美国文学课堂练习2
1. Stetement ____________ is wrong in describing Nathaniel Hawthorne.
A. Hawthorne is a realist writer.
B. Hawthorne is also a great allegorist.
C. Hawthorne is a master of symbolism.
D. One source of evil that Hawthorne is concerned most is over-reaching intellect.
2. Thoreau was often alone in the woods or by the pond, lost in spiritual communication with _________________.
A. nature
B. transcendentalist ideas
C. human beings
D. celestial beings
3. The Transcendentalist group includes two of the most significant writers America has produced so far, Emerson and ____________-.
A. Henry David Thoreau
B. Washington Irving
C. Nathaniel Hawthorne
D. Walt Whitman
4. _____________tells a simple but very moving story in which four people living in a puritan community are involved in and affected by the sin of adultery in different ways.
A. Twice-Told Tales
B. The Scarlet Letter
C. The House of the Seven Gables
D. The Marble Faun
5. The Romantic Period of American literature started with the publication of Washington Irving's ___________ and ended with Whitman's Leaves of Grass.
A. The Sketch Book
B. Tales of a Traveler
C. The Alhambra
D. A History of New York
6. As a philosophical and literary movement, _________ flourished in New England from the 1830s to the Civil War.
A. modernism
B. rationalism
C. sentimentalism
D. transcendentalism
7. In Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter, “A” may stands for ______________.
A. Adultery
B. Angel
C. Amiable
D. All the above
8. Poe's first collection of short stories is _______________.
A. Tales of a Traveller
B. Leatherstocking Tales
C. Canterbury Tales
D. Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque
9. All of the following are works by Nathaniel Hawthorne except_____________.
A. The House of Seven Gables
B. White Jacket
C. The Marble Faun
D. The Blithdale Romance
10. The main theme of Emily Dickinson is the following except_______________.
A. religion
B. love and marriage
C. life and death
D. war and peace
11. Emily Dickinson's poetic idiom is noted for the following except_____________.
A. brevity
B. directness
C. plainest
D. obscure
12. The Age of Realism in the literary history of the America refers to the period from ____to ___________.
A. 1861-1914
B. 1863-1918
C. 1865-1914
D. 1865-1918
13. ___________is not the representative writer in the Age of Realism in the literary history of the United States.
A. Henry James
B. Emily Dickinson
C.William Dean Howells
D. Mark Twain
14. _________is considered to be Theodore Dreiser's greatest work.
A. An American Tragedy
B. Sister Carrie
C. The Financier
D. The Titan
15. ___________is a novella about a young American girl who gets “killed” by the writer in Rome, and it brought Henry James international fame for the first time.
A. The American
B. The Europeans
C. Daisy Miller
D. The Portrait of a Lady
16. Stylistically, Henry James's fiction is characterized by ___________--.
A. highly refined language
B. ordinary American speech
C. short, clear sentences
D. abundance of local images
17. Mark Twain, one of the greatest 19th century American writers, is well known for his _________________.
A. international theme
B. wasteland imagery
C. local color
D. symbolism
18. With Howells, James and Mark Twain active on the literary scene,_________ became the major trend in American literature in the seventies and eighties of 19th century.
A. sentimentalism
B. romanticism
C. realism
D. naturalism
19. Generally speaking, all those writers with a naturalistic approach to human reality tend to be _________________.
A. transcendentalists
B. idealists
C. pessimists
D. impressionists
20. Henry James experimented with many different themes in his literary career, the most influential one being___________.
A. nothingness
B. disillusionment
C. international theme
D. relationship between men and women
21. Theodore Dreiser is generally regarded as one of America's_____________.
A. naturalists
B. realists
C. modernists
D. romanticists
22. The book from w hich “all modern American literature comes” refers to __________.
A. The Great Gatsby
B. The Sun Also Rises
C. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
D. Moby Dick
23. The impact of Darwin's evolutionary theory on the American thought and the influence of the 19th century French literature on the American men of letters gave rise to yet another school of realism: American ___________-.
A. modernism
B. naturalism
C. vernacularism
D. local colorism
24. ___________-is often acclaimed literary spokesman of the Jazz Age.
