英美文学总结

专八英美文学总结

英国文学

一、古英语时期的英国文学（499-1066）

1、贝奥武夫

2、阿尔弗雷德大帝：英国散文之父

二、中古英语时期的英国文学

1、 allegory体非常盛行

2、 Romance开始上升到一定的高度

3、高文爵士和绿衣骑士

4、 Willian Langlaud 《农夫皮尔斯的幻象》

5、乔叟坎特伯雷故事集（英雄双韵体）

6、托马斯.马洛礼《亚瑟王之死》

三、文艺复兴时期的英国文学（伊丽莎白时代）（14-16世纪）

1、托马斯.莫尔《乌托邦》

2、 Thomas Wyatt 和 Henry Howard引入sonnet

3、 Philips Sidney 《The defense of Poesie》

《阿卡迪亚》描述田园生活；现代长篇小说的先驱

4、斯宾塞《仙后》诗人中的诗人；斯宾塞体诗节；

5、莎士比亚：长篇叙事诗：《维纳斯和阿多尼斯》、《露克丝受辱记》

四大悲剧：哈姆雷特、李尔王、奥赛罗、麦克白

7、本.琼森风俗喜剧（comedy of manners）《人性互异》

8、约翰.多恩“玄学派”诗歌创始人

9、 George Herbert 玄学派诗圣

10、弗朗西斯.培根现代科学和唯物主义哲学创始人之一

《Essays》英国发展史上的里程碑《学术的推进》和《新工具》

四、启蒙时期（18世纪）

1、约翰、弥尔顿：《失乐园》、《为英国人民争辩》

2、约翰、班扬：《天路历程》religious allegory

3、约翰、德莱顿：英国新古典主义的杰出代表、桂冠诗人；《论戏剧诗》

4、亚历山大.蒲柏：英国新古典主义诗歌的重要代表；英雄双韵体的使用达到登峰造极的使用；《田园组诗》是其最早田园诗歌代表作

5、托马斯、格雷：感伤主义中墓园诗派的代表人物《墓园挽歌》

6、威廉、布莱克：天真之歌、经验之歌；

7、罗伯特、彭斯：苏格兰最杰出的农民诗人；

8、 Richard Steel和Joseph Addison合作创办《The tatler》和《the spectator》

9、 Samuel defoe 英国现实主义小说的奠基人之一；《鲁滨逊漂流记》；《铲除非国教徒的捷径》，仪表达自己的不满；

10、Jonathan Swift 《一个小小的建议》；《格列佛游记》；《桶的故事》；

11、Samuel Richardson 英国现代小说的创始人；帕米拉；克拉丽莎；查尔斯.格蓝迪森爵士的历史；

12、Henry Fielding 英国现实主义小说理论的奠基人；《约瑟夫。安德鲁》；《汤姆.琼斯》，英国现实主义小说的最高成就；

13、劳伦斯、斯特恩：感伤主义小说的杰出代表，《项狄传》，第一部开创了意识流小说的先驱之作品；《感伤的旅行》

14、Oliver Goldsmith：《好心人》；《屈伸求爱》；《威客菲尔德牧师传》，感伤主义文学；

诗歌《荒村》从新古典主义向浪漫主义过渡的标志；

散文作品《世界公民》；

15、谢里丹：《造谣学校》，莎士比亚之后最杰出的英国喜剧，是整个英国史上最优秀的作品之一；达到英国“风俗喜剧”之巅；

五、维多利亚时期的英国文学（19世纪）

1、威廉、华兹华斯：桂冠诗人；《独自云游》《孤独的割麦女》

《抒情歌谣集》最杰出的诗篇；《序曲》；

2、柯勒律治：《古舟子咏》《忽必烈汗》《克里斯贝尔》

3、骚赛：桂冠诗人；《Thalaba the destroyer》是骚赛最重要的长篇史诗之一；另一各是《格拉玛的诅咒》

4、乔治、戈登、拜伦：《唐璜》

5、雪莱：《阿多尼》，悼念济慈，英国史上最杰出的挽歌之一；

《西风颂》、《解放了的普罗米修斯》《致云雀》《诗辩》(A defence of poetry)；

6、约翰、济慈：《圣。阿格尼斯节前夕》是使人最杰出的作品之一；

许多颂歌：《秋颂》《夜莺颂》《希腊古翁颂》

7、阿尔弗雷德、丁尼生：《Break，break，break，》；《公主》；

《悼念In memoriam》英国史上最优秀的挽歌之一;

8、罗伯特、布朗宁：首创dramatic monologue；《环与树》英国19世纪最杰出的长诗之一；

9、伊丽莎白、布朗宁：《孩子们的哭声》；

10、托马斯、昆西：《一个抽鸦片人的独白》，对詹姆斯、乔伊斯和T.S 艾略特产生一定影响；

11、沃尔特、司各特：历史小说之父；

12、简、奥斯汀

13、勃朗特三姐妹

14、乔治、艾略特：原名玛丽安、伊万斯；19世界现实主义小说的杰出代表，同时是多产且学识渊博的作家；《亚当、比的》、《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》《织工马南》《米德尔马契》

