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Activated carbon with excellent chromium(VI) adsorption performance prepared by acid–base surface m

Journal of Hazardous Materials141(2007)

315–319

Activated carbon with excellent chromium(VI)

adsorption performance prepared by acid–base

surface modi?cation

S.X.Liu?,X.Chen,X.Y.Chen,Z.F.Liu,H.L.Wang

College of Material Science and Engineering,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin,

Heilongjiang150040,China

Received16December2005;received in revised form1July2006;accepted4July2006

Available online10July2006

Abstract

In the present work,activated carbon(AC)with excellent Cr(VI)adsorption performance especially at low concentrations was prepared by an acid–base surface modi?cation method.Raw activated carbon(AC0)was?rst oxidized in boiling HNO3(AC1),then treated with a mixture of NaOH and NaCl(AC2).Batch equilibrium and continuous column adsorption were conducted to evaluate the adsorption performance.Boehm titration,elemental analysis,and N2/77K adsorption isotherm methods were used to characterize the surface properties and pore structure of modi?ed ACs.The results revealed that the modi?ed AC exhibited excellent Cr(VI)adsorption performance in terms of adsorption capacity and adsorption rate:AC2>AC1>AC0.Modi?cation caused S BET to decrease and the total number of surface oxygen acidic groups to increase.HNO3 oxidization produced positive acid groups,and subsequently NaOH treatment replaced H+of surface acid groups by Na+,and the acidity of AC decreased.The main cause of higher Cr(VI)adsorption capacity and rate for AC2was the presence of more oxygen surface acidic groups and suitable surface acidity.HNO3–NaOH modi?cation shows potential for the preparation of high quality AC for the effective removal of low concentrations of Cr(VI).

Keywords:Activated carbon;Modi?cation;Acid;Base;Adsorption;Hexavalent chromium

1.Introduction

Removal of hazardous metal ions especially in low con-centrations from industrial ef?uent is of great interest due to the large quantity of material processed.Metals ions such as Cr,Hg,Cd,Ni,As,Pb,etc.have a harmful effect on human physiology and other biological systems[1].Chromium, which is on the top priority list of toxic pollutants as de?ned by the EPA,is present in the electro-plating,metallurgy,and chemical engineering wastewater as Cr(VI)in the form of oxidized species,such as chromates(CrO42?),dichromate (Cr2O72?),and dichromate(HCrO4?),depending on pH and Cr(VI)concentration[2].Due to its high solubility,Cr(VI) is most hazardous,since it can accumulate in the food chain ?Corresponding author.Tel.:+8645182191204;fax:+8645182117883.

E-mail address:liushouxin@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8514061251.html,(S.X.Liu).and cause several ailments.The stricter environmental reg-ulations related to the discharge of heavy metals make it necessary to develop ef?cient processes for Cr(VI)removal from wastewater.Several methods were studied for the treat-ment of wastewater containing chromium compounds.Among those,adsorbent adsorption is effective and widely used[3]. Activated carbon(AC)either in powder or in granular form can offer a relatively ef?cient technology for removal of Cr(VI).

Recently,numerous studies were conducted to reveal the rela-tionship between surface characteristics of oxidized activated carbon with its adsorption capacity for toxic metal ions[4]. However,most studies are focused on the highly concentrated Cr(VI),it is rare to?nd work conducted for the low concen-trations of Cr(VI)in wastewater despite its large quantity and different adsorption mechanism.

Cr(VI)can simultaneously adsorb onto AC by an ion exchange mechanism and oxidization mechanism[5].

