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Unit 4 Business Letters and Correspondence

Unit 4 Business Letters and Correspondence
Unit 4 Business Letters and Correspondence

Unit 4 Business Letters and Correspondence

Writing Letters

●Letters are the basic means of communication between organizations and millions are written every day.

●You will be expected to write letters regularly.

●The higher your position, the more letters you will write.

●Letters, like other communication, should be honest, clear, concise, comprehensive, accessible, correct, professional, and accurate.

●Information must be conveyed in a logical order.

●Letters should not contain small talk, and the first paragraph of a letter should get to the point right away.

●Topic sentences should start each paragraph in the body to help the reader locate information quickly. Avoiding Letter Clichés

●Many words and phrases have become associated with business letters (ex: as per your request).

●These phrases make a letter sound stiff and insincere.

●Some letter clichés:

attached please find, cognizant of, enclosed please find, endeavor, herewith, hereinabove, in receipt of, permit me to say, pursuant to our agreement, referring to your, wish to advice, the writer (the writer believes that...)

Understanding the Elements of a Letter

●Almost every letter contains a heading, inside address, salutation, body, complimentary close, signature, and reference initials.

●Some letters include an attention line, subject line, enclosure line, and a copy line.

Heading

●Most organizations use letterhead stationary with the organization's name, address, phone number, email address, and perhaps a logo printed at the top.

●The pre-printed information and the date the letter is sent make up the heading.

●Use letterhead for the first page of a letter and do not number it. Use blank pages for the remaining pages of the letter and carry over the name of the recipient, the page number, and the date in the upper left hand corner.

Mr. John Cummings

Page 2

July 3, 2011

Inside Address

●The inside address consists of the recipients name, position, organization, and business address.

●If the person has a title (Dr., Professor, etc.) use it.

●If the position fits on the same line as the name, add it after a comma, if not, drop it to the line below.

●Spell the recipient company's name as the company itself does (Ex: International Business Machines calls itself IBM)

●Include the complete mailing address: street number, name, city, state, and zip code.

Ms. Vanessa Stranger

Director of Quality Assurance

Viscount Systems Inc.

400 Harbor View Drive

San Jose, CA 98213

Attention Line

●Sometimes you will be unable to address a letter to a particular person because you don't know (and cannot easily find) the name of the person who holds a position in the company.

●In these cases use an attention line.

-Attention: Technical Director

●You can also use an attention line if you want to make sure the organization you are writing to responds, even if the person the letter is addressed to is unavailable.

●In this case, put the name of the organization or one of its departments on the first line of the inside address.

Attention Line

Operations Department

Haverford Electronics

117 County Line Road

Haverford, MA 01765

Attention: Charles Fulbright, Director

Subject Line

●Subject lines will consist of a project number ( Project 31402) or a brief phrase defining the subject (Ex: Price Quotation for the R13 Submersible Pump)

Operations Department

Haverford Electronics

117 County Line Road

Haverford, MA 01765

Attention: Charles Fulbright, Director

Subject: Purchase Order # 41763

Salutation

●If you decide not to use an attention line or a subject line, put in a salutation two lines below the Inside address.

●The traditional salutation is Dear, followed by the reader’s title and last name, followed by a colon (not

a comma). If you are well acquainted with the recipient, use Dear followed by the person’s first name.

●If you don't know the name, use a general salutation.

General Salutations:

-Dear Technical Director:

-Dear Sir or Madam:

-Dear Homeowner:

-Dear Customer

●If Addressing Groups, use the following:

-Ladies and Gentlemen:

-Gentlemen:

-Ladies:

●Or tailor your salutation to a particular group:

-Dear Members of the Restoration Committee:

Body

●The body contains the substance of the letter.

●In most cases it consists of one to three paragraphs: and introductory paragraph, concluding paragraph,

and one or more body paragraphs.

Complimentary Close

●A complimentary close follows the body of your letter.

●Today, the conventional phrases for a complimentary close include: Sincerely, Sincerely yours, Yours sincerely, Yours very truly, Very truly yours.

●Capitalize only the first word in the phrase.