15、盖斯凯尔夫人：《玛丽巴顿》；《夏洛蒂勃朗特传》

16、查尔斯、狄更斯：

乐观时期：《波兹特写》《匹克维克外传》《雾都孤儿》《老古玩店》；

不乐观时期：《美国札记》《董贝父子》《大卫科波菲尔》

后期：《荒凉山庄》《艰难时事》《双城记》《远大前程》

17、萨克雷：《名利场》《亨利埃斯蒙德》《纽克母一家》

18、托马斯、哈代：

《远离尘嚣》《还乡》《喀斯特桥市长》《威塞克斯故事集》

《列王》the dynasts:哈代思想艺术集大成之作

19、约瑟夫、路德亚林、吉普林(Joseph Rudyard Kipling)1907年诺贝尔文学奖；

20：约瑟夫、康拉德：《黑暗的心》

21：奥斯卡、王尔德

六、20世纪的英国文学

1、愤怒的青年：金斯利、埃米斯（幸运儿吉姆）；艾伦、西里脱（星期六晚上和星期天早上）；约翰、奥斯本（愤怒的回顾）；

2、叶芝：爱尔兰使人《芦苇的风》《库尔的野天鹅》《驶向拜占庭》

3、John Galsworthy：《福尔赛世家》三部曲the man of property; in chancery; to let;