316S.X.Liu et al./Journal of Hazardous Materials 141(2007)

315–319

The oxidization mechanism is shown according to the fol-lowing equation:

E (HCrO 4?/Cr 3+)=E 0+ E (HCrO 4?/Cr 3+)+ E pH

=E 0

(HCrO

?/Cr 3+)

+0.018log C (HCrO 4?)/

C (Cr 3+)?0.126pH

(1)

E (HCrO 4?/Cr 3+)was dependent on Cr(VI)concentration and pH.An increase in pH and a decrease in Cr(VI)concentration causes the value of E (HCrO 4?/Cr 3+)to drop dramatically.So,for low concentrations of Cr(VI),most wastewater (except those under strongly acidic conditions,pH <1),removal of Cr(VI)through an oxidization mechanism was dif?cult.Results from Kratochvil revealed that the uptake of Cr(VI)(720mg/L)at pH 7was indeed negligible and no Cr(III)was detected in the liquid in equilibrium [3].So,the ion exchange mechanism was dominant for the removal of Cr(VI)at low concentrations.

The ion exchange mechanism of activated carbon was due to the presence of surface functional groups,such as carboxylic,hydroxyl,and lactones,which have a high af?nity for and are the main sites for metal ion adsorption.The nature and amount of these acidic functional groups depend on the nature of the carbon and the history of its formation.It is commonly known that oxidation of activated carbon can signi?cantly enhance the adsorption capacity of Cr(VI)on AC [6].Oxidative treatment in an oxidized gas atmosphere or a reaction with a strong acid such as HNO 3can increase the total amount of acidic func-tional groups on AC,leading to increased adsorption capacity for Cr(VI)[2,4,6].

Based on the equilibrium constants for Cr(VI)hydrolysis,HCrO 4?and CrO 42?are the two major species in the solution [1].Adsorption of HCrO 4?and CrO 42?on activated carbon were as follows [7,8]:

AC–OH 2++HCrO 4? AC–OH 2CrO 4?+H +(2)AC–OH 2++CrO 42? AC–OHCrO 42?+H +

(3)

When activated carbon was treated with boiling nitric acid,oxygen acidic groups –COOH,–OH,–COOR were initially pro-duced.This may be the reason for the higher capacity of AC 1and AC 2than AC 0.Oxygen acidic groups then further reacted with H +formed positive hydronium ions such as –COOH 2+,–OH 2+,C OH +.Because of the reversible characteristics of above reactions,the pH of aqueous solutions decreased with adsorption progress,and the counter reaction became dominant.Therefore,more of positive hydronium ions that are present,the less metal ions can be adsorbed.So,surface pH control may be crucial for the low concentration Cr(VI)removal.

Due to the different adsorption removal mechanism,the objective of this work was to prepare activated carbon with excellent Cr(VI)adsorption performance especially for low con-centrations of Cr(VI).Using a simple method,HNO 3–NaOH surface modi?cation over commercial AC was adapted and the related mechanism was elucidated.2.Materials and methods

Commercial coconut activated carbon (S BET =873m 2/g,par-ticle size 2–4mm)was used,which has been speci?cally used for water treatment and kindly supplied by Jianxin company (Tang-shan,China).Prior to usage,the carbon sample was washed with boiled deionized water and oven-dried at 120?C for 24h (marked AC 0).Activated carbon modi?cation was as follows:10g AC 0was added into 50ml nitric acid solution with concen-tration of 7mol/L,shaken slowly at 90?C for 12h,then dried at 105?C for 24h,and marked as AC 1.Then AC 1was added to the mixed solution of 1mol/L NaOH and 1mol/L NaCl with the ratio of 20mL/g-carbon,shaken at 30?C for 48h,then dried at 105?C for 24h,and marked as AC 2.Cr(VI)aqueous solu-tion was prepared by dissolving analytical grade K 2Cr 2O 7in deionized water.

Elemental analysis was conducted on Euro EA-3000Ele-ment Analysis Spectrometer,N 2was used as carrier gas with a ?ow rate of 11.3mL/min,and H 2was the combustion gas with a ?ow rate of 80mL/min.The concentration of Cr(VI)was determined spectrophotometrically by TAS-900atomic adsorp-tion spectroscopy at 365nm.pH was determined by a PHS-3C pH meter.S BET was determined at 77K using a micrometrics ST-2000automatic apparatus.The surface functional groups containing oxygen were determined according to the Boehm titration method [9,10].The surface pH of the ACs studied was measured according to ASTM D3838based on boiling and sonic slurry method.

