高中英语语法通霸句子结构成分分析主语谓语宾语定语状语补语完整版

高中英语语法通霸句子结构成分分析主语谓语宾语定语状语补语

Document serial number【NL89WT-NY98YT-NC8CB-NNUUT-NUT108】

高中英语语法通霸1.句子结构成分分析

主语谓语宾语定语状语补语定语

英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。

考点1. 划分句子成分时的常用符号

英语中划分句子成分的符号

主语在下面画直线

谓语在下面画曲线

宾语在下面画双横线

定语在下面画虚线（一行点使我们想到一排钉子，“钉”谐音为“定语”的“定”）状语下面为短横线（短横线使我们想到短木桩，木桩撞（状）钟）

补语上一短横，下一短横（下一短横好像是为了弥补上面短横间的空隙）

同位语上下双曲线（都有曲折，上下位置基本相同）

考点1. 主语

主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。

可以作主语的词性或语法结构：1. 名词 2. 代词 3. 数词 4. 不定式 5. 动名词 6. 主语从句等表示。7. 名词化的形容词（如the rich）

在英语中，形容词、副词和介词短语是不能作主语的。如果它们在句首时，句子可能是倒装句，真正的主语在后面。

On the desk are some books. (主语是books，所以用are)

Down jumps the boy. (主语是the boy，所以用jumps )

Gone are the days. (主语是the days，所以用are)

练习1. 在下面句子的主语下面画横线，并说出由什么充当。

1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.

2.We often speak English in class.

3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.

4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.

5.Smoking does harm to the health.

6.The rich should help the poor.

7.When we are going to have English test has not been decided.

8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.

9.That he isn’t at home is not true.

10.There comes the bus.

11.Beyond the village lies a small village.

12.Now comes your turn.

考点2. 谓语

谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语的构成如下：

A.简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：

He practices running every morning.

He reads newspapers every day.

B.复合谓语：

①由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。如：

②You may keep the book for two weeks.

③He has caught a bad cold.

④My sister is crying over there.

⑤I have been waiting for you all the time.

⑥I would stay at home all day.

⑦Has he come back

⑧He did n’t attend the meeting yesterday.

⑨由系动词加表语构成。系动词不能单独作谓语，要和表语一起作谓语。如：

⑩We are student s.

?Your idea sounds great.

考点3. 表语

表语多是形容词，用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。

练习2. 画出下列句中的表语，并说明由什么充当。

1.Our teacher of English is an American.

2.Is it yours

3.The weather has turned cold.

4.The speech is exciting.

5.Three times seven is twenty-one.

6.His job is to teach English.

7.His hobby（爱好）is playing football.

8.The machine must be under repairs.

9.The truth is that he has never been abroad.

考点4. 宾语

宾语由名词性的词充当，表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。

宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语。

练习3. 画出下列句中的宾语, 并说明由什么充当。

1.They planted many trees yesterday.

2. (How many dictionaries do you have) I have five.

3.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.

4.I wanted to buy a car.

5.I enjoy listening to popular music.

6.I think（that）he is fit for his office.

考点5. 宾语补足语

宾语补足语和宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。换句话说，在意思上，宾语相当于宾补的主语。

带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等）+宾语+宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。

练习4. 用下划线画出下列句中的宾语补足语，并指出是什么词充当，同时体会宾补和宾语之间的逻辑关系。

1.H is father named him Dongming.

2.T hey painted their boat white.

3.L et the fresh air in.

4.Y ou mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.

5.W e saw her entering the room.

6.W e found everything in the lab in good order.

7.W e will soon make our city what your city is now.

8.I want your homework done on time.

考点6. 主补

对主语的补充。含有宾语补足语的句子在变成被动语态，宾语作主语时，原来的宾补就成了主语补足语。

He was elected monitor.

She was found singing in the next room.

He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.

考点7. 定语

定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“……的”表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。

在英语中，许多情况下，定语是放在所修饰词后面的，这点与汉语习惯不同，也是许多同学不能读懂长句的主要原因。定语后置常见的有以下几种情况：

A.副词用作定语一般要后置。

People there are very friendly. (那儿的人们)

He didn’t like the man downstairs. （楼下的那个人）

B.形容词短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后。

单个形容词作定语一般放在所修饰词之前，而形容词短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后。

The next man is a scientist.

The man next to me is a scientist.（我旁边的那个人）

C.介词短语作定语时要后置。

The boy under the tree is Tom.（树下的那个男孩）

The tallest boy in our class is John.（我们班最高的那个男孩）

D.现在分词短语、过去分词短语、动词不定式作定语常后置。

I have something to say. (直译：我有要说的话)

The boy crying over there is my classmate.

（在那边哭的那个男孩）

The house built last year is impressive.（去年建的那座房子）

练习5. 口头翻译下列句子，用下划线标出定语部分，留意定语的位置，并说明定语是由什么词性或结构充当。

1.T he letter on the desk is for Mr. Wu.

2.T he woman with a baby in her arms is his mother.

3.W e need a place twice larger than this one.

4.S he carried a basket full of eggs.

5.I t’s a book worth no more than one dollar.

6.I t’s a city far from the coast.

7.H e has money enough to buy a car.

8.T he man downstairs was trying to sleep.

9.T here are lots of places of interest needing repairing in our city.

10.Tigers belonging to meat-eating animals feed on meat.

11. A boy calling himself John wanted to see you.

12.He picked up a wallet lying on the ground on the way back home.