4、Herbert George wells：现代科幻小说：modern science fiction的鼻祖；《时间机器》

5、Arnold Bennett: 贝内特是现实主义小说家，《老妇谭》是20世纪英国小说的一部经典作品；

6、毛姆：《人生的枷锁》

7、Henry James，现代主义小说的先行者，承上启下的人物；

小说评论集：《小说的艺术》；《黛西.米勒》

8、劳伦斯

9、詹姆斯、奥古斯汀、乔伊斯：

《都柏林人》《一个青年艺术家的画像》《芬尼根守灵夜》《尤利西斯》，全世界范围内意识流创作的最高成就和传世之作；

10、弗吉尼亚、伍尔夫：《雅各布的房间》《到灯塔去》《浪》；

11、E.M．Forster: 《通往印度之路》

12、萧伯纳：《易卜生主义的精华》《鳏夫的房产》《华伦夫人的职业》《英国佬的另一个岛》《圣女贞德》《皮格马利翁》

13、Willian Golding：1983诺贝尔文学奖，《蝇王》；

14、约翰、福尔斯：《法国中尉的女人》；

15、Samuel Beckett塞缪尔贝克特：1969诺贝尔文学奖获得者《等待戈多》《残局》；

16、哈罗德品特：萧伯纳之后英国最重要的剧作家，2005年诺贝尔文学奖得住；

《看管人》《送菜升降机》《背叛》

17、ＴＳ艾略特

18、塞、戴、刘易斯：1968获桂冠诗人；

19、飞利浦、拉金：运动派诗人的领袖；

美国文学

一、殖民地时期的美国文学

1、约翰史密斯：美国文学的第一个作家，《关于弗吉尼亚的真实叙述》；

2、纳撒尼尔沃德：《北美的阿格瓦姆鞋匠》，北美讽刺文学第一笔；

3、威廉布拉德福德：美国历史之父，《普利茅斯种植园史》

4、安妮、布拉德斯特利特《第十个缪斯》

5、迈克尔威格尔斯沃斯

6、爱德华泰勒长诗《上帝对其选民有影响的决定》

7、乔纳森爱德华兹：大觉醒运动中主要的思想家；

二、南北战争时期的美国文学（）

1、富兰克林

2、托马斯、潘恩：《长诗》

3、托马斯、杰弗逊：《独立宣言》

4、约翰、伍尔曼：《日记》

5、飞利浦、弗瑞诺：美国独立革命的诗人

6、飞利浦、惠特利：美国文学史上第一位出版诗集的黑人女诗人，了不起的诗才之称，《胡塞先生和棺木》；

7、威廉、邓拉普：美国戏剧之父

8、华盛顿、欧文：美国文学之父，《见闻札记》《睡古传说》《温克尔》

9、詹姆斯菲尼莫尔库珀：《开拓者》《最后一个莫干希人》《探路人》

10、威廉、布莱恩特：美国的华兹华斯，《诗选》《黄色的紫罗兰》《致水鸟》

11、爱伦、坡：侦探小说的鼻祖，《厄舍古厦的倒塌》《乌鸦》

12、艾默生：超验主义，

13、大卫梭罗

14、亨利、费朗罗：《伊凡吉林》歌颂爱情；《海华沙之歌》第一部描写印第安人的史诗；

15、纳撒尼尔、霍桑：《范肖》《带七个尖角阁的房子》《福谷传奇》以第一人称叙述；

16、麦尔维尔

17、斯托夫人的代表作《汤姆叔叔的小屋》

18、惠特曼：free verse；草叶集；

三、第一次世界大战时期的美国文学

1、豪威尔斯是美国现实主义文学的奠基人，其代表作诗《塞拉斯拉帕姆的发迹》；

2、亨利、詹姆斯：《黛西米勒》；《贵妇人的画像》《美国人》

3、马克吐温

4、赫姆林加兰：加兰是“乡土文学作家”的重要代表，《大路》，80年代美国的真实写照；

5、弗兰克诺里斯：开创自然主义的先河，代表作《章鱼》；

6、欧亨利：美国现代短篇小说的创始人；

7、杰克伦敦：自然主义，《马丁伊登》自传体小说

8、西奥多、德莱赛：美国现代小说的先驱，20世纪美国文学中第一位杰出的作家；《嘉莉妹妹》，《欲望三部曲》：《金融家》《巨人》《斯多葛》；

9、艾米丽迪金森：现代英美诗歌的先驱；

四、一战到二战时期的美国文学

1、罗伯特弗罗斯特：四次获得普利策奖

2、庞德：印象派诗歌运动的主要力量；

3、爱德华、肯明斯：视觉诗歌的创始人；

4、尤金、奥尼尔：《天边外》早起作品；《送冰人来了》；《长夜漫漫路迢迢》，1936年获得诺贝尔文学奖；

5、辛克莱、刘易斯：1930年获得诺贝尔文学奖；第一个获得该奖项的美国作家，《大街》《巴比特》

6、海明威：

7、菲茨杰拉德：《人间天堂》《了不起的盖茨比》《夜色温柔》

8、赛珍珠：《大地》1938年美国历史上第一个获得诺贝尔文学奖的女性作家；

9、《约翰、斯坦贝克：20世纪美国文坛最重要的作家之一，1962年获得诺贝尔文学奖；《天堂的牧场》《煎饼坪》《愤怒的葡萄》《月落》《烦躁的冬天》

10、福克纳：《喧哗与骚动》《寓言》获得普利策奖；最重要的作品三部曲：《村子》《小镇》《大宅》

11、兰斯顿休斯：哈莱姆的桂冠诗人

五、二战以后的美国文学

1、杰克、开鲁亚克：垮掉的一代，《在路上》

2、塞林格：垮掉的一代的重要作家，《麦田的守望者》

3、纳博科夫：《洛丽塔》

4、约瑟夫、海勒：《第22条军规》

5、库特、冯尼格：黑色幽默手法；

6、威廉、斯泰轮：《苏菲的选择》

7、辛格：美国犹太作家，1978年诺贝尔文学奖《路柏林的魔术师》

8、索尔、贝娄：1976年诺贝尔文学奖；《晃来晃去的人》

9、菲利普、罗斯：《美国牧歌》，获普利策奖；

10、托尼、莫里森：1993年获得诺贝尔，第一位美国黑人作家；《最蓝的眼睛》《所罗门之歌》

11、田纳西、威廉斯：《欲望号街车》《热铁皮屋顶上的猫》

12、阿瑟、米勒：《推销员之死》

专八必背人文知识

1. A Tale of Two Cities was written by Charles Dickens.

2. Phonology: The study of speech sounds in language or a language with reference to their distribution and patterning and to tacit rules governing pronunciation.

音位学; 在语言或一门语言中，对有关其分类和模式以及为大家所默认的发音规则的研究音韵学, 音系学

3. Syntax: The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence structure are combined to form grammatical sentences.

句法，研究词或其它句子成分如何联合起来形成合乎语法的句子规则的学科

4. Semantics: The study or science of meaning in language forms.

语义学，以语言形式表示意思的研究或科学

5. acronym : 首字母组合词，首字母缩略词，比如，NATO, UNESCO, BASIC,它们可以

连拼，但VOA是Initialism。

6. Metonymy: A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated, as in the use of Washington for the United States government or of the sword for military power.

换喻或转喻，一种,一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法，如用华盛顿代替美==或用剑代替军事力量，对面来了三个“红领巾”也是，以红领巾指代少先队员。

7. Simile: A figure of speech in which two essentially unlike things are compared, often in a phrase introduced by like or as, as in How like the winter hath my absence been or So are you to my thoughts as food to life (Shakespeare). 明喻, 一种修辞手法，把两种基本不相像的东西进行比较，通常在由like或as引导的短语中，如“我的离开好象是冬天来临”或“你对我的思想就象食物对于生命一样重要”（莎士比亚）

8. Metaphor: A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison, as in a sea of troubles or All the world's a stage(Shakespeare)

隐喻一种语言表达手法，通常用指某物的词或词组来指代他物，从而暗示它们之间的相似之处，如“忧愁之海”或“整个世界一台戏”(莎士比亚) the ship of desert 沙漠之舟9. Oxymoron: A rhetorical figure in which incongruous or contradictory terms are combined, as in a deafening silence and a mournful optimist.

矛盾修饰法, 一种把互相矛盾或不调和的词合在一起的修辞手法，如在震耳欲聋的沉默和悲伤的乐观cruel kindness

10. The affection name given to the clock tower of the Houses of Parliament, Westminster is Big Ben.

11. John Milton the poet wrote of Adam and Eve’s expulsion from the Garden of Ede n in Paradise Lost. Paradise Regained was also written by him.

