2019届高三英语总复习测试卷六
2019届高三英语总复习测试卷六
一、阅读理解。
A【江苏省兴化一中2019届高三考前适应性练习】
There might be as many as 10 million species of complex life on this planet today —— a huge number. But add up all of the complex species that ever lived and some biologists think the grand total would be about five billion. The estimate leads to an astonishing conclusion: a staggering 99% of species are not around any more. They have been driven to extinction.
More species are joining the ranks of the extinct every year. Many scientists believe we are living through an episode of remarkably rapid extinction, on a scale that has been seen only five times in the last half a billion years.
They call this current episode the sixth mass extinction ——a large, global decline in a wide variety of species over a ly short period of time. And they tend to agree that humans are the main cause.
Over-hunting, overfishing, and human-driven habitat loss are pushing many species to the brink. In fact, we have changed the planet so much that some geologists are now suggesting that we have entered a new phase in Earth’s history; an epoch they call the “Anthropocene”. By 2100, it is expected that humans will have caused the extinction of up to half of the world’s current species.
Because we are living through this extinction, it is ly easy for us to study the driving forces behind it. But how do we determine what caused other mass die-offs that happened long ago? To do so we have to look at what archaeologists, palaeontologists, geologists and other scientists have concluded from the evidence they have gathered.
The trouble is, those scientists do not always agree with one another —— even about the most recent extinction event. As well as the five-or six- mass extinctions, there have also been many smaller extinctions.
One of these mini extinction events happened towards the end of the Pleistocene, a few tens of thousands of years ago. It is sometimes called the “megafaunal” extinction because many of the species it claimed were particularly large animals, weighing more than 97lb (44kg). However, its cause remains a debate among scientists.
1. What can we learn about the sixth mass extinction？
A. Humans are the main cause of it.
B. It means a global decline over a long time.
C. It occurred towards the end of the Pleistocene.
D. Scientists still disagree about the cause of it.
2. What can be inferred from the text about species？
A. 99% of species will not be around any more by 2100.
B. By the 22nd century, there will probably be about five million on this planet.
C. About eight years later we will enter what is called the “Anthropocene”.
D. It is not easy for us to figure out causes behind the”Anthropocene”.
3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph ?
A. Land animals.
B. Marine life.
C. Huge animals.
D. Flesh-eating creatures.
B【江苏省高邮中学2019届12月月考英语试题】
Do you think telling lies, whether a little or a lot, isn’t that big of a deal? Well, that depends on the situation. If someone asks, “Does this dress make me look fat?” we might all lie somewhat. We might say, “Of course not. You look great.” Lying to spare someone’s feelings is one thing. Lying to destroy someone’s character or fame is another.
“What’s really terrible is that you can’t undo a big lie,” says a minister we’ll call Morgan. “I promise if you go house to house to say, ‘I feel terrible I wrongly accused my neighbor of stealing,’ the lie will spread like a fire fueled by gasoline. You can’t call back a lie very easily.”
Morgan goes on to say that lies have hurt people more than guns.
“We have a grandfather in our church whose former son-in-law told people the man treated his own children cruelly,” Morgan says. “To this day, we don’t know whether it is true or not. I would tend to doubt it, but I can’t take a chance, especially if he is working with young people in our church.”
Disarming someone who lies is tough. It’s like disarming someone who’s prepared to fire.
That’s why our society is full of people who are forced to cover up the lies of other people.
“I worked with a man who was stealing money from our employer,” says a man we’ll call Fred. “He was so good at lying and doctoring the books (做假账) that it would have taken an FBI agent to stop him. I worried, ‘If I turned him in, and he got out of the trouble, my career at our company would come to an end.’”
Fred says he came up with a plan to drop hints (暗示) to the company owner. “I found printed materials on monitoring possibly dishonest employees. I started mailing them to the company owner without leaving my name. Then one day, over lunch, I told my boss he should have the books checked carefully. He got the hint.”