●It’s generally best to stick with Sincerely.

Signature

●Type your full name on the fourth line below the complimentary close.

●Sign the letter, in ink, above the typewritten name. Most organizations prefer that you include your position under your typed name.

Enclosure Line

●If the letter has extra documents that are being sent with it, include an enclosure line that indicates the number of enclosures.

●In determining enclosures, count only separate items, not separate pages.

-A three page memo and a ten page report consist of two enclosures.

●It is good to identify the enclosures for the reader.

Copy Line

●If you want the primary recipient to know that other people are receiving a copy of the letter, include a copy line.

●Use the symbol c for copy and pc for photo copy followed by the names of other recipients.

●If you do not want the primary recipient to know about the other copies, use bc(blind copy) on the copies only, not the original.

Letter Formats

●The common formats for letters include Full Block, Modified Block, and Modified Semi Block.

●The text book examines Full Block on page 18 and 19.

●I will send examples of each letter style for you to examine.

Common Types of Letters

●There are six letter types this class will discuss:

-Order

-Inquiry

-Response to Inquiry

-Sales

-Claim

-Adjustment

Order Letters

●The most basic form of business letter. Used to make a purchase from another company.

●The writer should include any information that the reader will need to identify the merchandise that you want including quantity, model number, dimensions, capacity, material, price, and any other pertinent details.

●Specify a method for delivery.

Inquiry Letter

●Used to obtain information.

●Use the following guidelines to write inquiry letters.

-State why you are writing to the person or organization.

-List your questions.

-Offer something in return since you are asking someone to do something for you.

-Always write a thank-you note to the person who has responded to our inquiry letter.

●State why you are writing to the person or organization.

-First explain why you want information, and then explain how that information will be used.

●A company will not want to give out information that might be used against them.

-Mention when you will need the information by.

●List your questions.

-Companies do not like vague requests such as “send me everything you have on the topic”.

-They prefer specific sets of questions demonstrating that you have already looked into their product and are worth the company's time.

●Offer something in return since you are asking someone to do something for you.

-In many cases, all you can offer a reader are the results of your research, but if so, say that you would be happy to send a copy of your final report.

-Express appreciation in advance.

●Always write a thank-you note to the person who has responded to our inquiry letter.

Response to an Inquiry

●Sometimes you will receive an Inquiry letter and need to respond.

-If you receive numbered questions, number your responses.

-If you can't answer questions, explain why and offer to assist with other requests.

Sales Letter

●Your attitude is crucial in a sales letter.

●Your reader's don't care why you want to sell your product or service.

●The want to know why they should bother to buy it.

●Because you are asking them to spend time reading your sales letter, you need to provide clear information on what you are selling and why buying it would benefit them.

Sales Letter Guidelines

●Gain the Reader's attention:

-Unless the opening sentence of a sales letter seems interesting or important, a reader will toss it aside. -Use facts, quotations, or questions to identify a problem that will interest your reader.

●How much have construction costs risen since your plant was built? Do you know how much it would cost to rebuild at today's prices?

●Use facts, quotations, or questions to identify a problem that will interest your reader.

-How much have construction costs risen since your plant was built? Do you know how much it would cost to rebuild at today's prices?

-The Data fix copier is better than the Xerox – and it costs less, too.

-If you're like most training directors, we bet you've seen your share of empty promises.

●Describe the product or service you are trying to sell.

-What does it do?

-How does it work?

-What problems does it solve?

●Describe the product or service you are trying to sell.

-The Data fix copier features automatic loading, so your people don't waste time watching the copies come out. Data fix copies from a two-sided original automatically! And Data fix can turn out 90 copies a minute, which is 25 percent faster than our fastest competitor.

●Convince the reader that your claims are accurate.

-Refer to user's experience, or testimonials, or evaluations by reputable experts or testing laboratories.

●In a recent evaluation conducted by Office Management Today, more than 85 percent of our customers said they would buy a Data fix. The next best competitor is 71 percent. And Data fix earned a Highly Reliable rating, the highest recommendation in the reliability category All in all, Data fix scored higher tan any other copier in the desktop business.

