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高中英语语法专题知识点梳理总结与练习(并列句、定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句)

高中英语语法专题知识点梳理总结与练习

（并列句、定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句）

简单句/并列句/复合句

根据语法形式，即句子的结构，英语的句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。

一、简单句：简单句就是只含有一个主谓结构并且句子各成分都只由单词或短语构成的独立句子或分句。在简单句中主语和谓语是句子的主干，是句子的核心。简单句可归纳为五个基本句型。

1.主语+谓语（不及物动词）

这一句型中的的谓语动词是不及物动词，没有宾语，但常带有状语。

The train will leave soon.

2.主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语

这一句型中谓语动词是及物动词，它必须带有自己的宾语。

They want to have a rest.

As an outgoing girl, I get along well with my classmates. 作为一名外向女孩，我和同学们相处的很好。

3.主语+系动词+表语

This machine is in good condition.这台机器状况良好

The garden smells pleasant. 这座花园香气怡人

4.主语+谓语（及物动词）+间接宾语+直接宾语

该句型中的谓语动词为及物动词，必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语；一个是表示物的直接宾语。一般间接宾语在前面，直接宾语在后面。该句型中常见谓语动词有：give, bring(带给某人某物）, tell, send(送给某人某物），pass(递给某人某物），show(给某人看某物），etc.

She brought me a shirt.

Pass him the dictionary, please.

5.主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾语补足语

该句型中谓语动词为及物动词，它后面跟了个复合宾语结构（即宾语+宾语补足语），宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的情况，直接跟在宾语后面。在这一结构中，宾补与前面的宾语存在逻辑上的主谓关系或系表关系。

We elected him our monitor.

The news made me happy.

二、并列句：两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子，叫做并列句，其基本结构是"简单句+并列连词+简单句"。并列连词有:and,but,or,so等.并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。

常见并列连词及用法

1.and

(1)and 作并列连词，意为“和，并且”，当连接三个或三个以上并列的成分时，一般在最后两者之间加and,其余用逗号分开。

He bought a book and a pen.他买了一本书和一支笔。

Solid, liquid and gas are the three states of matter. 固态、液态和气态是物质的三种状态。（主谓一致）（2）祈使句+and+陈述句相当于if从句+主句（表条件）

Work hard and you will succeed.=If you work hard, you will succeed. 努力工作，你就会成功

2.or

（1）表示选择，意为“或，还是”

Would you prefer tea or coffee? 你喜欢茶还是咖啡？

Are you going to American by boat or by air?你到美国是坐船还是坐飞机？

（2）祈使句+or(else)+陈述句相当于if... not+主句，or意为“否则”

Hurry up, or you’ll be late for school.= If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late for school.赶快，否则你上学就要迟到了

3.表示对比、转折关系的并列连词有but,yet,whereas, while等

I like action movies but don't like thrillers.我喜欢动作片但不喜欢恐怖片（but表转折）

Jane said she was ill, yet I saw her in the street just now. 简说她生病了，但刚才我才在街上看到了她

He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music.

他喜欢流行音乐，而我喜欢民间音乐。

4.表示因果关系的并列连词有so, for等

It must have rained last night, for it is wet all over. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为到处都是湿的(must have done对过去推测；must do对现在推测)

The shops were closed, so I did not get any milk.商店都关门了，所以我没买到牛奶。

5.When 也可作并列连词，意为“那时，这时”，相当于and at this/that time.常用于下列句式：（1）sb was doing sth when...（2）sb was about to do/going to do/on the point of doing sth when...(3) sb had just done sth when... We were having a meeting when someone broke in. 我们正在开会，这时有人闯了进来。

We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain.我们正打算动身，突然下起了雨。

I had just finished my homework when Tom came to me. 我刚写完作业，Tom就来找我。

6.表示并列关系的有both...and..., not...but..., either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also...等

He spoke with both kindness and understanding.他说话即亲切又明事理

Either you are mad or I am(=Either you are mad or I am mad)不是你疯了就是我疯了

Neither Tom nor Helen is hardworking.汤姆和海伦都不勤奋。

Not only men but also women were chosen.选中的不仅有男性还有女性。

练习用并列连词填空

1.Shall we go to the cinema ____ stay at home?

2.Henry is very smart,____many of his classmates like him.

3.Work hard____you will be admitted to a key university. (be admitted to 被...录取，获准做某事；key university 重点大学）

4.Hurry up____you will be late for the bus.