Fred told us that when the books were checked, the dishonest co-worker tried to blame him for the errors. However, Fred told the company owner he had been dropping hints for some time. The boss got the picture. Fred kept his job. The dishonest guy was fired.
Figuring out how to make a liar public takes work. It can be done, but you might have to move at the pace of a turtle. The slower you move, the more control you will have. You have to give others time to take in the truth.
4. The underlined phrase“spare someone’s feelings”in Paragraph1can be replaced by_______.
A. destroy someone’s feelings
B. avoid hurting someone
C. put someone in a bad mood
D. express someone’s ideas
5. Which of the following can be used to conclude Paragraph 2?
A. It’s no use crying over spilt milk.
B. Every man has his faults.
C. There is no smoke without fire.
D. Pride goes before a fall.
6. How does the author develop this passage?
A. By listing numbers.
B. By making comparisons.
C. By giving examples.
D. By following order of time.
7. What can we know from the passage?
A. It was true that the grandfather treated his own children cruelly.
B. It is not difficult to persuade a dishonest man into telling the truth.
C. Fred’s boss believed the dishonest employee’s words and fired Fred.
D. To make a liar public, we should figure out effective ways in advance.
C【江苏省兴化一中2019届高三考前适应性练习】
A bite from a tsetse fly(采采蝇)is an extremely unpleasant experience. It is not like a mosquito, which can put its thin mouthpart directly into your blood, often without you noticing. In contrast, the tsetse fly’s mouth has tiny saws on it that saw into your skin on its way to suck out your blood.
To make matters worse, several species of tsetse fly can transmit diseases. One of the most dangerous is a parasite that causes “sleeping sickness”, or “human African trypanosomiasis”to give it its official name. Without treatment, an infection is usually fatal.
Like so many tropical diseases, sleeping sickness has often been neglected by medical researchers. However, researchers have long endeavored to understand how it avoids our bodies’ defence mechanisms. Some of their insights could now help us eliminate sleeping sickness altogether.
There are two closely-related single-celled parasites that cause this deathly sleep: Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and T. b. gambiense. The latter is far more common: it is responsible for up to 95% of cases, mostly in western Africa. It takes several years to kill a person, while T. brucei rhodesiense can cause death within months. There are still other forms that infect livestock.
After the initial bite, sleeping sickness symptoms often start with a fever, headaches and aching muscles. As the illness goes on, those infected become increasingly tired, which is where it gets its name. Personality changes, severe confusion and poor coordination can also happen.
While medication does help, some treatments are toxic and can themselves be deadly, especially if they are given after the disease has reached the brain.
It is worth noting that sleeping sickness is no longer as deadly as it once was. In the early 20th Century several hundred thousand people were infected each year. By the 1960s the disease was considered “under control”and had reached very low numbers, making its spread more difficult. But in the 1970s there was another major epidemic, which took 20 years to control.
Since then, better screening programmes and earlier interventions have reduced the number of cases dramatically. In 2009 there were fewer than 10,000 cases for the first time since records began, and in 2019 this figure dropped to fewer than 3,000, according to the latest figures from the World Health Organisation. The WHO hopes the disease will be completely eliminated by 2020.
While this decline looks positive, there may be many more cases that go unreported in rural Africa. To eliminate the disease completely, infections have to be closely monitored.
More problematically, a series of new studies have shown that the parasite is more complicated than previously believed.
Sleeping sickness has always been considered ——and diagnosed ——as a blood disease, because T. brucei parasites can readily be detected in the blood of its victims.