●Tell the reader how to find out more about your product or service.

-Make it easy for the reader to buy your product. The next step is contacting your company, so provide a postcard or web address that the reader can use to request more information or arrange for a visit from one of your sales representatives.

Claim Letter

●A claim letter is used to make a complaint.

●If you purchase a defective item, or receive inadequate service, you write a claim letter.

●The purpose of a claim letter is to convince the recipient that you are an honest customer who is justifiably dissatisfied.

●If your letter is convincing, your chances of being reimbursed are good.

●Most companies pay attention to reasonable customers because unhappy customers are bad for business.

●Claims letters help manufacturers identify weak points in their product or service.

●Identify the product or service.

-List the model numbers, serial numbers, sizes, and any other pertinent data.

●Explain the problem.

-State the problem clearly and specifically. What function does not work? What exactly is wrong with the service?

●Propose an adjustment.

●Conclude courteously.

●Propose an adjustment.

-Define what you want the company to do for you (refund the purchase price, replace or repair the item, or improve the service).

●Conclude courteously.

-You might suggest that you trust the company.

-Kindness is usually better than anger.

Adjustment Letters

●An adjustment letter is a response to a claims letter.

●These letters tell a customer how your company plans to handle their problem.

●Your purpose is to explain whether you are granting all of a customers request, part of it, or none of it. You also wish to demonstraight that you value the customer's business.

●If you cannot grant a request, try to salvage as much goodwill as you can.

●Do your best to show that your company has acted reasonably.

●Meet the customer on some neutral ground.

●Explain why your company is not at fault.

●State that your company is denying the request for the reasons that you have noted.

●Create goodwill.

简单获取windows7管理员权限

在使用windows7过程中,常常会再出现没有管理员权限而不能正常运行软件(有的软件直接就是打不开,有的软件不能正常运行(比如如果没有管理员权限,keil就不能注册成功))....也许你会说,我的电脑里只有一个用户,这个用户应该就是管理员啊!不.如果你在安装windows7系统的时候,在那个输入用户信息的地方输入了一个用户名,那么你就新建了一个个人用户,但这个用户并不是管理员.真正的管理员是Administrator.有下面两种方法可以得到windows7的管理员权限. 方法一: 在桌面建一个文本文档(也就是.txt文件).双击打开.把下面的代码复制进去.再把这个文本文件改名为windows7管理员权限.reg(一般电脑已知后缀是隐藏起来的,也就是说你新建的文本文件名字是"新建文本文档"而不是"新建文本文档.txt"如果是这样,你就要先打开"计算机",左上角有个"组织",点开后有个"文件夹和搜索选项",然后"查看"然后下面有个"显示隐藏的文件,文件夹和驱动器"把这个选上再"确定一下"那个文本文件名字就是"新建文本文档.txt"了.再把它的名字改成windows7管理员权限.reg )如果改完后提示后缀改变,那就说明改对了.双击打开改好的文件,提示写入注册表,后你就有全部管理员权限了. 复制以下代码: Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00 [HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\*\shell\runas] @="管理员取得所有权" "NoWorkingDirectory"="" [HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\*\shell\runas\command] @="cmd.exe /c takeown /f \"%1\" && icacls \"%1\" /grant administrators:F" "IsolatedCommand"="cmd.exe /c takeown /f \"%1\" && icacls \"%1\" /grant administrators:F" [HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\exefile\shell\runas2] @="管理员取得所有权" "NoWorkingDirectory"="" [HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\exefile\shell\runas2\command] @="cmd.exe /c takeown /f \"%1\" && icacls \"%1\" /grant administrators:F" "IsolatedCommand"="cmd.exe /c takeown /f \"%1\" && icacls \"%1\" /grant administrators:F" [HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Directory\shell\runas] @="管理员取得所有权" "NoWorkingDirectory"="" [HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Directory\shell\runas\command] @="cmd.exe /c takeown /f \"%1\" /r /d y && icacls \"%1\" /grant administrators:F /t" "IsolatedCommand"="cmd.exe /c takeown /f \"%1\" /r /d y && icacls \