13.There are many clothes to be washed.

14.Most of the singers invited to the party were from America.

15.Then the great day came when he was to march past the palace in

the team.

考点8. 状语

修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子, 说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫作状语。

He writes carefully. He walks slowly.

(认真地写，慢慢地走，修饰动词用副词，作状语)

This material is environmentally friendly.（修饰形容词用副词，作状语）

He runs very slowly.（修饰副词slowly, 因此very是副词，作状语）Unfortunately, he lost all of his money. （修饰整个句子用副词，作状语）

A.几个并列状语的先后顺序：方式→地点→时间

一个句中有几个并列状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式→地点→时间。如：

I found a lost pen outside our school yesterday morning.

He was walking slowly outside the park at that moment.

B.英语中时间状语、地点状语的排列一般是从小到大

先写时间，再写上/下午，再写星期几，再写几月几号。最后写几几年。

I invited him to watch a movie at 5 p.m. on Thursday, August 28th, 2015.

I was born at 6 a.m., March 16, 2000.

He lives at1120 GreenStreet, London.

C.频度副词often, always, usually, sometimes, never等在句中要放在情

态动词、系动词、助动词之后, 实义动词之前。

You can never tell what he will do.

He is often late.

He is always helping others.

He often came late.

D.状语按意义分类

在句子成分中，主语、谓语、宾语、定语、表语、补语都比较好辨认，如果这几个成分都不是，那很可能就是状语了。因此，状语的种类很多，可以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步等。

练习6. 指出下列画线部分属于什么状语。

1.How about meeting again at six

2.Mr. Smith lives on the third floor.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/897288924.html,st night she didn’t go to the dance party because

4. of the rain.

5.She put the eggs into the basket with great care.

6.She came in with a dictionary in her hand.

7.In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.

8.To make his dream come true, Tom becomes very interested in

business.

9.The boy needs a pen very much.

10.The boy really needs a pen.

10. He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.

11. She works very hard though she is old.

12. I am taller than he is.

13. I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.

14. On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom.

15. Having to finish his homework, the boy needs a pen.

考点9. 同位语

同位语是在名词或代词之后的并列名词或代词，对前者加以说明，近乎于后置定语。如：

We students should study hard. (students是we的同位语，都是指同一批“学生”）

It’s good to us students.

练习7. 画出下列句中的同位语。

1.The young man, my brother, works in the office.

2.Our English teacher, Mrs. Wang, often helps us with study.

3.They, some railway workers, are busy repairing the train.

I.单句改错

根据所学主语相关内容，改正下列句中的错误。

1.Beyond the mountains lie a small village.

2.Gone is the days when I had to go to school on foot.

3.Play basketball is my favorite sport.

4.Give up English is not an option.

5.By doing part-time jobs can help them gain social experience.

6.Without a friend will feel lonely.

II.语法填空（每空至多填三词）

7.They planned______(take) two days off next week.

8.He practiced ______ (speak) English every day.

9.Here ______(be) your books.

10.On the wall ______ (hang) two pictures.

III.写作技能提升

A.注意句子主语的形式。

11.在我看来，早睡早起将对我们的健康有好处。（in my opinion, get up

early, go to bed early, do a lot of good to, our health）

12.他这次考试不及格使他不高兴。（he failed the exam, make, upset）

13.在那两座高楼之间，矗立着我们教学楼。（between the two tall

buildings, stand, teaching building）

14.我们现在正在学的知识对我们将来的生活和工作都很有帮助。（what we

are learning now, be of great help to, our life and work, in the future）

B.用形容词作后置定语。

15.你认识Tom旁边的那个人吗（know, next to）

16.尽早把他送到距你家最近的医院。（send…to, nearest to, as soon

as possible）

17.我们有一个能容下3000学生用餐的餐厅。（dining hall, large

enough, hold）

C.注意状语的顺序。

18.那时他正在教室内认真地写作业。（do his homework, in the

classroom, carefully, at that moment）

19.上周日我们在校园内栽了很多树。（plant lots of trees, in the

schoolyard）

20.他昨天在演讲比赛中表现得异常优秀。（perform incredibly well,

speech contest）

21.我永远不会忘记他那天对我讲的话。（will, forget, what he told me,

never）

22.我经常去那家超市。（frequently, the supermarket）

23.他总是帮助别人。（always, helping）

24.我们什么时候都不能那样对待老人。（never, treat an old man like

that, should）

25.活到老，学到老。（one, never, too old to learn）

答案：

练习1. 在下面句子的主语下面画横线，并说出由什么充当。

1.D uring the 1990s, American country music has become more and more

popular.（名词）

2.W e often speak English in class.（代词）

3.O ne-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）

4.T o swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式短语）

5.S moking does harm to the health.（动名词）

6.T he rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）

7.W hen we are going to have an English test has not been decided.