A. Ernest Hemingway
B. F.Scott Fitzgerald
C. William /Faulkner
D. Ezra Pound
25. The great transcendental work by Henry David Thoreau is .
A. Nature
B. Walden
C. Experience
D. Essays
26. Mark Twain shaped the world's view of America and made a combination of and serious literature.
A. American folk humor
B. funny jokes
C. English folklore
D. American values
27. is not a novel of Francis Scott Fitzgerald.
A. Tender is the night
B. Anna Christie
C. The Beautiful and the Dammed
D. The Great Gatsby
28. Sister Carrie is a masterpiece of work.
A. romantic
B. classic
C. neo-classic
D. naturalistic
29. "God help them that help themselves" is found in 's work.
A. Franklin
B. Freneau
C. Jefferson
D. Paine
30. O Captain! My Captain! was written in memory of .
A. Walt Whitman
B. Benjamin Franklin
C. Abraham Lincoln
D. Martin Luther King
31. ___ is not written by Ralph Waldo Emerson.
A. Self-reliance
B. Nature
C. The American Scholar
D. The Bells
1._____，a typical example of old English poetry ,is regarded today as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons.
A. The Canterbury Tales
B. The Ballad of Robin Hood
C. The Song of Beowulf
D. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
2. _____is the most common foot in English poetry.
A. The anapest
B. The trochee
C. The iamb
D. The dactyl
3. Which does not belong to Geoffrey Chaucer’s contribution to English contribution?
A. the introduction of the Heroic Couplet
B. the first poet who write in Middle English
C. the founder of English materialism
D. making London dialect the foundation of modern English
4. “So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, /So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.”(Shakespeare, Sonnets18)What does“this”refer to ?
A. Lover.
B. Time.
C. Summer.
D. Poetry.
5. “Yahoos” from the novel_____ written by Jonathan Swift are described to be very much similar to human beings in outward appearance and their unworthy actions as well.
A. Gulliver’s Travels
B. Robinson Crusoe
C. The Canterbury Tales
D. Paradise Lost
6. The term “metaphysical poetry”is commonly used to name the works of the 17th-century writers who wrote under the influence of ____.
A. John Milton
B. John Donne
C. John Keats
D. John Bunyan
7. Which of the following is not among Shakespeare’s four great tragedies?
A. Hamlet
B. Romeo and Juliet
C. Macbeth
D. King Lear
8. ____is the first important English essayist and the founder of modern science in England.
A. Francis Bacon
B. Edmund Spenser
C. Alexander Pope
D. Sidney
9. What flourished in Elizabethan age more than any other form of literature?
A. novel
B. drama
C. essay
D. Poetry
10. Paradise Lost is the masterpiece of_______.
A. William Shakespeare
B. Robert Buns
C. John Milton
D. William Blake
11. “To be or not to be” has become a universal question puzzling every intellectual mind. This is a quotation from______.
A. King Lear
B. Hamlet
C. Romeo and Juliet
D. Othello
12. “Poetry is the Spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling” was put forward by_______.
A. Robert Buns
B. William Blake
C. William Wordsworth
D. Charles Lamb
13. Which of the following writings can be regarded as typically belonging to the school of Romantic literature?
A. Don Juan
B. Ulysses
C. Jane Eyre
D. Sons and Lovers
14. Which of the following writers is NOT the winner of Nobel Prize for literature?
A. George Bernard Shaw
B. W. B. Yeats
C. T. S. Eliot
D. Virginia Woolf
15. is regarded as “the father of English fiction”.
A. John Milton
B. Francis Bacon
C. Daniel Defoe
D. Charles Dickens
16. “Art for art’s sake” was p ut forth by ______.
A. aestheticism
B. naturalism
C. realism
D. neo-romanticism
17. A typical feature of the English __________literature is that the writers became social and moral critics, exposing all kinds of social evils.
A. Renaissance
B. Romantic
C. Victorian
D. Medieval
18.The following works are all of Charles Dickens except ___________.
