第十六届外研社·亚马逊杯全国大学生英语辩论赛

第十六届“外研社·亚马逊杯”全国大学生英语辩论赛

比赛章程

2012年3月第一部分总体规则

1. 介绍

于1997年首次创办的“外研社杯”全国英语辩论比赛（下文称为“比赛”）是目前国内规模最大的英语辩论比赛。2012年第十六届“外研社·亚马逊杯”辩论赛由团中央学校部、全国学联办公室和北京外国语大学主办，外语教学与研究出版社和中国教育电视台承办，大赛独家冠名赞助单位亚马逊（中国）。

2. 比赛形式

比赛使用英国议会辩论制式（也称为世界大学辩论赛制式），具体形式在本章程第二部分中详尽说明。

3. 比赛报名条件

参赛选手必须是中国籍全日制大学的本科在校生，曾经在“CCTV杯”英语演讲比赛或往届“外研社杯”全国英语辩论赛中获得出国奖项的选手不能再报名参赛。

第二部分英国议会制辩论

1. 辩论队

每轮英国议会制辩论比赛中有4支辩论队同场，每队2人。支持辩题的队伍称为“正方”，驳斥辩题的队伍称为“反方”。正、反两方分别由两支队伍构成，并分别发表开篇陈述和总结陈词。每一支队伍都需要与另3队进行竞争，最后决出1至4名。

2. 选手发言顺序

每位选手都应按以下顺序进行发言：

3. 发言计时

每位辩手的发言的时间均为7分钟。辩手提出“质询”的时间应在第2到第6分钟之间。“质询”是指在对方发言时，针对发言者正在申述的论点提出的本方观点。

发言计时从辩手开始说话为始；所有必要内容（包括说明、介绍等）都在计时范围内。计时人员将在以下时间点向选手示意：

时间标示：

第一分钟末响铃一次（允许开始提出“质询”）

第六分钟末响铃一次（提出“质询”的时间结束）

第七分钟末7：00 连续响铃两次（发言时间结束）

超时15秒之后7：15 连续响铃（发言缓冲时间结束）

在连续两次响铃结束后辩手有15秒“缓冲”时间，在这段时间内允许选手总结已出具论点。“缓冲”时间内不允许出具新论据，在“缓冲”时间内提出的新论据可以被裁判判为无效。在“缓冲”时间后仍继续发言的辩手将被裁判团扣分。

4. 辩手角色分配

每个选手都有一个定位，每一个发言都有其特殊目的。下面列出的辩手角色描述具有借鉴作用，并非必须完全遵循。根据不同的辩论形式，辩手有时需要在完成本角色需要说明的部分之外，还要表述其它方面的观点，在正方支持辩题、反方驳斥辩题的基础上，发言结构仍需满足其它论证的需要。

除了辩论双方的第四辩手，其它所有辩手都需要提出自己的论点。除了“首相”，所有辩手都要反驳对方辩友的辩论。

5. 辩题

辩题将在辩论开始之前15分钟，在全部辩手参加的公开集会上公布，每轮的辩题都不相同。

辩题的内容集中在时事和长期无定论的问题上，辩题不会意义模糊或有多重含义。

6. 辩论的重点和内容

英国议会制辩论中，正方辩手应提供辩题为真的原因，同时反方辩手提供辩题为假或正方辩手提出的辩护无法论证辩题为真的原因。双方都有责任通过直接或间接的方式反驳对方辩手提出的辩论。

若辩题持中立态度，辩手——尤其是正方一队的辩手——应该尊重辩题的原意，并将辩论的中心集中在辩题的原意之上。正方一队诠释辩题的意义时，不应试图歪曲辩题原意。正方一队一辩有责任在开篇陈述中给具有特殊意义的词汇下定义。

在大多数实战中，正方一队对辩题的解释将会成为整场辩论的基础。如果开篇陈述没能明确阐释辩论的重点，或者完全误读了辩题，反方一队可以提出对辩题的重新定义。除了两方的一队一辩之外，其它辩手不能再次改变辩题中任何词汇的定义。

7. 准备

所有赛场的辩论都将在辩题公布后的15分钟时开始。辩手可以在这15分钟的准备时间内从纸媒资料中获取信息。预先准备的纸媒资料在辩论中可以使用。

在准备时间内辩手可以与本队辩友及一位来自辩手所在大学的老师进行讨论。辩手不能在准备时间内与其他任何人（包括其他队伍的教练、辩手，教导人员，裁判等）进行讨论。

正方一队有权在辩论场地讨论，其它所有辩论队必须分别在不同场所讨论。

辩手必须在辩论开始前5分钟进入辩论场地，未能在规定时间内到达场地的辩论队，是否被剥夺参赛权利，将视裁判长裁决而定。

8. 质询（POI）

选手可以在辩论的第一分钟末至第六分钟末期间的任意时间口头提问或起身要求质询，被提问的辩手可以接受或回绝质询。如果接受质询，提问辩手有15秒时间提出异议或提出问题。质询和回答时间记在被提问辩手的发言时间中。提问与回答双方辩手对质询的把握能力，将会被列入裁判裁定辩论队优劣及单个辩手评分范围内。而质询的次数以及优先度不计入评分范围。

第三部分比赛管理

1. 比赛结构

比赛被分为两个主要阶段：第一阶段“循环赛”和第二阶段“淘汰赛”。比赛包括1轮热身赛，6-7轮循环赛和4轮淘汰赛。所有参赛队都应参加循环赛赛，只有32强队能够进入淘汰赛。