（主语从句）

8.I t is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正

的主语为后面的不定式）

9.T hat he isn’t at home is not true. (主语从句， that不能省略)

10.There comes the bus. (副词不能作主语，本句为倒装句，名词the bus

作主语)

11.Beyond the village lies a small village. (介词短语不能作主语，

主语是后面的名词短语)

12.Now comes your turn. （副词不能作主语，主语是后面的名词）

练习2. 画出下列句中的表语，并说明由什么充当。

1.O ur teacher of English is an American.（名词）

2.I s it yours（代词）

3.T he weather has turned cold.（形容词）

4.T he speech is exciting.（分词/形容词，这样的分词已形容词化了）

5.T hree times seven is twenty-one.（数词）

6.H is job is to teach English.（不定式）

7.H is hobby（爱好）is playing footbal l.（动名词）

8.T he machine must be under repairs.（介词短语）

9.T he truth is that he has never been abroad.（从句）

练习3. 画出下列句中的宾语, 并说明由什么充当。

1.T hey planed many trees yesterday.（名词）

2.(How many dictionaries do you have) I have five.（数词）

3.T hey helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容

词）

4.I wanted to buy a car.（不定式短语）

5.I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）

6.I think that he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）

练习4. 用下划线画出下列句中的宾语补足语，并指出是什么词充当。

1.H is father named him Dongming.（名词）

2.T hey painted their boat white.（形容词）

3.L et the fresh air in.（副词）

4.Y ou mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）

5.W e saw her entering the room.（现在分词）

6.W e found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）

7.W e will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）

8.I want your homework done on time.(过去分词短语)

练习5. 口头翻译下列句子，用下划线标出定语部分，留意定语的位置，并说明定语是由什么词性或结构充当。

1.T he letter on the desk is for Mr. Wu.桌子上的那封信是给吴先生的。

（介词短语作后置定语）

2.T he woman with a baby in her arms is his mother .怀里抱婴儿的那个

妇女是他的母亲。（with的复合结构作后置定语）

3.W e need a place twice larger than this one.

4.我们需要一个比这个地方大两倍的地方。（形容词短语作后置定语）

5.S he carried a basket full of eggs.

6.她提着一个装满鸡蛋的篮子。（形容词短语作后置定语）

7.I t’s a book worth no more than one dollar.那是一本仅值一美元的

书。（形容词短语作后置定语）

8.I t’s a city far from the coast.

9.它是一座距海岸很远的城市。（形容词短语作后置定语）

10.He has money enough to buy a car.他有足够能买一辆车的钱。（形容

词短语作后置定语）

11.The man downstairs was trying to sleep.楼下的那个人正在尽力睡

觉。（副词作后置定语）

12.There are lots of places of interest needing repairing in our

city.在我们城市有许多需要维修的名胜。（现在分词短语作后置定语）13.Tigers belonging to meat-eating animals feed on meat. 属于食肉

动物的老虎以肉为食。（现在分词短语作后置定语）

14. A boy calling himself John wanted to see you.一个自称为John的

男孩想见你。（现在分词短语作后置定语）

15.He picked up a wallet lying on the ground on the way back home.

16.在回家的路上，他捡起一个躺在路上的钱包。（现在分词短语作后置定

语；副词短语作后置定语）

17.There are many clothes to be washed. 有许多要洗的衣服。意译为：

有许多衣服要洗。（动词不定式短语作后置定语）

18.Most of the singers invited to the party were from America.大多

数被邀请参加派对的歌手都来自美国。（过去分词短语作后置定语）

19.Then the great day came when he was to march past the palace in

the team.接着，他要列队游行经过宫殿的那一天到了。（定语从句修饰the great day）

练习6. 指出下列画线部分属于什么状语。

1. 时间状语

2. 地点状语

3. 原因状语

4. 方式状语

5. 伴随状语

6. 目的状语

7. 目的状语 8. 程度状语 9. 程度状语

10. 结果状语 11. 让步状语 12. 比较状语

13. 条件状语 14. 时间状语；地点状语

15. 原因状语

1.The young man, my brother, works in the office.

2.Our English teacher,Mrs Wan g often helps us with study.

3.They,some railway workers, are busy repairing the train.

1.把lie改为lies；介词短语不能作主语，主语是后面的a small

village。

2.把is改为are；句子的主语是the days。

3.P lay改为Playing；在这里指经常打篮球，要用动名词作主语。

4.G ive改为To give；在做决定时，放弃英语不是一个选择。give up指具体

的某一次。

5.去掉By，doing改为Doing;介词短语不能作主语。

6.w ill前加we。介词短语不能作主语。

7.t o take; plan后跟动词不定式作宾语。

8.s peaking；practice后跟动名词作宾语。

9.a re；副词here不能作主语，主语是后面的books。

10.hang；介词短语不能作主语，倒装句，主语是pictures。

11.In my opinion, getting up early and going to bed early will do

a lot of good to our health.

12.That he failed the exam made him upset.

13.Between the two tall buildings stands our teaching building.

14.What we are learning now will be of great help to our life and

work in the future.

15.Do you know the man next to Tom

16.Please send him to the hospital nearest to your home as soon as

possible.

17.We have a dining hall large enough to hold 3, 000 students.

18.He was doing his homework carefully in the classroom at that

moment.

19.We planted many trees in our schoolyard last Sunday.

20.He performed incredibly well in the speech contest yesterday.

21.I will never forget what he told me that day.

22.I frequently go to the supermarket. /I go to the supermarket

frequently.

23.He is always helping others.

24.We should never treat an old man like that.

25.One is never too old to learn.