A.Oliver Twist
B. David Copperfield
C. Great Expectations
D. Vanity Fair
19. In terms of Pride and Prejudice, which is not true?
A. Pride and Prejudice is the most popular of Jane Austen’s novels.
B. Pride and Prejudice is originally drafted as “First Impressions”.
C. Pride and Prejudice is a tragic novel.
D. In this novel, the author explores the relationship between great love and realistic benefits.
20. Which of the following poet does not belong to Victorian age?
A. Matthew Arnold
B. Robert Browning
C. William Blake
D. Alfred Tennyson
Match the literary work with the author.
1. Geoffrey Chaucer A. A Red, Red Rose
2. Thomas Hardy B. Ode to the West Wind
3. John Milton C. Heart of Darkness
4. Charlotte Bronte D. Sense and Sensibility
5. Robert Burns E. The Canterbury Tales
6. Joseph Conrad F. Paradise Lost
7. Jane Austen G. Sons and Lovers
8. Charles Dickens H. Jane Eyre
9. D.H. Lawrence I. David Copperfield
10. Percy Bysshe Shelley J. Tess of the D’Urbervilles
美国文学史及选读期末复习
美国文学史复习1（colonialism) 第一部分殖民主义时期的文学 一、时期综述 1、清教徒采用的文学体裁：a、narratives 日记 b、journals 游记 2、清教徒在美国的写作内容： 1）their voyage to the new land 2) Adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops 3) About dealing with Indians 4) Guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit 3、清教徒的思想： 1）puritan want to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices 净化信仰和行为方式 2) Wish to restore simplicity to church and the authority of the Bible to the theology. 重建教堂，提供简单服务，建立神圣地位 3）look upon themselves as chosen people, and it follow logically that anyone who challenged their way of life is opposing God's will and is not to be accepted. 认为自己是上帝选民，对他们的生活有异议就是反对上帝 4）puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated. 反对对快乐和艺术的追求到了十分荒唐的地步 5）religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a wrathful God.强调上帝严厉的一面，忽视上帝仁慈的一面。 4、典型的清教徒： John Cotton & Roger William 他们的不同：John Cotton was much more concerned with authority than with democracy; William begins the history of religious toleration in America. 5、William的宗教观点：Toleration did not stem from a lack of religious convictions. Instead, it sprang from the idea that simply to be virtuous in conduct and devout in belief did not give anyone the right to force belief on others. He also felt that no political order or church system could identify itself directly with God. 行为上的德，信仰上的诚，并没有给任何人强迫别人该如何行事的权利。没有任何政治秩序和教会体制能够直接体现神本身的意旨。 6、英国最早移民到美国的诗人：Anne Bradstreet 7、在殖民时期最好的清教徒诗人：the best of Puritan poets is Edward Tayor. 学习指南： 1、Could you give a description of American Puritans? 关于美国清教徒的描绘 Like their brothers back in England, were idealists, believing that the church should be restored to the "purity" of the first-century church as established by Jesus Christ himself. To them religion was a matter of primary importance. They made it their chief business to see that man lived and thought and acted in a way which tended to the glory of God. They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God, all that John Calvin, the great French theologian who lived in Geneva had preached. It was this kind of religious belief that they brought with them into the wildness. There they meaant to prove that were God's chosen people enjoying his blessings on this earth as in Heaven. 2、Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety were the Puritan values that dominated much of the earliest American writing. 3、The work of two writers, Anne Bradstreet & Edward Taylor, rose to the level of real poetry. 4、The earliest settlers included Dutch, Swedes, Germans, French, Spaniards Italian, and Portuguese. 美国文学史复习2（reason and revolution) (2009-01-17 15:54:25) 一、美国的性质： The war for Independence ended in the formation of a Federative bourgeois democratic republic - the United States of America. 联邦的资产阶级民主共和国--美利坚合众国。 二、代表作家： 1、Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林 1706-1790 1）"Poor Richard's Almanac" 穷人查理德的年鉴 annual collection of proverbs 流行谚语集
(完整版)美国文学课后答案
1.Why did Franklin write his Autobiography? Franklin says that because his son may wish to know about his life, he is taking his one week vacation in the English countryside to record his past. He also says that he has enjoyed his life and would like to repeat it 2.What made Franklin decide to leave the brother to whom he had been apprenticed? His brother was passionate, and had often beaten him. The aversion to arbitrary power that has stuck to him through his whole life .After a brush with the law, Franklin left his brother. 3.How did he arrive in Philadephia? First he set out in a boat for Amboy, the boat dropped him off about 50 miles from Burlington, the next day he reached Burlington on foot, in Burlington he found a boat which was going towards Philadelphia, he arrived there about eight or nine o’clock, on the Sunday morning and landed at the Market Street wharf. 