2. 热身赛

热身赛是“外研社杯”辩论赛培训的一部分。热身赛的参赛队辩手分配是随机的，比赛结果不计入循环赛和淘汰赛比赛积分。

3. 循环赛参赛队辩手分配

如果参赛队总数无法被4整除，或者在比赛过程中有参赛队退出比赛使参赛队总数无法被4整除，比赛官员有权使用“替代队”填补空缺。替代队每轮的比赛成绩应按实际情况评价（如果一轮比赛中替代队是表现最好的辩论队，他们将会被评为最佳），但不能以此作为晋级评判标准。“替代队”来自非参赛院校。

第一轮的队伍分配将会随机进行。在除了第一轮以外的其它所有循环赛结束时，将按照总分由高至低的顺序对参赛队排名。依排名情况，参赛队将被分组，得分相同或相近的队分在一组，在本组内部，参赛队也由高到低排名。

如果任何组（例如“高分组”）的参赛队总数不能被4整除，那么就必须从排在其下的一组（“次高分组”）中随机挑选参赛队加入“高分组”，使“高分组”的队数成为4的倍数。如果“次高分组”因有参赛队被选入“高分组”而使得队伍总数不能被4整除，则按照以上规则调整，直到所有组的队数都是4的整数倍。

第1到第4轮预选赛采取公开裁判的方式，每轮辩论结束时，裁判团将在现场进行口头评判。第5、6轮采取不公开裁判方式，没有现场口头点评，不会公布结果。

4. 进入淘汰赛选拔

在所有的预选赛结束时，辩论队将会依以下条件排名：1）6轮比赛的队伍总分；2）队内选手总分，即两个辩手得分的总和；3）若两队排名一致则以两队相遇时的比赛结果为依据；如果这些仍没能打破所有平局情况，将从平局两队中随机抽取晋级队伍。选拔结束后前32位的辩论队有资格进入淘汰赛阶段。

5. 淘汰赛参赛队辩手分配

淘汰赛分为四轮：八分之一决赛，四分之一决赛，半决赛和总决赛。每轮淘汰赛参赛队的分配由“折派”方式决定，即：例如，八分之一决赛第一场的四个参赛队应为排名在第1、第16，第17，第32位的辩论队组成；第二场则应是排名在第2、第15、第18和第31位的辩论队组成。以此类推。

6. 淘汰赛辩论队晋级方式

在每轮淘汰赛结束之后（不包括最后一轮），裁判团将从参加辩论的四支队伍中选出两队晋级下面的比赛。获得最高排名的队伍保留参赛资格（也就是说：依据排名规则，八分之一决赛第一轮获胜的两支队伍将被排在第1和第16位，无论他们在该轮比赛前成绩如何。）

在决赛中，裁判团将选出一队冠军，其它所有进入决赛的小队都将被授以“决赛队”头衔。

7. 比赛观摩规则

预选赛中，观摩人员经过参赛队的允许可以在场地内观摩，需要录音、录像的人员需经过参赛辩手同意后方可入场。淘汰赛中，在遵守比赛规章和场地要求的前提下，所有人员都可以入场观摩。

8. 安排人员

安排人员是被指定的工作人员，职责在于按章程规定为辩论比赛策划时间表和分配辩手和辩论队。

第五部分裁判

1. 裁判人员组成

总体上，裁判长的职责在于监督比赛裁决的权威性和有效性。具体来说，裁判长会参与裁判员的培训、管理和审批裁判员考试，为裁判员排名，指导裁判员在裁判团中的就位，在比赛过程中指导小组裁判员的裁定，决定淘汰赛裁判员人选和决赛裁判长人选。

裁判长可以选择几名副裁判长协助其工作。

裁判团中可以有客座裁判，独立裁判和其它有资质的裁判参与。

每个随学校参赛的教师都必须担当裁判职位。

2. 裁判工作职责

比赛之前，裁判应被任职为本场的“评委主席”，“评委”和“实习评委”。每场比赛的裁判组成中至少应包含一位“评委主席”。理想状态下，一轮比赛的裁判团组成应包含一名“评委主席”和两名“评委”。

循环赛每轮有裁判奇数名，一般应为3名；淘汰赛每轮亦有裁判奇数名，一般应为5名。每个裁判团中有一位指定的评委主席。裁判团中可以有实习评委出席，也可以参与裁判讨论，但是他们的裁决不会被记录在案。

每轮比赛结束之后，辩手会被要求离开场地，此时所有裁判必须参与为辩论组和辩手评级评分的讨论。裁判团应努力获得一致评价，否则裁判结果以多数裁判支持结果论。（应该体现：①评分表是在所有裁判团成员口头讨论获得一致结论之后，由评委主席填写；②口头评论由评委主席负责，当主席为少数派时，口头评论由评委给出。）

3. 评委主席工作职责

评委主席有责任指导比赛进程（召集比赛人员，介绍发言者，维持赛场秩序等）。比赛之后，评委主席应辅助裁判团进行评审，提高其它裁判的参与度，加强信息传达。

评审结束后，主席应完成比赛管理层提供的匿名投票过程，明确表明投票结果忠于比赛中小队和辩手的真实成绩。在宣布裁判结果之前，投票结果应交返比赛工作人员。交接完毕后裁判长应召集辩手回到比赛场地，并宣布比赛裁决结果。