主语谓语宾语补语定语状语举例

主语谓语宾语补语定语 状语举例 公司内部编号：（GOOD-TMMT-MMUT-UUPTY-UUYY-DTTI-

主语、谓语、宾语、补语、定语、状语举例 1.【主语】： 就是一个句子陈述的对象,或是动作的执行者.它回答的是“谁”“什么”的问题.如：我看电视.“我”就是这句子的主语. 主语由名词或相当于名词的词充当. ⑴妈妈回来了. ⑵今天是星期天. ⑶大海掀起滚滚的波涛. ⑷小明病了. ⑸燕子飞回来了. 2.【谓语】： 说明主语是什么,干什么,怎么样.它回答的是主语“干什么,是什么”的问题. 如如：我看电视.“看”就是这句子的谓语. 谓语部分中心词一定要是一个动词,要么是行为动词,要么是系动词,不同的动 词构成不同的句子类型.其他例子自己可举一反三. 3.【宾语】 指谓语动词所涉及的对象,由名、代、数,宾语从句等相当于名词的词句充当,但人称代词要用宾格.还如上例：我看电视.“电视”就是这句子的宾语. 需要说明的是：只有及物动词和介词或相当于及物动词和介词的短语才可带宾语. 4.【补语】： 补充说明主语或宾语的成份,补充说明主语的叫主语补足语,补充宾语叫宾语

补足语.如：他把我逗笑了.我激动得哭了.“哭了”即为补语. 5.【定语】： 修饰限定名字、代词的词,说明所修饰词的性质、特征等.如：美丽的村庄静静地睡了.“美丽的”为定语. 6.【状语】： 修饰动词、副词、形容词甚至整句,说明谓语动作发生的时间、地点、方式、伴随状况、目的等等.如：他在灯下看书.“在灯下”是状语. 小学语文基础知识点复习归纳总结 （一）关联词 1、关联词语的意义 能够把两个或者两个以上在意义上有密切联系的句子连接起来组成比较复杂的句子的词语，就是关联词语。恰当的使用关联词语，能使我们在说话或者协作时达到较好的表达效果。 2、常见的关联词语类型 并列关系——分句之间是并列的 既……又…… 那么……那么…… 一边……一边…… 有的……有的…… 不是……而是…… 递进关系——后一分句的意思比前一分句的意思更进一层。 不但……而且……

在语文中语法中什么是主语谓语宾语定语状语补语

在语文中语法中什么是主语谓语宾语定语状语补语 基本成分主谓宾，附加成分定状补：谓前为状谓后补，定语必居主宾前 1、主语是句子陈述的对象，说明是谁或什么。表示句子说的是"什么人"或“什么事”。是执行句子的行为或动作的主体。如“我写字”中的“我”，就是主语，它做出“写”这个动作。“写”则是谓语，而“字”是接受谓语“写”这个动作的对象，它因此被称为宾语，又如”花死了”中的”花”就是主语，”死了”即是对主语”花”的陈述，所以是谓语．有的语法书也称主语为“客体”或“受体”。 2、谓语是表明主语怎么样、有什么性质、处在什么状态等等，是用来陈述主语的由常常有动词、动词性短语，形容词、形容词型短语，名词、名词性短语，主谓短语充当谓语。例如：他们正在排练节目。（排练，动词作谓语）鱼儿在河里遨游。（在河里遨游，动词性短语作谓语）山上的树又绿了。（绿，形容词作谓语）这里的黎明静悄悄。（静悄悄，形容词短语作谓语）外头热，别中暑了。（热，做谓语） 3、宾语是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任。当然,也可以由一个句子来充当,称之为宾语从句,所以一个句子中不一定只有一个宾语. 定语是用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。中文中状语是动词或形容词前面的连带成分,用来修饰、限制动词或形容词,表示动作的状态、方式、时间、处所或程度等. 例句:(括号内为状语) 他[已经]走了咱们[北京]见歌声[把王老师]带入深沉的回忆科学[终于以伟大的不可抑制的力量]战胜了神权 4、定语在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。用作定语的主要是形容词。状语修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语补语是述补结构中补充说明述语的结果、程度、趋向、可能、状态、数量等的成分。 5、补语是动词或形容词后面的连带成分，述补结构中补充说明述语的结果、程度、趋向、可能、状态、数量等的成分。补语与述语之间是补充与被补充、说明与被说明的关系主语是主要说明的人或事物谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。(由动词构成。) 宾语表示动作行为的对象 6、补语是述补结构中补充说明述语的结果、程度、趋向、可能、状态、数量等的成分。

