大学英语四级考试专项讲解(完型填空和翻译部分)

大学英语四级考试专项讲解（完型填空和翻译部分）

五．完形填空(Cloze)专项

完形填空(Cloze)题型分析

完型填空(cloze)是在一篇长度约为200词、题材熟悉、难度适中的短文中留出20个空白，每个空白为一题，每个题分别提供四个选择项，要求考生在全面理解文章内容的基础上，从这四个选择项中为每题选择一个最佳答案，从而使短文意义连贯、结构完整。该部分占卷面分数10％。

完形填空题型的主要特点

1、全文所设置的20个空白的间隔有的词多, 有的词少。其原因是设置空白需要根据语言点和考点。

2、从选项来看, 每小题的4个选项一般都属于相同或对等的词类或结构, 属于同一范畴。20个小题的80个选项中所用到的词汇或结构基本不重复, 以期增大考查的覆盖面。

3、从考查能力的重点看, 是以考查对文章的通篇理解和词汇意义为主。单纯从语法角度命制的题不多, 一般需要考生把握上下文语境的逻辑关系, 掌握一定的常识, 理解词语的搭配等。

总体上讲, 完形填空主要考查考生对语段的连贯性和一致性等特征的辨识能力, 以及对一定语境中规范的语言成分的掌握, 是对考生综合运用语言能力的大检验。

完型填空常规测试点

1、词汇辨析

词汇是完形填空的最大的考点，近几年，完型填空部分中的词汇辨析的难度在上升，由以往以语篇理解为主的词汇考查转向对较高难度词汇进行考查。主要考查实词，如名词、形容词、动词、副词。对名词的测试要点主要是同义词和反义词辨义。对形容词的测试要点是形容词做定语、表语，形容词最高级和比较级等。对动词的测试要点是短语、惯用语及虚拟语气。副词的考查内容包括各类副词(地点副词、时间副词、方式副词、程度副词、连接副词和疑问副词)。选项往往以同义词，近义词，反义词或形近易混词的形式出现。固定搭配以动词、形容词与副词、介词构成的词组居多。这些词组出现在完形填空中，主要以副词和介词为考点。此部分的出题方式一般是把介词和副词抽出来作选择题，给考生的表面印象是考介词、副词，但是实际考的是短语或惯用语；有时候也会考某些介词的独立用法。

2、语法结构

对语法结构的考查集中在以下几点：l)虚拟语气；2)定语从句(连接词，限定与非。限定定语从句的区别，定语从句与其它主从复合句的区别)；3)状语从句；4)非谓语动词(动词不定式，现在分词，．过去分词，动名词)；5)主谓搭配一致(时态，语态，语气，人称，数)；6)并列句，

省略句，倒装句及割裂的复杂句子；7)逻辑主语(主要是非谓语动词的逻辑主语)，在句法上不是主谓关系，但在语义上为施动者与动作的关系；8)词类之间的搭配要求，如名词需要形容词，名词，冠词，非谓语动词，词组及定语从句修饰；动词需要副词词组修饰；及物动词后应加宾语词；9)强调句型等。做这一类题除了要有系统准确的语法知识之外，还要注意上下文的逻辑关系和语篇内容，这样才能确保答案的正确。

3、语篇衔接

语篇主要考查学生从宏观角度理解全篇文章的能力，它包括：(1)理解文章的逻辑关系；(2)掌握文章的中心思想；(3)利用上下文复现和同现的信息确定正确答案。

4、背景知识

背景知识题主要是考查读者的常识。有时文章中提供的信息并不够, 还需要与读者头脑中储存的一般知识信息结合起来考虑, 最后做出符合常识的最佳选择。当然, 试题的设计者应尽量避免这类题的出现, 因为它已超出了语言考查的范围。

完形填空的解题步骤

1、细读首句、启示全文。

完型填空所选短文一般无标题, 但首句通常不设空格, 因此它往往是了解文章全貌的“窗口”; 因此可判断文章体裁, 推测文章大意, 对我们理解全文有重要的启示作用。

2、通读全文, 掌握大意。

先要稳下心来, “硬着头皮”把短文从头到尾快速阅读一至两遍, 以从整体上感知全文, 掌握大意。跳过空格、不看选项、快速阅读, 困难肯定是有的。但要注意文中的暗示, 努力找出关键词。如果是故事性文章, 那时间、地点、人物就是关键词; 抓住了关键词就抓住了故事的线索, 进而理解全文, 此时选填就不会是胡猜乱填。可见, 通读全文进而掌握大意是做好“完型填空”的先决条件。在掌握了短文大意之后, 才可边读短文边选择答案。在阅读过程中, 也许有些答案会在脑海中浮现, 有些觉得很有把握或是不大, 这时最好不要急于动笔, 先读完。因为有些空白处, 从单一的句子本身来看是难以确定答案的。