Or; so; and; or

三、复合句（从属复合句）

从属复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句是全句的主体，通常可以独立存在;从句则是一个句子成分，不能独立存在。从句不能单独成句，但它也有主语部分和谓语部分，就像一个句子一样。所不同在于，从句须由一个关联词引导。从属复合句可分为：定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句。

从句指复合句中不能独立成句，但具有主语部分和谓语部分，由that、who、whom、when、why、where、how、which等引导词引导的非主句部分。从句须由一个关联词引导。（从句是由关联词引导的句子成分）

定语从句

A beautiful girl

She is the girl who lives next door. 她就是住在隔壁的女孩。

一、概念：在句中作定语，用来修饰名词或代词的从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词;

在先行词和从句之间起连接作用的词叫做引导词。

定从的构成：先行词+引导词引导的从句（从句对先行词进行修饰）

如何判定是否为定语从句？

首先找到从句（由引导词引导），看从句是否对前面的名词进行修饰，若是，则为定语从句

He is the man who wants to see you.

The work which has just been finished is very important.

二、引导词

作用：（1）引导从句；（2）指代先行词；（3）充当成分

引导词分为"关系代词"和"关系副词"。

（一）关系代词（在从句中充当成分）

主语宾语定语

人Who, that Who, whom, that（可省）whose

物Which, that Which, that （可省）whose

She is the girl who/that lives next door.她就是住在隔壁的女孩。（人；主语）

The work that/which has just been finished is very important.刚刚完成的那份工作很重要。（物；主语）That is the book (that/which) I want to read.那就是我想要读的那本书。（物；宾语）

That’s the girl (whom/who/that) I teach.那就是我教的女孩。（人；宾语）

This is the scientist whose achievements are well known.（人；定语）

这就是那位成就卓越的科学家。

=This is the scientist, the achievements of whom are well known.（the +n+of whom）

= This is the scientist, of whom the achievements are well known.(of whom+the+n)

This is the house whose window broke last night.（物，定语）

这就是昨晚窗户被打破的那所房子

=This is the house, the window of which broke last night.（the +n+of which）

=This is the house, of which the window broke last night.(of which+the+n)

（二）关系副词（在从句中不充当成分{除状语}，即从句中不缺成分）

When: 先行词表时间，用when

Where:先行词表地点，用where

Why:先行词表原因，用why

I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. （when=on which）

我还记得第一次来北京的那一天

Can you tell me the office where he works?(where=in which)

你能告诉我他工作的办公室吗？

Do you know the reason why he is absent?(why=for which)

你知道他缺席的原因吗？

注意：当先行词为situation, case, stage, point等，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时（即我们所说的从句中不缺成分），也要用关系副词where引导

They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。

三、做题思路

1.判定是否为定语从句（首先找到从句，看从句是否对前面的名词进行修饰，若是，则为定语从句）。

2.分析从句，看从句中是否缺成分

●缺成分：考虑关系代词（根据先行词指人还是物，在从句中作什么成分选择适当的关系代词）

●不缺成分：考虑关系副词（根据先行词表示时间、地点还是原因选择适当的关系副词）

练习

1.The man_____you met just now is my old friend.

2.The man____is walking in the playground is my old friend.

3.Take the book_____is lying on the table. lie(lies; lay-lain; lying):说谎；躺，平卧；位于（lie in sth/doing sth : 存在/在于... The difficulty lies in remembering the words.困难在于记单词）

4.The house ____windows face to the north belongs to him.

5.He wrote a letter_____he explained what had happened in the accident.

(Who/whom/that); who/that; which/that; whose; where

四、非限制性定语从句

定语从句的分类

限制性定语从句：从句对先行词起修饰限制作用

非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词起补充说明作用，先行词与从句往往用逗号隔开非限制性定语从句关系词

主语宾语定语

人Who, as Who, whom, as; 介词+whom whose

物Which,as Which, as; 介词+which whose

句子Which, as /

非限制性定语从句中，关系代词在任何情况下都不能省略。

1.Which 引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词可以是一个词，也可以是个句子；which 引导的非限制性定语

从句只能放在主句之后。

This is New York, which I have visited for several times. 这就是纽约，我来这里有好多次了。（which 指代New York，作宾语）

He was late again, which made the teacher very unhappy.(which指代前面的句子，作主语)他又迟到了，这使老师很不高兴。

2.关系代词as也可引导非限制性定语从句，可用来指代一个句子，as 引导的非限制性定语从句可放在主

句之前，也可放在主句之后，常用于一些固定句式，意为“正如”