非谓语动词作状语练习

谓语动词作状语练习 1. Though ____ of the danger， he still went skating on the thin ice. A. warning B. to warn C. warn D. warned 2. ____ from this point of view， the question will be of great importance. A. Considering B. Considered C. Being considered D. Consider 3. ____ and ____， they ran out of the room. A. Being excited；happily B. Exciting； happy C. Exciting； happily D. Excited； happy 4. ____ deep down in the earth， the dead forests rotted away and became coal. A. Buried B. Burying C. To bury D. Being buried 5. If ____ green， the door might look more beautiful. A. paint B. painted C. painting D. to paint 6. Eva，____ in Canada，lived and practiced law in America. A. was born B. he was born C. although born D. being born 7. Anna was reading a piece of science fiction，____ completely to the outside world. A. being lost B. having lost C. losing D. lost 8. Everything ____，it wasn’t a bad holiday. A. considering B. considered C. to consider D. consider 9. ____ with a difficult situation， Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice. A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing 10. When first ____ to the market， these products enjoyed great success. A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced 11. ____， the old man is living a happy life. A. Taking good care B. Taken good care C. Having taken good care D. Taken good care of 12. He was sitting there，____ in deep thought. A. lose B. lost C. loss D. losing 13. We are certain that everything will go well as ____. A. to be planned B. planned C. being planned D. having been planned 14. ——What’s wrong? ——I want to know why you didn’t do as ____. A. to be told B. telling C. told D. told to 15. When ____， the museum will be open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed 16..______ more attention, the trees could have grown better. A. To give B .Having given C. Given D .Giving 17.______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. To lose B. Lost C Having lost D. Losing 18.______ the railway station, we had a break, only ______ the train had left. A. Arriving at; to find B. Coming to; discovering that C. On arriving at; finding out D. Hurrying to; to have found out 19.______ these pictures, I couldn’t help thinking of those days when I was in Being and ______ from the top of a thirty- storeyed building, Beijing looks more beautiful. A. Seeing; seen B .Seen; seeing C. Seeing; seeing D. Seen; seen 20.______ his head high, the manager walked into the room to attend the meeting ______ then. A. Holding; being held B. Held; holding C .Having held; held D. Held; to be held 21.Her husband died in 1980 and had nothing ______ to her, only ______ her five children. A. left; to leave B. leaving; leaving C. leaving; left D. left; leaving 22.______ maps properly, you need a special pen. A. Drawn B. Drawing C. To draw D. Be drawing 23.Greatly moved by her words, ______ . A. tears came to his eyes B .he could hardly hold back his tears C. tears could hardly be held back D. his eyes were filled with tears. 24.When ______ why he walked in without permission, he just stared at us and said nothing. A. been asked B. asked C. asking D. to be asked 25.______ his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill. A. Not knowing B. Knowing not C. Not having known D. Having not know 26.Sometimes new ideas have to be tested many times before ______ . A. accepting fully B. being fully accepted C. fully accepting D. fully being accepted 1、转换成状语从句 His homework done, he went to bed. She not feeling well, we worried about her. Weather permitting, the sports meet will be held the day after tomorrow. 2、转换成并列句 The young woman came into the cinema, a baby in her arms. The boy stood there silently, his eyes fixed upon the black people. 3、转换成“with”的复合结构 Night falling, we hurried home. The signal given, the train left the railway station.

主语谓语宾语定语状语补语定语

主语谓语宾语定语状语补语定语 练习1.在下面句子的主语下面画横线，并说出由什么充当。 1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor. 7.When we are going to have English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language. 9.That he isn’t at home is not true. 10.There comes the bus. 11.Beyond the village lies a small village. 12.Now comes your turn. 考点1.表语 表语多是形容词，用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。 练习2.画出下列句中的表语，并说明由什么充当。 1.Our teacher of English is an American. 2.Is it yours 3.The weather has turned cold. 4.The speech is exciting. 5.Three times seven is twenty-one. 6.His job is to teach English. 7.His hobby（爱好）is playing football. 8.The machine must be under repairs. 9.The truth is that he has never been abroad. 考点2.宾语 宾语由名词性的词充当，表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语。 练习3.画出下列句中的宾语, 并说明由什么充当。 1.They planted many trees yesterday. 2. (How many dictionaries do you have) I have five. 3.They helped the old with their housework yesterday. 4.I wanted to buy a car. 5.I enjoy listening to popular music. 6.I think（that）he is fit for his office. 考点3.宾语补足语 宾语补足语和宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。换句话说，在意思上，宾语相当于宾补的主语。 带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等）+宾语+宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。 练习4.用下划线画出下列句中的宾语补足语，并指出是什么词充当，同时体会宾补和宾语之间的逻辑关系。 1.His father named him Dongming. 2.They painted their boat white. 3.Let the fresh air in. 4.You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you. 5.We saw her entering the room. 6.We found everything in the lab in good order. 7.We will soon make our city what your city is now. 8.I want your homework done on time. 考点4.主补 对主语的补充。含有宾语补足语的句子在变成被动语态，宾语作主语时，原来的宾补就成了主语补足语。 He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. 考点5.定语 定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“……的”表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。 在英语中，许多情况下，定语是放在所修饰词后面的，这点与汉语习惯不同，也是许多同学不能读懂长句的主要原因。定语后置常见的有以下几种情况： A.副词用作定语一般要后置。 People there are very friendly. (那儿的人们) He didn’t like the man downstairs. （楼下的那个人）B.形容词短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后。 单个形容词作定语一般放在所修饰词之前，而形容词短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后。 The next man is a scientist. The man next to me is a scientist.（我旁边的那个人）C.介词短语作定语时要后置。 The boy under the tree is Tom.（树下的那个男孩） The tallest boy in our class is John.（我们班最高的那个男孩） D.现在分词短语、过去分词短语、动词不定式作定语常后 置。 I have something to say. (直译：我有要说的话)