循环赛辩论队评分标准

每轮循环赛结束之后，为了评委的工作方便，辩论队应被评为由1至4，4个名次，不允许出现并列名次。

辩论队在比赛开始后5分钟之内未能赶到赛场，则自动被评为本轮第4名；如果裁判团一致认为辩论队或队中一位辩手在比赛中宗教，性别，种族，肤色，国别，性向或残疾歧视对方辩手，将被自动评为本轮第4名。在任何情况下，比赛都应尽力使所有辩论队能够获得名次。

评选辩论队名次的依据来源于小队的辩论内容和辩论方式。

辩论内容代表辩论队所辩论的实质和重要性。辩论内容包括异议和辩解、依据、案例、案例分析、事实、数据和其它任何能用来支持本方论点的材料。辩论内容包括正面辩护（或延伸）内容和反驳（专门用于应对对方提出观点的辩论）。

辩论内容应关联性强、逻辑严密并且衔接紧密。它应该与辩题紧密相联：正面辩护应该支持已提出的观点，而反驳则应该针对对方辩手提出的材料。论点的提出应该逻辑严密，以使之明确并且能够前后呼应，从而具有说服力。所有论点的总结应该支持本队辩手提出的。辩手应该保证他们所呈现的辩论内容无论是在一个发言内，还是队内亦或是本方两队之间，前后都是衔接紧密的，每个辩手都应该提供正面辩护（每轮比赛最后发言的两名辩手除外），并且每个辩手都应该提供反驳（每轮比赛最初发言的两名辩手除外）。如果认为有助于反驳对方辩手的延续内容，政府党鞭可以选择提供正面辩护。

辩论方式代表辩论的战略和辩论队的整体呈现。辩论方式包括论据选择，演讲结构，语音和形体表现，提问机会运用等元素。

辩论方式应该加强辩论队证明或反驳辩题的力度，并且应该具有说服力。要加强辩论方式的效力，辩论队应该随辩论进行中的各种变化合理安排内容和时间，用顺序井然、逻辑鲜明的方式呈现他们的辩论，通过直接或间接的方式针对对方辩手提出的论点。强制性方式即辩论队通过一定的语音语调和形体动作帮助呈现辩论材料。带强制性辩论队的表现应该具有一定程度的激情，能够以合适的语音语调和肢体动作辅助陈述论据，并且能够避免使它们影响自己的辩论有效地呈现。

以上对于辩论内容和辩论方式的阐释不尽完整。裁判团应该综合评价辩论队的所有优劣（包括、但不限于辩论内容和辩论方式），以求获得最正确和公平的判定。

参与“外研社杯”辩论赛的选手必须了解，他们将会面对来自多个院校的多种辩论风格，并且会经遇不同水准的对手。比赛不存在单纯“正确”或“错误”的辩论方式。

1. 辩手评分标准

决定辩论队排名之后，裁判团应该决定每位辩手的个人得分。辩手评分标准如下，75分代表比赛选手的平均水平。

每支辩论队两名辩手得分之和视为队伍得分。队伍分数应与队伍排名相称；不允许出现低分高名次。例如，如果第二名小队得分为170分，第一名得分则应为171分或以上。不允许出现相同的小组得分。

2. 裁判组内讨论

裁判组内讨论应对外封闭；讨论过程中只有裁判团人员允许留在比赛场地内。实习评委可以参与讨论但是他们的决定不被记录在案。

讨论和比赛过程中产生的所有笔记为本场裁判所有。讨论和比赛过程中裁判不必须做笔记。

裁判工作期间应本着合作和互相尊重的原则，裁判组内讨论时间不应超过15分钟。

3. 宣布裁判结果

裁判组内讨论和投票过程结束后，裁判长应向辩论队宣布裁判结果。内容包括小队排名，排名理由和评价、建议和改进方式。此时不应宣布队伍得分。

在时间允许的情况下，裁判团其他成员此时也可以参与裁判结果得宣布。结果宣布过程不应超过10分钟。

结果宣布之后辩手不允许骚扰裁判。

结果宣布之后辩手可以向相关裁判寻求对裁决结果的进一步明确。询问时态度必须礼貌，不能质问。

只有在热身赛和第1至4轮预选赛中有宣布裁判结果环节。

4. 淘汰赛裁判方式

在八分之一、四分之一和半决赛中，裁判团应从每轮比赛的参赛队中选择两队晋级下面的比赛；决赛中，裁判团应从参赛队中选择一支队伍获得冠军，其余辩论队则被冠以“决赛队”头衔。

半决赛和决赛裁判团的人员可以包含一部分客座裁判。如果启用客座裁判，则客座裁判应该熟悉比赛形式和比赛规程。在任何情况下，裁判团中的客座裁判人数不应超过评委主席级别的裁判人数。

