英语新闻写作复习提纲
REVIEW
Cultural Assumptions behind English-language News
(Cultural Differences in News Reporting Between Mainland Media & Foreign Media)
?Is there any assumption behind English-language news? And Why?
?What are the cultural assumptions behind English-language news in the US?
(Ethnocentric—they tended to see the world from an American viewpoint; Democracy--- they strongly believed that capitalism and democracy provided the best structure for society; Individualism--- they assume an individualistic view of the world; Social harmony --- politicians were seen as guardians of social harmony. ) ?What values English-language journalists share when they aspire to international professional standards?
?What historical factors influence news reporting and writing? And how?
The Assumptions:
?Most news organizations assume that their first responsibility is to the people, the public.
?Most news organizations believe that they should be independent of government and sometimes even critical of it.
?They focus on the problems of the society. The job of the media is to show the problem so that others can take action to solve them. Society is strong enough to handle “bad news.”
?English news has at its base the values of western society. These values include a strong belief in the individual and in personal freedom.
Introduction to Media Writing
Media Writing As Mass Communication
A reporter’s job is to look around and see what is happening, then communicate those happenings he or she deems important to the reading, listening or viewing public.
Media writing is more than a matter of gathering facts and putting words together. Writers must work within the opportunities and limits provided by technology, society, the communications process, the demands of the business, and the needs of their audience.
Introduction to Media Theories
Theory of denotative and connotative meanings
●Communication research recognizes denotative and connotative meanings of words and symbols which complicate
the communication process. People attach denotative label (standard, descriptive names) to things, concepts and ideas, but they also put their own connotations (interpretations of meaning or value) on those things, concepts and ideas based on their experiences, attitudes, opinions and beliefs.
The theory of cognitive dissonance
●The theory of cognitive dissonance says people can tolerate only so much emotional upset and, when information we
receive is different from that which we accept or are comfortable with, our mind seeks a balance by rejecting the dissonant information or modifying it.
Individual Differences Theory
●People are unique in the way they approach media messages. Individual demographics and experiences shape
audience perceptions of communicators and their transmissions. Therefore, the credibility of sources and the way issues-oriented messages are viewed can change from person to person.
Social Categories Theory
●Social categories theory maintains that people who share similar demographic characteristics will respond similarly
to a message.
Social Influence
?The theory of social influence states that members of a group (esp. close-knit group) can construct an artificial
Selective Processes
?Selective processes theory contends that while exposure to some media messages may be accidental, for the most part audience members choose whether to pay attention to messages. The information we do retain, is subject to the distortion of selective recall. Events or facts are remembered or subconsciously altered in a way that reinforces our beliefs and attitudes or staves off cognitive dissonance.
Stereotypes
A filtering process takes place as readers, listeners and viewers interpret facts, statements or events. Audiences rely on stereotypes, the mental images people use as a simplified representation of reality
Wants and Needs Gratification
?The theory of wants and needs gratification maintains that an audience will not pay attention to a media message unless the message or the medium fulfills some perceived want or need…all media behavior is based on the expectation of reward.
Opinion Leaders
“The two-step flow of communication”, where media messages travel to influential community members known as opinion leaders, who then explain the significance of media messages to those who look to them for guidance. Narcotizing Dysfunction
?According to narcotizing dysfunction theory, audience members perceive media messages as confusing and contradictory, so they do not make decisions, even though they are relatively well informed.
Cultivation
Media research has identified that many people’s values and world view are related to their media exposure.
Spiral of Silence
?Spiral-of-silence theory says that fear of isolation or separation from those around them causes people to keep their attitudes to themselves when they are in the minority. As more and more people with out-of-the-mainstream views withdraw from public debate, the majority appears stronger.
Gatekeeping
Communication theory recognizes persons called gatekeepers, those who open and shut the gates of communication, determining what an audience sees, hears and reads.
Agenda Setting
Agenda-setting theory holds that the mass media determine what is important by leading newscasts with that story or printing it on page one. Agenda-setting theory concedes the importance of media’s role, but only insofar as media tell audiences what to think about, not what to think.
Status Conferral
Because of their influential nature, the mass media confer status and legitimacy upon persons, organizations and ideas
Implications for Media Writers
?The challenge to the media writer is to write and report stories in ways that avoid creating cognitive dissonance and that slip through the selective-process filters to be retained because these stories appeal to some want or need felt by members of the audience.
Interviewing
Conducting the interview is the heart of journalism; it is an art that applies communications and human relations skills to achieve the delicate balance between eliciting information of interest to audience and helping the subject willing and able to talk freely.
Art of the Interview
●Approach or call a person they have never met before
●Establish rapport
Characteristics of Good Interviewer
●Sincere and heartfelt curiosity is the most valuable asset
●Be gutsy enough to go ahead and ask questions
●Clever enough to ask in a way that will get answers
●Sensitive enough to listen effectively to the answers
●Determined enough to ask even more questions
Kinds of Interviews and Subjects
Factual interview; Positive interview; Negative interview
Different Types of Questions
Closed-ended questions; Open-ended questions; Loaded questions (Biased or leading questions)
Preparing for an Interview
●Choosing sources and subjects
●Brainstorming and making contacts
●Persuading reluctant interview subjects
●Asking for an interview
●Conducting additional research
●Asking Questions
●Establishing ground rules for interview
●Agreeing on off-the-record status
Conducting an interview:
●Planning questions beforehand
●Warming up the subject
●Personal conduct matters
●Asking the tough ones
●Interviewing in a professional manner
●Establishing good communication
●Nonverbal communication
●Note taking
●Ending the interview
Speeches and News Conferences
How to report speeches?
●Who is the speaker?
●What’s the topic?