8. A tsetse fly is different from a mosquito in that________.
A. it can put its thin mouthpart directly into your blood
B. all species of tsetse fly can transmit diseases
C. it can spread a parasite that causes “sleeping sickness”
D. its mouth has larger saws than those on a mosquito
9. What can be learned about “sleeping sickness” according to the text ?
A. It is formally called”human American trypanosomiasis”.
B. If left untreated, it can possibly be deadly.
C. It remains as deadly as it used to be.
D. It usually draws attention from medical researchers.
10. What is implied in the last three paragraphs?
A. ”Sleeping sickness” will be completely eliminated by 2020.
B. The parasite causing “sleeping sickness” is easy to detect now.
C. T. brucei parasites can only be detected in the blood of its victims.
D. Data about “sleeping sickness”cases may not be so accurate.
11. What would be the best title of this passage?
A. A mosquito that can carry deadly diseases.
B. A bite from this fly puts you into a deadly sleep.
C. Symptoms that are characteristic of “sleeping sickness”.
D. How to control deadly”sleeping sickness” from a tsetse fly.
D【江苏省泰州中学2019届二模】
Scientists from the University of East Anglia have identified four new man-made gases that are contributing to the damage to the ozone(臭氧) layer. Two of the gases are accumulating at a rate that is causing concern among researchers.
Worries over the growing ozone hole have seen the production of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) gases restricted since the mid 1980s. But the precise origin of these new, similar substances remains a mystery.
Lying in the atmosphere, the ozone layer plays a critical role in blocking harmful UV rays, which cause cancers in humans and reproductive problems in animals.
Scientists from the British Antarctic Survey were the first to discover a huge “hole” in the ozone over Antarctica in 1985. The evidence quickly pointed to CFC gases, which were invented in the 1920s, and were widely used in refrigeration. Extraordinarily, global action was rapidly agreed to deal with CFCs and the Montreal Protocol to limit these substances came into being in 1987. A total global ban on production came into force in 2019.
Now, the newly discovered four new gases can destroy ozone and are getting into the atmosphere from as yet unidentified sources. Three of the gases are CFCs and one is a hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC), which can also damage ozone.
The research has shown that four gases were not around in the atmosphere at all until the 1960s, which suggests they are man-made. The scientists discovered the gases by analyzing polar snow pack. Air from this snow is a natural archive of what was in the atmosphere up to 100 years ago. There searchers also looked at modern air samples, collected at remote Cape Grim in Tasmania.
They estimate that about 74,000 tonnes of these gases have been released into the atmosphere. Two of the gases are accumulating at significant rates. However, they don’t know where the new gases are being released from and this should be investigated. Possible sources include chemicals for insecticide (杀虫剂)production and solvents (溶液) for cleaning electronic components. The three CFCs are being destroyed very slowly in :the atmosphere—so even if emissions (散发)were to stop immediately, they will still be around for many decades to come.
Of the four species identified, CFC-113a seems the most worrying as there is a very small but growing emission source somewhere, maybe from agricultural insecticides. We should find it and take it out of production.
12. What do we know about the newly discovered gases?
A. Some are surely produced by the development of agriculture.
B. The CFCs will have a long impact once they are released.
C. They gather together in the atmosphere at a medium speed.
D. Their amounts are not large enough to cause damage to us.
13. The underlined word “archive” in Paragraph 6 is closest to the meaning of “”.
A. state
B. resource
C. phenomenon
D. storeroom
14. What will the scientists probably attempt to do about the gases next?
A. Find out what can replace things like insecticides and put them into use.
B. Find out how they destroy ozone and get rid of those in the atmosphere.
C. Find out where they are exactly from and stop them from being released.
D. Find out if HCFC is more harmful than CFCs and take proper measures.
E【山西省平遥中学2019届高三3月调研】
A daily multivitamin may give your well-being an extra benefit, but if you’ve ever swallowed one and si ck right after, you know it’s hardly a pleasant experience. ___16___ .
◆You’re taking vitamins on an empty stomach.
Vitamins that are more acid in nature, like vitamin C, may cause nausea(恶心) if they’re consumed on an empty stomach. Vitamins A, D, E and K, unlike some others, may be better absorbed when not taken with food.
◆___17___
Vitamins are like medicines in that they can act on each other and other medicines you’re taking.___18___Some research suggests that multivitamins could cause side effects when taken at the same time estrogen(雌激素)levels are raised.
