twice，三次或三次以上用“基数词+times”表示: three times, four times, six times 2. 频度副词在句中的位置

(1 )频度副词一般在实意动词之前，be 动词、助动词或情态动词之后

E.g. We never eat junk food.

Lucy is sometimes very busy.

I can hardly say a word.

(2)有些频度副词也可位于句首，但表示不同含义sometimes 常位于句首，和位于句中区别不大。

E.g. Sometimes Jack plays computer games.

often 用于句首时，通常表示强调，且其前一般有quite，very 修饰E.g.Very often he goes online.

Usually 也可位于句首，其前不用修饰语。

E.g. Usually my father goes up early.

Always 一般不用于句首，但可以用在祈使句中。

E.g. Always remember this.

3. 对频度副词提问时，用how often

E.g. ---How often do you go to the movies?

---Once a month

四、沙场练兵

1. 语法精炼

( )1. Lucy is a good student. She is_____ late for class.

A. usually

B. hardly ever

C. sometimes

D. never

( ) 2.Tom watches TV four __________ five ________a week.

A. and, times

B. or, time

C. or, times

D. and, time

（）3. How often do you have P.E. lessons?

______________. On Monday, Wednesday and Friday.

A. Twice

B. Twice a week

C. Three times

D. Three times a week

（）4. How about apples? ------OK.

A. to have

B. had

C. have

D. having

（）5. The boy has to buy the bicycle.

A. old enough

B. enough old

C. enough money

D. money enough

（）6.My mom wants me milk every day .

A. to drink

B. drink

C. drinking

D. drank

（）7.Don’t stay up . Go to bed .

A. late, early

B. lately ,early

C. lately, late

D. late, late （）8．______Mum asked me to close the door，______I forgot to

A．Though；but B．Although；but

C．But；/ D Although；/

（）9．Though he eats many vegetables to keep______，he is in bad______.

A．health；health B．healthy；healthy

C．healthy；health D．health；healthy

（）10．Do you think the best way to relax is ______ exercise? A．though B．through

C．over D．across

2. 大题拓展：（阅读理解）

Many children love junk food. It’s bad for their health. Their parents don’t want them to eat too much junk food. Although they know it’s not a good habit, they still eat it. Some of them eat this kind of food every day. Some eat only once or twice a week.

Paul is kind of unhealthy. He hardly ever exercises. He eats lots of junk food because he loves it. When he has money, he buys junk food. His parents worry about him. But he says, “Maybe I’m not very healthy, but I enjoy myself.”

根据短文内容，判断下列句子的正（A）误（B）

( )1. Few children love junk food.

( )2. Many parents don’t want their children to eat too much junk

( )3. Children know it’s a bad habit to eat junk food.

( )4. Paul is very healthy.

( )5. Paul often exercises.

一、名师点评：

本文介绍了一些孩子喜欢吃垃圾食品，这对孩子的健康很不好，引起很多父母的担心。第二段描述了小男孩保罗对垃圾食品的爱好，他的观点很有代表性。

参考答案：

1B:根据Many children love junk food. 可知本句表述错误。

2B:根据Their parents don't want them to eat too much junk food.可知本句表述错误。

3A:根据Although they know it's not a good habit,可知本句表述正确。4B:根据Paul is kind of unhealthy.可知本句表述错误。

5B:根据When he has money, he'll buy junk food.可知本句表述错误。点评：本文比较简短，理解起来比较容易。每个小题都能找到适当的答题依据，完成较易，认真阅读即可。

二阅读理解做题方法

一、阅读理解文章的体裁主要有三类：叙述文、说明文和议论文。

1）、叙述文

叙述文一般以讲述个人生活经历为主，对于经历的陈述通常由一定的时间概念贯穿其中，或顺序或倒序。但是在考试中一般不出现单纯的叙述文，因为单纯的叙述文比较简单、易懂。所以中考中的叙述

文大多是夹叙夹议的文章。

2）、说明文（描述文）

说明文的一般结构模式和叙述文的结构模式有相通之处即：提出问题（或以一个事例引出问题）---- 发现直接原因----- 分析深层原因-----得出结论或找到出路。

3）、议论文

议论文模式是主张---反主张模式。在这一模式中，作者首先提出一种普遍认可的观点或某些人认可的主张或观点，然后进行澄清，说明自己的主张或观点，或者说提出反主张或真实情况。议论文的这种结构特点决定了它的主要题型是作者观点态度题，文章主旨题以及推理判断题。

阅读理解的题型主要有主观性题型和客观性题型。

前者主要包括主旨型、推理型、作者语气、态度型、结论型等。后者主要包括事实型、推测词义型、指代关系型、常识题、是非题等。

二、阅读理解的几种题型及应试对策

1.细节理解题。它是针对文章中的细节而设计的，如文章中某一个特定的细节，也可能涉及若干个细节，或者针对文章的主要事实，或利用图表、图形来表示信息等。要求学生根据对短文的理解，直接选择正确答案，一般在通读短文后可直接找出答题依据，难度较小，属浅层理解题。

细节类问题的命题方式有以下几种：

(1) Which of the following is NOT true according to the information in the passage?（根据文章信息，下面哪个是不真的？）

(2) Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?

（下面的哪一个在文章中提到了？）

(3) What is the example of . . . as described in the passage?

（文章中描述的例子是什么）

(4) The author mentions all of the following except . . .

（作者提到了以下的所有事项，除了……）

(5) The reason for . . .is . . .（什么的原因是……）

(6) The author states that . . .（作者陈述的观点是……）

(7) According to the passage, when (where, why, how, who, etc. ) ..

