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山东省济南市2018年中考英语复习-第二部分-聚焦济南-题型六-阅读理解试题汇编

阅读理解

聚焦济南

(2017·济南学考)

Ⅵ. 阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。(15分)

Once upon a time, there was a young man. He lived in a small village. He was the only child in his family, so his parents loved him very much and did everything for him. He just hung out every day, doing nothing.

One day, he met an old man in his village. The old man asked him, “My boy, why don't you work hard to achieve something when you are young？”

The young man replied without care, “Why do I have to be in a hurry? I'm young, so I have plenty of time! Besides, I haven't made any plans for my future yet. ”

“Time waits for no man！” the old man said. Then he asked the young man to go into a dark house with him.

“I can't see anything！” the young man said.

The old man lit a match and said to the young man, “Before the match goes out, pick something in the house as you like. ”

By the weak light, the young man tried to see the things in it. But before he found something, the match went out, and the house became dark again at once.

“Before I could get something, the match had gone out，” the young man said angrily.

The old man said, “My boy, your youth(青春) is like the burning match, which can only last for a short time. So you shouldn't waste your time！”

71．The young man lived in a ．

A．small city B．small village

C．big city D．big town

72．The old man asked the young man why he didn't ．

A．work hard B．hang out

C．play games D．do homework

73．The old man led the young man into a dark ．

A．shop B．museum C．house D．kitchen

74．What did the young man pick before the match went out? ( )

A．A ring. B．A watch. C．A picture. D．Nothing.

75．What can we learn from this story？( )

A．Youth is like a burning match.

B．It's dangerous to light matches.

C．Young people have much time.

D．We should look after ourselves.

Nowadays, we are having a much busier life, and we are using our eyes

far more than ever before. So we often have tired eyes after a day's work

or study. Here are some good methods of protecting eyes against tiredness

to keep them healthy.

POSTURE(坐姿)

Get into the habit of paying attention to the way you sit. Try to stick to the proper posture that doctors suggest.

HELPFUL PICTURES

There are some special pictures online that can help relax your eyes. You may download such pictures to your computer or smartphone. When there is nothing far away you can look at to relax your eyes, you can use one of these pictures. A picture with something like a tunnel(隧道) in it is quite popular. Try to look as far into the tunnel as you can for 30 seconds(秒). Do you feel any better?

BREAKS

The 20-20-20 rule: take a break from the screen every 20 minutes for 20 sec onds and look at something 20 feet(about 6 meters) away.

EYE EXERCISES

Step 1. Sitting comfortably, imagine there is a clock in front of you and turn your eyes up to 12 o'clock. Pause(停顿) for a second, and then lower your eyes to 6 o'clock. Pause again, and then repeat this step 10 times. Complete the exercise by cupping your hands over your eyes for a few seconds, letting them rest in the darkness.

Step 2. Look at something on the right. Keep your eyes on it and slowly turn your head to the left as far as possible. Then do the same thing on the left. Repeat the exercise a couple of times.

Step 3. Hold your finger in front of your nose and keep looking at it. Slowly move the finger towards yourself as close as you can without losing focus(焦点). Then look outside the window as far as possible. Repeat this several times.

SPORTS

Table tennis is about a small ball traveling at high speed—the best sport to train your eyes and relax the muscles(肌肉) in and around the eyes. Other sports like tennis, badminton and kite flying are also great for relaxing tired eyes.

76．Which of the following methods of protecting eyes is NOT mentioned in the passage？( ) A．Having the proper posture.

B．Looking at something green.

C．Following the 20-20-20 rule.

D．Playing some kinds of sports.

77．According to the passage, which of the following pictures can help relax your eyes？( )

78．What does the underlined word “them” refer to(指代)? ( )

A．Your eyes. B．Your hands.

C．The doctors. D．The exercises.

79．As for eye exercises, which of the following is TRUE? ( )

A．In Step 1, you must have a large clock in front of you.

B．In Step 2, you should turn left when you look to the right.

C．In Step 3, you should move you finger as far as you can.

D．After finishing each step, you should repeat it a few times.

80．Which of the following is the best title of the passage? ( )

A．We must take a break every 20 minutes.

B．How to do eye exercises properly.

C．Ways to protect eyes against tiredness.

D．People have tired eyes very easily.

For years, psychologists(心理学家) have been against giving children prizes or money for

their performance in school. “Outwards” prizes, they say, can

undermine the joy of learning for its own good and can even lead to

cheating.

But many economists(经济学家) and business people disagree, and

their opinions often become popular in the educational marketplace.

Prize programs that pay students are underway in many cities. In some places, students can bring home hundreds of dollars for, say, taking an Advanced Placement course and having high grades in the exams.

“Whether such efforts work continues to be a debate(争议)，” said Barbara Marian, an assistant professor of education at Pennsylvania State. She is against using prizes as encouragement. Among parents, it often leads to very hot discussion. And in public education, a new focus on school reform(改革) pushes researchers on both sides of the debate to make more efforts to get data(数据) that may provide information on when and whether prizes work.