3、瞻前顾后, 先易后难。

瞻前顾后即前后观察, 对空格前后句子作深入分析, 确定空格在句中的意思。如果是语法问题, 不仅要考虑时态、语态, 还要考虑整个词法、句法。如果是语义问题, 要从上下文分析, 依据短文自身完整的语言环境进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。先易后难就是首先选出那些只根据上下文就能确定的、直接的、明显的答案, 诸如固定词组、常见句型等。这就增强了信心, 减轻了心理压力, 以便集中精力解决难度较大的选项。瞻前顾后, 不要忘记首尾照应, 首句之重要大家已注意, 同时不要忽视尾句的画龙点睛的作用。另外要牢记文章的中心思想, 每个空白处的含义与前后句的意思要联系起来理解。文章最前面的空格提出的问题很有可能要到文章的末尾才能找到答案。

4、上下连贯, 合乎逻辑。

这是从句子结构的角度来考虑。如果空白处位于引导状语从句的位置上, 则首先要分清是何种状语从句(时间、原因、条件、结果、目的、让步、比较关系、行为方式……), 然后再选择适当的词填空。总之, 填入单词后要使句子意思和结构都完整, 上下连贯, 合乎逻辑。5、复核全文, 消除疏漏。

填空全部完成后, 还要通读一遍, 检查是否前后贯通、内容清楚、主题突出。复读过程中, 如果有某些地方意义含混或矛盾, 就应该依据文章的中心意思来重新考虑。凡不通之处, 必有

待推敲的疑点。应从意义和语法两个角度仔细权衡, 加以改正, 以便弥补疏漏。从语法上, 检查一下所完成的句子是否主谓一致：时态、语态是否正确; 句词、代词的性、格是否一致; 动词、形容词、名词与介词的搭配是否准确无误。对于个别难度较大的空项, 可以凭着自己的语感, 坚持第一感觉选择的答案。

六．翻译(Translation)专项

翻译解题步骤

第一步：首先快速浏览句子，先看英语不看汉语，从而判断划线处所填句子的形式、时态。所谓形式包括：1.词组固定搭配(不定式短语、分词短语、动名词、句子等); 2.虚拟;3.被动。所谓时态是指：根据前后已经给出的英语句子判断所填英语句子的时态。

第二步：看括号里面的汉语句子，以核心谓语动词为切入点，找准主谓宾、分清定状补。第三步：先翻译主谓宾、后翻译定状补，切块对应翻译，重新组合。动词注意时态，名词注意单复数。

翻译实战演练

1. Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to (适应不同文化中的生活).[ 06.12] [解题步骤]: 第一步：由it is not easy to可以推出，划线处应该接动词原形；第二步：划分成分“适应不同文化的生活”；核心谓语动词是“适应”，“不同文化的”作定语，“生活”作宾语；第三步：(1)切块对应翻译：“适应”=adapt; adapt to; adapt oneself to；“生活”=life；“不同文化的”=different cultures；(2)重新组合：adapt oneself to the life in different cultures。[正确答案]：adapt oneself to the life/living in different cultures

2. The victim (本来会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time.

[解题步骤]: 第一步：由The victim if he had been taken to hospital in time.可以推出，划线处应该填写谓语动词和宾语使得主句完整，并且主句形式、时态根据后面的if he had been taken to hospital in time确定应该采取虚拟语气，是对过去的虚拟；第二步：划分成分“本来会有机会活下来”，核心谓语动词是“本来有机会------”，“活下来”作宾语；第三步：(1)切块对应翻译：“本来有机会------”= would have a chance to do sth，“活下来”=survive；(2)重新组合：would have a chance to survive.

[正确答案]：would have/stand a chance to survive/of survival

几种虚拟语气的形式

第一种：由“if ”引导的虚拟句子

(1). 与现在的事实相反：[If --- + were/did---, --- + would do---]

If I were you, I would marry him. 如果我是你,就会嫁给他。

(2). 与过去的事实相反：[If --- + had done---, --- +would have done---]

If you had worked hard , you would have passed the exam.如果你用功学习,就会通过考试了。

(3). 与将来的事实可能相反：[If ---+ should do---, ---+ would do---]

If it should rain tomorrow, what would you do? 如果明天下雨,你怎么办?