4.What features do you find in the style of the above selection? It is the pattern of Puritan simplicity, directness, and concision(言简意赅). The narrative is lucid(易懂的), the structure is simple, the imagery is homely(朴素的). 二、Questions 1.How many characters does Poe include in The Cask of Amontillado? What are these names? Montresor, Fortunato and Luchesi 2. What drink are the French most famous for? Wine 3.Does Montresor have something of great value to him which we might consider to be his treasure? His pride and the pride of his French family heritage. Perhaps his devious plot of revenge. 4.Does Montresor seem to have much respect for Italians? Montresor does not have much respect for Italians. He feels the French are superior, especially with respect to wine. 5.What was Fortunato's insult? Poe does not tell us directly, but only implies it in the third paragraph 6.Which wine does Montresor use to lure Fortunato into the catacombs? "Amontillado" (the Spanish wine; Montresor's ruse to lead Fortunato down into the catacombs. 7.Why does Montresor entertain Fortunato with wines from his collection? Montresor wants to get Fortunato drunk enough to be able to trap him in his plan of vengeance. 8.In what two ways does Montresor imprison Fortunato? He fetters (chains and locks) Fortunato to the wall of the catacombs. He builds a wall to close Fortunato off in a small corner of the catacombs, where Montresor will leave him to die. 9.In what ways is The Cask of Amontillado grotesque? First, which of Montresor's actions are abnormal? The whole obsessive plot of vengeance. The fettering and entombment of Fortunato. Montresor's sick sense of humor. 10.Is there anything grotesque about Fortunato? His obsession with alcohol. His drunkenness. His tendency to berate Luchesi (he may have been drunk and may have insulted Montresor in a similar
美国文学史期末参考复习资料
仅作参考，最主要还是要自己消化，整理 Chapter 1 Colonial Period 1. Puritanism: American puritans accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God. 2. Influence (1) A group of good qualities – hard work, thrift, piety, sobriety (serious and thoughtful) influenced American literature. (2) It led to the everlasting myth. All literature is based on a myth – garden of Eden. (3) Symbolism: the American puritan’s metaphorical mode of perception was chi efly instrumental in calling into being a literary symbolism which is distinctly American. (4) With regard to their writing, the style is fresh, simple and direct; the rhetoric is plain and honest, not without a touch of nobility often traceable to the direct influence of the Bible. II. Overview of the literature 1. types of writing diaries, histories, journals, letters, travel books, autobiographies/biographies, sermons 2. writers of colonial period (1) Anne Bradstreet (2) Edward Taylor III. Benjamin Franklin 1. life 2. works (1) Poor Richard’s Almanac (2) Autobiography 3. contribution (1) He helped found the Pennsylvania Hospital and the American Philosophical Society. (2) He was called “the new Prometheus who had stolen fire (electricity in this case) from heaven”. (3) Everything seems to meet in this one man –“Jack of all trades”. Herman Melville thus described him “master of each and mastered by none”. Chapter 2 American Romanticism Section 1 Early Romantic Period I. American Romanticism 1. Background (1) Political background and economic development (2) Romantic movement in European countries Derivative – foreign influence 2. features (1) American romanticism was in essence the expression of “a real new experience and contained “an alien quality” for the simple reason that “the spirit of the place” was radically new and alien. (2) There is American Puritanism as a cultural heritage to consider. American romantic authors tended more to moralize. Many American romantic writings intended to edify more than they entertained. (3) The “newness” of Americans as a nation is in connection with Am erican Romanticism. (4) As a logical result of the foreign and native factors at work, American romanticism was both imitative and independent. II. Washington Irving: Father of American Literature 1. several names attached to Irving (1) first American writer (2) the messenger sent from the new world to the old world (3) father of American literature 2. life 3. works (1) A History of New York from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty (2) The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. (He won a measure of international recognition with the publication of this.) (3) The History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus (4) A Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada (5) The Alhambra 4. Literary career: two parts (1) 1809~1832
