听写

Test 1

[00:04.25]Cars in the Future

[00:06.77]As big cars cause many problems,

[00:09.37]such as pollution, shortage of parking space, crowded traffic, [00:14.33]scientists are now trying to design some small cars

[00:18.13]that may some day replace today's big automobiles.

[00:22.53]If more people begin to drive such cars in the future,

[00:26.14]there will be less air pollution.

[00:28.36]There will also be more space for parking cars in cities,

[00:32.20]and the streets will be less crowded.

[00:34.95]Three such cars can fit in the space

[00:37.85]that is now needed for one car of the usual size.

[00:42.22]The little cars will cost much less to own and to drive.

[00:46.32]Driving will be safer as these cars can only go 60 kilometers per hour. [00:51.59]The cars of the future will be fine for driving around the city. [00:55.53]However, they will not be suitable for long trips,

[00:58.92]because these cars by petrol can only go 450 kilometers

[01:03.72]before needing to stop for refueling.

Test 2

[00:04.24]The Greenhouse Effect

[00:06.79]To get a better understanding of global warming,

[00:09.67]it is important to understand the greenhouse effect.

[00:14.14]The greenhouse effect is the rise in the temperatures

[00:17.91]caused by absorption of the Sun's heat

[00:20.46]and light by the Earth's surface

[00:22.54]which then is reflected back

[00:24.48]and trapped within the Earth's atmosphere.

[00:27.71]The greenhouses gases, help to keep the Earth warm,

[00:31.15]and this is the reason why life on Earth has existed,

[00:34.45]and still thrives.

[00:37.02]However, with an increase in the gases

[00:39.87]like carbon dioxide, ozone,

[00:42.48]and water vapor in the atmosphere,

[00:45.09]as an outcome to growing environmental pollution;

[00:48.37]industrial, domestic, and loss of vast stretches of

[00:52.36]grassland and rain forest,

[00:54.47]Earth has gotten nearly 14% hotter

[00:57.92]than what it used to be 50 years ago,

[01:00.64]with 2005 being recorded as the hottest year ever.

[01:05.68]Besides humans and plants,

[01:08.16]global warming effects on animals is a cause of concern.

Test 3

[00:04.08]Christmas Candles

[00:06.56]Frankly speaking, Christmas candles are no different

[00:09.92]from any other decorative candle

[00:11.84]that you might find in the shops all through the year.

[00:15.38]But the very fact that they are lit up during Christmastime

[00:18.89]gives them the look of a festival.

[00:21.84]Christmas candles are big in size and designed in several shapes. [00:26.75]You will find the common round shapes

[00:29.14]-Christmas candles tend to play up on the thickness

[00:32.27]so that they can burn longer,

[00:34.25]all through the Christmas Eve if desired.

[00:36.88]Traditional colors of Christmas candles are preferably red or golden, [00:41.53]the colors of the season.

[00:43.30]But you will find all colors on the shelves nowadays.

[00:46.43]However, if other colors are used,

[00:49.02]they are often decorated with obvious Christmas designs

[00:51.95]to make them part of the season.

[00:54.35]Red and golden candles are usually kept as they are,

[00:58.31]because the colors themselves lend grace to the season.

Test 4

[00:06.59]Bread-making

[00:08.62]People make bread in different ways,

[00:11.39]but the bread that's made in Britain contains five ingredients. [00:16.27]There's water, flour of course,

[00:19.36]and then there's salt, sugar and something called yeast.

[00:24.78]A long time ago, people made bread just from flour and water, [00:29.43]and their bread looked and tasted very different

[00:32.29]from the bread we make today.

[00:35.03]It was a different shape-like large flat biscuits,

[00:39.93]and it was dark brown in colour.

[00:43.08]But it was too heavy to digest.

[00:46.31]Then the Egyptians discovered that yeast,

[00:49.72]which is a kind of fungus, will make bread rise.

[00:54.19]Well, in fact, if you look at a modern loaf of bread

[00:58.66]through a microscope,

[01:00.32]it looks a bit like a sponge, doesn't it?

[01:04.12]Full of little holes.

[01:06.06]Well, the holes make the bread lighter,

[01:09.25]of course, and easier to digest.

Test 5

[00:05.04]Unions

[00:06.86]Nearly 100 years ago,

[00:09.05]America's working people began to join together

[00:12.19]to improve their wages and their working situations.

[00:16.24]They formed unions in discussions

[00:18.68]with owners of businesses and factories.

[00:22.02]This idea became known as collective bargaining.

[00:26.02]Unions were started at separate local factories.

[00:29.97]Slowly unions in several factories started to join together.

[00:35.15]As they gained size,

[00:36.92]the unions were able to gain strength and effectiveness.

[00:40.71]By the 1950's unions were successfully representing their members [00:45.84]in most American industries.

[00:48.72]Unions began as organizations for factory workers.

[00:52.71]Later skilled workers such as electricians and plumbers

[00:56.69]organized into unions.

[00:59.11]Recently professional people have also begun to form unions. [01:04.02]The unions not only represent the workers

[01:06.71]in discussions with business management.