第二种：用在表示要求、建议、命令等的名词从句中

从句谓语形式为：“---(should ) + do sth”(在美语中should常省去) 。

类似用法的动词有：insist (坚持) , suggest (建议) , order(命令) , propose (建议) , demand (要求) , command (命令) , advise (建议) , desire (要求、请求) , request (请求) , require (需要、要求) , ask (要求) , prefer (宁愿), recommend(推荐) , arrange ( 安排) , advocate ( 拥护、提倡) ,maintain(坚决主张)等后面的宾语从句中。

第三种：在“It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that ....”句型中，that

从句中的谓语动词用should + 动词原形

其他类似的词还有“It + be + important (necessary , natural , essential , strange , absurd , amazing , annoying , desirable, surprising , vital , advisable , anxious , compulsory , crucial , imperative , eager , fitting , possible , impossible , improper , obligatory , probable , preferable , strange , urgent 等, 以及insisted , suggested , ordered , requested , arranged , recommended 等) + that ---”

第四种：用在It is time that --- 结构中, 从句的动词必须用过去时以表示实际上

还未做到，意思则指现在或将来，that一词可以省略，意思是“早该”或“该”。

It is time (that) we went to bed .咱们该睡觉了。

注意: 1. time 前可加about (表示“大约”) 或high(表示“强调”) 等。

2. it is time to do sth.表示“应该做某事了”、“是做某事的时候了”，例如：It’s time for you to get a bath.

翻译考点分析

1. 固定搭配考点这是翻译中的最为核心的考点，也是近几次命题密度最高的知识点，应该引起高度重视。比如说名词与动词搭配，形容词与名词搭配，动词与副词的修饰关系，名词与介词搭配，更为重要的是常见的固定词组以及固定表达，这些都可能成为本次考试的命题重点。

例1：By contrast, American mothers were more likely _________________________ (把孩子的成功归因于) natural talent.(大纲样题)。

【考点剖析】这个题目就非常典型。有两个固定搭配考点：1)be likely to do sth ; 2) owe...to /attribute...to (把...归因于)

2. 核心语法考点这部分语法考点大多数是以前词汇语法考题考点的重现和转移，这一点要引起同学的重视，尽管词汇单选题现在不考了，但是还是不能忽视这部分题目，因为考点是一致的。核心语法考点最重要的虚拟语气，其次是倒装结构、从句知识、倒装结构、非谓语动词等。

例1：The professor required that ___________(我们交研究报告) by Wednesday .

【考点剖析】本题是典型的语法题目。重点考查考生对虚拟语气的掌握。Require后面接从句的时候，一定会虚拟语气，语法结构为require that +sb+should+动词原形。

例2：Not only ___________________________ (他向我收费过高), but he didn't do a good repair job either (大纲样题)

【考点剖析】本题同样为典型的语法考点。考查了考生对倒装结构这个特殊语法现象的掌握情况。句首的Not only决定了倒装连接，下文用了过去时态，因此，这里需在he之前加did。

所以答案应该为did he overcharge me。

3. 核心动词以及动词短语的考查

例1：Though a skilled worker, ____________________(他被公司解雇了) last week because of the economic crisis .

【考点剖析】本题的重要考点就是考生对"解雇"这个核心动词的翻译。可以表示解雇的有dismiss, discharge, fire等。

四级翻译实践

1．I have had great deal of trouble_____________________________(跟得上班上的其他同学)。2．___________(我们没有人料到主席会出现) at the party. We thought he was still in hospital.

3. A good many proposals were raised by the delegates,________________(正如预料的那样).

4. Most doctors recognize that medicine is as much__________(是一门科学，也是一门艺术).

5. Some women ___________________(本来能够挣一份很好的工资) in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sale of the family.

6．Over a third of the population was estimated_________(无法获得) to the health service.

7. Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used_______(习惯了学生迟到) his lecture.

8. The price of beer____________(从50美分到4美元不等) per liter during the summer season.

9.We’d like __________________(预订一张餐桌) five for dinner this evening.

10. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means____________(想找麻烦).

11. It may be necessary to stop__________________________(每隔…时间) in the learning process and go back to the difficult points in the lessons.

12. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he ______________(伤害自己).

