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专八(TEM8)翻译

Chinese to English

来美国求学校的中国学生与其它亚裔学生一样，大多非常刻苦勤奋。周末往往会抽出一天甚至两天的时间去实验室加班，因此比起美国学生来，成果出的较多。我的导师是亚裔人，嗜烟好酒，脾气暴躁。但他十分欣赏亚裔学生勤奋与扎实的基础知识，也特别了解亚裔学生的心理。因此，在他实验室所招的学生中，除一名来自德国外，其余五位均是亚裔学生。他干脆在实验室的门上贴一醒目招牌：“本室助研必须每周工作7天，早10时至晚12时，工作时间必须全力以赴。”这位导师的严格及苛刻是全校有名的，在我所呆的三年半中，共有14名学生被招进他的实验室，最后博士毕业的只剩下五人。

My supervisor is an Asian, a bad tempered heavy smoker and drinker. Yet he thinks highly of Asian students’diligence and sound (foundation) knowledge (good mastery of the basic knowledge) and he knows (understands well) their psychology. Therefore, among all the RAs he hired in the lab are all (from Asian countries) Asian students, except one from Germany. He simply pasted a noticeable signboard:" All RAs working in this lab must work from 10am to 12pm, 7 days a week. You’ve got to spare no efforts in the lab.” He is well known for his strictness and harshness. I worked for him for 3 years and a half and during that period of time there were only 5 out 14 who finally succeeded in obtaining their doctorate degree.

English to Chinese

Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things are not inevitably the province of the rich unless we abdicate society’s power of choice. We can choose to make opera and other expensive forms of culture, accessible to those who cannot individually pay for it. The question is: why should we? Nobody denies the imperatives of food, shelter, defense, health and education. But even in a prehistoric cave, mankind stretched out a hand not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. The impulsive towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation, is fundamental. In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones for all our efforts; they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire; they carry the most profound messages that can be sent from one human to another.

欣赏歌剧是一种奢侈的享受；你必须支付昂贵的票价。然而昂贵的（高雅的）东西并不是富人的专利，除非我们放弃社会赋予我们选择的权利。我们可以给那些支付不起的寻常百姓上演歌剧和其他形式的文化。问题是：我们为什么要这么做。因为没有任何人否认，我们得以生存需要的是食品，住处，安全，健康和教育。即使是在史前洞穴时期，人类不仅用双手获取吃，喝的食物或为生存而战，还要用双手绘画。对文化的追求，用遐想和表现形式再现和挖掘世界的渴望也是与生俱来的。在欧洲这种渴望在我们的音乐、美术、文学和戏剧的佳作上得以实现。这些杰作是我们努力的结晶；是人类思想和想象力愿望的试金石；也是承载与人类之间的嘴博大精深的启示。

这次初到台湾访问交流，虽然行程匆匆，但是，看了不少地方，访了旧友，交了新知，大家走到一起谈论的一个重要话题就是中华民族在21世纪的强盛。虽然祖国大陆、台湾的青年生活在不同的社会环境中，有着各自不同的生活经历，但大家的内心都深深铭刻着中华文化优秀传统的印记，都拥有着振兴中华民族的共同理想。在世纪之交的伟大时代，我们的祖国正在走向繁荣富强，海峡两岸人民也将加强交流，共同推进祖国统一大业的早日完成。

世纪之交的宝贵机遇和巨大挑战将青年推到了历史的前台。跨世纪青年一代应该用什么样的姿态迎接充满希望的新世纪，这是我们必须回答的问题。

Chinese to English

This time I am on (a cultural) an exchange program to Taiwan. Even though it was a brief visit, I have seen (visited) many places, met with old friends and made new ones. Whenever we get together, our discussions centered (focused) on the important issue—the powerful and prosperous (the stronger; mightier) China in the 21century. Despite the fact that the young people in mainland and Taiwan find themselves (live) in different political and cultural settings with different (their own) life experiences, yet the splendid Chinese culture tradition is deeply engraved in all their hearts and minds. They all cherish the same ideal of elevating (rejuvenating) China. The turn of the century was a great era and our country is thriving and getting more prosperous then people on both sides of the strait will enhance (increase; improve) (have more) our exchange programs (strengthen the ties) so we can speed up (quicken) the reunification process. The precious opportunities offered by the new century and the huge challenge put (pushed; placed) the young people to the historical stage (forefront). The question we must answer is how the young generation who go through the transition confronts the new century filled with hope.