（根据文章，提问关于时间、地点、原因、形式和谁等的问题）

2.推测词义题。也就是要正确理解短文中个别关键词，可利用同义词、近义词及给定义等方法推测词义，甚至在通篇理解的基础上推测并发现所给生词的词义。这需要有意识地训练并最终具备这种不用字典而通过上下文来认识生词的能力。

3.推理判断题。要求在通篇理解文章的基础上，以文章提供的事实为依据，将已表述的和隐含的信息结合起来进行思考、分析，透彻理解全文，以领会作者的真正意图，从而做出正确的推理和判断，切不可凭空想象，主观臆断。

1、读懂原文，抓住关键词、短语、句子或段落，透彻理解文章内容注意文章结构层次和逻辑关系，并结合阅读材料外的有关生活、社会常识，仔细斟酌，作出准确的推断和引申。

2、熟悉常用的设问方式：

1) We can infer /conclude from the passage that ______.

（通过文章我们可推断出什么结论）

2) It can be inferred /concluded (from the passage) that ________.

3) The passage /story /author /paragraph implies, but does not directly state that _______.（文章暗示，但没有直接表述的观点是）

4) The author strongly suggests that__________ ______.

5) What do you think would happen (to…) at the end of the story?

4.归纳概括题。要求在理解全文后归纳短文要点，概括中心意思。不少文章一开头便展示出文章的主题。尤其是新闻报道之类的，第一段通常是故事的梗概，这一段往往表达了文章的中心涵义。在文章的段落中往往由开头的一句作为主题句(topic sentence)来概括该段的中心意思。但在不少文章或段落中，中心思想贯穿在全文中。此类题主要针对的主题、中心思想、文章的结构层次（主题句或题段）、作者的写作目的(purpose)等方面，要求考生在准确理解全文后，归纳短文要点、概括中心思想，也分析和归纳段落大意、重要情节、人物特征和环境特点等。

解题技巧：领会全文大意，灵活运用概念、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑方法，真正理解文章的话题和中心思想。一般而言，英语文章的话题往往用很少几个词加以概括，通常具体反映在文章的题目或一段

短文的小标题上；不少文章一开头便展示出文章的主题，特点是新闻报道，第一段通常是故事的梗概(lead paragraph)，这一段往往表达了文章的中心思想，但也要注意，不少文章的中心思想也常贯穿于全文之中；主题段通常在文章简要概括文章中心思想，而主题句(topic sentence)常在一段的开头，也有可能在段中或段末。

这类题常见的命题方式有：

（1）What is the main idea (subject) of this passage ?

（2）What does this passage mainly talk about ?

（3）The main theme of this passage is ___________.

（4）The main point of the passage is__________.

（5）Which of the following is the best title for the passage ?

（6）The title that best expresses the theme of the passage is ___________.

（7）The purpose of the writer in writing this passage _________.

（8）Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole ?

（9）推断作者的写作意图（Purpose）

The author's purpose in writing this passage is to________.

这类题要求阅读时不但要看懂个别的句子，而且要能够根据作者思路的展开，把握作者在整篇文章中的观点，因此，必须看懂全篇文章的意思

5.图示理解题。根据文章内容提供一幅或几幅画(地图、示意图或其他图形)，对某种图形进行选择或判断。

6.计算理解题。需要进行一定的运算或推算，才能做出正确的解答。这不仅需要对细节了解清楚，而且需要了解各细节之间的关系，即部分与整体之间的联系。

三、答题的基本步骤

1. 先看问题，再读文章：带着问题阅读短文，确定主攻方向，特别要注意首尾段和首尾句，把握文章的主题和用户服务，摘取有用的材料，舍弃无关的信息，有的放矢，高效省时。

2. 细读全文，认真推敲：针对题目的要求，细心阅读与试题有的词汇、句子或段落，要特别留心一些信息词，它们既是检查的重点，

也是把握全文意思的突破口。因此必须准确判断，仔细斟酌，以便选出最佳答案。

3. 复读全文，验证答案：在选出全部答案后，应将答案带入问题中重读全文，看前后意思是否贯通，有无矛盾，若前后不一致或意思矛盾，则要考虑重选答案。

4、抓细节、做记号。了解文章主旨后应该细读文章，并且边读边用铅笔做些记号，例如把人物、时间、地点等圈出来，看完再回头找时便一目了然了。对于难一点的题目，要回头再查阅短文，在文中划出依据。

四、做阅读理解题时“五忌”

1）.忌不带问题

做阅读理解题时，应先把文章后面所给的考查题浏览一遍，然后带着这些问题进行阅读。边阅读边选出考查表层情况问题的答案，从而提高阅读效果。

2）.忌草率行事

在设计理解题时，设计者往往在四个选项中设计出一个似是而非的答案。这样答案干扰性特别强，容易迷惑考生。如果在发现一个看似正确答案时就草率定案，往往会掉进设计者设置的“陷阱”里。处理的方法是：对所给四个备选答案进行分析比较，在理解阅读材料内容的基础上进行去伪存真，方可选出正确答案。

3）.忌主观印象

少数阅读不明确题只需根据生活常识就可选出答案，而绝大多数则不然，考生必须按照原文来选定答案。因此，考生在做后一种测试题时，一定要排除自身的生活经验、经历和已有的知识等主观因素的干扰，按照文章实际反映的情况来选择答案。

4）.忌囫囵定案

所谓囫囵定案是指考生在未完全读懂文章时就匆忙定案，结果往往选错答案。因此，尚未读懂的地方如果时间允许的话，一定要慢速多读几遍，直到读懂时再定答案。

5）.忌忽略时间

做阅读理解题时，一定要从整体上控制时间，时间分配根据文章的难易程度有别。文中一两处没弄懂的地方可以暂且放置一边，等把

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