英语句子成分主语谓语宾语表语定语状语补语同位语讲解

英语主谓宾表定状补成分精简讲解 一．主语： 主语(subject) 是一个句子的主题( theme)，是句子所述说的主体。它的位置一般在一句之首。可用作主语的有单词、短语、从句乃至句子。 1．名词作主语。 A tree has fallen across the road. (倒下横在) Little streams feed big rivers. ( 小河流入大江。) 2．代词用作主语。 You’re not far wrong. (你差不多对了)。 He told a joke but it fell flat. (他说了个笑话，但没有引人发笑) 3．数词用作主语。 Three is enough. 三个就够了。 Four from seven leaves three. 7减4余3。 4．名词化的形容词用作主语。 The idle are forced to work. 懒汉被迫劳动。 Old and young marched side by side. 老少并肩而行。 5．副词用作主语。 Now is the time. 现在是时候了。Carefully does it. 小心就行。 6．名词化的介词作主语。 The ups and downs of life must be taken as they come. 7．不定式用作主语。 To find your way can be a problem.你能否找到路可能是一个问题。 It would be nice to see him again. 8．动名词用作主语。 Smoking is bad for you. Watching a film is pleasure,but making one is hard work. 9．名词化的过去分词用作主语。 The disabled are to receive more money. The deceased died of old age. 10.介词短语用作主语。 To Beijing is not very far. From Yenan to Nanniwan was a three-hour ride on horseback. 11.从句用作主语。 Whenever you are ready will be fine. Because Sally wants to leave doesn’t mean that we have to. 12.句子用作主语。 "How do you do ?" is a greeting. “你好”是一句问候语。 二．谓语 谓语(predicate) 或谓语动词(predicate verb) 的位置一般在主语之后。 谓语由简单动词或动词短语（助动词或情态动词＋主要动词）构成。 1．由简单的动词构成。 (1). What happened? 发生了什么事？ (2). He worked hard all day today. 他今天苦干了一天。 (3). The plane took off at ten o’clock. 飞机是十点起飞的。 2．由动词短语构成的谓语。 (1). I am reading. 我在看书。 (2). What’s been keeping you all this time? 这半天你在干什么来着？

什么是主语,补语,谓语,宾语

什么是主语、谓语、宾语、宾补、状语、定语? 主语是一个句子中所要表达,描述的人或物，是句子叙述的主体。可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。 谓语是用来说明主语做了什么动作或处在什么状态。谓语可以由动词来担任,一般放在主语的后面。 宾语是动作的对象或承受者，常位于及物动词或介词后面。宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。 定语：用于描述名词,代词,短语或从句的性质,特征范围等情况的词叫做定语, 定语可以由名词,形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词,短语担任。如果定语是单个词,定语放在被修饰词的前面,如果是词组,定语放在被修饰词的后面。 状语：说明事物发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果方式, 条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词叫状语。状语可以由副词, 短语以及从句来担任。 补语是述补结构中补充说明述语的结果、程度、趋向、可能、状态、数量等的成分。 补语与述语之间是补充与被补充、说明与被说明的关系,是补充说明动词或形容词性中心语的，可以回答“怎么样”、“多少次”、“何处”、“何时”、“什么结果”等问题。补语都放在中心语后头，除了趋向动词、数量词、介宾结构和一部分形容词可以直接作补语外。补语多用形容词、数量词、趋向动词、介宾结构来担任，各种关系的词组也常作补语。 口诀： 主谓宾、定状补，主干枝叶分清楚。 定语必居主宾前，谓前为状谓后补。 状语有时位主前，逗号分开心有数。 状语 状语是修饰限制谓语的成分。副词的主要功能是作状语，形容词性词组、时间名词、方位词、能愿动词、介宾词组也经常作状语。状语也可以分为描写性的和限制性的。多项状语的排列词序离中心语从远及近一般为：表示时间的名词、副词、方位词组、介宾词组；表示处所的介宾词组、方位词组、名词、代词；表示语气、关联的副词；表示条件、方式、范围、目的、对象、关涉的介宾词组和副词；表示情态的形容词、动词。 主语 主语是句子的被陈述部分。大多数实词和词组（介宾词组除外）都可以充当主语。其中，名词性词语作主语最常见。谓词性词语也可以作主语但是不常见，而且还受到限制，用谓词性词语作主语的句子，其谓语一般是判断、评价、描写性质的。主语的意义类型比较复杂，可以分为：施事主语、受事主语、系事主语、与事主语、工具主语、处所主语、范围主语、关系主语、目的主语、原因主语、描写主语等。 中心语

语文中的主语,谓语,宾语,补语,状语,定语

语文中的主语，谓语，宾语，补语，状语，定语，表语是指什么？ 语文中的主语，谓语，宾语，补语，状语，定语，表语是指什么？ 用句子加以解释 1，主语、谓语和宾语 例：我写字。 我，就是主语；写，是谓语；字，就是宾语。 2，状语、定语 例：我慢慢地回答你的问题。 慢慢地，就是状语，它是修饰谓语动词“回答”的速度或者状态；你的，就是定语，用来修饰宾语“问题”。 3，定语、主语和表语 例：漂亮的女人是傲慢的。 漂亮的，是定语，用来修饰主语“女人”；是，是谓动词，傲慢的，就是表语，是用来说明“漂亮女人”的心理状态的。 4，补语 例：他走得慢。 他，是主语；走，谓语；得慢，就是补语 5，宾补 例：我十分讨厌她又哭又闹。 我，是主语；十分，状语；讨厌，谓语；她，宾语；又哭又闹，就是这一句里的宾补，用来修饰宾语“她”的。 一：主语是句子陈述的对象，说明是谁或什么。表示句子说的是"什么人"或“什么事”。主语可以用这些词类或形式来担任：名词、代词 二：谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”. 谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后谓语由简单动词或动词短语(助动词或情态动词＋主要动词）构成。 三：宾语是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任 四：补语是述补结构中补充说明述语的结果、程度、趋向、可能、状态、数量等的成分。