on the threshold of the 21 century

English to Chinese

To speak of American literature, then, it is not to assert that it is completely unlike that of Europe. Broadly speaking, America and Europe have kept step. At any given moment the traveler could find examples in both of the same architecture, the same style in dress, the same books on the shelves. Ideas have crossed the Atlantic as freely as men and merchandise, though sometimes more slowly. When I refer to American habit, thoughts, etc., I intend some sort of qualification to precede the word, for frequently the difference between America and Europe (especially England) will be one of the degree, sometimes only of a small degree. The amount of divergence is a subtle affair., liable to perplex the Englishman when he looks at America. He is looking at a country which in important sense grew out of his own, which in several ways still resembles his own—and which is yet a foreign country. There are odd overlappings and abrupt unfamiliarities; kinship yields to a sudden alienation, as when we hail a person across the street, only to discover from his blank response that we have mistaken a stranger for a friend.

当我讲到（谈到，涉及到）美国的文学时，我没有把它看作与欧洲文学截然不同。广义来讲，美国和欧洲是同步发展的。在任何时期，旅行者都可以在这两个地方看到相同的建筑，相同的服饰和相同的书籍。思想与人和商品一样自由地穿越在（传播）在大西洋两岸。只不过有时速度慢些。当我强调美国习惯思想等等，我得在这个词的前面加上修饰。因为美国和欧洲（尤其是和英国）的区别往往（常常）只是程度的问题。这个区别及其细微。区别的大小只是（微妙）极细微的，这个细微的区别常让那个目视美国的英国人茫然（困惑）。美国在许多重要方面的发展源自英国。这又使得美国这个国家与她的祖国相似，然而她毕竟是另一个国家。两个国家有许多惊人的相似之处，又有许多截然不同点：亲族般的密切关系被突然的疏远代替了。就想当我们向街对面的人打招呼，而从他毫无表情的面孔上才发现我们把陌生人错看成了我们的朋友。

当一个英国人把目光投向美国时，他感到困惑。因为两国的区别说不清、道不明。

美国在许多重要方面是从英国的基础上发展来的。

Chinese to English

加拿大的温哥华1986年刚刚渡过百岁的生日，但城市的发展令世界瞩目。以港立市，以港兴市，是许多港口城市生存发展的道路。经过百年开发建设，有着天然不冻良港的温哥华，成为举世闻名的港口城市，同亚洲、大洋洲、欧洲、拉丁美洲均有定期班轮，年货物吞吐量达8000吨，全市就业人口中有三分之一从事贸易与运输行业。

温哥华（Vancouver）的辉煌是温哥华人的智慧和勤奋的结晶，其中包括多民族的贡献。加拿大地广人稀，国土面积比中国还大，人口却不足3 000万。吸收外来移民，是加拿大长期奉行的国策。可以说，加拿大除了印地安人外，无一不是外来移民，不同的只是时间长短而已。温哥华则更是世界上屈指可数的多民族城市。现今180万温哥华居民中，有一半不是在本地出生的，每4个居民中就有一个是亚洲人。而25万华人对温哥华的经济转型起着决定性作用，其中有一半是近5年才来到温哥华地区的，使温哥华成为亚洲以外最大的中国人聚居地。

The prosperity of Vancouver is the fruit of the wisdom and diligence of the local people and it can be accounted (contributed) to the contributions of the multi-cultures.

Canada, a country with vast land area and sparse population, is larger than that of China but (yet) it has a population less than 30 million. The Canadian government has long practiced the national policy of accepting (taking in) immigrants. It can be well said that except the native Indians, everyone else is an immigrant. The difference lies in the time of their settlement. It is particularly true that Vancouver is one of the few cities in the world, which is of multi-ethnics. Of the 1.8 million residents of Vancouver, half of them are not native and with one out of every four is of an Asian origin. The 250,000 Chinese living in Vancouver are playing a decisive role in the (reform) restructuring of the economy. 50% of the Chinese population have settled down in the last 5 years, making Vancouver the biggest Chinese community outside of Asia.

English to Chinese

In some societies people want children for what might be called familial reasons: to extend the family line or the family name, to propitiate the ancestors; to enable the proper functioning of religious rituals involving the family. Such reasons may seem thin in the modern, secularized society but they have been and are powerful indeed in other places.

