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育明考博秘籍：北京体育大学2015考博英语英译汉方法和技巧

2015育明考博考博英语教研组悉心整理考博英语英译汉方法和技巧，希望能够帮助同学们在今后的复习过程中畅通无阻。联系我们扣扣：四九三三七一六二六。电话：四零零六六八六九七八

?2词的增减

?1)增词

?Histories make men wise,mathematics subtle,logic and rhetoric able to contend.

?历史使人明智，数学使人周密，逻辑学和修辞学使人善辩。

?2)减词

?Ladies and gentlemen at the meeting.

?与会人员

?二句型结构的翻译

?1定语结构

?1)后置定语前移

?There will be television chat shows hosted by robots,and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.

?届时，将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车，一旦这些汽车污染超标，监控器就会使其停驶。

?2)定语从句和主句分译

?Actually,it isn’t,because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights,which is something the world does not have.

?事实并非如此，因为这种说法是以人们对人权有共同的认识为基础的，而这种共同的认识在世界上并不存在。

?2被动语态

?1)被动结构译为主动结构

?However,the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world’s more fascinating and delightful aspects.

?然而，世界就是如此，完美的体系一般而言是无法解决世界上某些更加引人入胜的课题的。

?2)被动结构译为被动结构

?The device was used in ancient Egypt to drain and irrigate land in the Nile Valley.

?在古埃及的尼罗河流域，这种设备被用来排水河灌溉。

?3)被动结构译为无主句(被动结构表示观点，态度和意向，且句中不包含动作执行者时，被动结构可译为无主句。翻译是、时加入“必须”，“才能”等表示观点态度的助动词)

?Full use must be made of human resources.

?必须充分利用人力资源。

?4)被动结构译为判断句(描述事物的性质和状态)

?The economic development is to a great extent decided by science and technology.

?经济的发展很大程度上是由科学技术决定的。

补充：英译汉中的惯用法

2011年真题惯用法：

The conscious mind意识

Be faced with面临

Be designed to旨在，用来

The best in us我们身上最好的品质

Escape from摆脱….,

An array of一系列，大量

Be up to取决于某人;是某人的职责

Be unlikely to不大会，未必会

In need贫困中的;困难中的

本文由“育明考博”整理编辑

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浙大考博英语真题部分考试

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英语范文35篇 根据教育部1992年颁布的《研究生英语教学大纲》（以下简称大纲《大纲》 的要求：“非英语专业博士研究生英语入学水平原则上应达到或高于硕士生的通过水平。”《大纲》中对硕士生的写作要求是“掌握基本写作技能（如文章结构、段落展开和起承转合等），能按具体要求，在一小时内写出250词左右的短文，正确表达思想，语意连贯，无重大语言错误。” 第一部分写作文的要求，评分标准及考试中普遍存在的问题 一考试要求 1．文章内容切题。审题准确,不跑题。 2．表达清楚。语言简洁、准确、说理清楚,读者能从作文内容清楚理解作者写作意图。 3．意义连贯。文字连贯、层次分明、意义表达完整。要使文章意义连贯必须具有一 定的技能，包括较强的语感，遣词造句能力和文章谋篇布局的组织能力； 4．语言规范。符合英语表达的习惯、语法错误较少、语言基本功扎实，最终避免中式英语。 二作文的评分标准及样卷介绍 14 分: 内容符合要求, 包括了标题或提纲中的全部内容;语言流畅;层次分明,句式有 变化。词汇丰富,句子结构和用词准确,文章长度符合要求。 11分：内容符合要求，包括了标题或提纲中的全部内容；文字连贯，句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误，文章长度符合要求。 8分：内容符合要求，包括了标题或提纲中多数内容；基本清楚表达的主题的内涵； 句子结构和用词有少量错误，个别是大错。文章长度符合要求。 5 分：内容基本切题，基本表达了标题或提纲中的内容；文字连贯，语言可以理解， 但有较多的结构和用词错误，且大错较多。文章长度基本符合要求。 2 分：基本切题，但语句支离破碎，只有少数句子可以理解。 0 分：文不切题。只将预先背诵的某篇文章默写下来，或语句混乱，无法理解。 附：14 分样卷 Topic：With her entry into WTO, China is being plunged into an international competition for talents, and in particular, for higher- level talents. To face this new challenge, China must do something, among other things, to reform her graduate(postgraduate) education system. State your opinion aobut this reform, and give the solid supporting details to your viewpoint. With China’s entry into WTO, she is facing a lot of chances and challenges in many aspects. As far as talents are concerned, China is being plunged into an international competition for talents, especially for higher-level talents. In order to adapt this new challenge, China must do something, among other things, to reform her graduate education system.