The equilibrium adsorption measurement of Cr(VI)from the dilute aqueous solution happened as follows:0.2g activated car-bon sample was added to a series of 100mL Cr(VI)solutions with concentrations from 5to 50mg/L.The bottles were sealed with paraf?n ?lm and then shaken at 30?C at a frequency of 90strokes/min.The adsorbed amount of Cr(VI)was measured according to the change in Cr(VI)concentration.A continu-ous column adsorption experiment was conducted on a quartz glass adsorption column with a 20mm diameter and a 200mm height.Five grams of activated carbon was added and the height of carbon bed was 1.5cm.One liter of Cr(VI)aqueous solution with concentration of 50mg/L was circulated into the column by

S.X.Liu et al./Journal of Hazardous Materials141(2007)315–319

317

Fig.1.Adsorption isotherm of Cr(VI)onto activated carbons at30?C.

a peristaltic pump.The aqueous samples(5mL)were taken at preset time intervals and the species concentration was similarly measured.

3.Results and discussion

The data obtained from the equilibrium and kinetics column adsorption experiments were analyzed to determine the adsorp-tion capacity and rate of the modi?ed and received AC.For all equilibrium systems in this work,no Cr(III)was detected.This result further demonstrated the different adsorption mechanism for low concentrations of Cr(VI).

Cr(VI)adsorption isotherms of AC0,AC1,and AC2were shown as Fig.1.According to the data,adsorption of Cr(VI) on all carbons?tted the Langmuir isotherm well and exhibited type I behavior according to the IUPAC classi?cation.This may be an indicator that mono-molecular layer chemical adsorption https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8514061251.html,ngmuir isotherm constants were calculated from the following equation and the parameters obtained are presented in Table1(Fig.2).

c q =

q m

q m k L(4)

Where q m and k L are Langmuir constants determined from the slope and intercept of the plot,and indicative of max-imum adsorption capacity(mg g?1)of activated carbon and energy adsorption,respectively.c,q are equilibrium concentra-tion and equilibrium amount of https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8514061251.html,pared to AC0 (Table1,AC0=7.6138mg g?1),the adsorption capacity of modi?ed AC was greatly enhanced.The?rst modi?cation of HNO3oxidation increased the adsorption capacity signi?cantly (AC1=13.7457mg g?1);the subsequent second treatment pro-Table1

Langmuir parameters of Cr(VI)adsorption on various carbons

Sample q m(mg g?1)k L

AC07.61380.0343 AC113.74570.0630 AC213.8889

0.0998Fig.2.Adsorption of Cr(VI)on various carbons treated by Langmuir equation. cess can induce a further increase,but this increase is small (AC2=13.8889mg g?1).

The continuous column adsorption result was shown as Fig.3. It must be noted that,although the second treatment process was slightly bene?cial to the adsorption capacity,it could signi?-cantly enhance the adsorption rate.The order of the adsorption rates was found to be AC2>AC1>AC0.

The large adsorption capacity and fast adsorption rate of AC2 revealed its great potential in extremely low concentrations of Cr(VI)in the wastewater treatment?eld.

Oxygen is an important heteroatom for Cr(VI)adsorption which commonly occurs in the form of carboxylic acid groups, phenolic hydroxyl groups,and quinone carbonyl groups.Acti-vated carbons assume an acidic character when exposed to oxy-gen between200and700?C or to an oxidant such as hydrogen peroxide,nitric acid,and sulfuric acid mixtures in the solu-tion[11,12].Generally,the higher the oxygen content,the more acidic the dispersions can be when activated carbon is added into the aqueous dispersion.It can be seen from Table2that more acidic oxygen surface functional groups have been

intro-Fig.3.Concentration pro?les of Cr(VI)continuous column adsorption on var-ious carbons.