13.Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was_______________(忙着准备) her examination.

14. The ship’s generator broke down and the pumps____________________(不得不用手工操作) instead of mechanically.

15. Why didn’t you tell me you could me the money? I_____________ (本来不必从银行借钱的）16．By the time you get to New York, I____________(已经动身去) London.

17. Buying clothes______________________(是一件很耗时的工作), because those clothes that

a person likes are rarely the ones that fit him or her.

18. It’s time_____________________(采取措施) about the traffic problem downtown.

19. When I was very young, I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon___(克服了这种心理).

20. Please don’t stand in the kitchen, you’re________________（挡路了）.

21．There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone ______(打扰我) that evening.

22.__________(正是由于她太没有经验) that she does not know how to deal with the situation.

23.When I __________________(发现他骗我) I stopped buying thins there and started dealing with another shop.

24. The manager would rather his daughter__________________(不在一个办公室内工作).

25. The sports meet originally due to be held last Friday__________(最终因天气不好而取消了). 26．I__________________(将在做实验) from three to five this afternoon.

27. How close parents are to their children_________________ __(有很强的影响) the character of the children.

28. But for his help, I _____________________(我不可能这么早完成).

29. His remarks left me ____________________________(想知道他的真实目的).

30. Mark often_____________________(试图逃脱罚款) whenever he breaks traffic regulations. 31．If this can’t be settled reasonably, it may be necessary to______________(诉助武力).

32. The room is in a terrible mess; it _____________________（肯定没打扫过）.

33. Everybody knows he____________________________（受到了冤枉指控）.

34. He wears a pair of sunglasses________________________（惟恐被别人认出来）.

35. She never dreams of _______________________(被派到国外).

36. If you won’t agree to our plan,_____________________(他们也不会同意).

37. I should say Henry is _______________________(与其说是个作家不如说是) as a reporter.

38. _____________________(信不信由你), his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.

39. If you don’t like to swim, you ____________(不妨待在家里).

40. Please be careful when you are drinking coffee in case you______________(弄脏了新地毯). 41．Frankly speaking, I’d rather you ___________(不采取任何措施) about it for the time being.

42. In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives_____________(起着不可缺少的作用) in raising children.

43. John seems a nice person, ___________________(即使这样), I don’t trust him.

44. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence,____(正在研制) and perfected now.

45. What a lovely party! It’s worth_________________(牢记一生).

46．Though you stay in the sea for weeks, you will not__________(失去联系) the outside world.

47. Cancer is _________________(仅次于) heart disease as a cause of death.

48. It is a pity that we should stay at home when we have ______________(这么好的天气).

49. I would ______________(不会诉诸法律) a court of law if I hadn’t been so desperate.

50. John cannot afford to go to the university, _________________(更不用说出国了).

51．I don’t mind your_____________(你延期做出决定) the decision as long as it is not too late.

52. I suggested he ____________________（使自己适应）his new conditions.

53. I have no objection_______________________（再听听你的故事）.

54. This popular sports car______________（正在生产出来）out at the rate of a thousand a week.

55. _____________________________ （请你找张空白纸）and write your name at the top? Answers

1. keeping up with the rest of the class.

2. none of us expected the chairman to turn up

3. as was to be expected

4. an art as it is a science

5. could have made a good salary.

6. to have no access

7. to students?? being late for 8. ranges/varies from 50 cents to $4

9. to reserve a table for 10. to make trouble

11. at intervals 12. injure himself

13. busy preparing for 14. had to be operated manually

15. needn’t have borrowed it from the bank. 16. shall have left for

17. is often a very time-consuming job 18. something was done/some measures were taken