◆There’s a lot of iron in your pill.
Multivitamins that contain a lot of iron or iron supplements themselves can cause nausea. This is especially true if you’re taking them outside of a meal. Iron is interesting in that it’s best absorbed on an empty stomach, but it’s hardest to take on an empty stomach because of the nausea. ___19___It might decrease the absorption
a little bit but it’s better than nothing.
◆Allergic Reaction Side Effects
Since multivitamins contain so many vitamins and minerals, allergic reactions are certainly possible. Mild allergic reactions can include itchiness(痒)and a few hives(荨麻疹).____20____Should you experience more advanced signs of an allergic reaction, such as trouble breathing, chest pain, widespread hives or a swollen facial region, visit the closest emergency room immediately.
The label on your vitamins should provide directions for taking them Check the information before taking it to see what else you should know.
A. Y ou’re taking vitamins with other medicines.
B. Below are a few reasons why they may be making you ill.
C. It’s important to discuss with an expert the timing of these vitamins.
D. These stomach issues can be extremely disturbing.
E. It’s better to take it with food than trying to take it on an empty stomach.
F. If you experience these side effects, stop use and contact your doctor.
G. Please review the combinations to make sure there are no harmful interactions.
二、完形填空。【江苏省泰州中学2018届二模】
Optimism and pessimism are both powerful forces. Each of us must choose which we want to___16___our future and our expectations. We can choose to laugh or cry, bless or___17___. It’s our decision: from which perspective do we want to view life? Will we look up in___18___or down in desperation?
I believe in the upward look. I choose to___19___the positive and skip right over the negative.
An optimistic attitude is not a luxury(奢侈品); it’s a(n)___20___. The way you look at life will determine how you feel, how you perform, and how well you will get along with other people.___21___, negative thoughts, attitudes, and expectations___22___themselves; they become a self-fulfilling prophecy(预言). Pessimism creates a dark place where no one wants to live.
Years ago, I drove into a service station to get some gas. It was a beautiful day, and I was feeling great. As I walked into the station to pay for the gas, the attendant said to me, “How do you feel?”That seemed like a(n)___23___question, but I felt fine and told him so. “You don’t look well,”he replied. This___24___me completely by surprise. A little___25___confidently, I told him that I had___26___felt better. Without hesitation, he continued to tell me how bad I looked and that my skin appeared yellow.
By the time I left the service station, I was feeling a little___27___. About a block away, I___28___over to the side of the road to look at my face in the mirror. How did I feel? Was I affected with jaundice(黄疸)? Was every all right? By the time I got home, I was beginning to feel a little nauseous(恶心). Did I have a bad liver? Had I___29___some rare disease?
On another beautiful day, when I went into that gas station, feeling___30___again, I figured out what had happened.The place had recently been painted a bright, distasteful___31___, and the light reflecting___32___the walls made everyone inside look as though they had hepatitis(肝炎)! I wondered how many other folks had___33___the way I did. I had let one short conversation with a total___34___change my attitude for an entire day. He told me I looked sick, and before long, I
was actually feeling sick. That single___35___observation had a great effect on the way I felt and acted.
The only thing more powerful than negativism is a word of optimism and hope. When a whole culture adopts an upward look, incredible things can be accomplished.
16. A. shape B. decide C. preview D. transform
17. A. forgive B. curse C. praise D. regret
18. A. vain B. anger C. action D. hope
19. A. highlight B. analyze C. evaluate D. introduce
20. A. necessity B. opportunity C. quality D. identity
21. A. Actually B. Consequently C. Similarly D. Contrarily
22. A. rely on B. feed on C. go on D. take on
23. A. familiar B. ordinary C. odd D. easy
24. A. got B. took C. stopped D. made
25. A. more B. less C. quite D. too
26. A. never B. ever C. once D. always
27. A. uneasy B. unconcerned C. unsatisfied D. unaffected
28. A. got B. came C. took D. pulled
29. A. come up B. brought up C. picked up D. put up
30. A. fine B. upset C. sick D. calm
31. A. gray B. blue C. yellow D. red
32. A. in B. over C. off D. through
33. A. quit B. adapted C. answered D. reacted
34. A. liar B. onlooker C. attendant D. stranger
35. A. positive B. negative C. careful D. rigid
三、语法填空。【山西省平遥中学2018届高三3月高考适应性调研考试】
When it comes to eating habits, China is a country we must mention. Unlike in the west,___41___everyone has their own plate of food, in China the dishes___42___(place) on the table and everybody shares. If you’re being treated by a Chinese host, be prepared for a ton of food.