318S.X.Liu et al./Journal of Hazardous Materials 141(2007)315–319

Table 2

Boehm titration results for oxide groups on carbons Sample –COOH (mmol g ?1)–COOR (mmol g ?1)–OH (mmol g ?1)Total (mmol g ?1)AC 00.250.600.45 1.30AC 1 1.50 4.378.3714.25AC 2

0.75

4.12

7.37

12.25

Table 3

Elemental analysis results for various carbons Sample w (C)(%)w (H)(%)w (N)(%)w (O)(%)w (O)/w (C)w (H)/w (C)w (N)/w (C)w (O)/w (H)AC 094.6150.5980.455 4.3320.04580.00630.004807.227AC 170.7480.930 1.73426.5880.37580.01310.024529.542AC 2

79.220

0.523

1.259

18.998

0.2398

0.0066

0.0159

36.535

duced by HNO 3oxidation.The number of carboxylic,phenolic,carbonyls on the carbon surface increased.After NaOH treat-ment,the total number of acidic groups slightly decreased.The results of the Boehm titration indicated that the increased acidity is primarily explained by the formation of carboxylic acid and phenolic hydroxyl groups.Clearly,the distribution of chemi-cal groups on the carbon surface is signi?cantly affected by the oxidation of HNO 3.

Adsorption of Cr(VI)was more effective in the case of acid treated activated carbons,resulting from an increase of acidic functional groups [12].Data in Table 2suggested that the adsorp-tion capacity of AC 0,AC 1,and AC 2was proportional to the total amount of acidic surface functional groups on carbon.But the different adsorption capacity and adsorption rate of AC 2and AC 1revealed that higher acidity may result worse adsorption performance.

BET surface area measurement results according to N 2adsorption at 77K were as follows:S BET-AC 0=873m 2/g,S BET-AC 1=853m 2/g,and S BET-AC 2=851m 2/g.Because of erosive action,the ?rst HNO 3oxidation treatment leads to 20m 2/g loss of total surface area due to the collapse of the micro-pore wall.The second modi?cation step has almost no effect on S BET .For physical adsorption,the capacity was proportional to S BET .However,AC 2and AC 1exhibited better adsorption per-formance than AC 0in spite of their lower S BET .The increased capacity may result from changing chemical properties and acidic surface functional groups were thought to play a dom-inant role.

AC 2was prepared by the replacement of H +by Na +on AC 1.However,the difference in AC 2suggested that the release of H +may be detrimental.The result of surface pH tests (pH AC 07.1,pH AC 04.2,pH AC 08.7)showed a difference from H +that had been released into the aqueous solution.Obviously,AC 1released more H +than AC 2.

The data in Table 3show differences in the elemental analysis results.For AC 1,the total numbers for oxygen,hydrogen,and nitrogen are much higher.The change in the elemental ratio of w (O)to w (C),w (H)to w (C)revealed that HNO 3oxidation can increase the oxygen content of the AC surface,as well as the H content.This agreed well with the results of the Boehm titration,in which carboxylic and hydroxyl acid groups increased

during HNO https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8514061251.html,pared with AC 1,the w (H)/w (C)ratio of AC 2decreased signi?cantly and almost with the same with AC 0.This result indicates that on carbon surfaces,H +can be replaced by Na +;and carboxylic/sodium carboxylate complex groups were developed.

The result of the Boehm titration indicated that the total amount of oxygen acidic groups on AC 2and AC 1were almost the same,but they exhibited different adsorption capacities and rates.When activated carbon was treated with HNO 3,oxygen acid groups –COOH,–OH,–COOR were produced at ?rst,then further reacted with H +to form positive hydronium ions such as –COOH 2+,OH 2+,C OH +.When AC 1was further treated by NaOH,H +of carbon surface acidic groups can be replaced by Na +,which then causes surface acidity to decrease.The reason for the different performance of AC 2and AC 1was mainly due to the surface acidity change.The prepared AC 2exhibited slight higher adsorption capacity and a signi?cantly faster rate than AC 1.Therefore,controlling the pH of the solution to favor the adsorption region of metal ions is crucial.When H +is replaced by Na +,adsorptions of HCrO 4and CrO 42?may be as follows:AC–ONa 2++HCrO 4 AC–ONaHCrO 4?+Na +(5)AC–ONa 2++CrO 42? AC–ONaCrO 42?+Na +