12. Sonnet: A 14-line verse form usually having one of several conventional rhyme schemes. 十四行诗体, 一种由十四行组成的诗歌形式，通常有一种传统的押韵形式, 莎士比亚用过此诗体。

13. Slang: A kind of language occurring chiefly in casual and playful speech, made up

typically of short-lived coinages and figures of speech that are deliberately used in place of standard terms for added raciness, humor, irreverence, or other effect.

俚语主要出现在非正式的、游戏性的话语中的一种语言，基本由存在时间很短的派生词和修辞构成，它们被故意地用来取代标准的词语以达到生动幽默、无礼或其它效果14. Catch Phrase: A phrase in wide or popular use, especially one serving as a slogan for a group or movement. 警句，妙句，吸引人的词句广泛使用的或流行的用语，尤指用作集团或运动的口号的用语。

15. Jargon: The specialized or technical language of a trade, profession, or similar group.

行话, 一个行业、职业或类似的团体中使用的专业的或技术的语言. terminology

16. Platitude: A trite or banal remark or statement, especially one expressed as if it were original or significant. 陈腔滥调, 陈腐的或平庸的评论或陈述，尤指某人表述它时好象它是新颖的或有意义的

17. Hyperbole: A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect, as in

I could sleep for a year or This book weighs a ton. 夸张法,一种比喻，使用夸张来强调或产生某种效果，比如在我能睡一年或这书有一吨重

18. onomatopoeia: The formation or use of words such as buzz or murmur that imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to.

象声词, 词的构成或用法，例如buzz或nurmur模仿事物或行动的声音.

19. hypotaxis: 从属关系

20. parataxis: 并列结构，指短语或分句间不用连词，如：I came, I saw, I conquered.

21. Transcendentalism: A literary and philosophical movement, associated with Ralph Waldo Emerson and Margaret Fuller, asserting the existence of an ideal spiritual reality that transcends the empirical and scientific and is knowable through intuition. 超验主义, 一种文学和哲学运动，与拉尔夫?沃尔多?爱默生和玛格丽特?富勒有关，宣称存在一种理想的精神实体，超越于经验和科学之处，通过直觉得以把握

22. Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote the Scarlet Letter. 美国

23. Morphology: The study of the structure and form of words in language or a language, including inflection, derivation, and the formation of compounds.

词法，词态学，形态音位学, 语言或某一语言中对于单词的结构和形式的研究，包括词尾变化、派生和合成词的构成

24. affricate: A complex speech sound consisting of a stop consonant辅音followed by a fricative摩擦; for example, the initial sounds of child and joy. 塞擦音由闭塞音伴随着摩擦音而形成的复杂的语音；例如child和joy的第一个音Also called: affricative.

25. Vanity Fair 名利场was written William Makepeace Thackray

26. Neil Armstrong was the first person to walk on the moon. Edwin Aldrin, Michael Collins 尼尔．阿姆斯特朗、埃德温．奥尔德林、迈克尔．柯林斯

27. The title of the national anthem 国歌of Canada is O Canada. 此种类型题同学们可自己多找几个国家。

28. Henry David Thoreau’s work, Walden, has alwa ys been regarded as a masterpiece of New England Transcendentalism.

29. etymology: the history of a word. 词源学

30. The dominant accent in the United States is General American.除纽约市南方新英格兰

31. John Lennon is a member of the band of Beatles 披头士或甲壳虫乐队in the 1960s.

32. In Gulliver’s Travels格列佛游记, Jonathan Swift describes the island of the Houyhnhnms as the world’s most perfect society. 有理智和人性的马Houyhnhnms are horses in fact.

33. Ceoffrey Chaucer wrote Canterbury Tales in fourteenth century.

34. morpheme: A meaningful linguistic unit consisting of a word, such as man, or a word element, such as -ed in walked, that cannot be divided into smaller meaningful parts. 词素, 一种含有一个单词的有意义的语言单位，如-ed在单词walked中，不能被划分为更小的有意义单位

35. The name of the famous stadium露天体育场in the north of London is Wembley.

36. Wimbledon温布尔登[英国英格兰东南部城市](位于伦敦附近, 是著名的国际网球比赛地)

37. Toad in the hole is a Traditional English recipe食谱, originating from Yorkshire, a county in the north of England. 烤面拖牛肉，，面拖烤香肠

38. Boycott: To act together in abstaining from using, buying, or dealing with as an

expression of protest or disfavor or as a means of coercion（强制）. 联合抵制, 联合起来拒绝使用、购买或经销以示抗议、不满或作为强制的手段

39. Segregation: The policy and practice of imposing the social separation of races, as in schools, housing, and industry, especially so as to practice discrimination against people of color in a predominantly white society.

种族隔离, 强制实行种族的社会分离政策及实践，如在学校、居住和工业中，尤指在白人居多的社会中实行有色人种歧视的政策

40. Apartheid: An official policy of racial segregation practiced in the Republic of South Africa, involving political, legal, and economic discrimination against nonwhites. 种族隔离制, 南非共和国实行的一种官方的种族隔离政策，包括在政治、法律和经济诸方面对非白色人种的歧视.