As we know, China is a developing country. （as 指代后面的句子，作宾语）我们知道，中国是个发展中国家。

As is known to all, China is in the east of Asia. （as 指代后面的句子，作主语）众所周知，中国在亚洲的东部

3.that 不引导非限制性定语从句

五、As 引导限制性定语从句

常用于下列句式such+名词+as...像...一样/之类的（such: adj 这样的，如此的）

Such(pron.)+as...像...一样/之类的

The same+名词+as...和...同样的

即当先行词前有such, the same修饰时，用关系代词as引导定语从句

We have found such materials as are used in their factory. (as 作主语）我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料

This book is not such as I expect.(such 代词，为先行词；as作宾语）这不是我期望的书

I have the same book as he has.(as 作宾语）

六、关系代词that 和which的区别

（一）限制性定语从句中，用关系代词that 不能用which的情况

1.当先行词是不定代词all, some, none, little, few, much, everything, anything, nothing等时。

Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?你有什么要为自己说的吗？

2.当先行词被the only, the very(恰恰，正好）, the last, any, every, some, no, all, few, little, much, the right（正确的、合适的、恰当的）, just等词修饰时。

This is the very bus that I’m waiting for.这就是我在等的公交车

The only thing that we can do is to give you some money. 我们唯一能做的事情就是给你一些钱。

3.当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。

This is the most int eresting film that I’ve ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最有趣的电影。

4.当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时。

This is the first train that will go to Suzhou. 这是去苏州的第一趟火车。

5.当先行词即有人又有物时

Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗？

（二）当先行词指物时，定语从句中关系代词用which不用that的情况

1.非限制性定语从句中，只用which, 不用that

He failed in the match, which was a great pity. 他在比赛中失败了，这真令人遗憾。

2.当动词短语中的介词提前时，只用which,不用that（即介词后只用which,不用that）

This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.这是鲁迅曾住过的房子。

练习

1.All the presents____your friends gave you on your birthday should be put away. (put away把..收拾起来，放好）

2.This is the very book____I have been looking for.

3.He was late for the opening ceremony(开幕式，开学典礼）, ____was very surprising to me.

4.I refuse to accept anything____does not belong to me.

That; that; which; that

七、Way 后接定语从句的情况

当先行词是way（意为“方式、方法”）时，引导定语从句的关系词有下列三种形式

The way that/which/不填he explained to us was quite simple. 他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。

The way that/in which/不填he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.他向我们解释句子的那种方式不难理解。

当先行词是way（意为“方式、方法”）时，引导定语从句的关系词用可用that或不填。

名词性从句

一、概念

什么是名词性从句？

结合定语从句的概念（充当定语的从句），名词性从句即充当名词、具有名词功能的从句。

名词在句子中可以作什么成分呢？

The book is very interesting. 主语

I am reading a book. 宾语

This is a book. 表语

Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us. 同位语

同样地，我们可以用从句来充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语，看如下例句

That prices will go up is certain. 主语主语从句

I think that prices will go up. 宾语宾语从句

The problem is that prices will go up. 表语表语从句

The news that prices will go up is good. 同位语同位语从句

名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句

二、名词性从句的判定

首先找到从句，分析从句在句子中充当什么成分

主语---主语从句

定语从句专题训练

定语从句专题训练 Match the pictures and the sentences a.The boy who is watching the cartonn is laughing. b.A new school was set up in a village which has many trees. c.Yesterday we picked a lot of appels in an apple garden that was very beautiful. d.There is a picture on the computer which is on the table. e.I have a bird whose name is Percy. 1 4 2 3 5

一、概念在复合句中，修饰一个或的从句叫做定语从句；被定语从句所修饰的词叫；定语从句必须放在先行词之；引导定语从句的词叫关联词。如：［关联词］常见的关联词有关系代词that，which，who，whom，whose等。二、关系代词的用法 1. that 既指人又指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略。 Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。 The coat （that）I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。 2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略。 The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket. 位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。 The film （which）we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。 3.who、whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。 The girl who often helps me with my English is from England. 经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。 Who is the teacher （whom）Li Ming is talking to？正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？ 4.whose既可指人也可指物，在句中作定语，后面直接加名词。 He is the boy whose father is a policeman. [训练一] 1.A fridge is a machine is used for keeping food fresh. A.that B.who C.what D.whose 2.This is the skirt I bought for my sister. A.what B.where C.which D.what 3．The family ____ I stayed with in Paris are coming to London. A. whose B. which C . what D. whom 4．Are you the man ____ bicycle was stolen ? A. who is B .whose C. his D. of which the 5. Anyone ___ with what I said may raise your hand. A. which agrees B. who agree C. who agrees D. which agree 6. This is the house in ___ my grandfather once lived. A. where B. that C. whose D. which 8.The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate A. who’s B. whose C. that of which. 9.The young lady we met yesterday is our new Chinese teacher. A.what B.whose C.whom D.which

