高一英语知识点学习

Unit1 Friendship语言点串讲

考点探究——互动探究·能力备考

Ⅰ.词汇短语过关

1．upset adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的，不适的；vt. 使不安；使心烦，打乱(upset; upset) be upset about 对……感到心烦

It upsets sb. that 让某人心烦的是……

It upsets sb. to do sth. 做……使某人不快

upset the plan 搅乱了计划

(1)I ______ ______ ______ the bad news.我对那则坏消息感到心烦意乱。

(2)It______ ____ that he had left without saying goodbye. 他的不辞而别让她心情沮丧。

(3)If the rain keeps falling, it will ______ the whole plan. 如果继续下雨，将会打乱我们整个计划。2．ignore vt. 不理睬；忽视；不顾(强调“装作不知道或没看到”)

ignorant adj. 无知的；愚昧的；不知道的

ignorance n. 无知；愚昧；不知道

ignore sb./sth. 不理睬某人/假装不知道或未见

be ignorant of/about sth.＝be in ignorance of sth.不知道某事

(1)She saw him coming but she ________him.她看见他走来，但没有理睬他。

(2)He is ______ ______ farm life.＝He is ___ _________ ______ farm life.他对农庄生活一无所知。3．concern vt. (使)担忧；涉及；关系到；n. 担心；关注；(利害)关系

concerning prep. 关于

concerned adj. 关心的；挂念的；有关的

show/express concern about/for 对……表示关心/担心

have concern with 和……有关系

with concern 关切地

concern oneself about/for 担忧/关心……

concern oneself with 从事，参与……

concern sb./sth. 与……有关

be concerned about/over/for 关心，挂念

be concerned with/in 牵扯进/参与……

all parties concerned 有关各方

as/so far as... be concerned 就……而言

(1)Don't concern yourself ______ other people's affairs. 别干涉他人的事。

(2)I always concern myself ______ my son's future.我总是担忧我儿子的将来。

(3)He doesn't bother about things that don't ______ him.他不关心那些与他无关的事。

(4)As far as ____________，the sooner, the better.就我而言，越快越好。

(5)________________ your letter, I'm pleased to inform you of what you are interested in.

关于你的信，我乐于奉告你所感兴趣的东西。

4．series n. 系列；连续

a series of一连串的；一系列的

a series of exams 一连串的考试

a TV series 一部电视连续剧

注意：(1)series 属于单复数同形的单词，类似的单词还有means, species, works(工厂)，deer, fish, sheep 等。(2)“a series of＋复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用单数，但“these/those series of＋复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用复数。

即学即练

(1)Then began ______ ______ ______ wet days that spoiled our vacation.

之后就是一连串的下雨天，把我们的假期弄得一团糟。

(2)There ______ a series of car accidents at the crossing this morning.今天早晨在十字路口发生了一

连串的交通事故。

5．settle vi. 安家；定居；停留；vt. 使定居；安排；解决

settle in/into (使)适应(新的家、工作、环境等)，习惯于；安顿下来

settle down 安居下来；定居，过安定生活，舒适地坐下或躺下

settle on/upon 同意，决定；在某处停留/栖息

settle down to n．/v.－ing

get down to n．/v.－ing开始认真做……，专心于……

settle one's affairs 安排/解决好自己的事情

settle a dispute/an argument 解决争端

(1)She ____________ the city after her father's death.父亲去世后她就在城市里定居了。

(2)They __________________ in a friendly way.他们友好地解决了他们的争端。

(3)Let's __________________ the work.我们开始工作。

6．suffer vt.& vi. 遭受；忍受；经历

suffering n. (身体、精神上的)痛苦，苦恼、苦难的经历

suffer pain/loss/defeat/punishment/hardship遭受痛苦/损失/失败/惩罚/艰难

suffer from 受……折磨，受……之苦；患……疾病

(1)They _____________ a great loss in the earthquake.在地震中他们蒙受了巨大损失。

(2)I'll _________ this rudeness no longer.我再也不能忍受这种粗鲁了。

(3)He's ____________ a bad cold.他正患重感冒。

(4)Wars caused ___________ to this country.战争给这个国家带来了苦难。

7．recover vi.&vt. 痊愈；恢复；重新获得

recovery n. 恢复，复原；复得

recover from sth. 从……中恢复到正常状态(如健康、神智等)