“We have to get beyond our biases(偏见)，” said Roland Fryer, an economist at Harvard University who is planning and testing several prize programs. “Luckily, the scientific method allows us to examine most of those biases and let the data do the talking. ” In the cash programs being studied, Roland Fryer and other economists compare the school performance of groups of students who are paid and students who are not. In the study, they find that the students who are prized get higher grades on the SAT and go to better colleges than those who are not.

However, many psychologists believe that early data can be one-sided. Research suggests that prizes may work in the short term but have bad influences in the long term.

“Are they highly interested in what they are doing? Or does it feel like hard work? The same prize program might have different influences on different kinds of students，” said Kirabo Jackson, a famous psychologist at Cornell University. “The higher t he prize is, the more harmful the result might be. ”

81．The underlined word “undermine” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “”．A．understand B．examine

C．kill D．protect

82．From Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3, we can learn that .

A．the students' parents welcome prize programs

B．prize programs are getting popular in many cities

C．the government provides money for prize programs

D．all the education researchers support prize programs

83．According to Roland Fryer and other economists' study, students who are paid ．A．have more scientific methods

B．like to discuss with other students

C．always cheat in examinations

D．have better performance at school

84．The passage mainly tells us ．

A．how to use prizes to encourage the students

B．different opinions on giving students prizes

C．how to make students study hard in schools

D．bad results caused by some prize programs

85．What does the writer think of prize programs？( )

A．He doesn't mention it.

B．He thinks they are harmful.

C．He thinks they are great.

D．He doesn't care about them.

参考答案

71．B 细节理解题。由第一段第二句可知，年轻人住在一个小村庄里。

72．A 细节理解题。由第二段第二句话可知，老人问年轻人为什么不在年轻的时候努力工作。

73．C 细节理解题。由第四段最后一句话可知，老人让年轻人走进一个漆黑的房子。

74．D 细节理解题。由第七段第二句话可知，年轻人还没找到什么东西火柴就熄灭了。

75．A 归纳概括题。本文主要讲述了青春易逝，应该珍惜大好时光的道理，故选A项，意为“青春就像燃烧的火柴”。B项意为“点火柴很危险”；C项意为“年轻人有很多时间”；D项意为“我们应该照顾好自己”。

76．B 细节理解题。文章第二段讲到保护眼睛需要保持正确的坐姿，故A项正确。文章第四段提到保护眼睛的20－20－20准则，故C项正确。文章第八段讲到，保护眼睛需要做一些运动，故D项正确。文章没有提到看绿色的东西可以放松眼睛，故选B项。

77．D 细节理解题。第三段倒数第三句话提到“something like a tunnel”，意为“类似隧道的东西”，故选D项。

78．A 细节理解题。在第五段最后一句话中，前半句提到“cupping your hands over your eyes”，意为“把双手弯成杯状蒙住眼睛”，后半句意为“让它们在黑暗中休息”，故them指代your eyes，故选A 项。

79．D 推理判断题。由第五段第一句话中“imagine there is a clock in front of you”可知，让眼睛放松可以想象你面前有一个钟，而不是面前必须有一个钟，故A项错误。由第六段第一句和第二句可知，是在看向右边之后再把头部转向左边，眼睛保持不动，而不是向右看时向左转，故B项错误。由第七段第二句话中“as close as you can”可知，应该让手指慢慢靠近自己，而不是远离自己，故C项错误。

第五段倒数第二句、第六段和第七段的最后一句都提到了多次重复该步骤，故D项正确。

80．C 归纳概括题。由第一段最后一句话“protecting eyes against tiredness”可知，本文主要讨论如何保护眼睛远离疲劳，故选C项。

81．C 词义猜测题。undermine“损害，削弱”，与kill“杀害”意思相近。understand“懂得，理解”；examine“检查”；protect“保护”。

82．B 推理判断题。由第二段第二句“underway”可知，给学生的奖励措施在许多城市实行，故选B 项。由第三段倒数第二句话中“hot discussion”可知，家长就这个问题在进行激烈的讨论，但不一定都持有积极态度，故A项错误。文章第二、三段没有提到政府提供奖项，故C项错误。由第三段的一、二句可知，教授助理Barbara Mariana反对给学生奖励，所以不是所有的教育研究人员都赞成颁奖的做法，故D项错误。

83．D 细节理解题。由第四段最后一句可知，在学校得到奖励的学生能拿到更好的SAT成绩，去更好的大学，故选D项。

84．B 归纳概括题。本文主要就学校给学生颁发奖项作为鼓励的问题，陈述了不同的观点和看法，有的人赞成，有的人反对，故选B项。

85．A 推理判断题。本文作者主要客观陈述了不同的人对于给学生奖励的做法的不同态度，没有明确提出自己的观点，故选A项。

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