投诉解决制度

1. 投诉委员会章程

投诉委员会通常由两名深谙BP辩论知识，并具有丰富实战经验的成员组成。总裁判长和大赛主席将被视为前投诉委员会官员。

投诉委员会负责陪审、调查和解决比赛选手和来自FLTRP主办方提出的投诉。

2. 投诉的定义

“外研社杯”全国英语辩论赛中，对参与者、辩手或裁判的违规行为提出的异议视为投诉。投诉内容集中在比赛管理和比赛过程中的失误。

裁判对辩论中涉及事件的态度不在可投诉范围内。除非裁决过程不完整，一般不收回裁决。

为确认投诉，投诉信必须投上交投诉委员会。在投诉之前投诉者可以与裁判长或大赛主席私下沟通。

3. 投诉处理

投递投诉表

投诉表应在引起异议后的第一时间投出。一般情况下，投诉委员会不受理针对已开始的比赛的前一轮比赛的投诉。

投诉信应包括以下内容：

a. 姓名，角色（辩手、教练、教师、裁判等）和投诉者所在院校。

b. 日期，时间，地点和引起异议比赛场次。

c. 引起异议比赛场次参与者和见证者。

d. 异议事件简要描述。

e. 异议事件所违反的规程。

f. 投诉者所期待的解决方案。

收到投诉信后，投诉委员可能会进一步跟投诉者询问情况。

如果投诉委员会认为投诉有深入调查的必要，投诉将会被推进到调查阶段。如果投诉委员会认为投诉没有调查必要，投诉将会被驳回。

投诉调查

投诉委员会有权询问任何他们认为对了解事件实情有帮助的人员。

对相关人员的询问应私下进行。

投诉委员会有权获得任何他们认为对了解事件实情有帮助的文件。

投诉的调查阶段应该尽可能短。

解决投诉

投诉委员会对决定如何解决投诉的方式上有最大限度的自由。

一般情况下，对投诉的解决办法应该防止此类投诉再次出现。

解决办法的书面通知应上交总裁判长和大赛主席，同时分发投诉审受双方各一份。

4. 最终解决办法：投诉委员会最后做出的解决投诉办法为最终解决办法，不可再次被投诉。

本章程部分借鉴以下资料：

世界大学辩论冠军联赛章程

世界大学辩论关进联赛规章

国际辩论教育联盟之四队辩论规程

CHARTER

OF THE “FLTRP CUP”

NATIONAL ENGLISH DEBATING COMPETITION

（British Parliamentary Style Debate）

1)General rules

a)Introduction

The “FLTRP CUP” National English Debating Competition (hereafter referred to as “the Competition”) inaugurated in 1997 is the most prestigious English

debating event in China.

b)Competition Format

The Competition shall be conducted in the British Parliamentary Debating Style (also known as the World Universities Debating Championships Style) as defined in Part 2.

c)Required qualifications for the competition

A debater must be a registered full-time undergraduate of Chinese nationality in a

Chinese territory educational institution. Those who have won overseas awards of the past CCTV CUP English Speaking Contest or past FLTRP CUP National

English Debating Competition are excluded from participating in the FLTRP Cup.

2)The British Parliamentary format

a)The Teams

Four teams of two debaters participate in each British Parliamentary debate round.

The teams supporting the motion are referred to as the "Proposition." The teams arguing against the motion are known as the "Opposition" teams. Two teams

represent the Proposition: the Opening Proposition and the Closing Proposition.

Two teams represent the Opposition: the Opening Opposition and the Closing

Opposition. Each of these teams competes against all other teams in the round and will be ranked 1st through 4th at the conclusion of the debate.

b)Speaker Order

Each speaker will present a single speech in the order prescribed below.

c)Speech timing

Each speech will be 7 minutes. Points of Information are allowed after the first minute and before the last minute of all speeches.

Timing of the speech begins when the speaker begins speaking; all materials—including acknowledgements, introductions, etc.—will be timed. A timekeeper will provide a series of signals during each speech as follows:

Once the double ring has sounded, speakers have a 15-second ‘grace period’, during which they should conclude their remarks. The grace period is not a time for new matter to be introduced, and any new matter offered in the grace period may be discounted by the adjudicators. Speakers continuin g after this ‘grace period’ may be penalized by the adjudication panel.

d)Speaker Roles

Each speaker has a role and each speech has a specific purpose. The descriptions of speaker roles listed below are suggestive and are not intended to be exhaustive or exclusive. For reasons that vary from debate to debate, speakers may sometimes need to fulfill roles not mentioned here and speeches may be constructed to serve other purposes as long as Proposition speakers affirm the motion and Opposition speakers oppose it.

All speakers, except the final speakers for the Proposition and Opposition (Proposition and Opposition Whips), should introduce new material. All debaters should refute the opposing teams’ arguments, except the Prime Minister.

e)The Motions

A single motion will be announced 15 minutes prior to the beginning of the debate and will be presented to all debaters simultaneously in a general assembly. A different motion will be used for each round.

Motions typically focus on current issues or timeless controversies and are phrased in a way that is intended to be specific and unambiguous.

f)Focus and content of debates

British Parliamentary debating is a contest of ideas in which the Proposition teams are responsible for providing reasons why the motion is true and the Opposition teams are responsible for providing reasons why the motion is not true or why the Proposition has failed to prove the motion true. All teams have a responsibility to refute, either directly or indirectly, arguments presented by the opposing side. Motions are written in plain language. The debaters—particularly the Opening Proposition team—should respect the meaning and focus of the motion. While the Opening Proposition team may clarify the meaning of terms in the motion, they should not attempt to alter the meaning of the motion. The Leader of the Proposition should provide any clarification of terms at the beginning of his or her speech.

In the majority of cases, the clarification provided by the Opening Proposition team will serve as an adequate foundation for the rest of the debate. Should the Opening Proposition fail to make clear the focus of the debate, or if the interpretation offered by the Opening Proposition team completely inhibits meaningful debate or completely misinterprets the meaning the motion, the Opening Opposition may offer clarification of the terms of the motion. No teams beyond the Opening Proposition and Opening Opposition may substantially modify the terms of the motion.

g)Preparation

All debates shall commence 30 minutes after the motion has been announced. Debaters may consult any written materials during the preparation time. Except for the designated CASIO electronic dictionary, no access to other electronic media or electronic storage or retrieval devices is permitted after motions have been released. Printed and prepared materials may be accessed during a debate. Debaters may confer with their debate partner during preparation time. Debaters may also confer with one tutor from their university during the preparation time. Debaters may not confer with any other individuals (i.e.: coaches, other debaters, trainers, adjudicators, etc.) during the preparation time.