recover sth. from... 从……中找回、重新获得

recover oneself 清醒过来

recover one's health/senses 恢复健康/知觉

(1)Liu Xiang is still __________________ his operation. 手术后，刘翔仍在恢复之中。

(2)He seemed upset but quickly ___________________.他显得心烦意乱，但很快静下心来。

(3)He has ______ a slow ____________ the strain.他慢慢从紧张中恢复过来。

8．add up 合计

add sth. up 把……加起来

add up to 加起来共计/达

add...to... 把……加在/上……

add to 增加；增添

add that...补充说

(1)Can you ______ these figures ______？你能把这些数字加起来吗？

(2)All these figures _______________ 5 000.所有这些数字加起来共计5 000。

(3)He ______ some sugar ______ the coffee.他给咖啡里加了些糖。

(4)The bad weather ____________ our difficulty.坏天气增加了我们的困难。

(5)He ______ that he was satisfied with the talk.他补充说他对会谈很满意。

9．go through ＝experience 经历，经受

＝examine carefully 仔细检查

＝look through 浏览，翻阅

＝pass (through) 通过，经过

＝be used up 用完

写出下列各句中go through 的意思。

(1)We went through hardships while working on this project.

(2)The teacher has gone through all the papers of the students.

(3)He has the habit of going through morning papers after getting up.

(4)It took us three days to go through the forest.

(5)I've gone through my ink.

拓展

break through 冲破

get through 完成，通过

live through 活过……

look through 浏览

cut through 穿过

put through 接通电话

10．set down(1)＝write down 写下，记下

(2)＝put down 放下，搁下

(3)＝stop and allow sb. to get off 让某人下车

(4)＝explain or describe to oneself as 解释为，认为

(与as 连用)

(1)Why don't you ______ your ideas ______ on paper? 为什么你不把你的想法写在纸上呢？

(2)______ that heavy bag ______ to have a rest.把那沉重的袋子放下，休息一会儿。

(3)Please ______ me ______ at the next corner.请在下一个拐角处让我下车。

(4)I ______ the man ______ as a salesman.我认为那个人是位售货员。

拓展：

set about doing sth.开始干某事(＝set out to do sth.)

set off开始；出发(＝set out)；引爆

set out出发；开始(后接to do)；陈列；阐述

set up建立，创设，开办

set back把(钟表指针)往回拨

set aside留出；不顾；取消

set free释放；解放

set sb. a good example为……树立好榜样

11．in order to 为了……

(1)in order to 引导的目的状语，可置于句首或句末，可换成to (do sth.)。so as to 引导的目的状

语，其位置一般在句末。

(2)否定结构：in order not to do 和so as not to do。

(3)前后两部分主语一致时，才能用in order to 或so as to 来引导，否则，改用so that 或in order

that 来引导。

即学即练：翻译句子

(1)为了看清楚，我戴上了眼镜。________________________________________

(2)为了不丢掉工作，她向老板说了谎。___________________________________

12．get along/on with与……相处get along/on well/nicely with....进展(谈及或问及工作情况)

(1)How is the work ____________？工作进展如何？

(2)How are you __________________ your studies?你功课学得怎样？

(3)Selfish men are hard to __________________.自私的人很难相处。

Ⅱ.重点句型详解

1.While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.