美国文学练习题
5. Hawthorne’s unique gift was for the creation of ________ which touch the deepest roots of man’s moral nature. A. romantic stories B. symbolic stories C. gothic stories D. humorous stories 7. Romanticism appeared as a literary trend against _____. A. rationality B. imagination C. intuition D. individualism 12. _____ held a “black”vision of life and human beings. A. Ralph Waldo Emerson B. Nathaniel Hawthorne C. Edgar Allan Poe D. James Fenimore Cooper 16. Born of one common cultural heritage, the American Romanticists shared some common features..._______, with the English Romanticists. A. an increasing emphasis on the free expression of emotions B. an increasing attention to the psychic states of their characters C. an increasing emphasis on the desire to return to nature D. both A and B 17. _______ was the first great American writer to earn international fame. A. Irving B. Cooper C. Emerson D. Whitman 21. Pearl is the heroine in Hawthorne’s novel _________ . A. Moses from an Old Manse B. Twice-Told Tales C. The Scarlet Letter D. The Blithedale Romance 7. Hester Prynne, Dimmesdale, Chillingworth, ang Pearl are most likely the names of the characters in __________. A.The Scarlet Letter B. The House of the Seven Gables C. The Portrait of a Lady D. The Pioneers 24. Being a period of the flowering of American literature, the Romantic period is also called “_____”. A. the American Renaissance B. the English Renaissance C. the Harlem Renaissance D. the Second Renaissance 5. According to Hawthorne, the scarlet letter “A”which originally stood for “_______” f inally obtained the meaning of “able”or “angel”through Hester’s efforts. A. adultery B. arrogance C. accomplishment D. agony 13. F. Scott Fitzgerald is often acclaimed literary spokesman of the ____________.
美国文学题_答案
III Multiple choice (20%) 1. Anne Bradstreet was a Puritan poet. When her poems were published in England, she became known as the “______” who appeared in America. A Ninth Muse B Tenth Muse C Best Muse D First Muse 2. ______ is the sometimes exaggerated use of local language, characters and customs in regional literature. A purple prose B waste-land imagery C local color D symbolism 3. The Fitzgeralds lived so extravagantly that they frequently spent more money than F. Scoot Fitzgerald earned for parties, liquor, entertaining their friends and traveling. It was this living style that nicknamed the decade of the 1920s as _______. A The Jazz Age B The Gilded Age C The Glorious Age D The Beat Age 4. ___________ was a reaction to the ideas of the Age of Reason and the Enlightenment. A Romanticism B Realism C Naturalism D Modernism 5. Although only few of her poems were published in her lifetime and a complete collection of them didn’t appear until the 1950’s, _____ had a major impact on 20th century poetry. A Anne Bradstreet B Gertrude Stein C Emily Dickinson D Amy Lowell 6. Who of the following is NOT a 20th century American poet? A Henry Wordsworth Longsfellow B Amy Lowell C Ezra Pound D Robert Frost 7. Mark Twain, one of the greatest 19th century American writers, is well known for his ______. A International theme B Waste-land imagery C Local color
美国文学史及选读考试整理
Washington Irving Bracebridge Hall 布雷斯布里奇田庄 (1822) The Legend of Sleepy Hollow Tales of a Traveller 旅客谈 (1824) Christopher Columbus (1828) c. writing characteristics (1) humorous: the function of his writing is to amuse, to entertain instead of teaching or instruction (2) vivid and true character portrayal (3) finished (refined) and musical language, thus regarded as “the Amn. Goldsmith ” d. analysis on The Legend of Sleepy Hollow(选自the sketch book 见闻札记 ) 1. the story:setting,character, plot 2. theme:conflicts and praise conflict betw. Ichabod and Brom conflict betw. the village and the outside world James Fenimore Cooper The Spy (1821): a historical novel The Pilot (1824): a sea novel Leatherstocking Tales 皮裹腿故事集(1823-1841): frontier novels The Last Mohicans (1826) (Colonial War betw. Britain and France) e. writing features: strong points: we can see a variety of incidents and tensions, complicated plot and structure and a beautiful description of nature. Weak points: characterization is weak. There is unsatisfactory description of characters (esp. female). He is not free from syntactical awkwardness, heavy-handed attempt at humor. “Where Irving excels Cooper is weak.” Dialect is not authentic. Edgar Allan Poe The Fall of the House Usher Feature: i. brevity (15 pages) ii. Single effect iii. originality in theme To Helen It was inspired by the beauty of the mother of a schoolmate of Poe