While eating, the host serves food with public chopsticks to guests___43___(show) his or her politeness. The appropriate thing to do is to eat the food and say how delicious it is. If you don’t like it, you can just say a polite
“thank you”, with the food___44___(leave) there. But don’t stick your chopsticks upright in the rice bowl. If so, it’s very impolite___45___the host and seniors who are present at the table.
At dinner, if half of the fish is eaten up, a guest shouldn’t turn the fish over by saying “fan”, which is___46___Chinese word for “turn over”, which is considered bad luck for___47___(fisherman) and their boats. The___48___(separate) of the fish bone from the lower half of the flesh is usually done by the host or hostess. This is especially true in South China.
These tips above will be____49____(extreme) useful when you visit China, an___50___(east) country with a long history.
四、短文改错。【安徽省六安市第一中学2018届高三下学期适应性考试】
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Recently we had a class meeting on the topic of My Chinese Dream. Some mentioned the inspired Chinese Dream put forward by President Xi. And the others talked enthusiastically about his understanding of the Chinese Dream. I also talked about my own dream. I had always wanted to be a doctor. Not only can doctors save people’s life but also they are doing a respectable job. Doctors can also help people to live a better life without their professional knowledge. To realize my dream, I must learn as much as I can get into a good medical college，which I can make fully preparations for the job of a doctor.
I believe hard work is that it takes to accomplish my goal.
五、书面表达。【云南省昆明市2019届高三摸底调研测试】
假定你是李华，英国网友Tom对你的家乡菜很感兴趣，你买了一本英文版的中国地方菜谱（local recipe）快递给他，请给他写一封电子邮件提醒他接收，内容包括：
1．礼物简介；
2．预计收件时间。
注意：1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【答案解析】
Dear Tom,
Knowing that you are interested in my local food,I bought a Chinese local recipe for you as a gift.
It is a best-seller with an attractive cover that is recommended by many popular restaurants in China. When going through the content, not only can you find varieties of Chinese local food, but also you can get to know the simple tips on making them. In addition, the recipe is translated into English and that's why I chose it for you. Yesterday afternoon I delivered it through Mail Express.You are expected to receive it next Wednesday. Please keep me informed if you get it.
I hope my gift can bring you joy and enrich your life.
Sincerely yours,
Li Hua 【分析】
本文书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封电子邮件。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本篇是一篇电子邮件：英国网友Tom对你的家乡菜很感兴趣，你买了一本英文版的中国地方菜谱（local recipe）快递给他，请给他写一封电子邮件提醒他接收，内容包括：礼物简介；预计收件时间。
第2步：根据写作要求确定关键词，如：local recipe（当地菜谱）；many popular restaurants（很多受欢迎的餐厅）；through Mail Express（通过邮件快递）；enrich your life（丰富你的生活）等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态语态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】本文是一篇电子邮件，内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。文中使用高级句子。Knowing that you are interested in my local food,I bought a Chinese local recipe for you as a gift.现在分词做原因状语；It is a best-seller with an attractive cover that is recommended by many popular restaurants in China.此处it是形式主语，that是真正的主语从句；When going through the content, not only can you find varieties of Chinese local food, but also you can get to know the simple tips on making them.现在分词做时间状语，同时句中使用部分倒装；the recipe is translated into English and that's why I chose it for you.句中使用why引导的表语从句。