(6)

The main cause of the higher Cr(VI)adsorption capacity and rate for AC 2can be attributed to more oxygen surface acidic groups,and suitable solution pH provided by surface groups.HNO 3–NaOH modi?cation showed potential for the preparation of high quality AC for the effective removal of low concentra-tions of Cr(VI).4.Conclusion

For low concentrations of Cr(VI)in wastewater under normal conditions (not under strongly acidic conditions,pH <1),Cr(VI)removal occurs only through an ion exchange mechanism.Sur-face pH of AC is crucial in terms of Cr(VI)adsorption capacity and rate.HNO 3–NaOH modi?cation can enhance the Cr(VI)adsorption capacity onto AC signi?cantly.HNO 3oxidization produced positive acidic groups,subsequent NaOH/NaCl treat-ment replaced the H +of acidic groups by Na +and the acidity of

S.X.Liu et al./Journal of Hazardous Materials141(2007)315–319319

AC decreased.The main cause for the higher Cr(VI)adsorption capacity and rate for AC2was that there were more oxygen sur-face acidic groups,and suitable surface acidity.HNO3–NaOH modi?cation shows potential for the preparation of high quality AC for the effective removal of low concentrations of Cr(VI). References

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2. CR-V全系都采用了5AT，那么国产RAV4为什么选用4AT？是不是太落后了？ ①车辆行驶性能的好与坏主要取决于发动机与变速箱能否良好匹配； ②RAV4的4速变速箱可以完美地匹配发动机，在燃油性能、加速性能方面均能超越竞品，技术上并不落后。 3.“RAV4”的含义 RAV4是“Recreational休闲、 Active 运动、Vehicle汽车、 with 4-wheel drive四轮驱动”的缩写，意为“四轮驱动的休闲运动车”。 4.RAV4的商品特点 ①兼备SUV的“强劲动感”和都市中的“简练”，具有动感、时尚的设计； ②采用乘用车使用P/F?E/G,实现越野和城市路面的所有高动力性能和乘坐舒适性； ③车身布局，兼备了SUV专有的出色车内空间和乘用车专有的灵活性； ④实用性高：大容量储物盒、6:4分割座椅、基于人体工学的中控台设计(自发光仪表盘)、一键可折叠后排座椅。 ⑤设定中国专用配备：增设2.0L E/G的级别(CBU只有2.4L)；2.0L、2.4L分别增设M/T(CBU只有A/T) 5.RAV4车型历史丰田RAV4是第一个将“越野车的造型和四轮驱动能力”与“轿车的舒适性和操控性”