●What’s new?
●Ask questions
●Observation
News Conferences:
A news conference or press conference is a media event in which newsmakers invite journalists to hear them speak and, most often, ask questions. A joint press conference instead is held between two or more talking sides.
Why do they hold news conferences?
To make something public; Obligation to inform; To be read or viewed.
Basics of Writing and Editing
The basic of effective writing
●Standard usage (Use technically accurate language; avoid grammatical myths; avoid bulky sentences;
subjects and verbs agree; nouns and pronouns; place words properly; be moderate with adjectives and adverbs; avoid empty phrase; keep elements parallel; keep punctuation simple; stick with the Stylebook)
●Simple language (Think before you write; write naturally; eliminate unnecessary words and phrases; avoid
redundancies; prefer simple words; use contractions carefully; avoid creating new words; avoid foreign constructions; avoid unwanted rhyme and alliteration; use short sentences; vary sentence structure; prefer active voice)
●Meaningful language (Create word pictures; use analogies; use the right word; use precise descriptions; use
strong verbs; replace clichés with original words; avoid journalese; rewrite jargon; avoid loaded words; avoid pretentious words and euphemisms; write honestly; use inclusive language)
Basics News Stories
Newsworthy (Determining What Is News)
●Timeliness or currency
●Proximity
●Prominence
●Impact
Suspense
●Human Interest
●Novelty
●Progress
Write a news story
●Lead
●Transitions (link; compare; contrast; create emphasis; show cause and effect; show a relationship in time;
sum up)
●Ethical Considerations
●Avoiding Libel
Three Basic Hard News Stories
●Accidents
●Fire
●Crime
Avoid Common Errors
●Punctuation
●Choosing the Right Word
●Tense
●A, An and The
●Run-on sentences
●Fragment
Feature Writing
Feature writing provides information about an event, idea or situation. It also may interpret or add depth and color to the news，instruct or entertain.
Straight News VS. Features
While the distinction between published features and news is often clear, when approached conceptually there are few hard boundaries between the two. It is quite possible to write a feature in the style of a news story, for instance. Nevertheless features do tend to take a more narrative approach, perhaps using opening paragraphs as scene-setting narrative hook instead of the delivery of the most important facts.
(Narrative hook---The narrative hook is a useful device in storytelling. Narrative hook is a literary technique in the opening of a story that "hooks" the reader's attention so that he or she will keep on reading. The "opening" may consist of several paragraphs for a short story, or several pages for a novel, but ideally it is the opening sentence.)
Categories of Features
?Personality Profile
?Human Interest Story
?Trend Story
?In-depth Story
?Backgrounder (analysis piece)
Pulitzer awards for feature writing
“for a distinguished example of feature writing giving prime consideration to high literary quality and originality.” (Since 1979)
A Feature Story
?Theme (Love and hatred. Peace and war. Birth and death. These are the big themes of life, and they lead to human emotions and dramas, all around us, all of the time…Life.)
?Techniques (Figures of speech; Transitions; Dialogue; Repetition; Quotation)
?Headlines
?Beginnings
?Middle part
?End part
The News Feature Form
?Delayed lead (Classification of Feature Leads: Question; A shocking statement or statistic; quote;
narrative; descriptive;)
?Strong Quote
?Nut Graf- Explains 5Ws 1H --- often “why” is important
?Follow general to specific pattern --- additional sources, quotes, and color throughout
?Kicker --- end of story should leave strong
Lead Writing
Dialogue
Scene with a character engaged in an activity
A startling argument
A contrast
A generalization
A question
An intriguing detail
An anecdote
A …what-if” or “might have-been”
The effect (of a cause)
(Special Topic: Libya War & Media War)
Business and Financial News
The services you receive and the services you provide. Getting and spending.
That is the story of business
They focus on interesting people and their lives; they involve conflict, tension, or drama.
First task is to translate the language of business and finance into a language your readers understand.
Numbers
●Numbers tell a story, if only you will listen to them.
●They are the first to whisper of some impending tragedy, doom, or disaster.
●They are the first to shout triumph or success
●They capture, and give voice, to change.
●They tell us where we have been and where we are going
●They are the language of business and finance
One number is a picture; two numbers are a motion picture.
Business and Financial stories:
●Stories on economic indicators
●Stories on company earnings
●Stories on markets
These stories provide different indications of the economies health.
Each type of story subdivides into numerous different stories, each providing slightly different perspectives on economic performance.
Covering Economic Indicators
●Statistical measures of an economy:
●Unemployment rate
●Retail sales figures
●The number of houses sold
●How much a country imports and exports
●The rate that prices are increasing
Main purpose of these statistics is to answer: What is happening the economy?
No single statistic can give you a full perspective on an economy. A business reporter must rely on a wide variety of economic indicators to convey what is going on.
Six Elements of Business and Financial Stories (CCE/CCF)
●The change in the indicator (typically expressed as a percentage) compared to an earlier period
●The cause or reason for the change (what was driving the number to move?)
●The expectations that people had for the indicator (was this a surprise?)
●Some context, so the reader understands the broader circumstances in which the change took place
●Some comment from independent observers (typically economists or financial analysts, although the story would also
often include comment from the government)
●Some indication of what the future holds (does the indicator suggest things will get better or worse?)
Covering Company Earnings
●The Earnings Statement (also known as the Profit and Loss Statement or the Income Statement)
●The Balance Sheet
●The Cash Flow Statement
Covering Markets
●In the world of business and financial journalism, markets are the ultimate grade givers. They reward good behavior
and punish bad behavior.
●They do this through a process called valuation.
●The market is made up of thousands of investors and institutions representing investors from all over. It is a
fundamental part of b&f journalism.