The Opening Proposition shall have the right to prepare in the debating venue.

All other teams must prepare in separate locations.

Teams must arrive at their chamber immediately after the commencement of

debate. Teams failing to arrive in time will forfeit the debate, at the discretion of the Chair of the panel.

h)Points of Information

Debaters may request a point of information (either verbally or by rising) at any time after the first minute, and before the last minute, of any speech.

The debater holding the floor may accept or refuse any points of information

within this time. If accepted, the debater making the request has fifteen seconds to make a statement or ask a question. During the point of information, the speaking time of the floor debater continues. Management of Points of Information—for both the debaters offering and answering Points of Information—will be

considered in the adjudicators’ ranking of teams and assignment of in dividual speaker points.

No other parliamentary points such as points of order or points of personal

privilege are allowed.

3)Competition Administration

a)Structure of the competition

The Competition shall be run in two main phases: phase one, known as the

‘Preliminary’ rounds and phase two, known as the ‘Elimination’ rounds. There shall be one mock round, eight Preliminary rounds and four Elimination rounds.

All teams entered in the Competition shall participate in the Preliminary rounds.

Only the top 32 teams will participate in the Elimination rounds.

b)The Mock Round

The mock round will be held as part of the training for the FLTRP Cup. The

pairing of the mock round will be random and the results of the mock round will not count for the Preliminary or Elimination rounds.

c)Pairing the Preliminary Rounds

If the total number of teams entered in the Competition is not divisible by four, or during the Competition the withdrawal of teams results in a total number of teams not divisible by four, the tournam ent administrators shall employ “swing teams”

to fill vacant slots. The swing teams shall be ranked in each round relative to the teams against whom they compete (i.e.: if a swing team is the best team in a round they should be ranked 1st) but will be ineligible to advance to the Elimination

rounds.

The first round of the Competition will be paired randomly.

At the conclusion of each preliminary round (except for the last round) teams shall be ranked in order of their aggregate team points accumulated by the team; from highest aggregate to lowest.

The teams should then be divided up into pools of teams with the same amount of aggregate team points, with pools being ranked from highest aggregate to lowest. If any pool (the “Upper Pool”) consists of an a mount of teams equivalent to a number that is not divisible by four, then teams from the pool ranking immediately below that pool (the “Lower Pool”) may be promoted to the Upper Pool so that the Upper Pool consists of a number of teams that is divisible by four. The team selected for promotion must be selected randomly from the Lower Pool. If promotion of a team to the Upper Pool results in a number of teams in the Lower Pool not divisible by four, each consecutive pool should be adjusted in the same fashion until all pools have a number of teams divisible by four.

Once the pools have been adjusted, the pools are paired into debates of four teams in such a way that equalizes the team positions in which each team will debate. The pairing should promote, to the greatest extent possible, equality of distribution of team positions over the Preliminary rounds.

Preliminary rounds 1-6 shall be “open adjudication,” with oral adjudications given by the adjudication panel following each debate. Preliminary rounds 7 & 8 shall be “closed,” with no oral adjudication (including any disclosure of the results of the round) permitted.

d)Selection of teams for the Elimination Rounds

At the conclusion of the Preliminary rounds, the teams shall be ranked in order according to 1) their aggregate team points from the eight preliminary rounds; 2) their aggregate team scores, as determined by combining the individual speaker scores for each team member; 3) head-to-head matches between two teams tied for a rank; and 4) preponderance of first place rankings. If, after these tie-breakers are applied, a tie still exists, the rankings of the tied teams shall be determined by drawing lots. The top thirty-two (32) teams ranked by this method shall be selected to compete in the Elimination rounds.

e)Pairing of Elimination Rounds

There shall be four elimination rounds: Octofinals, Quarterfinals, Semifinals and Finals. Each Elimination round shall be paired by “folding” the bracket of the top 32 teams as determined by their aggregate team points. For example, the first Octofinal round would be comprised of the teams ranked 1st, 16th, 17th and 32nd. The second Quarterfinal round would be comprised of the teams ranked 2nd, 15th, 18th and 31st, and so on.

f)Advancement of teams through elimination rounds

At the conclusion of each Elimination round debate (with the exception of the Final round), the adjudication panel shall select two of the four teams to advance to the next Elimination round. Those teams assume the highest rankings available in their room (i.e.: for the purposes of ranking, the two teams to emerge from the

first Octofinal round will be ranked 1st and 16th, regardless of their ranking prior to the Octofinal round).

For the Final round, the adjudication panel shall select one Championship team, one Runner-up team, and two Second runner-up teams.

g)Access to debates

In preliminary rounds, observers may watch a debate round with the consent of the teams participating in the round. Similarly, those interested in photographing or recording video of the preliminary rounds must obtain the consent of the

debaters participating in the round.

Elimination rounds are open to all observers subject to the restrictions of the

tournament administration and the constraints of the debating venue.

h)Tabulation staff

A tabulation staff shall be appointed and shall be responsible for the pairing and

scheduling of the tournament according to the provisions spelled out in the

Charter.