一汽丰田公司发展史

全体员工的不懈努力，坐落于天津西青区杨柳青镇的第一工厂稳步发展，坐落于天津经济技术开发区第九大街的第二工厂2005年3月21日正式投产，公司在工厂建设、产品开发、产能提高和质量控制等方面都取得了长足的发展。第三工厂毗邻第二工厂，于2007年5月28日正式投产。第三工厂的建成投产标志着一汽与丰田的战略合作又步入一个新的阶段。 2008年5月13日，“第四期十五万辆扩建项目”的启动仪式举行，此次新扩建项目的奠基标志着天津汽车工业即将迈向新的发展高度，更具竞争实力和优势的天津一汽丰田正在稳进地走向成熟。RAV4的投产让公司发展迎来了又一新的发展契机。丰田历史丰田生产厂的诞生 1930年,63岁的丰田佐吉去世。他留给子女的是一家拥有近万名员工的欣欣向荣的棉纺厂。19世纪末，佐吉利用其发明的新型织布机创建了这家企业，同时创造了一种不间断供货、避免库存的工作方法，将生产率提高了50%，大大降低了纺织成本，这种方法现在被称为适时工作法”。那时候toyota公司从棉纺厂到汽车，老丰田看准未来的产品已经大量出口到世界各地，所以佐古及其生于1894年的长子喜一郎对日本以外的世界兴趣十足。喜一郎曾对欧洲和美国进行了考察，欧美轰轰烈烈的工业革命使他受到强烈震撼，而汽车更使他热血沸腾。他认定汽车必然是未来举足轻重的交通工具。当时日本还是个不太富裕的国家，只有3家小规模的汽车制造厂，年产量仅区区几百辆，而美国福特公司每天下线l万辆t型轿车。佐吉父子决定涉足汽车制造领域，等经济状况好转便投入生产。丰田生产的运行过程佐吉去世过早，没来得及见到第一辆丰田汽车诞生。儿子喜—郎于1933年月仅投资l3万美元成立了汽车部。设计出aa样车后1933年5月第一辆命名为aa的车问世。1年后,a1开始小批量生产。这是一款大型轿车，外壳呈流线型，很美观，模仿当时的克莱斯勒airflow车型，配备6缸3.4 升发动机输出功率为62马力(46千瓦）。但日本当时汽车保有量极小，市场特别需要的是客货两用车，所以toyoda在开发客货两用车方面投入的力度最大。 1937年,toyoda公司共生产汽车4013辆，其中aa型轿车和ab型敞篷车只占577辆。也正是在这个时期，公司决定把名称改为toyota （丰田）。据传，是一位女占卜师建议这么改的，因为在日语中toyota的书写符号和

一汽丰田公司发展史.doc

一汽丰田一汽丰田成立于2000年6月，占地面积161万㎡，目前生产能力为年产42万辆，公司的主导产品是“威驰”（VIOS）、“花冠”（COROLLAEX）、“皇冠”（CROWN）、“锐志”（REIZ）、“卡罗拉”（COROLLA）轿车以及RAV4。公司注册资本为33亿元人民币，注册于天津经济技术开发区，现有员工12000余人。公司名称：天津一汽丰田汽车有限公司外文名称：T IANJIN FAW TOYOTA MOTOR CO.,LTD. 总部地点：中国天津成立时间：2000年6月经营范围：汽车公司性质：中外合资企业员工数：12000余人车型介绍 1.威驰 7.45-1 2.37万 2.花冠EX 7.98-12.00万 3.皇冠 29.45-97.80万 4.锐志 18.38-38.68万 5.卡罗拉 10.28-19.96万 6.RAV4 16.18-26.96万 7.普锐斯（混合动力） 20.48-26.98万 8.蓝德酷路泽（SUV） 71.50-119.00万 9.柯斯达（小型客车） 30.48-56.05万 10.普拉多（SUV） 50.00-70.00万天津一汽丰田汽车有限公司的前身是成立于2000年6月的天津丰田汽车有限公司。2002年8月，一汽集团与丰田汽车公司在北京人民大会堂签署了战略合作协议，双方共同制订了到2010年在中国的合作项目要达到中国市场占有率10%的宏伟目标。天津一汽丰田汽车有限公司作为两大集团战略合作的重点企业，我们深感责任重大、使命在肩。同时，天津市委、市政府和广大市民对我们的发展也寄予了无限的期待。几年来，公司在天津市委、市政府的亲切关怀下，在一汽集团和丰田公司的大力支持下，通过

一汽丰田一级试题(1)