41. Integration: The bringing of people of different racial or ethnic groups into unrestricted and equal association, as in society or an organization; desegregation.

种族或宗教融合, 在社会或组织中，使不同的种族或宗教派别的人处于无限制的平等的关系中；取消种族隔离

42. The majority of French-speaking Canadians live in Quebec.

43. Sir Thomas More coined the word “Utopia”, it means nowhere land in Greek.

44. The Hemingway Code heroes are best remembered for their indestructible spirit.

45. Phoneme: any one of the set of smallest distinctive speech sounds in a language that distinguish one word from another 音位，音素, 语言中最小的语音单位，如英语里mat 中的m和bat中的 b

46. polysemy: 一词多义47. patron saint：保护圣徒, 守护神48. Parentese: 父母语

49. back formation: 逆构词脱落一词的词缀以构成新词typewriter → typewrite

50. allomorph: Any of the variant forms of a morpheme. For example, the phonetic s of cats, z of dogs, and z of horses and the en of oxen are allomorphs of the English plural morpheme. 语素变体, 语素的一种变体形式，如语音学的中之s在cats中，z在dogs中，和iz 在horses中，还有en在oxen中都是英语复数语素的语素变体.

英美文学史名词解释

英美文学史名词解释 TYYGROUP system office room 【TYYUA16H-TYY-TYYYUA8Q8-

英美文学史名词解释 1.English Critical Realism English critical realism of the 19th century flourished in the forties and in the early fifties. The realists first and foremost criticized the capitalist society from a democratic viewpoint and delineated (portrayed) the crying (extremely shocking) contradictions of bourgeois reality. The greatness of the English realists lies not only in their satirical portrayal of bourgeoisie and in the exposure of the greed and hypocrisy of the ruling classes, but also in their sympathy for the laboring people. Humor and satire are used to expose and criticize the seamy (dark) side of reality. The major contribution of the critical realists lies in their perfection of the novel. Charles Dickens and William Makepeace Thackeray are the most important representative of English critical realism. 2.The "Stream of Consciousness" The "stream of consciousness" is a psychological term indicating "the flux of conscious and subconscious thoughts and impressions moving in the mind at any given time independently of the person's will." In late 19th century,

英美文学名词解释(1)

Epic: A long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecti ng the values of the society from which it originated. The style of epic is grand宏伟的 and elevated高尚的. John Milton wrote three great epics:Paradise Lost,Paradise Regained and Samson Agonistes. Sonnet(十四行诗 A sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme Renaissance the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival复活 of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition过渡from the medieval to the modern world.the essence of the Renaissance is Humanism The Renaissance Period A period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance. Humanism人文主义 Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. 2>it emphasizes the dignity of human beings and the impo rtance of the present life.Humanists voiced their belie fs that man was the center of the universe and man did not

英美文学重点整理

What’s symbolism? 1）Symbolism is a movement in literature and the visual arts that originated in France in the late 19th century. In literature, symbolism was an aesthetic movement that encouraged writers to express their ideas, feelings, and values by means of symbols or suggestions rather than by direct statements. Hawthorne and Melville are masters of symbolism in America in the 19th century. 2）举例。

48. “Young Goodman Brown ”is one of Hawthorne ’s most profound tales. What is the allegorical meaning of Brown, the protagonist? What does Hawthorne set out to prove in this tale? How does Melville comment on Hawthorne ’s manner of concerning with guilt and evil?

**ELIZABETH **4. A comparison of the three giants: William Dean Howells; Mark Twain; and Henry James They are the three dominant figures of the realistic period. The forerunner of American Realism is Howells. Though the three writers wrote more or less at the same time, they differed in their understanding of the “truth.”While Mark Twain and Howells seemed to have paid more attention to the “life”of the Americans, Henry James had apparently laid a greater emphasis on the “inner world”of man. Though Twain and Howells both shared the same concern in presenting the truth of the American society, they had each of them different emphasis. Howells focused his discussion on the rising middle class and the way they lived, while Twain preferred to have his own region and people at the forefront of his stories. This particular concern about the local character of a region came about as “local colorism,”a unique variation (变体) of American literary realism.

英美文学 总结

英国文学资料 1.The period of Old English Literature extends from about the year of 450 to the year of 1066. 2.the significant event which the commencement of medieval period in English literature is Norman Conquest in the year of 1066,and the medieval literature in Britain covers about four centuries. 3.Romance is the most popular literature form in the medieval period. 4.Old English poets produced the national epic poem, Beowulf, and a number of more or less lyrical poemsof shorter length, which do not contain specific Christian doctrines but evoke the Anglo Saxon sense of the harshness of circumstance and the sadness of the human lot. 5.Chaucer alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life in his masterpiece The Canterbury Tales. admired as the father of English Poetry. 一、The Renaissance Period (14th--mid-17th century) 1. The cradle of the Renaissance is Italy, and the essential characteristics of it are rising of Humanism and the Reformation of Christianity. 2. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the Engish Renaissane, and it's most important representative is Shakespeare. 1. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙.斯宾塞 the poet's poet