in Richmond, Virginia. The poem is famous for a number of things: 1. its rhyme scheme: ababb 2. its varied line lengths 3. its metaphor of a travel on the sea 4. its oft-quoted lines: "To the glory that was Greece,/And the grandeur that was Rome." theme: praise the ideal love and beauty and ancient Greek and Roman civilizations The Raven 乌鸦 theme: the lament over the death of a beautiful woman tone: melancholy Transcendentalism (essayists, poets, novelists) Their journal is “The Dial ” . Definition: Transcendentalism is idealism. (Emerson) b. features (1) stress on Oversoul, that is spirit. (2) stress the importance of individual. (3) fresh conception of nature. c. significance (1) inspired a whole generation of writers such as Whitman, Melville and Dickinson. (2) dresses man ’s subjective initiative as opposed to materialism. (3) liberated people from Calvin ’s original sin d. limitation (1) shallow: cut off from real life or reality; initiated by the rich, they were limited in a certain circle. So, in some degree, they have been cut off from social life and can ’t understand the sufferings of the common people. (2) inward contradiction: gain knowledge by intuition, shows its idealistic aspect. R.W. Emerson (Ralph Waldo) Nature (1836): the Bible of New England transcendentalism The American Scholar (1837): "America's Declaration of Intellectual The Divinity School Address 神学院致辞 (1838) Essays (1841/1847) Representative Men (1850) English Traits (1856)
美国文学史习题 (1)
I. Multiple choice. Please choose the best answer among the four items. (10 x 1’= 10’) 1. In American literature, the 18th century was the age of Enlightenment. ____ was the dominant. 2. The short story “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” is taken from Irving’s work named ____. 3. Which of the following is not the characteristic of American Romanticism? 4. The short story “Rip Van Winkle” reveals the __ attitude of its author.
5.Stylistically, Henry James’ fiction is characterized by ___. 6.Transcendentalist doctrines found their greatest literary advocates in ___ and Thoreau. 7.Which is regarded as the “Declaration of Intellectual Independence”? 8.____ is considered Mark Twain’s greatest achievement.
美国文学史复习资料
美国文学史复习（colonialism) 第一部分殖民主义时期的文学 一、时期综述 1、清教徒采用的文学体裁：a、narratives 日记b、journals 游记 2、清教徒在美国的写作内容： 1）their voyage to the new land 2) Adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops 3) About dealing with Indians 4) Guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit 3、清教徒的思想： 1）puritan want to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices 净化信仰和行为方式 2) Wish to restore simplicity to church and the authority of the Bible to the theology. 重建教堂，提供简单服务，建立神圣地位 3）look upon themselves as chosen people, and it follow logically that anyone who challenged their way of life is opposing God's will and is not to be accepted. 认为自己是上帝选民，对他们的生活有异议就是反对上帝 4）puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated. 反对对快乐和艺术的追求到了十分荒唐的地步5）religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a wrathful God.强调上帝严厉的一面，忽视上帝仁慈的一面。 4、典型的清教徒：John Cotton & Roger William 他们的不同：John Cotton was much more concerned with authority than with democracy; William begins the history of religious toleration in America. 5、William的宗教观点：Toleration did not stem from a lack of religious convictions. Instead, it sprang from the idea that simply to be virtuous in conduct and devout in belief did not give anyone the right to force belief on others. He also felt that no political order or church system could identify itself directly with God. 行为上的德，信仰上的诚，并没有给任何人强迫别人该如何行事的权利。没有任何政治秩序和教会体制能够直接体现神本身的意旨。 6、英国最早移民到美国的诗人：Anne Bradstreet 7、在殖民时期最好的清教徒诗人：the best of Puritan poets is Edward Tayor. 学习指南： 1、Could you give a description of American Puritans? 关于美国清教徒的描绘 Like their brothers back in England, were idealists, believing that the church should be restored to the "purity" of the first-century church as established by Jesus Christ himself. To them religion was a matter of primary importance. They made it their chief business to see that man lived and thought and acted in a way which tended to the glory of God. They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God, all that John Calvin, the great French theologian who lived in Geneva had preached. It was this kind of religious belief that they brought with them into the wildness. There they meaant to prove that were God's chosen people enjoying his blessings on this earth as in Heaven. 2、Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety were the Puritan values that dominated much of the earliest American writing. 3、The work of two writers, Anne Bradstreet & Edward Taylor, rose to the level of real poetry.