1. 下列关于丰田的叙述，哪一项错误？ a. 丰田是世界上最大的汽车制造商之一。 b. 丰田汽车分销商遍布世界 100 多个国家。 c. 丰田汽车的年产量超过五千万辆。 d. 丰田总部设在日本爱知县丰田市。 2. 下列关于丰田优质服务活动的叙述，哪一项正确？ a. 分销商主要对成品车辆的质量负责。 b. 要求经销商提供一流的售后服务，以获得“最佳客户满意度”。 c. 丰田优质服务程序旨在提高经销商和分销商的雇员流动率，以增加修理车间的活力。 d. 一流的售后服务意味着在区域内以高成本提供最佳的服务。 3. 以下是关于“技术员优化技艺的十项原则”的叙述。选择错误的一项。 a. 禁止在客户的车辆内吸烟。 b. 正确使用工具和设备。 c. 如果发现除预定工作之外的额外工作，应向维修顾问汇报。 d. 根据设想使用适当的工具执行操作。 4. 下列关于修理车间基本工作责任的叙述，哪一项错误？ a. 负责人/工长将工作分配给技术员，监督他们的技艺，并追踪进程。 b. 技术员从事维护和修理工作，并向顾客解释工作。 c. 技术员组长从事维护和修理工作，并对完成的修理进行最终检查。 d. 维修顾问在接待区处理顾客一般的需求。 5. 下列关于修理车间基本工作流程的叙述，哪一项错误？ a. 图 [2] 显示了维修接待过程，维修顾问直接从顾客那里收到维修车辆的请求。 b. 图 [3] 显示了维修接待过程，技术员估计修理费用。 c. 图 [4] 显示了维修过程，技术员从事维护和修理工作。 d. 图 [5] 显示了最终检查过程，技术员组长进行最终检查。

6. 使用以下哪个工具时必须脱掉手套？ a. 梅花扳手 b. 扭力扳手 c. 研磨机 d. 千斤顶 a b 7. 下列关于工作安全性的叙述，哪一项错误？ a. 为保护您本人免受创伤或烧伤，尽可能不要把皮肤暴露在外。 b. 仅在指定区域丢弃汽油和机油。 c. 如果在危险情况下并未受伤，则没有必要汇报。 d. 由于维修场所不合适或工作人员不小心，出现事故。 [tte11g02_0]

一汽丰田公司发展史

一汽丰田公司发展史 This manuscript was revised by the office on December 10, 2020.

一汽丰田一汽丰田成立于2000年6月，占地面积161万㎡，目前生产能力为年产42万辆，公司的主导产品是“”（VIOS）、“”（COROLLAEX）、“”（CROWN）、“”（REIZ）、“”（COROLLA）轿车以及RAV4。公司为33亿元人民币，注册于，现有员工12000余人。公司名称：天津一汽丰田汽车有限公司外文名称：TIANJIN FAW TOYOTA MOTOR CO.,LTD. 总部地点：中国天津成立时间： 2000年6月经营范围：汽车公司性质：中外合资企业员工数：12000余人 1. 7.45-1 2.37万 2. 7.98-12.00万 3. 29.45-97.80万 4. 18.38-38.68万 5. 10.28-19.96万 6. 16.18-26.96万 7.普锐斯（混合动力） 20.48-26.98万 8.蓝德酷路泽（SUV） 71.50-119.00万 9.柯斯达（小型客车） 30.48-56.05万 10.普拉多（SUV） 50.00-70.00万天津一汽丰田汽车有限公司的前身是成立于2000年6月的。2002年8月，与丰田汽车公司在签署了战略合作协议，双方共同制订了到2010年在中国的合作项目要达到中国市场占有率10%的宏伟目标。天津一汽汽车有限公司作为两大集团战略合作的重点企业，我们深感责任重大、使命在肩。同时，天津市委、市政府和广大市民对我们的发展也寄予了无限的期待。几年来，公司在天津市委、市政府的亲切关怀下，在一汽集团和丰田公司的大力支持下，通过全体员工的不懈努力，坐落于天津西青区杨柳青镇的第一工厂稳步发展，坐落于第九大街的第二工厂2005年3月21日正式投产，公司在工厂建设、产品开发、产能提高和质量控制等方面都取得了长足的发展。第三工厂毗邻第二工厂，于2007年5月28日正式投产。第三工厂的建成投产标志着一汽与丰田的战略合作又步入一个新的阶段。