定语从句专项知识点总结汇总

定语从句专项知识点总结汇总 - 定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。关系副词有：when, where, why, how。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 1 关系代词引导的定语从句 1) who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you? (who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. (whom/that在从句中作宾语) 2) whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换). 例如： Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 3) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等. 例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. (which / that在句中作宾语) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. (which / that在句中作宾语) 关系代词that和which 都可以指物，that 和Who 都可以指人，其用法区别：

初中英语定语从句专题训练答案

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译林版中考英语专项训练定语从句知识点总结一、定语从句 1．Jack likes being with the classmates ________ are outgoing and kind. A．where B．which C．when D．who 【答案】D 【解析】【详解】句意：杰克喜欢和性格开朗、和蔼可亲的同学在一起。A. where在哪；B. which哪个；C. when何时；D. who谁。这里是定语从句，先行词是the classmates是名词，表示人，关系词用who。根据题意，故选D。 2．According to a survey, people ___________ are able to speak two languages can manage two things at the same time more easily. A．which B．whom C．whose D．who 【答案】D 【解析】句意：根据一项调查，能说两种语言的人可以同时管理两件事。考查疑问词辨析。A. which 哪一个，代物/人；B. whom谁，宾格，代人；C. whose谁的，代物主；D. who谁，主格，代人。本句是定语从句，people人/人们，在句中做主语，结合句意和语境，可知选D。 3．（河南省2015年中考英语试题）—Why don’t you like fishing? —Fishing is a hobby needs much patience, but I’m not patient at all. A．who B．that C．it D．what 【答案】B 【解析】【详解】句意：——你为什么不喜欢钓鱼？——钓鱼的爱好需要很大的耐心，但我根本没有耐心。考查定语从句的用法。who谁；that那；it它；what什么。先行词a hobby是物，在定语从句中作主语，可知用关系代词that或which引导此定语从句，结合选项可知选B。 4．The story ______ I read in the newspaper was about a common problem among teenagers. A．whose B．who C．that D．where 【答案】C 【解析】【详解】句意：我在报纸上读到的那个故事是关于青少年的一个普遍问题。考查定语从句的先行词。这里指代我在报纸上所读的故事，用that作为定语从句的先行词。故选C。

高中英语语法之四种名词性从句

四种名词性从句(宾语从句、主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句)讲解与练习 ◆学习宾语从句学习宾语从句的连词、语序、时态和各种变化及特殊用法(直接引证变间接引语也在宾语从句的基础上还要进行人称、状语、少数动词和句型的变化)是为学习其它三种名词性从句(主从、表从、同位从)做铺垫，连词、语序、时态基本相同，只是后三种考点相对宾.语从句少的多，主要是对连词的应用进行考查。所以学好宾语从句是必要的。宾语从句三注意三特殊一注意:注意引导词(连词) 由陈述句转化而来的宾语从句，引导词为that，that 在口语或非正式文体中可省略;由一般疑问句转化而来的宾语从句，引导词为if或whether;由特殊疑问句转化而来的宾语从句，引导词为句子本身的特殊疑问词，即what, when，where 等。 Eg：Tom says(that)he will fly to Beijing tomorrow. 汤姆说他明天将要坐飞机去北京二注意:注意从句语序. 宾语从句的语序应该为陈述句语序即“主语+谓语+宾语+其他”。也就是说将疑问句转化成宾语从句时，一定要将疑问句语序转变成陈述句语序。 Can you tell me what he is doing能告诉我他正在做什么吗? <特别提醒>当疑问句在宾语从句中做主语时，语序不变。 Eg：Do you know what makes him so angry? 你知道什么事使他如此生气吗？ <特别提醒>如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理或是科学事实，其谓语动词仍用一般现在.时态。 Eg：Our teacher told us that the sun is much bigger than the moon. 老师告诉我们说太阳比月球大得多。 ◆主语从句(与宾词从句连词、语序、时态相同。只是不能用if, that 不可省;) (一)、主语从句是一个句子，在句子中作主语成分。 (二)，主语从句的特点 1.与宾语从句使用同样的连接词，只是if不能用; 1)、陈述句用that。 2)、一般疑问句用whether。 3)、特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词what, which, who,when, where, why, how等词引导。 2.以it为形式主语出现 Eg：1.It's true that the earth is round. That the earth is round is true. 2.表是否的意思时，不能用if代替whether. It hasn't been decided whether he'll come or not. Whether he'll come or not hasn't been decided. 3.从句语序为主谓宾正常语序。 Why didn't he come? Why he didn't come is not known. （三）特殊疑问词变化 Whoever=no matter who=any one who Whomever=no matter who=any one who