英美文学名词解释

1. In the medieval period ， it is Chaucer alone who ， for the first time in English literature ， presented to usa comprehensive __picture of the English society of his time and created a whole galery of vivid ___ from all walks of life in his masterpiece “the Canterbury Tales ”。 A. visionary / women B. romantic /men C. realistic / characters D. natural / figures 2. Although ____ was essentially a medieval writer, he bore marks of humanism and anticipated a new era of literature to come. A. William Langland B. John Gower C. Geoffrey Chaucer D. Edmund Spenser 3. Humanism spume from the endeavor to restore a medieval reverence for the antique authors and is frequently taken as the beginning of the Renaissance on its conscious ，intellectual side ，for the Greek and Roman civilization was based on the conception that man is the ____ of all things . A. measure B. king C. lover D. rule 4. The essence of humanism is to ______. A. restore a medieval reverence for the church B. avoid the circumstances of earthly life C. explore the next world in which men could live after death D. emphasize human qualities 5. Many people today tend to regard the play “ The Merchant of Venice ” as a satire of the hypocrisy of ___ and their false standards of friendship and love ， their cunning ways of pursuing worldliness and their unreasoning prejudice against _________ . A. Christians / Jews B. Jews / Christians C. oppressors / oppressed D. people / Jews 6. In “ Sonnet 18 ”， Shakespeare has a profound meditation on the destructive power of _________ and the eternal __________ brought forth by poetry to the one he loves . A. death/ life B. death/ love C. time / beauty D. hate / love 7.In The Pilgrim’s Progress, John Bunyan describes The Vanity Fair in a ______ tone. A. delightful B. satirical C. sentimental D. solemn 8. The religious reformation in the early 16th-century England was a reflection of the class struggles waged by the _____. A. rising bourgeoisie against the feudal class and its ideology B. working class against the corruption of the bourgeoisie C. landlord class against the rising bourgeoisie and its ideology D. feudal class against the corruption of the Catholic Church 9. The ______ was a progressive intellectual movement throughout western Europe in the 18th century . A. Renaissance B. Enlightenmrent C. Religious Reformation D. Chartist Movement 10.The 18th century witnessed a new literary form -the modern English novel, which, contrary to the medieval romance, gives a ______ presentation of life of the common English people. A. romantic B. idealistic C. prophetic D. realistic 1. The title of the novel “ A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man ” written by James Joyce suggests a character study with strong _________ elements .

北京外国语大学英美文学专业初试复试备考经验及03

北外英美文学专业初试复试备考经验及 03—06真题 准备考研的时间不长，只有三个月，总结起来两大经验吧，细节和节奏。细节是说考研要做个有心人，要勤看别人的经验，即使不是一个方向的。因为虽然准备的内容不同，但过程都是一样的（讲到底也只有专二不同）。学习别人的经验自己才能避免走别人的弯路，犯别人犯过的错误。节奏是说时间的充分利用，时间不在长短而在效率的高低，要根据自己的情况制定合适的复习计划。在这里给大家小小的鼓励一下：永远不要觉得时间不够用，也永远不要觉得这是不可能完成的的任务。当然要基于自身实力和现实的考虑，我相信大家都明白我的意思。等到真正做到了，你就是那个“传说”。 政治：六十多分没什么经验。。。。。。总的感觉是过线不拉分就好因为进入复试政治和二外就不算分了，不要给自己太大的压力，不要浪费过多的时间，节省下来精力好好看专业。 法语：学校用的是很老的橘黄色皮的《法语》，先复习一遍，把忘掉的知识捡回来。然后把历年真题研究一遍，考察的知识点就那么多，有的题基本没变隔年又考一次。从图书馆借来新大学法语1-3，从头到尾梳理知识点整理笔记。因为知道考什么，所以看得有重点。借书的好处之一就是“书非借不能读也”，借来的总要还，有压力就看得快了，而且借的书都少都有点笔记，看看也是很好的。

基英：分阅读，翻译和写作三个部分。像名字一样就是考察英语的基础，所以投机取巧是不可取的，要稳扎稳打地不间断复习。阅读--每天精读一篇1500字左右的新闻，有用的词句整理出来，有兴趣的段落翻一翻，阅读是最好的输入方式，扩大阅读量不言而喻，也对写作和翻译大有益处。翻译--练了叶子南里面几个靠谱的文章，订在一起没事看看，每翻译一篇都会看到自己逐步的进步，翻译得逐渐成熟。写作—写作看的是内容、结构和语法。虽然在考场上不可能三方面都完美，但是写的时候有这样的意识在脑子里，偏也偏不到哪里去。基础自认为还是不错的，所以每天的复习就是一个routine，保持对英语的娴熟度，主要的精力都集中在复习专业上了。 专业：文学选段匹配+小说分析，今年取消了逻辑题。虽然文学的复习范围没边没沿，文学著作浩如烟海；但是恶俗的讲一句，只要是考试，它就有它的侧重点和一定的规律。文学选段匹配--本着上一原则，我把历年真题找来统计了一下每年考得上都是谁的作品，集中在哪几部作品上。统计过后发现大概十人左右而且都是大家Mark Twain, Charles Dicke ns, Wordsworth…然后就拜读他们的大作就好了。小说的话要先看看写作风格，像总考的adventures of huckleberry finn，如果没读过现读是来不及的，但只要了解马克吐温的写作风格，就会在看到南方方言的第一时间想到他老人家。诗歌