● A staple of every newspaper’s business section is the stock market comment and the foreign exchange comment.
Sports News
●Sports are symbols of our value systems
●Sport is rich with symbolism and meaning
●Sports journalist is like any other beat reporter
●You will find corruption, bribery, drug scandals, politics, business, economics and more in sports journalism
A Sports Story
● A business story about the economic impact the game or event is likely to have on the host city
● A political story about the influence local or national governments have over the way the game is run.(Example,
Olympics)
● A profile about a single athlete, coach, or team.
● A story about a scandal, such as doping scandal involving an athlete, or a scandal involving officials.
Arts and Entertainment Coverage
It focus on what society is interested in, including music, movies/films, books, television, theater, and art and design. It also concerns itself with the people involved in all of these elements of culture, typically called artists, public figures, or celebrities
Entertainment Journalism
?Entertainment journalism is an umbrella term used to describe all forms of journalism that focus on the entertainment business and its products.
?Entertainment journalism covers industry-specific news while targeting general audiences beyond those working in the industry itself. Common forms include television and film criticism, music journalism, video game journalism and celebrity coverage.
(Special Topic: China’s National Image in U.S. Major Media)
Digital Writing
Digital writing is the art and practice of preparing documents primarily by computer and often for online delivery. Digital writing often requires attention to the theories and practices of designing, planning, constructing, and maintaining dynamic and interactive texts--texts that may wind up fragmented and published within and across databases. Texts that may, and often do, include multiple media elements, such as images, video, and audio.
Phases：
1)global village
2)opinion leaders
3)national image
4)pillar industry
5)inclusive language
6)emotional response
7)marginal analysis
8)human interest
9)track and field
10)fiscal year
11)foreign exchange
12)high culture
13)unemployment rate
14)economic indicators
15)stock market
16)economic recession
17)purchasing power
18) a level playing field
19)popular culture
20)narrative hook
21)favorable balance
22)adverse balance
23)Gross Nation Product
24)beat reporter
25)Gross Domestic Product
26)net profit
27)The Balance Sheet
28)exports and imports
29)The Earnings Statement
30)figures of speech
31)The Cash Flow Statement
32)world-record holder
33)Consumer Price Index
34)entertainment industry
35)run-on sentence
英语新闻报道写作的主要技巧
英语新闻报道写作的主要技巧 新闻报道的结构一般分为四个部分：（一）标题、（二）导语、（三）主体、（四）结语。 标题是新闻的题目，是编辑对最有新闻价值内容的浓缩、概括、提炼和再创造。撰写标题是为了撷取新闻要点、诠释新闻意义、吸引读者阅读。在今天繁忙的现代社会中，报纸的读者大多是标题浏览者。导语是消息开头的第一段或第一句话，它扼要地揭示出消息的核心内容。主体是消息的主要部分，它用充足的事实表现主题，是对导语内容的进一步开展和阐释。新闻报道的结语一般是最后一句话或者一段话，通常对全文内容作概括性的总结，或对新闻事件的发展趋势作出预测。有时，作者根据报道的事实在结语中提出令人深思的问题。 一般来说，标题、导语和主体是构成新闻报道的必不可少的三部分。可根据新闻报道的内容而确定是否要结语或其它内容（如事件和历史背景等），有时，还可将它们暗含在主体中。 在写新闻报道时，首先要注意新闻的标题具有语言幽默风趣的特点，有较强的吸引力。同时，写作依据的材料要充分，要用事实来说话，语言力求简洁。最后，报道中要有亮点，能引人深思或能让人产生强烈的兴趣。 请阅读下面一则关于刘翔获得奥运金牌的体育报道,并试着找出这则新闻报道的标题、导语和主体：
Liu Xiang：Dark Horse in the Athens Olympics Liu Xiang , born on July 13, 1983 in Shanghai, China, is a Chinese hurdling athlete. In 2002, Liu launched his career in fine style by winning the first IAAF (国际业余田径联合会) Grand Prix in Lausanne with a world youth and Asian record time of 13.12 seconds in the 110 metres hurdles. He has since made the finals at the IAAF World Championships in Athletics and IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics. Two of the three cases has seen American hurdling great Allen Johnson take the major prize, but in the last in May at Osaka, Liu managed to beat Johnson with an Asian-record time of 13.2014 seconds. Still young, Liu has improved steadily, and won a gold medal at the 2014 Summer Olympics in the 110 meters hurdles event. In the final, he equaled the world record of 12.91 seconds held since 1993 by Colin Jackson of Wales. This is the first time an athlete of non-African descent (后裔) has dipped under 13 seconds for the 110 meter hurdles.