[01:09.49]They also train workers for jobs,

[01:12.01]give members money if they lose their jobs,

[01:14.60]and pay workers pensions when they retire.

[01:18.14]Unions have become established institutions of American industry. Test 6

[00:06.08]Changing Rate of Employment

[00:09.78]West Germany had one of the lowest rates of

[00:12.16]unemployment back in 1980.

[00:15.25]It stood at just three percent.

[00:18.84]But then over the next three years

[00:20.96]it rose quite sharply and steadily.

[00:24.35]In 1982 it was nearly six percent,

[00:28.26]and in 1983 it was the same as France.

[00:32.82]1984 saw a slight increase, and 1985 a slight fall.

[00:39.91]The 1985 figure was eight percent,

[00:44.01]in between France and the United States.

[00:47.46]The United States has had ups and downs,

[00:51.00]or rather, it's the only country to show

[00:53.85]a significant drop in the number of unemployed.

[00:58.09]This is due to high interest rates,

[01:00.63]which haven't helped the rest of the world.

[01:03.77]In 1980 the rate was about the same as France and Great Britain, [01:08.49]slightly higher than France, actually, at about seven percent. [01:14.07]This rose to 7.5 percent in 1981,

[01:18.82]and then peaked the following year at over nine percent.

Test 7

[00:06.47]Travel Books

[00:08.34]There are three kinds of travel books.

[00:11.44]The first are those that give a personal,

[00:14.37]subjective account of travels

[00:17.43]which the author has actually made himself.

[00:21.11]If these books are informative

[00:23.10]and have a good index,

[00:25.50]they can be very useful to you

[00:28.00]when you are planning your travels.

[00:30.79]The second can be classified as selective guidebooks

[00:35.44]whose purpose is to give a purely objective

[00:38.64]description of things to be done and seen.

[00:42.74]The third are those books

[00:44.52]which are called "a guide'' to some place or other.

[00:49.48]They will give an analysis or an interpretation.

[00:54.64]They can be as inspiring and entertaining as the first kind, [00:59.50]but their primary function is to assist the reader

[01:03.50]who wishes to plan his tour

[01:05.54]in the most practical way.

Test 8

[00:06.59]Movement of the Earth

[00:08.61]If you are traveling forwards in a train,

[00:11.81]the things around you outside seem to be moving backwards. [00:17.09]The sun seems to rise in the east,

[00:20.48]move across the sky, and set in the west.

[00:25.39]In other words, the sun seems to travel round the earth.

[00:30.50]However, this is not really true.

[00:34.96]It is the earth that is turning on its own axis.

[00:39.41]The earth also travels round the sun on an unchanging path, [00:44.26]known as an orbit. There are seven other planets of different sizes, [00:50.74]which all turn round on their own axes

[00:54.33]and which all travel round the sun.

[00:57.98]These are known as the solar system.

[01:02.13]The planet nearest the sun is Mercury,

[01:05.47]and the planet farthest from the sun is Neptune.

[01:10.91]The orbits of the earth and the other planets

[01:14.01]are not perfect circles. They are ovals.

Test 9

[00:06.85]A Difficult Calculation

[00:10.62]A study shows that a group of second year

[00:13.34]high school students last spring had the same scores

[00:17.35]on the same maths test that first year students had six years ago. [00:23.02]In the opinion of the researchers

[00:25.36]the main factor influencing this decline is

[00:29.56]the pupils' inability to do mental arithmetic

[00:34.17]as a result of the emphasis on calculators.

[00:38.62]But the government gave its blessing to

[00:41.03]the use of calculators in schools

[00:43.41]in a report published five years ago.

[00:47.06]The report suggested that "properly used in the classroom, [00:51.45]calculators can help and encourage children

[00:54.09]to improve their skills".

[00:56.73]Inspectors thought that it was essential to make sure that

[01:00.18]youngsters knew how to use them correctly and sensibly.

[01:06.16]The report suggests that not only

[01:08.66]should calculators be allowed in schools

[01:11.95]but they should be introduced as a compulsory piece of equipment [01:16.52]for every secondary school pupil.

Test 10

[00:06.57]Natural and Synthetic Rubber

[00:09.30]People get natural rubber from rubber trees

[00:12.50]as a white, milky liquid, which is called latex.

[00:16.66]They mix it with acid, and dry it,

[00:19.45]and then they send it to countries all over the world.

[00:23.32]They started rubber plantations in countries

[00:25.86]with hot, wet weather conditions,

[00:29.57]but these still could not give enough raw rubber

[00:32.46]to meet the needs of growing industry.

[00:35.25]It was always possible that

[00:36.82]wars or shipping trouble could stop supplies.

[00:40.58]In the end, they found a way of making artificial,

[00:44.13]man-made rubber which is in many ways better than

[00:48.27]and in some ways not as good as natural rubber.

[00:52.73]It is usually cheaper than natural rubber.

[00:55.66]Today, the world needs so much rubber that

[00:58.61]we use both natural and artificial rubber in large amounts.

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