19. overcame it/got over it 20. in the way

21. had interrupted me 22. it is because she is too inexperienced

23. caught him cheating me 24. did not work in the same office

25. was finally called off/cancelled because of the bad weather

26. will be doing/conducting the experiment 27. has a strong influence on

28. would not have finished so early 29. wondering about his real purpose

30. attempts to escape being fined 31. resort to force

32. can’t have been cleaned 33. was wrongly accused/charged

34. for fear that he should be recognized 35. being sent abroad

36. neither will they 37. not so much a writer

38. Believe it or not 39. may just as well stay at home

40. stain the new carpet 41. didn’t do anything

42. play indispensable roles 43. Even so

44. are being developed 45. remembering all my life

46. lose contact with 47. second only to

48. such fine weather 49. have never resorted to

50. not to speak of/not to mention/let alone going abroad

51. delaying making 52. should adapt himself to

53. to hearing your story again

54. is now being turned

55. Could you take a blank sheet of paper?

历年大学英语四级翻译真试题及范文答案、、、、

历年大学英语四级翻译真试题及范文答案、、、、

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大学英语四级考试翻译题精选练习（39） 1.Thisisyet_________________(两国人民的又一个共同点). 2.Hisscientificworks_______________(在英语国家得到广泛阅读). 3.Revolutionmeanstheemancipationoftheproductiveforces，_____________(改革也是解放生产力). 4.Heisoptimistic________________(对现时信息产业的发展状况). 5.Workinallfieldsshouldbesubordinatedtoand________________(服务于经济发展的进程). 1.anothercommonpointbetweenthepeopleofourtwocountries 解析：本题考查通过增补介词使译文的意思更完整。虽然原文没有和between相对应的词，但是"共同点"是两国人民之间在某方面进行比较的结果，所以增补between之后，符合英语表达习惯。增词法也是汉译英中常用技巧之一，再如：她以教书为业。(Sheisateacherbyoccupation.)我已重新考虑了那件事。(I'vehadsecondthoughtonthatmatter.) 2.werewidelyreadinEnglish-speakingcountries 解析：若是按照字面翻译，这句话很可能被译为werewidelyreadinEnglishcountries。但是原文中"英语国家"的含义是"讲英语的国家"。这体现了英汉表达差异。请考生看下面这句话的英译：我卖掉了彩电。/IsoldoutmycolorTV.这句译文错误在于，没弄清"彩电"的含义。"彩电"有两层意思：一是指具体的实物，即彩色电视机colorTVset;二是指屏幕上出现的影像，即彩色电视colorTV。而句子中卖掉的只能是机器，具体的实物。 3.andsodoesreform 解析：本题意为：革命是解放生产力，改革也是解放生产力。考点有二：第一，考查词性转移。原文中"解放"用作动词，"生产力"作宾语。译文中处理成名词短语"对生产力的解放"。第二，考查省译法。我们不能把原文译成andreformalsomeanstheemancipationoftheproductiveforces，这种结构显得臃肿累赘。为避免重复，可以选用andsodoes...来代替这个动宾结构。 4.aboutthepresentdevelopmentofinformationindustry 解析："对......表示乐观"可以用句型beoptimisticaboutsth.。这句话不能译成aboutthestatusofthepresentdevelopmentofinformationindustry。"状况"是一个范畴词，没有实际含义，可省略不译。 5.servetheeconomicdevelopment 解析："服务于......"即"为......服务"，所以要用servesb./sth.的结构，不能译成beservedto。"进程"也是一个范畴词，可以省略不译。另外，besubordinatedto是一个固定结构，含义是"从属于......，隶属于......"。 声明：此资源由本人收集整理于网络，只用于交流学习，请勿用作它途。如有侵权，请联系，删除处理。

大学英语四级翻译练习及答案

大学英语四级翻译练习 1. The substance does not dissolve in water ________________________ (不管是否加热). 2. Not only ________________________ (他向我收费过高),but he didn't do a good repair job either. 3. Your losses in trade this year are nothing ________________________ (与我的相比). 4. On average, it is said, visitors spend only ________________________ (一半的钱),in a day in Leeds as in London. 5. By contrast, American mothers were more likely ________________________ (把孩子的成功归因于) natural talent. Part VI Translation (5 minutes) 87. Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble ________ (找到去历史博物馆的路). 88. ________ (为了挣钱供我上学)，Mother often takes on more work than is good for her. 89. The professor required that ________ (我们交研究报告)。 90. The more you explain, ________ (我愈糊涂). 91. Though a skilled worker, ________ (他被公司解雇了) last week because of the economic crisis. Part VI Translation (5 minutes) 87. Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to ________ (适应不同文化中的生活). 88. Since my childhood I have found that ________ (没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力). 89. The victim ________ (本来会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time. 90. Some psychologists claim that people ________ (出门在外时可能会感到孤独). 91. The nation's population continues to rise ________ (以每年1200万人的速度). 5 / 1 Part VI Translation (5 minutes) 87. The finding of this study failed to ________________________ (将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内). 88. The prevent and treatment of AIDS is ________________________ (我们可以合作的领域). 89. Because of the leg injury, the athlete ________________________ (决定退出比赛). 90. To make donations