4)Adjudication

a)The Adjudication staff

In general, the Chief Adjudicator is responsible for monitoring the quality and efficacy of adjudication at the competition. Specifically, the Chief Adjudicator will participate in the training of adjudicators, administer and mark the

adjudication test, rank adjudicators, oversee the placement of adjudicators into panels, oversee on-going evaluation of the adjudicators in the pool, identify the pool of Elimination Round adjudicators and Chair the Final Round.

The Chief Adjudicator may select a number of Deputy Chief Adjudicators to

assist with these responsibilities.

The adjudication pool may be comprised of guest adjudicators, independent

adjudicators, and others as deemed qualified by the Adjudication staff.

The tutor from each university must serve as an adjudicator for the competition.

b)The role of the adjudicators

Prior to the competition, adjudicators should be ranked as either “Chairs,”

“Panelists” or “Trainees.” Each debate should be adjudicated by at least one

“Chair” level adjudicator. Ideally, each debate will be adjudicated by a panel

comprised of one “Chair” and two “Panelist” level adjudicators.

Each Preliminary round will be judged by panel comprised of an odd number of adjudicators, typically 3. Each Elimination round will be judged by a panel of

adjudicators comprised of an odd number of adjudicators, typically 5. Each panel will have a designated Chair. Panels may include Trainee adjudicators who will participate in the deliberation of the debate but will not have their decision recorded.

Following each round, the debaters will be dismissed and the each adjudicator must confer upon and discuss the debate with the other adjudicators to determine the rankings of the teams and determine the individual speaker marks. The panel will attempt to reach consensus in their adjudication. Should the panel be unable to reach consensus, the will of the majority of adjudicators on the panel will prevail.

c)The role of the Chair

The Chair will be responsible for administering the round (calling the house to order, acknowledging the speakers, maintaining order, etc.). Following the debate, the Chair should facilitate the panel’s deliberation to promote participation and input from the other panelists.

Following the deliberation, the Chair should complete the ballot provided by the tournament administrators, noting particularly that the ballot accurately reflects the will of the panel with regard to team rankings and speaker scores. The ballot should be returned to the tournament staff prior to the oral adjudication. Once the ballot has been delivered, the Chair should invite the debaters back into the venue and provide an oral adjudication to the teams.

d)Ranking teams in Preliminary Rounds

Following each Preliminary round and as a result of the adjudicatio n panel’s consideration, teams should be ranked from 1st place to 4th place. Ties in rank are not permitted.

Teams automatically may receive 4th when they fail to arrive at the debate more than five minutes after the scheduled time for debate. Teams automatically may receive 4th place where the adjudicators unanimously agree that the team or one member of a team has harassed another debater on the basis of religion, sex, race, color, nationality, sexual orientation or disability. In any case, the debate should continue to provide all teams in the round the opportunity to earn a rank.

Teams should be ranked on the basis of their matter and manner.

Matter refers to the content and substance of a team’s arguments.Matter

includes arguments and reasoning, evidence, examples, case studies, facts,

statistics and any other material that a team uses to further the case. Matter includes both positive (or substantive) material and refutation (arguments

specifically aimed to counter the arguments of the opposing team(s)).

Matter should be relevant, logical and consistent. It should relate to the issues of the debate: positive material should support the case being presented and refutation should engage the material presented by the opposing team(s).

Arguments should be developed logically in order to be clear and well

reasoned and therefore plausible. The conclusion of all arguments should

support the member’s case. Members should ensure that the matter they

present is consistent within their speech, their team and the remainder of the members on their side of the debate. All members should present positive

matter (except the final two members in the debate) and all members should engage in refutation (except the first member in the debate). The Government Whip may choose to present positive matter if it is relevant to refuting the

Member of the Opposition’s extension.

Manner refers to the strategy and presentation of a team’s arguments. Manner includes elements such as argument choice, speech structure, vocal and

physical delivery, use of POIs, and so forth.

Manner should enhance the team’s effort to prove or disprove the motion and should be compelling. To enhance their effort, the team should appropriately prioritize and apportion time to the dynamic issues of the debate, present their arguments in an order that is clear and logical, engage the arguments of the opposing side through direct or indirect refutation. Compelling manner is that which presents the material in a way that demonstrates a concern for vocal and physical presentation. Compelling teams deliver arguments with appropriate levels of passion, present their material in a way that attends to appropriate vocal and physical delivery, and avoid behaviors that detract from the force and effectiveness of their arguments.

This description of matter and manner is necessarily incomplete. The adjudication panel should assess the totality of each team’s efforts (including, but not limited to, matter and manner) to achieve a just and fair decision. Participants in FLTRP CUP must be aware that they will experience many different debating styles from the different universities and experience levels represented therein. There is no single ‘correct’ or ‘right’ style to adopt in this competition.

e)Assigning speaker scores

After the adjudicators have agreed upon the ranking for each team, the panel should determine the speaker scores for each debater. Individual speaker scores should be assigned as follows, where a score of 75 would reflect an average effort at the tournament.

The aggregate of the two team members’ individual speaker scores will comprise their team’s team score. Each team must receive a team score appropriate to their rank in the debate; no “low point wins” may be assigned. For example, if the 2nd place team in the round is assigned an aggregate team score of 170 points, the 1st place team must receive at least 171 aggregate points. Ties in team scores are not permitted.

f)Deliberations

The deliberations of the adjudication panel shall be closed; only the members of the adjudication panel and the timer may remain in the r oom for the panel’s deliberation.

Trainee adjudicators may participate in the deliberation but shall not have their opinion recorded.