英美文学名词解释(1)

1puritanism清教主义 The dogmas 教条preached by Puritans. They believed that all men were predestined命中注定and the individual ‘s free will played no part in his quest for salvation. This was a rejection of the dogmas preached by the Roman Catholic Church and its rites仪式. The Puritans also advocated a strict moral code which prohibited many earthly pleasures such as dancing and other merry-makings.清教徒提倡严格的道德准则禁止如跳舞和其他许多世俗的快乐的气质。They stressed the virtues of self-discipline,自律thrift节俭and hard work as evidence that one was among the “elect” to be chosen to go to Heaven after death 2Romanticism The term refers to the literary and artistic movements of the late 18th and early 19th century. Romanticism rejected the earlier philosophy of the Enlightenment, which stressed that logic and reason were the best response humans had in the face of cruelty, 残忍的stupidity, superstition,迷信的and barbarism. Instead, the Romantics asserted that reliance 依赖upon emotion and natural passions provided a valid and powerful means of knowing and a reliable guide to ethics 伦理and living. The Romantic movement typically asserts 声称，代言the unique nature of the individual, the privileged status 特权地位of imagination and fancy想象和幻想, the value of spontaneity over “artifice” and “convention”价值的理解“技巧”和“公约”，the human need for emotional outlets, the spiritual destruction 精神上的摧残of urban life.城市生活。Their writings are often set in rural, or Gothic settings and they show an obsessive 强迫性的concern with “innocent” characters—children, young

英美文学四大思潮名词解释(全英)

Romanticism began in the mid-18th century and reached its height in the 19th century.It was an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe.The ideologies and events of the French Revolution and the Industrial Revolution laid the background for Romanticism. The Enlightenment also had influence on Romanticism .It was a revolt against the aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature.The movement validated strong emotion as an authentic source of aesthetic experience, placing new emphasis on such emotions as apprehension, horror and terror, and awe.The Romantic literature of the nineteenth century concentrating on emotion, nature, and the expression of "nothing".famous romanticism writers are such as william Wordsworth:lyrical ballods、william whitman ：leaves of grass Realism beginning with mid nineteenth-century French literature and extending to late-19th- and early-20th-century .It was a reaction againest romanticism and paved the way to modernism.the realism is product of europe capitalist system?s establishment and development.the philosophy and science of europe in 19th century has promated its production authors trend to depictions of contemporary life and society as it was, or is. In the spirit of general "realism" ,realist authors opted for depictions of everyday and banal activities and experiences, instead of a romanticized or similarly stylized

英美文学知识点总结(适用于英语专八)

Old English Literature 古英语文学 （450-1066年） Beowulf （贝奥武甫）---The first English national epic 中世纪英语文学（1066-1500） Geoffrey Chaucer(乔叟，c. 1343–1400) was an English poet. He is remembered for his The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》, called the father of English litera ture―英国文学之父‖William Langland (朗格兰，1330?-1400?),the author of the 14th-century English long narrative poem Piers Plowman《农夫皮尔斯》. 文艺复兴（16-17世纪） William Shakespeare (莎士比亚，1564-1616), English poet and playwright, his surviving works consist of 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems Venus and Adonis 《维拉斯和阿多尼斯》The Rape of Lucrece.《鲁克丽丝受辱记》 Shakespeare‘s greatest works: greatest tragedies are King Lear 《李尔王》,Macbeth《麦克白》,Hamlet《哈姆雷特》, Othello 《奥赛罗》,Romeo and Juliet 《罗密欧与朱丽叶》 grea t comedies: A Midsumme r Night‘s Dream《仲夏夜之梦》,As You Like It 《皆大欢喜》,The Merchant of Venice 《威尼斯商人》, Twelfth Night 《第十二夜》 great historical plays: Richard III 《理查三世》,Henry IV 《亨利四世》, Henry V 《亨利五世》, Henry VII 《亨利八世》 John Milton (弥尔顿, 1608-1674)was an English poet and civil servant for the Commonwealth of England. He is best known for his epic poem Paradise Lost《失乐园》, Paradise Regained《复乐园》Samson 《力士参孙》. 18世纪文学和新古典主义 Alexander Pope (浦柏,1688-1744 ) is generally regarded as the greatest English poet of the eighteenth century, best known for his satirical epigram 讽刺隽语and heroic couplet英雄双韵体.His major works include mock epic satirical poem An Essay on Man 《人论》and An Essay on Criticism 《论批评》 Daniel Defoe ( 笛福，1660—1731)was an English writer who gained enduring fame for his novel Robinson Crusoe《鲁滨逊漂流记》, spokesman for middle-class people Henry Fielding (菲尔丁, 1707 ---1754) ，an English novelist known for his novel:The History of Tom Jones. Jonathan Swift (斯威夫特,1667-1745), was an Anglo-Irish novelist, satirist. He is remembered for novel such as Gulliver‘s Travels《格列佛游记》. Richard Sheridan ( 谢立丹，1751—1816), Irish playwright ,known for his satirical play School of Scandal(造谣学校). He was a represntative writer of Comedies of Manners. Laurence Sterne (斯特恩,1713—1768 ), an English novelist. He is best known for his novel Tristram Shandy （《商第传》）. Oliver Goldsmith （哥尔德斯密斯，1728-1774）English novelist, known for his novel Vicar of Wakefield (《威克菲尔德牧师传记》) Thomas Gray (托马斯?格雷1716—1771 )，an English poet, author of Elegy Written in a