windows系统权限管理分析

windows系统权限管理分析 1权限 windows中,权限指的是不同账户对文件,文件夹,注册表等的访问能力。 在Windows系统中,用户名和密码对系统安全的影响毫无疑问是最重要。通过一定方式获得计算机用户名,然后再通过一定的方法获取用户名的密码,已经成为许多黑客的重要攻击方式。即使现在许多防火墙软件不端涌现,功能也逐步加强,但是通过获取用户名和密码的攻击方式仍然时有发生。而通过加固Windows系统用户的权限,在一定程度上对安全有着很大的帮助。 Windows是一个支持多用户、多任务的操作系统,不同的用户在访问这台计算机时,将会有不同的权限。 "权限"(Permission)是针对资源而言的。也就是说,设置权限只能是以资源为对象,即"设置某个文件夹有哪些用户可以拥有相应的权限",而不能是以用户为主。这就意味着"权限"必须针对"资源"而言,脱离了资源去谈权限毫无意义──在提到权限的具体实施时,"某个资源"是必须存在的。 利用权限可以控制资源被访问的方式,如User组的成员对某个资源拥有"读取"操作权限、Administrators组成员拥有"读取+写入+删除"操作权限等。 值得一提的是,有一些Windows用户往往会将"权利"与"权限"两个非常相似的概念搞混淆,这里做一下简单解释:“权利"(Right)主要是针对用户而言的。"权力"通常包含"登录权力" (Logon Right)和"特权"(Privilege)两种。登录权力决定了用户如何登录到计算机,如是否采用本地交互式登录、是否为网络登录等。特权则是一系列权力的总称,这些权力主要用于帮助用户对系统进行管理,如是否允许用户安装或加载驱动程序等。显然,权力与权限有本质上的区别。 2六大用户组 Windows是一个支持多用户、多任务的操作系统,不同的用户在访问这台计算机时,将会有不同的权限。同时,对用户权限的设置也是是基于用户和进程而言的,Windows 里,用户被分成许多组,组和组之间都有不同的权限,并且一个组的用户和用户之间也可以有不同的权限。以下就是常见的用户组。

windows 7系统文件夹管理员权限的获取方法

windows 7系统文件夹管理员权限的获取方法 windows 7系统不仅在界面上下了很多功夫,而且在安全方面也做了很多工作。但是这也给很多win7系统用户带来了麻烦----在win7下替换、修改或删除系统中某个文件夹往往都需要取得管理员权限,特别是系统盘(C盘)下的文件夹。这里教大家如何获得win7文件夹权限,并给大家提供一个修改win7注册表的reg,运行之后右键选择"获得权限"即可获得win7下整个文件夹的管理权限。 Win 7下管理员权限修改方法原理 我们以系统盘下的zh-CN文件夹为例 1、在zh-CN文件夹图标上面点击鼠标右键,再点击属性,如图1: 2、打开文件夹属性选项卡,按顺序单击:安全》高级》所有者》编辑,选中Administrators用户组(或者你的用户所在的组),同时勾选下面的"替换子容器及对象的所有者"。确定并关闭属性对话框即获取该文件的所有权。如图2:

3、再次单击鼠标右键打开属性对话框,依次单击:安全》高级,选中下面的两个勾,然后点击编辑,选中并双击Administrators(或者你的用户所在的组>; 单击"完全控制",按确定依次退出即可,如图3:

4、OK,至此你已经拥有这个文件夹的管理权限,可以进行下一步的修改和替换了。 Win 7下管理员权限获得注册表reg修改方法 以下为引用的内容: Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00 [HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT*shellrunas] @="管理员取得所有权" "NoWorkingDirectory"="" [HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT*shellrunascommand] @="cmd.exe /c takeown /f "%1" & icacls "%1" /grant administrators:F" "IsolatedCommand"="cmd.exe /c takeown /f "%1" & icacls "%1" /grant administrators:F" [HKEY_CLASSES_ROOTexefileshellrunas2] @="管理员取得所有权" "NoWorkingDirectory"="" [HKEY_CLASSES_ROOTexefileshellrunas2command] @="cmd.exe /c takeown /f "%1" & icacls "%1" /grant administrators:F" "IsolatedCommand"="cmd.exe /c takeown /f "%1" & icacls "%1" /grant administrators:F" [HKEY_CLASSES_ROOTDirectoryshellrunas] @="管理员取得所有权" "NoWorkingDirectory"="" [HKEY_CLASSES_ROOTDirectoryshellrunascommand] @="cmd.exe /c takeown /f "%1" /r /d y & icacls "%1" /grant administrators:F /t"

windows权限设置

windows中,权限指的是不同账户对文件,文件夹,注册表等的访问能力在windows中,为不同的账户设置权限很重要,可以防止重要文件被其他人所修改,使系统崩溃 我们可以在控制面板中设置账户时设置权限 作为微软第一个稳定且安全的操作系统,Windows XP经过几年的磨合过渡期,终于以超过Windows系列操作系统50%的用户占有量成为目前用户使用最多的操作系统。在慢慢熟悉了Windows XP后,人们逐渐开始不满足基本的系统应用了,他们更加渴望学习一些较深入且实用的知识,以便能让系统充分发挥出Windows XP 的高级性能。 因此本文以Windows XP Professional版本为平台,引领大家感受一下Windo ws XP在"权限"方面的设计魅力! 一、什么是权限 Windows XP提供了非常细致的权限控制项,能够精确定制用户对资源的访问控制能力,大多数的权限从其名称上就可以基本了解其所能实现的内容。 " 权限"(Permission)是针对资源而言的。也就是说,设置权限只能是以资源为对象,即"设置某个文件夹有哪些用户可以拥有相应的权限",而不能是以用户为主,即"设置某个用户可以对哪些资源拥有权限"。这就意味着"权限"必须针对"资源"而言,脱离了资源去谈权限毫无意义──在提到权限的具体实施时,"某个资源"是必须存在的。 利用权限可以控制资源被访问的方式,如User组的成员对某个资源拥有"读取"操作权限、Administrators组成员拥有"读取+写入+删除"操作权限等。 值得一提的是,有一些Windows用户往往会将"权力"与"权限"两个非常相似的概念搞混淆,这里做一下简单解释:"权力"(Right)主要是针对用户而言的。"权力"通常包含"登录权力" (Logon Right)和"特权"(Privilege)两种。登录权力决定了用户如何登录到计算机,如是否采用本地交互式登录、是否为网络登录等。特权则是一系列权力的总称,这些权力主要用于帮助用户对系统进行管理,如是否允许用户安装或加载驱动程序等。显然,权力与权限有本质上的区别。 二、安全标识符、访问控制列表、安全主体 说到Windows XP的权限,就不能不说说"安全标识符"(Security Identifier, SI D)、"访问控制列表"(Access Control List,ACL)和安全主体(Security Principal)这三个与其息息相关的设计了。 1.安全标识符 安全标识符在Windows XP中,系统是通过SID对用户进行识别的,而不是很多用户认为的"用户名称"。SID可以应用于系统内的所有用户、组、服务或计算机,因为SID是一个具有惟一性、绝对不会重复产生的数值,所以,在删除了一个账户(如

WINDOWS 用户权限怎么设置

WINDOWS 用户权限怎么设置 二O一一年月日製作 首先申明我的系統是香港的繁體正版的 在開始運行里輸入cont rol userp asswo rds2 (權限管理) 按確定 輸入密碼: 注明:一般電腦沒有多個用戶密碼是空的 有多個用戶沒有設定Adm inis trat ou密碼的直

接確定就可以了 電腦使用者帳戶: 下面就是設置用戶權限的: 選擇下面用戶 A d minis tr a to rs, A d min yt A d mi nis tr a to rs管理员组

Gue s t Gue s ts:来宾组 Mrp2P o we r Us e rs,高级用户组 選擇內容

選擇群組成員資格設定改用戶的權限: 下面是你所選擇用戶分配的權限:

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