爱党青年和谐版美国文学答案
Literary terms这部分的答案均来自星火《英美文学》一书，质量高 1.Transcendentalism: is literature，philosophical and literary movement that flourished in New England from about 1836 to1860. It originated among a small group of intellectuals who were reaching against the orthodoxy of Calvinism and the rationalism of the Unitarian Church, their own faith centering on the divinity of humanity and the natural world instead. Transcendentalism derived some of its basic idealistic concepts from romantic German philosophy, and from such English authors as Carlyle，Coleridge, and Wordsworth. The ideas of transcendentalism were most eloquently expressed by Ralph Waldo Emerson in such essays as Nature and Self-Reliance and by Henry David Thoreau in his book Walden. 2.American naturalism：this term was created by Emile Zola. Charles Darwin’s evolutionary theory played an important role in naturalism. In the works off naturalism，characters were conceived as complex combinations of inherited attributes and habits conditioned by social and economic forces. At the end of the 19th century，this pessimistic form of realism appeared in America. Naturalism attempted to achieve extreme objectivity and frankness. Characters in the works of naturalism were dominated by their environment and heredity. Naturalism emphasized：the world was around；men had no free will；religious “truth” were illusory；the destiny of human beings was misery in life and oblivion in death. The dominant figures in naturalism were Stephen crane，Frank Norris, Jack London and Theodore Dreiser. 3.The lost generation: included the young English and American expatriates as well as men and women caught in the war and cut from the old value and yet unable to come to terms with the new era when civilization had gone mad. These writers adopted unconventional style of writing and reacted against the tendencies of the older writers in the 1920s. The term came from Gertrude Stein who said in Hemingway's presence that “you are all a lost generation.” 4.Jazz age: the novelist F. Scott Fitzgerald coined the term "Jazz Age" retroactively to refer to the decade after World War I and before the stock market crash in 1929, during which Americans embarked upon what he called "the gaudiest spree in history". Jazz Age is inextricably associated with the wealthy white "flappers" and socialites immortalized in Fitzgerald's fiction. 5.Free verse: is a poetry that has an irregular rhythm and line length and that attempts to avoid any predetermined verse structure, instead, it uses the cadences of natural speech. While it alternates stressed and unstressed syllables as stricter verse forms do, free verse does so in a looser way. Whitman's poetry is an example of free verse at its most impressive. It has since been used by Ezra Pound, T.S. Eliot and other major American can poets of the 20th century. 6. The iceberg analogy: The Iceberg Theory is a writing theory by American writer Ernest Hemingway, as follows：if a writer of a prose knows enough about what he is writing about he may omit things that he knows and the reader，if the writer is writing truly enough, will have a feeling of those things as strongly as though the writer had stated them. 这部分来自星火的为：3,7,8, 来自课本为：1,4,9 来自网络为：2,5,6大家自取之 1.Poe's Poetic Ideas A.His conviction that the function of poetry is not to summarize and interpret earthly experience, but to create a mood in which the soul soars toward supernal beauty. B.He insists that poetry must be disembarrassed of that moral sense. C.Poe believes that the elevation of excitement of the soul should be “the poetic principle” thus poetry must concern itself only with “supernal beauty”. D.Poe defines poetry as “the rhythmical creation of beauty” a definition gi ving unexampled emphasis upon the importance of the rhythmical or musical element in poetry.