高考英语阅读题新闻报道类练习题
曹姗（2012年安徽英语状元） 英语要大声朗读，我基本上每天早起读英语或新概念，朗读是一个培养语感的好办法，有助于在解题没有明确依据的情况下提高答案正确率。 坚持阅读训练，达到英语能力和应试能力的统一需要做一定量的题目，尤其是阅读和完形的成绩的提高需要一个过程，不会立杆见影，一定要有毅力和耐心同时要会总结。我从高二起每天做两篇阅读一篇完形，做完后仔细思考做错的题，思维有什么偏差，出题者到底想考什么，逐渐使自己的思路接近命题者。 高考英语阅读题:阅读新闻报道类短文注意六个个方面 在高考阅读理解中屡屡出现，已经引起了我们师生的注意。我们考生在阅读新闻报道类短文时，应该注意以下几个方面： 一、如果有标题的话，要重视新闻报道文章的标题 标题通常点明短文的主题思想，例如：通过某文的标题Old Computers Make for Unhappy Workers Survey说明本篇报道的主题就是陈旧电脑设备导致工人不满，并告知读者这是一份调查报告。但是高考试卷中的大部分新闻报道都会有意识地删掉标题，以考查考生对主题思想的归纳概括能力。 二、重视对新闻报道文章导语部分 由于高考试卷中的大部分新闻报道短文都会有意识地删掉标题，因此全文的主题和论点这时必须通过理解和分析导语部分来获得。考生可以从导语部分的开头来了解该新闻报道的来源和时间，如通过本文开头Beijing 读者可以了解到该篇报道是由中国国内报道的。如果是New Yoke ，那么考生就会知道这篇报道是来自于美国方面的报道。因此考生要想掌握新闻报道的主题或论点概况，必须仔细阅读导语。导语(1ead)就是指新闻报道的第一段或第一、二段(例如上文的第一段)，它是新闻报道最基本内容的概括和浓缩，它通常反映新闻报道的主题或论点。 三、重视每个段落的链接 新闻报道通常结构看似比较松散，而实际上并非如此。新闻报道的正文主要对导语部分所提供的主题信息的相关细节进行叙述或议论。新闻报道在叙述或议论过程中其正文部分往往由很多短小的段落组成，但是这些短小的段落确是按照一定的时间、逻辑或空间等顺序进行展开，环环相扣，因此结构仍然很紧密。 四、重视新闻报道文章的阅读方法
英语新闻写作练习
The 14th "Chinese bridge" Chinese proficiency competition for Turkish university students opened in Middle East Technology University here on Saturday. "My Chinese dream," which is the topic of the contest, attracted 25 students, who have past the writing test in the morning, to give their own story about their connection with Chinese language and culture. "The world is so big, I want to go to china and have a look," the sentence which is quite popular on Chinese web, was used in Arad's speech about why he chose to learn Chinese. Dance of Little Apple, the most popular song in China in 2014, and the drunken beauty of leading Chinese opera performer Li Yugang, among other famous Chinese songs and dances, were included in the performance list of the competitors. The show of famous poetry "To the Oak Tree" written by Chinese poet Shu Ting helped Gullu from sinology department of Ankara University to win the first runner-up and gain a chance to go to China, a dream she has been trying to fulfill for a long time. "I love Chinese poem and songs and I wish to go to China to get my master degree," Gullu said. Zeynep, the girl who won the ticket to the world "Chinese Bridge" competition host annually by Hanban in Beijing, was very excited after the contest. "I am fascinated by Chinese culture and I could even touch the pulse of this dragon. Now I have a chance to improve my Chinese by communicate and compete with the students from other countries in China. What a dream come true!" she said. Wu Changqing, the headmaster of Confucius institute in Middle East Technology University which held this year's "Chinese bridge" competition together with the Chinese embassy to Turkey, said that "The quality of the competition is higher than last year because it is harder to choose better students through writing test and speech competition. The number of Turkish students interested in studying Chinese is increasing these years which force the competitors to learn harder to win the champion." "'Chinese bridge' is not only a contest among Turkish students but also an important pillar of the bridge of social, cultural and economical relationship between Turkey and China, which will definitely benefit Chinese and Turkish people," said Yu Hongyang, the Chinese ambassador to Turkey.
英语新闻的结构特征
新闻写作由于记者写作风格不同，文体结构无定格。但大体上说新闻文体的主体结构是由标题、导语、 正文三部分组成。 标题（headline）：浓缩概括全文的中心实质问题。 导语（1ead or introduction）：通常为文章的第一段。文章的第一段提供主要话题和最主要的事 实。 正文（body）：在导语的基础上，引入更多的与主题相关的事实，使之更加详实、具体，并展开评论， 进而得出结论。 在此我们以消息为例，详细分析一下它的基本结构。消息类新闻属于“硬新闻”，是广泛采用的的一种 新闻体裁。消息报道中的导语十分重要，它位于第一段或第一、二段。通过它点出新闻的主题，这是消 息这种新闻文体区别于其它文体的一个重要特征。五个w和一个h（when？where？who？what？why？和 how？）是构成一则完整的消息不可缺少的要素。直接的消息报道或纯消息报道一般采用“倒金字塔形 式”（the inverted pyramid form），其特点是按新闻报道最重要的五个w和一个h头重脚轻地安排材 料，把新闻的高潮和结论放在最前面的导语里，然后以事实的重要性递减的顺序来安排（in the order of descending importance）材料。 在报纸、广播、电视等新闻媒体每天刊载和播发的新闻中，百分之九十是用倒金字塔结构写成的。 对于报纸来说，倒金字塔结构的新闻有自己的优势。主要是可以使读者很快得到新闻的精华部分；在生 活节奏越来越快的今天，一般读者很少把一条新闻从头到尾读完，他们可能随时放下报纸，因此，报纸 有必要让读者首先读到最重要的新闻内容。 为了帮助读者了解这种倒金字塔式结构，请见西方新闻学著作中的图表说明： the inverted pyramid form introduction containing most important or most interesting