In addition, one class of family reasons shares a border with the following category, namely, having children in order to maintain or improve a marriage; to hold the husband or occupy the wife; to repair or rejuvenate the marriage; to increase the number of children on the assumption that family happiness lies that way. The point is underlined by its converse: in some societies the failure to bear children (or males) is a threat to the marriage and a ready cause of divorce.

Beyond all that is the profound significance of children to the very institution of the family itself. To many people, husband and wife alone do not seem a proper family—they need children to enrich the circle, to validate its family character, to gather the redemptive influence offspring. Children need family, but the family seems also to need children, as the social institutions uniquely available, at least in principle, for security, comfort, assurance, and direction in a changing, often hostile world.

养育孩子的另一些理由与下面的原因相同（有共同之处），即：生育孩子是为了巩固和改善一桩婚姻；是来维系夫妻关系；是来修复和给婚姻注入活力；多子多女被看作家庭幸福所系，所以子女越多越好。这一点可用相反的理由来证实；在一些国家，无法生育（无后无子）对婚姻是一个威胁，或随时可导致婚姻解体。

更为重要的是子女对家庭组成意义尤为重要。对许多人来说，只有夫妻的家庭不能称谓成家—他们需要子女来组成一个完整的家，使之名副其实。后代的影响使家庭再现。孩子需要家庭，反之家庭也同样离不开孩子。只有作为家庭这个独特存在的单位，至少在原则上为人们在一个瞬息万变，且充满敌意的社会里，家庭让我们有了安全感、舒适感、安定感、方向感。Chinese to English

中国科技馆的诞生来之不易。与国际著名科技馆和其他博物馆相比，它先天有些不足，后天也常缺乏营养，但是他成长的步伐却是坚实而有力的。他在国际上已被公认为后起之秀。世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆，它是通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生物的演化历史。第二代博物馆属于工业技术博物馆，它所展示的是工业文明带来的各种阶段性结果。这两代博物馆虽然起到了传播科学知识的作用，但是，他们把参观者当成被动的旁观者。

世界上第三代博物馆是充满了全新概念的博物馆。在这里，观众可以自己去动手操作，自己细心体察。这样，他们可以更贴近先进的科学技术，去探索科学技术的奥妙。

The first generation of museums in the world belonged to (could be categorized as) museums of Nature. Fossils and specimen (samples) were used (adopted) to introduce to people the history of the evolution of the Earth and different creatures. The second generation of museums was (was called/ belonged to) museums of industrial technology. They showed achievements (resulted) in different stages (periods) brought by industrial civilization. Though the two generations of museums (Despite the fact that those) played the role of imparting （passing on/dissimilating/broadcasting）scientific knowledge, yet visitors were treated merely as passive on-lookers (outsiders).

Museums of the third generation in the world are filled with completely fresh ideas (concepts). Here, visitors are invited (involved/allowed) to use their hands to touch, to operate. They can observe and experience with care. Hence, they are drawn closer to the advanced scientific (knowledge) technology with which they explore the mysteries and wonders in depth.

English to Chinese

If people mean anything at all by the expression “untimely death”, they must believe that some deaths run on a better schedule than others. Death in old age is rarely called untimely—a long life is thought to be a full one. But with the passing of a young person, one assumes that the best years lay ahead and the measures of that life was still to be taken.

History denies this, of course. Among prominent summer deaths, one recalls those of Marilyn Monroe and James Deans, whose lives seemed equally brief and complete. Writers cannot bear the fact that poet John Keats died at age of 26, and only half playfully judge their own lives as failures when they pass that year. The idea that the life cut short is unfulfilled is illogical because lives are measured by the impressions they leave on the world and by their intensity and virtue.

如果人们对“早逝”有所指的话（欲借早逝这一字眼想表达什么意思的话）他们肯定认为某些生命的终结比另一些更为合时宜。长（寿）者过世从不被认为是早逝。长寿者的一生被认为是走完了人生之路（长者过世被看作一生完整）。但如果英年早逝，我们往往认为他的大好时光还在前头（他正风华正茂）前途不可限量。

然而历史不这么认为。在那些英年早逝的人们中，人们往往会想到玛丽莲.梦露和詹姆斯.迪安斯.（演员）他们的生命虽短暂但完美。作家们无法接受约翰.济慈26岁便溘然去世这一事实。作家们在这个年龄是会半开玩笑（戏谑）地认为他们则一事无成呢。短暂的生命是不完整的生命的看法是不合逻辑的。因为生命价值不以长短为界，而以其所留给后人（世人）什么和其生命是否充实与完美来界定的。

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