All notes made of the round or the deliberation are the sole property of the adjudicators. The adjudicators may not be compelled to make available their notes of the round or the deliberation.

Adjudicators should confer in a spirit of cooperation and mutual respect. The panel’s deliberations should not exceed 15 minutes.

g)Oral Adjudication

Following the adjudication panel’s deliberation and after the ballot has been returned to the tournament staff, the Chair should offer the teams an oral adjudication that reveals the teams’ rankings, the reason for the panel’s decision and comments and suggestions for improvement. Team points should not be revealed during an oral adjudication.

2018外研社杯全国英语写作大赛样题

2018“外研社杯”全国英语写作大赛样题 比赛考查题型说明： 1. 初赛和复赛：比赛题型为议论文写作1篇（500词左右）、说明文/应用文写作1篇（300-500词）， 写作时间共120分钟，满分100分。 2. 决赛：比赛题型为议论文写作1篇（800词左右）、记叙文写作1篇（600-800词），写作时间 共180分钟，满分100分。 注：本样题中，说明文和应用文以初/复赛赛题为例，议论文和记叙文以决赛赛题为例。样题仅供了解题型，不提供参考答案。 类型1 说明文写作（Expository Writing） 比赛内容：选手完成一篇说明文写作（300-500词）。侧重考查选手解说事物、阐明事理的能力，以及运用知识、观察理解、梳理分析、提炼总结、跨文化沟通的综合能力。 评分标准（总分50分）：

Sample task 1 Write a passage based on the chart below. The chart shows the hourly AQI (Air Quality Index) in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou on the same day. In your writing, you should summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant. You should write at least 300 words but no more than 500 words. (Suggested completion time: 60 minutes) Note: AQI 0-50 Good 51-100 Moderate 101-150 Lightly polluted 151-200 Moderately polluted 201-300 Heavily polluted >300 Severely polluted 类型2 应用文写作（Practical Writing） 比赛内容：选手完成一篇应用文写作（300-500词）。侧重考查选手使用得体的格式、内容和语言实现有效沟通、达到交际目的的能力。

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近几年外研社英文辩论赛主要辩题分类别整理作者： 医学类 require all healthy citizens to register their bone marrow data and donate marrow when needed. 所有健康公民应被强制登记骨髓数据并捐献。 House believes that animals should not be used as objects of sport and entertainment.动物不应被用作体育或娱乐活动的对象。 believes that doctor should never lie to their patients, even for their own good. 医生不应在任何时候对病人欺瞒病情。 grant those diagnosed with terminal illnesses the right to access treatments that have not completed clinical testing. 绝症患者应有权选择使用尚未完成临床测试检验的新药物或疗法。 house would ban all cosmetic surgeries. 美容整形应予以禁止。 ask smokers to pay for their own medical expenses. 吸烟者不应被提供医疗报销。 文化类

ban time-travel TV series in prime time. 应禁止在黄金时间播出穿越电视剧。 copyright of visual media belongs to the subject and not the photographer.影像制品的版权应归属被摄影人员而不是摄影单位。 have a Men’s day. 庆祝妇女节的同时也应设立男士节。 house would allow citizens to hide their health condition in job application.公民在求职时可隐瞒健康问题（如心脏病，肝炎，艾滋病等）。 house would ban beauty pageant. 选美比赛应被禁止。 ban war simulation games. 战争模拟游戏应当被立法禁止。 vegetarianism. “素食主义”应当被倡导。 教育类

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世界大学生英语辩论赛辩题库（部分） 摘自：人人网 作者：Jade WUDC Berlin 2013 Motions Round 1 THW create public housing for the poor in wealthy areas Round 2 THBT Japan should acquire nuclear weapons Round 3 THW only imprison individuals who pose a direct and continuing threat to society Round 4 THBT International development institutions (such as the World Bank) should not finance natural resource extraction projects in corrupt states Round 5 THBT self described progressive males of dominant ethnicities are morally obliged to refrain from taking positions of responsibility where there is a qualified alternative candidate from a historically disadvantaged group who would otherwise receive the post Round 6 THW legally permit soldiers to refuse to participate in military actions or missions on the basis of conscience Round 7 THBT European Union nations should forgive Greece?s sovereign debt

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“‘外研社杯’全国英语阅读大赛”样题 一、“‘外研社杯’全国英语阅读大赛”比赛内容包含四个环节： PartⅠRead and Know（读以明己） PartⅡRead and Reason（读以察世） PartⅢ Read and Question（读以启思） PartⅣ Read and Create（读以言志） 二、比赛样题仅为2015年阅读大赛赛题的内容和形式样例，并非完整试卷。 三、大赛的模拟赛、复赛和决赛都将包含样题的四个环节，但各环节的赛题内容和形式会根据不同阶段比赛有所变化。 四、大赛的初赛由参赛学校参考样题内容自行命题，组委会不做硬性规定。 五、“PartⅣ Read and Create（读以言志）”部分，组委会将在赛前公布大赛推荐阅读书单。 Part I Read and Know In this part, you will read some questions about your abilities or personalities. Read as fast as you can and choose the answer that you think best describes yourself. Are You Charismatic? Charisma is the magnetic power that attracts people to you. It won’t affect the quality of your work or provide you with wonderful original ideas, but it remains one of the most vital talents if you want to make it b ig in life. If people who don’t even understand what you’re talking about believe that you are a genius, you will have made it. The following test will decide whether you’ve got what it takes. 1) Do people find themselves attracted to you? A. Yes, it can be embarrassing sometimes. B. No, no more than other people. C. I suppose they do a bit.