新闻英语试题
I. Give definition to the following jargons on Journalism. (5’ X 4 = 20’) 1. banner 通栏标题 2. jump 跳远 3. cutline 插图说明 4. tabloid 小报；小型画报 II. Write down the following column names in English. ( 5 X 2’= 10’) 1.国际新闻World News 2. 简明新闻NEWS BRIEF 3. 社论EDITORIAL PAGE 4. 体育版sports page 5. 一周回顾Weekly Review III. Answer the following questions briefly. (15’ X 2= 30’) 1. What are the advantage and disadvantage of a summary lead? a summary lead can outline the main point of the entire text. catch the main idea of the text . readers can have a proper and general idea of what the article contained on the short time through the summary. but the disadvantage is that we will not know the details about the article.Besides, a summary lead is A bstract and lack of lively.so, some
高考英语应用文写作之新闻报道上课讲义
高考英语应用文写作之新闻报道
应用文写作之新闻报道(金版学案52页) ?技巧点拨 1.新闻通讯的第一句往往为全文的中心句(topic sentence),因此这个句子中主要讲清what (事件), when (时间), where (地点) 和who (人物),而在下文则要补充事件的过程和细节,往往包括why(目的或原因)和how(具体过程)等。 2.注意新闻类型题材的一些常用语,如It is reported that..., As is reported..., According to the report...; It is estimated that...等。 3.新闻通讯亦为记叙文，时态一般要用过去时，注意句子结构；主句，从句结构要清晰，语言要客观平时，不必追求过分花哨的词汇和过于复杂的句型。 4. 阅读范文时, 重在掌握时间的表达, 背诵范文的第一句和斜体字的句型。 ●假设你是一名新闻记者，请根据以下表格信息给英语报社写一篇新闻报道。 【写作内容】 国际背景今年4月，墨西哥爆发了H1N1流感（flu）,疾病迅速蔓延到全球多个国家。国内影响截至8月30日下午，有报道称河南省某中学共发现确诊病例 (confirmed case) 80 例，那儿的中小学全部推迟开学。 专家估计该疾病的死亡率低于1%，低于SARS 和禽流感（bird flu）。 预防方法勤洗手，多喝水，充足睡眠。 个人信念在政府的帮助下，我们一定能够打赢这战争。 【参考范文】 The H1N1 flu broke out in Mexico in April this year and it has spread quickly to many countries in the world. To our disappointment, by the afternoon on August 30, 80 confirmed cases of H1N1 flu had been reported in a school in He’nan province, resulting in the
英语新闻赏析
一篇英语新闻稿的赏析 英语新闻无论是从结构方面还是从语言方面与国内的新闻相比都其自身的特点。力求在有限的时间和有限的篇幅内传播尽可能多的信息。这就要求新闻英语的文章结构和语言组织要做到短小精悍，言简意赅，重点突出。下面以一篇英语新闻稿为例，进行对英语新闻的赏析。Hundreds of people have been killed in a massive earthquake in Japan that triggered a devastating tsunami. The quake -- the most powerful to hit Japan in more than 100 years -- caused massive damage and many people are missing and feared dead. The 8.9 magnitude quake struck Friday off Japan's eastern coast, and prompted tsunami warnings across the Pacific as far away as South America and the U.S. West Coast. The Red Cross warned that the 10-meter high tidal wave could wash over some small islands entirely. In Japan, the tsunami swept away boats, cars and hundreds of houses in coastal areas north of Tokyo. The quake shook buildings in the Japanese capital and caused several fires. All train and subway traffic in Tokyo has been stopped, and thousands of people there were unable to get back home. Authorities ordered the evacuation of about 3,000 people from the area around the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant north of Tokyo. No radiation leaks were detected, but officials are concerned the reactor's core may overheat due to a system malfunction. A fire was also reported earlier in the turbine building of the Onagawa nuclear plant in Miyagi. Addressing the nation, Japanese Prime Minister Naoto Kan said the government would do everything it can to minimize the effects of the disaster. And in Washington, President Barack Obama said the United States is ready to help the people of Japan. The U.S. military in Japan has opened up the Yokota Air Base to some commercial flights diverted from Japanese airports. 英语新闻消息中的倒金宇塔结构。新闻英语的导语就是用最简练生动的文字将新闻事实的精要和新闻事件的结果首先呈现给读者。让读者在最短的时间内以
新闻写作试题及答案