补语与述语之间是补充与被补充、说明与被说明的关系。 补语主要由谓词性词语、数量短语和介词短语充当。 五：状语是名词前面的连带成分,用来修饰、限制、动词或形容词,表示动作的状态、方式、时间、处所或程度等. 1.副词、形容词经常做状语. 2.表示时间、处所的名词经常做状语,一般名词不做状语动词中除助动词外很少做状语. 3.介词结构常做状语 4.一般状语紧连在中心词的前边,但表示时间、处所、目的的名词或介词结构作状语时,可以放在主语的前边.如[在杭州],我们游览了西湖美景. 状语说白了就是修饰动作的词 六：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用………的?表示。 七：表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当，它常位于连系动词（be, become, appear, seem等）之后

状语补语中心语等句法成分补充讲义

（四）状语： 1．状语的定义和构成： （1）什么是状语： 状语是修饰限制谓语的成分。如： ①我们[非常]愉快。 ②人民教师[辛勤]地工作。 ③他[可能]是我们的导师。 ④同学们[都]挤在楼道里听报告。 例①如果只说“我们愉快”，仅仅是一般性的陈述；用上状语“非常”以后，不但表明了“我们”处于“愉快”的状态，而且表明了“愉快”所达到的程度。例②的状语“辛勤”也表明工作的程度。例③如果没有“可能”出现，那么它就是一个肯定判断，表明“他”是怎样的一个人。在“是”前加上能愿动词“可能”以后，句子表达的就是一个可能性的模态判断，表明那仅仅是一种推测。例④的谓语是个连动词组，“都”是附加在这个谓语上的，是修饰限制整个谓语的；整个句子表达一个全称肯定判断，表明“同学们”中的每一个人毫不例外地在做什么。 状语一般在谓语之前，但也有在主语之前或谓语之后的。如： ① [阶梯教室里]，老师在讲课。 ⑥他走了，[慢慢]地，[慢慢]地。 这种状语同一般状语的位置不同，因而常常用逗号把它们同句子的其他成分隔开。 （2）状语的构成： 副词经常做状语。因为谓语常由动词、形容词充当，而副词又常修饰限制动词、形容词，所以，副词做状误是最常见的，可以说是它的天职。如： ⑦看热闹的人们[渐渐]散了。 ⑧我们[马上][就要]考试了。 ⑨我们[一定]坚持下去！ ⑩真没有想到啊，他[竟]是这样的一个人！

上例的“非常”是程度副词作状语，“都”是范围副词作状语，“渐渐”“马上”“一定”“竟”分别是表频率、时间、肯定、语气的副词，也都作状语。状语由哪种副词充当，就表示了哪方面的意义。 形容词除了常作定语外，还常作状语。如： ⑾大家[爽朗]地笑了起来。 ⑿学生[刻苦]地学习文化知识。 ⒀老师[仔细]地批改了学生的作业。 ⒁战士们[整整齐齐]地站着。 形容词是表示人或事物的性质或状态的词，所以形容词作状语一般是修饰性的，从情状的角度修饰谓语，用来描写动作的方式或状态。有些形容词可以直接作状语，如：“[早]知道了”，“[少]出去几次”，“[紧张]地注视着”等等。但是，有些形容词做状语往往用重叠形式，如：“[圆圆]地排成一个圈”，“[端端正正]地坐在那里”，“[痛痛快快]地笑一顿”，“[整整齐齐]地站着”，“[黑压压]地挤了一教室”，等等。 某些代词和名词有时也作状语。这里所说的“某些代词”指的是能代替动作或性状的指示代词和疑问代词。如： 这件事[这么]办吧。 你[怎么]来的？ 这里所说的“某些名词”，主要是指表示时间、处所的名词。和少数能表示方式的普通名词如“历史、部分、本能、集体”等。如： 小红[一九八五年]毕业于山西师范大学。 咱们[太原]见。 我们必须[历史]地评价古人和他的作品。 咱们[集体]购票。 动词中除了能愿动词常作状语外，某些表示感知和心理活动的动词也能作状语。一般动词很少作状语。如： 同学们[注意]地听着老师讲课。 她[害怕]地躲了出去。

高二英语非谓语动词作状语练习题及答案

非谓语动词作状语练习 1. Though ____ of the danger，he still went skating on the thin ice. A. warning B. to warn C. warn D. warned 2. ____ from this point of view，the question will be of great importance. A. Considering B. Considered C. Being considered D. Consider 3. ____ and ____，they ran out of the room. A. Being excited；happily B. Exciting；happy C. Exciting；happily D. Excited；happy 4. ____ deep down in the earth，the dead forests rotted away and became coal. [ A. Buried B. Burying C. To bury D. Being buried 5. If ____ green，the door might look more beautiful. A. paint B. painted C. painting D. to paint 6. Eva，____ in Canada，lived and practiced law in America. A. was born B. he was born C. although born D. being born 7. Anna was reading a piece of science fiction，____ completely to the outside world. A. being lost B. having lost C. losing D. lost 8. Everything ____，it wasn’t a bad holiday. A. considering B. considered C. to consider D. consider 9. ____ with a difficult situation，Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice. 《 A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing 10. When first ____ to the market，these products enjoyed great success. A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced 11. ____，the old man is living a happy life. A. Taking good care B. Taken good care C. Having taken good care D. Taken good care of 12. He was sitting there，____ in deep thought. A. lose B. lost C. loss D. losing 13. We are certain that everything will go well as ________________ (像计划一样). (plan) ！ 14. _________________ (竣工时)，the museum will be open to the public next year. (complete) 15. ______________________ (更关注的话), the trees could have grown better. (attention) (到达火车站),we had a break, only ___________ (却发现) the train had left. (arrive; discover) (看着)these pictures, I couldn’t help thinking of those days when I was in Being and ______ (看) from the top of a thirty-storied building, Beijing looks more beautiful. (see; see) (昂着) his head high, the manager walked into the room to attend the meeting _____________ (举行) soon. (hold; hold) 19. Her husband died in 1980 and had nothing ______ (留下)to her, only ______ (留下) her five children. (画) maps properly, you need a special pen. (draw)