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“外研社杯”全国大学生英语辩论赛比赛细则 一、报名方式 以团队为单位报名，每队由2名学生组成（即一个人扮演两个辩手的角色），填写详细准确的报名信息。内容包括： （1）队名（要求：积极向上，控制在10个字符之内，中英文不限），队名将作为该队在选拔赛对阵表中唯一标识； （2）2名辩手的姓名、所在院系及年级、手机号、常用邮箱； （注：赛前将由指导老师统一进行辩论指导） 二、参赛队伍构成： 每轮比赛由两支队伍构成，每队设两名辩手，正方一辩称为Leader of Proposition（正方领袖），二辩为Member of Proposition（正方成员）；反方一辩称为Leader of Opposition（反方领袖）, 二辩为Member of Opposition（反方成员）。 三、比赛规则： 为与省复赛及全国决赛接轨，本比赛采用目前国际流行的“议会式”辩论赛制（以下简称BP，即British Parliamentary Debating Format）。 比赛采用淘汰制，两个人组一队，参赛队伍通过抽签决定对手、辩论场地以及正方、反方。第一轮比赛结束，共有4支队伍晋级第二轮比赛。通过第二轮比赛选出2支队伍，最终产生PK选出一支队伍参加“外研社杯”全国大学生英语辩论赛福建省区复赛。（若参加比赛的队伍为单数，将通过抽签的方式选出一支队伍与第一轮比赛成绩最低的队伍PK，最终决定该队伍是否晋级第二轮复赛）四、辩论题目：This House Believes That Cooperation is better than Competition in promoting social advancement与竞争相比，合作更能使社会进步 五、比赛流程 （1）评分标准:每支辩论队两名辩手得分之和视为队伍得分,75分代表比赛选手的平均水平 （2）选手发言顺序: 每位选手都应按以下顺序进行发言：

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“外研社杯”全国英语辩论赛

英文学院学生刘洋在“外研社杯”全国英语辩论赛中荣获一等奖 日前，第十七届“外研社杯”全国大学生英语辩论赛全国总决赛在北京外研社国际会展中心圆满落幕。代表我校参赛的英文学院学生刘洋同学和旅游学院张泽城同学凭借丰富的知识储备和稳定的发挥，从全国104支总决赛队伍中脱颖而出，与清华大学、澳门大学、中山大学、四川大学、中国传媒大学、北京航空航天大学、中央民族大学代表队一同打进半决赛，成为8强中唯一一支外语院校代表队，并最终荣获大赛一等奖的优异成绩。 “外研社杯”全国英语辩论赛创始于1997年，每年举办一届，是目前国内规模最大、水平最高的英语口语辩论赛事。权威性、规模以及品牌影响力已被全国广大的英语教师及在校大学生所认可，在高校中享有盛誉。本次大赛由团中央学

校部、全国学联秘书处、北京外国语大学主办，外语教学与研究出版社及中国教育电视台承办，共青团中央学校部部长陈光浩、北京外国语大学校长韩震、北京外国语大学团委书记陈洪兵、教育部高教司文科教育处处长刘向虹、外交部翻译室主任张建敏、中国宋庆龄基金会副主席井顿泉、北京团市委大学中专部部长张秀峰、英国大使馆文化教育处北京办公室主任、英国大使馆一等秘书胡达伟、杜鲁门大学副校长兼教务长Joan Poor、外研社总编辑徐建中、外交部翻译室英文处随员、第十届外研社杯英辩赛冠军张京等嘉宾出席了本次全国总决赛，并为获奖选手颁奖。 英文学院院长期以来高度重视大学生专业能力的训练和拔尖创新人才培养，将各类学术竞赛打造成为培养学生专业能力和综合素质的重要平台，在英语辩论大赛、英语演讲大赛、模拟联合国大会、英语口译大赛、大学生英语竞赛等全国性竞赛中屡获佳绩。 （英文学院）

外研社杯全国英语阅读大赛样题

2015“‘外研社杯’全国英语阅读大赛”样题 一、2015 年“‘外研社杯’全国英语阅读大赛”比赛内容包含四个环节： Part I Read and Know（读以明己） Part II Read and Reason（读以察世） Part III Read and Question（读以启思） Part IV Read and Create（读以言志） 二、比赛样题仅为2015 年阅读大赛赛题的内容和形式样例，并非完整试卷。 三、大赛的模拟赛、复赛和决赛都将包含样题的四个环节，但各环节的赛题内容和形式会根据不同阶段有所变化。 四、大赛的初赛由参赛学校参考样题内容自行命题，组委会不做硬性规定。 五、“Part I Read and Know（读以明己）”部分不计成绩，根据参赛选手答题情况给予个性化反馈。 六、“Part VI Read and Create（读以言志）”部分，组委会将在赛前公布大赛推荐阅读书单。 比赛样题： Part I Read and Know In this part, you will read some questions about your abilities or personalities. Read as fast as you can and choose the answer that you think best describes yourself. Are You Charismatic? Charisma is the magnetic power that attracts people to you. It won’t affect the quality of your workor provide you with wonderful original ideas, but it remains one of the most vital talents if you want tomake it big in life. If people who don’t even understand what you’re talking about believe that you area genius, you will have made it. The following test will decide whether you’ve got what it takes. 1) Do people find themselves attracted to you? A. Yes, it can be embarrassing sometimes. B. No, no more than other people.