一、单选题 1. 记者应当履行的基本职责是 A.社会活动家的职责( D ) B.时代瞭望者的职责 C.历史记录者的职责 D.采访报道新近发生的重要事实的职责 2. 在新闻采访中，记者必须遵循的根本原则是( C ) A.实事求是原则 B.依靠领导原则 C.无产阶级党性原则 3.事实与新闻之间的关系，是一种( B D.内外有别原则) A. 流与源的关系 B. 源与流的关系 C. 并列关系 D. 等同关系 4. 记者要自觉地遵守职业道德。当前，在"讲究文德，反对以稿谋私" 方面，首先要坚决反对( D ) A. 采写人情稿 B. 拿原则作交易 C. 见利忘义 D. 有偿新闻 5. 新闻采访的目的是( D ) A.搜集创作素材 B. 采风问俗 C. 取得人证物证 D. 识别和获取新闻 6. 新闻线索的作用，表现在可以触发记者的新闻敏感，可以决定报道 的质量，还可以( A ) A.指明采访的去向 B. 赢得采访的主动权
C.提高采访的工作效率 D. 把采访引向深入 7. 在采访中，记者既要"身入"，又要"心入"。"心入"，就是要有强烈的社会责任感，要对客观事物进行由表及里的分析，还要( D ) A.广泛地接触群众 B. 多方面地挖掘材料 C.细心地掂量各种材料的价值 D. 真心实意地和群众打成一片 8《. 人民日报》有位记者，曾采写了一篇令人振聋发聩的新闻述评《水，让我们重新认识你》。这次采访的成功，主要是因为( A ) A.做好充分的准备工作 B. 记者的头脑灵活 C.采访的机遇好 D. 记者的笔杆子硬 9.采访中开好座谈会首先要求( C ) A.认真做好记录 B. 注意同与会者展开讨论 C.根据采访目的选好对象 D. 把握好座谈的气氛 10. 开放式提问可以让采访对象的回答( A ) A.不受具体答案的限制 B. 思想更加开放 C.有思想活动 D. 有细节与故事 11. 记者为了全面报道长江三峡建设的情况，较长时间住在三峡工地，这种采访方式是( A ) A. 蹲点采访 B. 隐性采访 C. 易地采访
新闻写作练习题有答案
新闻写作习题练习库（夏玲） 新闻知识写作练习题一 一、名词解释 1、新闻真实性 真实性，最简单的定义是：新闻必须反映客观事物的原貌。真实性是新闻存在的基本条件，也是新闻传媒必须遵守的原则。 2、故意失实 指媒体或者新闻报道者事先明知报道内容不符合客观事实,具有虚假成分,但却出于种种主客观因素的制约和影响,而有意为之所导致的新闻报道失实。 3、非故意失实 指新闻报道者并无故意造成失实报道的动机，而是由于种种主客观条件的限制或影响，未能按照客观事实的本来面目如实做出报道所导致的新闻失实。 4、用事实说话 指通过客观地叙述新闻事实及其背景来体现观点、发表意见；或者说是把思想观点藏在精心选择的某些事实里，让受众通过事实自己领悟其中的道理。总之，是“事实”和“观点”的结合。 5、新闻的时效性、可读性、针对性 时效性——指新闻事件的发生与报道之间的时间差,时间差越短,则时效性越强。 可读性——指新闻便于阅读、吸引读者的特性，把新闻报道写得让读者愿意读、喜欢读、读的下去。 针对性——两层意思：一是指在写新闻时，你的心中要有对象感，二是要明确你为什么而写，你的报道针对的是什么问题而发。 6、新闻角度 指记者发现事实、挖掘事实、表现事实的着眼点或入手处。 7、“倒金字塔”结构 消息的倒叙结构，按照事件发生、发展的时间顺序来组织材料，把先发生的放在前面叙述，后发生的放在后面叙述。倒金字塔式的结构，其特点是头重脚轻地组织、安排材料，把新闻的高潮或结论放在最前面，然后按事实重要性递减的顺序来安排，借以突出最重要、最新鲜的事实。 8、“蒙太奇”结构 把新闻事件的情节、场面、细节写成镜头感很强的段落，利用跳笔省略过程的叙述，突出事物的主要特征，再组合和连接而成写作表现方式。 9、新闻语言 通过新闻媒介，向受众报道新近发生的事实，传播具有新闻价值的信息时所用的文字语言叫做新闻语言。 10、新闻白描 新闻白描，是指文字描写的具体方法，即不尚修饰，不用或少用形容渲染，以质朴的文笔，力避浮华、做作，简练而直接地勾勒出事物的特征 11、新闻背景 宏观意义上的新闻背景，是指对人物和事件起作用的历史情况或现实环境。狭义的新闻背景，是指新闻事实之外，对新闻事实或新闻事实的某一部分进行解释、补充、烘托的材
“英语”对外新闻报道、中文新闻写作指导手册
A Practical Guide for International News Reporting in English and Chinese 英语对外新闻报道、中文新闻写作指导手册 本系列讲座以英文对外新闻报道的原则与规范为主要内容，辅之以中文新闻写作的艺术和技巧。在座的同学虽然有的来自翻译社，有的来自文学社，但是作为英语专业的学生，英文、中文的新闻写作素养对大家来说都是必须要具备的基本素质。不同的是大家的侧重点不同而已。那么翻译社的同学侧重于英语新闻写作的学习，而文学社的同学则侧重于中文写作的学习。尤其是其中一些外语系的同学，由于专业不是英语，更要锻炼自己的中文写作能力，并且在有能力的基础上再多了解一些英语新闻写作知识。 我们这个系列讲座或者说是培训，是一项长期的活动，以及长期的任务。相信同学们也希望能有固定的上课时间以及实际锻炼的机会。虽然这个不是正式的课程，也没有考试，但是我想，既然大家都加入到我们这个组织里来了，就是希望能够有所收获，因此，希望大家能够严格要求自己。这个严格体现在如下几个方面： 第一、时间观念 每周上课时间为周六下午2：30—5：30 （课间休息20分钟） 上课地点：4331培训教室 第二、学习、工作态度 严谨的学术精神 一丝不苟的求学精神 灵活的学习方法 广采博取，多学多记，包括文学、语言学、哲学、社会学、心理学、史学、经济学、 法学、自然科学以及宗教、艺术等各个门类的知识充实自己。新闻记者要求知识面广 博而精深，要成为一门或几门学问的专家，具有“多能一专”的知识结构。如果信息 量储存丰富，迸发灵感的机会肯定多。如果没有生活信息、经验的积累，大脑仓库里 空空如也，是无论如何也激发不了灵感来的。 第三、新闻工作者必备素质 民国初年，《申报》记者黄远生谈到新闻记者应该具备的条件：“新闻记者须有四能一、脑筋能想；二、腿脚能奔走；三、耳能听；四、手能写。调查研究，有种 种素养，是谓能想，交游肆应，能深知各方面势力之所存，以时访接，是谓能走， 闻一知十，闻此知彼，由显达隐，由旁得通，是谓能听，刻画叙述，不溢不漏，尊 重彼此之人格，力守绅士之态度，是谓能写。 ●广泛的社会活动能力 ?比如要求大家善于同群众交往，善于做群众工作，善于反映群众的呼声、 愿望和要求，善于从群众中寻找新闻线索，搜集报道素材。那么我们这里 所说的群众就是指我们身边的同学们、老师们、朋友们等等，我们要善于 发现校园里、校园外发生的与我们息息相关的事件，搜集大家都关心的报 道素材。 ?同时，也要善于同领导机关及领导同志打交道，做到举止适度，有礼有心。 既要注意尊重被采访的领导同志，虚心向他们请教，又要注意时时把握新
新闻英语听力测试题
Listen to the BBC news recording and complete the following exercises. Item 1. Listen to the news recording and decide whether the statements are True or False. 1.David Cameron said the United Kingdom takes this irresponsible action extremely seriously. 2.Iranian offices in Tehran were smashed and flags torn down in the attacks. 3.The Iranian foreign ministry described the incident as the unacceptable behaviour of a small group of protesters. Item 2. Listen to the news recording and fill in the blanks. The US doctor 1 ending the life of Michael Jackson has been given the 2 of four years in jail. The judge said Doctor Conrad Murray had 3 and was caught in a cycle of 4 that violated 5 as a doctor. He was found guilty earlier this month of 6 . Listen to the news recording and choose the right answer to each question. 