英语句子成分主语谓语宾语表语定语状语补语同位语讲解doc资料

主语从句即一个句子作主语如：what he said is true. what he said是一个句子具备最短的句子所应有的主语（he）和谓语动词(said)。又应有what引导词所以做从句，又Is 是大句子中的谓语动词，在主句中，所以其前的成分为主语，主语是一个句子，叫做主语从句。 宾语从句和主语从句同理，事不过宾语从句是在谓语动词后的句子，谓语后的成分是宾语。如：He said that the girl is beautiful. that the girl is beautiful为宾语从句，做动词said后的宾语。 表语从句依然如此，只是动词为系动词或感官动词，动词后为表语从句。如：He is who I am looking for. who I am looking for. 为表语从句，做系动词is的表语。 前几种句子均为名词性从句，引导词指人用who whose whom,指物用which，what。其中which有范围what没范围。连接副词有：when where why how四种。如：I don't know where he is going.（宾从） 定语从句为形容词性从句，即一个句子像一个形容词，修饰一个名词或代词，而被修饰的词在句子前面，叫做先行词。如：The girl who wears a red coat is my classmate. 其中who wears a red coat 是定语从句，修饰the girl, 所以the girl为先行词，主句为The girl is my classmate。定语从句引导词指人和名词性从句相同，who whose whom；指物只用which，没有what；that 即指人又指物。关系副词没有how 即when,where,why.如：The year when I arrived there is 2000. （when I arrived there为从句） 状语从句考点比较简单，记住他引导词的意思就行了，如时间是when while等，地点是where wherever,原因是why 结果because 等就可以了 英语主谓宾表定状补成分精简讲解 一．主语： 主语(subject) 是一个句子的主题( theme)，是句子所述说的主体。它的位置一般在一句之首。可用作主语的有单词、短语、从句乃至句子。 1．名词作主语。 A tree has fallen across the road. (倒下横在) Little streams feed big rivers. ( 小河流入大江。) 2 You’re not far wrong. (你差不多对了)。 He told a joke but it fell flat. (他说了个笑话，但没有引人发笑) 3 Three is enough. 三个就够了。 Four from seven leaves three. 7减4余3。 4 The idle are forced to work. 懒汉被迫劳动。 Old and young marched side by side. 老少并肩而行。 5 Now is the time. 现在是时候了。Carefully does it. 小心就行。 6 The ups and downs of life must be taken as they come. 7 To find your way can be a problem.你能否找到路可能是一个问题。 It would be nice to see him again. 8 Smoking is bad for you. Watching a film is pleasure,but making one is hard work. 9 The disabled are to receive more money. The deceased died of old age. To Beijing is not very far. From Yenan to Nanniwan was a three-hour ride on horseback. Whenever you are ready will be fine. Because Sally wants to leave doesn’t mean that we hav e to. "How do you do ?" is a greeting. “你好”是一句问候语。 谓语(predicate) 或谓语动词(predicate verb) 的位置一般在主语之后。 谓语由简单动词或动词短语（助动词或情态动词＋主要动词）构成。 1．由简单的动词构成。

英语主语,谓语,宾语,状语,补语

组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语，谓语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语，状语等。 顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。 （'是重读） 1、主语 主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词，代词，数词，不定式等充当He likes watching TV.他(主语)喜欢看电视。 2、谓语 谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。 一般可分为两类： 1)，简单谓语 由动词(或短语动词)构成。 可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。 We study for the people.我们为人民学习。 2)，复合谓语：情态动词＋不定式 I can speak alit'tle Eng'lish.我可以说一点英语。（'是重读) 3、表语 表语是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词如be之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。一般由名词，代词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词短语等充当。 My sis'ter is a nurse.我姐姐是护士。 4、宾语 宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，能作宾语的有名词，代词，数词，动词不定式等。 We like Eng'lish.我们喜欢英语。 有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，

指物的叫直接宾语。 He gave me some ink.他给了我一点墨水。 有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如： We make him our mon'itor.我们选他当班长。 5、定语 在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。 用作定语的主要是形容词，代词，数词，名词，副词，动词不定式，介词短语等。形容词，代词，数词，名词等作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词前面。 He is a new stu'dent.他是个新生。 但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。 The bike in the room is mine.房间里的自行车是我的。 6、状语 修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词，介词短语，不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。 He lives in Lon'don.他住在伦敦。 7.补语 用来说明宾语或主语所处的状态或正在进行的动作，因为英语中有些动词加宾语后意思仍然不完整，如：make(使...),ask(请)等等。如果我们说：我们使我们的祖国。这不是一句完整的话。应该说：我们使我们的祖国更美丽。这是的“美丽的（beautiful)”为形容词做补语，说明祖国的状态。英语句子为:We will make our country more beautiful.作补语的词或词组为：形容词，副词，名词，不定式，ing形式，数词等。 8.宾补 就是宾语补足语，就是补充说明宾语的 例：I know you are student good at maths