英美文学名词解释总结.doc

英美文学名词解释总结 Romance:Anyimaginationliteraturethatissetinanidealizedworldandth atdealswithaheroicadventuresandbattlesbetweengoodcharactersandvi llainsormonsters.传奇故事：指以理想化的世界为背景并且描写主人公的英雄冒险事迹和善与恶的斗争的想象文学作品。 Alliteration:Therepetitionoftheinitialconsonantsoundsinpoetry.头韵：诗歌中单词开头读音的重复。 Couplet:Itisapairofrhymingverselines,usuallyofthesamelength;oneoft hemostwidelyusedverse-sinEuropeanpoetry.Chaucerestablishedtheus eofcoupletsinEnglish,notablyintheCanterburyTales,usingrhymingiam bicpentameterslaterknownasheroiccoupletsBlankverse:Versewritteni nunrhymediambicpentameter.素体诗：用五音步抑扬格写的无韵诗。 Conceit:Akindofmetaphorthatmakesacomparisonbetweentwostartlin glydifferentthings.Aconceitmaybeabriefmetaphor,butitusuallyprovid estheframeworkforanentirepoem.Anespeciallyunusualandintellectual kindofconceitisthemetaphysicalconceit.新奇的比喻：将两种截然不同的食物进行对比的一种隐喻。 它虽被视为是一种隐喻，但是它往往构建了整首诗的框架，

英美文学名词解释 2

01. Humanism(人文主义) Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.2> it emphasizes the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life. Humanists voiced their beliefs that man was the center of the universe and man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of the present life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders. 02. Renaissance(文艺复兴) The word “Renaissance”means “rebirth”, it meant the reintroduction into westerm Europe of the full cultural heritage of Greece and Rome.2>the essence of the Renaissance is Humanism. Attitudes and feelings which had been characteristic of the 14th and 15th centuries persisted well down into the era of Humanism and reformation.3> the real mainstream of the English Renaissance is the Elizabethan drama with william shakespeare being the leading dramatist. 03. Metaphysical poetry(玄学派诗歌) Metaphysical poetry is commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne.2>with a rebellious spirit, the Metaphysical poets tried to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry.3>the diction is simple as compared with that of the Elizabethan or the Neoclassical periods, and echoes the words and cadences of common speech.4>the imagery is drawn from actual life. Metaphysical poets(玄学派诗人） It is the name given to a diverse group of 17th century english poets whose work is notable for its ingenious use of intellectual and theological concepts in surprising conceits, strange paradoxes and far-fetched imagery. The leading Metaphysical poets was John Donne, whose colloquial, argumentative abruptness of rhythm and tone distinguishes his style from the conventions of Elizabethan love lyrics. 04. Classcism(古典主义) Classcism refers to a movement or tendency in art, literature, or music that reflects the principles manifested in the art of ancient Greece and Rome. Classicism emphasizes the traditional and the universal, and places value on reason, clarity, balance, and order. Classicism, with its concern for reason and universal themes, is traditionally opposed to Romanticism, which is concerned with emotions and personal themes. 05. Enlightenment(启蒙运动) Enlightenment movement was a progressive philosophical and artistic movement which flourished in france and swept through western Europe in the 18th century.2> the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance from 14th century to the mid-17th century.3>its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas.4>it celebrated reason or rationality, equality and science. It advocated universal education.5>famous among the great enlighteners in england were those great writers like Alexander pope. Jonathan swift.etc. 06.Neoclassicism(新古典主义)

英语专八英美文学常识汇总

英语专八英美文学常识汇总

3专八人文知识:英国地理概况 the english channel: the channel is a narrow sea passage which separates england and france and connects the atlantic ocean and north sea. 英吉利海峡：英吉利海峡是一道狭长的海峡，分割英法两国，连接大西洋和北海。 the dee estuary: a small sea ( in irish sea) where the dee river enters. 迪河河口：是迪河流入的一个小海。 "the act of union of 1801": in 1801 the english parliament passed an act by which scotland, wales and the kingdom of england were constitutionally joined as the kingdom of great britain. 1801合并法：1801年英国议会通过法令，规定英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士根据宪法合并成为大不列颠王国。 gaelic: it is one of the celtic language, and is spoken in parts of the highlands. 盖尔语：是盖尔特语言的一种，在高地地区仍有人说这种语言。 the "backbone of england": it refers to the pennies, the board ridge of hills.