41. Who read a statement to the court? a. a lawyer of the Jackson family b. a friend of the Jackson family c. the Jackson family d. a lawyer and friend of the Jackson family 42. Conrad Murray is NOT convicted of _____________. a. providing a dangerous drug to a vulnerable man b. not caring for him once he stopped breathing c. not caring for him after his death d. trying to cover up what he'd done Item 3. Listen to the news recording and choose the right answer to each question. 43. Laurent Gbagbo is on a plane heading for ____________. a. Ivory Coast b. Korhogo c. the Hague d. Abidjan 44. ____________ has been keen for Mr Gbagbo to be sent to the International Criminal Court. a. The former president b. The government of President Alassane Ouattara c. Pro-Gbagbo armed groups d. the International Criminal Court 45. presence on Ivorian soil caused tension. a. President Alassane Ouattara’s b. Pro-Gbagbo armed groups’ c. T he country's national prosecutor’s d. Laurent Gbagbo’s 46. Around 3,000 people died in . a. April b. National Assembly elections c. a post-election crisis d. the International Criminal Court Item 5. Listen to the news recording and fill in the blanks. The measure: Purpose of the measure: President’s demand: Item 6. Listen to the news recording and decide whether the statements are True or False. 47. Two psychiatrists spent 36 hours talking to Anders Breivik and checking his diaries and police
[英语新闻的结构特征]英语新闻结构分析
[英语新闻的结构特征]英语新闻结构分析新闻由于记者写作风格不同，文体结构无定格。但大体上说新闻文体的主体结构是由标题、导语、 正文三部分组成。 标题（headline）：浓缩概括全文的中心实质问题。 导语（1ead or introduction）：通常为的第一段。文章的第一段提供主要话题和最主要的事 实。 正文（body）：在导语的基础上，引入更多的与主题相关的事实，使之更加详实、具体，并展开评论， 进而得出结论。 在此我们以消息为例，详细分析一下它的基本结构。消息类新闻属于“硬新闻”，是广泛采用的的一种
新闻体裁。消息报道中的导语十分重要，它位于第一段或第一、二段。通过它点出新闻的主题，这是消 息这种新闻文体区别于其它文体的一个重要特征。五个w和一个h（when？where？who？what？why？和 how？）是构成一则完整的消息不可缺少的要素。直接的消息报道或纯消息报道一般采用“倒金字塔形 式”（the inverted pyramid form），其特点是按新闻报道最重要的五个w和一个h头重脚轻地安排材 料，把新闻的高潮和结论放在最前面的导语里，然后以事实的重要性递减的顺序来安排（in the order of descending importance）。 在报纸、广播、电视等新闻媒体每天刊载和播发的新闻中，百分之九十是用倒金字塔结构写成的。 对于报纸来说，倒金字塔结构的新闻有自己的优势。主要是可以使读者很快得到新闻的精华部分；在生
活节奏越来越快的今天，一般读者很少把一条新闻从头到尾读完，他们可能随时放下报纸，因此，报纸 有必要让读者首先读到最重要的新闻内容。 为了帮助读者了解这种倒金字塔式结构，请见西方新闻学著作中 的图表说明： the inverted pyramid form introduction containing most important or most interesting information 导语包括最重要或最吸引人的消息 more facts 更多的事实材料 supporting information or background 辅助性消息或背景材料 quotes or more facts of lesser importance引语或次要的事 实材料
《英文新闻写作》考试复习资料
Journalism Glossary 四、名词解释（共5小题，每小题3分，共计15分。） Agenda-setting: a theory of mass communication suggesting news media influence audiences through the choice of stories to cover and space or time given them; thus, media determine which issues people should think about. Anchors: newscasters who host news broadcasts. Body: the main part or central information of a news story following the lead. By-line: A line at the beginning of some writing in a newspaper or magazine giving the writer’s name. Citizen journalist: the rapid rise of Internet technology, in particular blogging, tweeting and social networking, have empowered persons without professional training to function sometimes as journalists feeding information to mass media. These practitioners now are known as a distinct category -- citizen journalists. Column: an article in which a writer or columnist gives an opinion on a topic Dateline refers to the city from which a news story originates. It usually comes right at the start of the story. Editor: the person who "edits" a story by revising and polishing; the person whose job is to approve copy when it comes in and to make decisions about what is published in a newspaper or magazine. Editorial: an article expressing a newspaper or magazine owner's or editor's position on an issue. Feature writing: journalistic writing covering people, places and events in greater depth and with less timeliness than an immediate hard news story.
新闻写作考试试题及答案
1．广义上新闻写作包括（新闻报道写作）和（新闻评论写作），狭义上新闻写作包括（新闻报道方面的各种体裁的写作）。 2．新闻写作的研究对象包括新闻报道作品以及这类作品的（写作原理）、（写作规律）、（写作技巧）以及相关知识。 3．新闻文体的功能有传递信息（娱乐大众）、（舆论引导），以及（传播知识）和（监督社会）。 4．新闻事业的功能有（传播新闻）、（引导舆论）、（服务社会） 5．新闻写作的基本要求有（信息性）、（知识性）、（可读性）、（时效性）以及（针对性）等。 6．新闻报道的基本写作程序有（发现）、（采集）、（制作）以及（传播）四个阶段。 7．新闻语言要求新闻记者做到准确、（简洁）、（鲜明）、（生动）、要有（时代感），而（白描）是新闻语言的主要特征。 8．新闻导语的类型有（概述型导语）、（描述型导语）、（评述型导语）以及（橱窗式导语）四种类型。 9．新闻背景的两个层面有（宏观）以及（狭义）。 10．通讯选材要注意（材料的典型性）、（围绕主题选材）以及（选材忌重复）。1．简要谈谈新闻写作有哪些重要性。 (1)新闻写作是新闻学研究的一个重要落脚点。 (2)新闻写作是新闻传播过程中一个重要环节。 (3)新闻写作是衡量记者素质的一个重要条件。 2.简要谈谈采写人物通讯因该注意哪些问题。 答：人物通讯是以通讯的形式报道具有新闻价值的人物，反映其行为、事迹和生，在现其精神境界、人生轨迹和生存状态，从而达到教育启迪，或监督批判，警示社会的目的的通讯。要写好人物通讯一般要注意一下几点：（1）通过写事迹，表彰先进人物的思想。人物通讯应以人物为中心，而且一般是一个先进人物为主，笔墨务必集中。人物通讯写人，不应该就事论事，而要“见物、见人、又见思想”。使之写的形神皆备，以“形”传“神”。 （2）抓细节，抓特点。人们对一篇人物通讯的一些事迹、概貌、数字常常看到后可能忘掉，但动人的细节、情节，却往往难以忘怀。因为细节是人物描写中的点睛之笔。另外，要注意表现人物有特色的事迹，挖掘人物的个性特点，并选用新的角度，才能把人物写的富有新意。（3）写先进人物要处理好俩个关系：一是先进人物和党的领导关系。二是先进人物与广大群众的关系。 3.简要叙述一个合格的新闻记者需要具备哪些素质。 （1)政治修养。 表现在俩方面：一是强烈的职业责任感。二是强烈的正义感。 （2）知识修养。 新闻写作涉及社会生活的各个领域，需要有广博深厚的知识根底。所以一个记者处了拥有新闻专业教育背景之外，还要对社会科学以及各种与新闻工作有关的知识有一定的知晓，才能较好地驾驭新闻写作。 （3）思想修养。 加强自己的思维修养，即不断提高自己辨识与表现新闻价值的思维能力。 4.简要谈谈新闻写作为什么要用事实说话。 （1）事实是新闻的本源，没有事实就没有新闻。 （2）事实胜于雄辩。
英语新闻报导写作的主要技巧
英语新闻报导写作的主要技巧 新闻报导的构造一般分为四个部分：（一）题目、（二）导语、（三）主体、（四）结语。 题目是新闻的习题目，是编辑对最有新闻价值内容的浓缩、概括、提炼和再创造。撰写题目是为了撷取新闻要点、诠释新闻意义、吸引读者阅读。在今天繁忙的现代社会中，报纸的读者大多是题目阅读者。导语是消息开头的第一段或第一句话，它扼要地提醒出消息的核心内容。主体是消息的主要部分，它用充足的事实表现主习题，是对导语内容的进一步开展和阐释。新闻报导的结语一般是最后一句话或者一段话，通常对全文内容作概括性的总结归纳，或对新闻事件的开展趋势作出预测。有时，作者根据报导的事实在结语中提出令人深思的问习题。 一般来说，题目、导语和主体是构成新闻报导的必不可少的三部分。可根据新闻报导的内容而确定是否要结语或其它内容（如事件和历史背景等），有时，还可将它们暗含在主体中。 在写新闻报导时，首先要注意新闻的题目具有语言幽默幽默的特点，有较强的吸引力。同时，写作依据的材料要充分，要用事实来说话，语言力求简洁。最后，报导中要有亮点，能引人深思或能让人产生强烈的兴趣。 请阅读下面一则关于刘翔获得奥运金牌的体育报导,并试着找出这则新闻报导的题目、导语和主体：
Ｌiu Ｘiang：Ｄark Ｈorse in the Ａthens Ｏlympics Ｌiu Ｘiang , born on Ｊuly 13, 1983 in Ｓhanghai, Ｃhina, is a Ｃhinese hurdling athlete. Ｉn 20XX, Ｌiu launched his career in fine style by winning the first ＩＡＡＦ (国际业余田径联合会) Ｇrand Ｐrix in Ｌausanne with a world youth and Ａsian record time of 13.12 seconds in the 110 metres hurdles. Ｈe has since made the finals at the ＩＡＡＦＷorld Ｃhampionships in Ａthletics and ＩＡＡＦＷorld Ｉndoor Ｃhampionships in Ａthletics. Ｔwo of the three cases has seen Ａmerican hurdling great Ａllen Ｊohnson take the major prize, but in the last in Ｍay at Ｏsaka, Ｌiu managed to beat Ｊohnson with an Ａsian-record time of 13.20XX seconds. Ｓtill young, Ｌiu has improved steadily, and won a gold medal at the 20XX Ｓummer Ｏlympics in the 110 meters hurdles event. Ｉn the final, he equaled the world record of 12.91 seconds held since 1993 by Ｃolin Ｊackson of Ｗales. Ｔhis is the first time an athlete of non-Ａfrican descent (后裔) has dipped under 13 seconds for the 110 meter hurdles.