你在遛狗的时候不小心让狗松脱了，接着它被一辆小车撞着了。

While walking the dog＝While you were walking the dog，这是状语从句的省略。

在when, while, if, as if, though, as, where, unless等连词(词组)引导的状语从句中，如果谓语动词有be，而主语又跟主句的主语相同或为it时，则从句的主语和be常常省略。

①When (I was) in Japan, I took many beautiful pictures.在日本时，我拍了许多漂亮的照片。

②While (I was) waiting, I read newspapers.我边等待，边看报纸。

③If (it were) not for you, we would not go there.要不是为你，我们就不会去那儿了。

④He looks as if (he were) drunk.他看上去像喝醉了。

⑤She went on working though (she was) exhausted.尽管她精疲力竭，但仍继续工作。

⑥Fill in the blanks with the given words; change the form where (it is) necessary.用所给词填空，必要

的地方改变形式。

⑦I won't go unless (I'm) invited.除非被邀请，否则我不会去。

When first ______ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.

A．introducing B．introduced

C．introduce D．being introduced 2．...tell him/her that he/she should have studied... ……告诉他/她本该学习……

should have done结构表示过去应该做某事而事实上没有做；而shouldn't have done则表示过去本不该做某事而实际上却做了，两者皆含有“责备”的口吻。

①Y ou should have finished your homework yesterday.你昨天就该做完作业。

②Y ou shouldn't have told him about it.你本来不应该告诉他这件事情。

拓展：其他“情态动词＋have＋done”结构：

(1)must have done对过去发生的事情的肯定推测。“一定……”。

(2)can't/couldn't have done对过去发生的事情的否定推测。“不可能……”。

(3)needn't have done过去没有必要做却做了。“本来没必要做……”。

(4)ought (not) to have done＝should (not) have done

(5)might/may have done过去可能做了某事(可能性小)。“可能做了……”。

(6)could have done过去本可能做而未做。“本来能做……”。

(7)would have done愿意做某事却不能做。“本来想要做……”。

Oh, I'm not feeling well in the stomach. I ______ so much fried chicken just now.

A．shouldn't eat B．mustn't have eaten C．shouldn't have eaten D．mustn't eat

3．...it was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face...……

这是我一年半以来第一次观察夜晚……

It is/was the first time(that)．..这是一个固定句式，it可换成this或that; first可换成second, third 等，以表达不同的意义。

①This is the fourth time she's rung you in a week.这是她一周内第四次给你打电话。

②It was the second time that he had been out with her alone.这是他第二次单独跟她外出。

③It will be the second time that I have got the prize.那将是我第二次获得该奖。

提示：

(1)It is the first time that...后接现在完成时；It was the first time that...后接过去完成时；It will be the

first time that...后接现在完成时。

(2)the first time可起从属连词作用，引导时间状语从句。

The first time I saw her, my heart stopped.我第一次见到她时，心脏都停止了跳动。

(3)for the first time意为“第一次”，单独用做状语。

He was cheated for the first time.他第一次被骗了。

—Have you ever been here before?

—No. This is the first time that I ______ to the Great Wall.

A．comes B．have been

C．came D．had come

4．Mother asked her if/whether she was very hot with so many clothes on.

妈妈问她穿这么多衣服是不是很热。

“with＋n.＋形容词/副词/介词短语/分词/动词不定式”这种结构在句中经常做状语，表示原因、方式或伴随状态。如果分词的动作与前面的名词是主动关系，用现在分词；如果是被动关系，则用过去分词；如果表示一个未来的动作就用不定式。

①He lay on his back, with his eyes looking up into the sky. 他躺着，眼瞅着天空。

②With his homework done, he went out to play.完成作业，他就出去玩了。

③With the guide to lead us, we'll have no difficulty finding his house.

有导游带路，我们将不费力地找到他家。

④He came in, with a book in his hand.他手里拿着一本书走了进来。

⑤He is used to sleeping with the windows open.他已经习惯了开着窗户睡觉。

⑥He often sleeps with the light on.他经常开着灯睡觉。

______ five minutes ______ before the last bus left, we arrived at the station.

A．There were; go B．With; to go

C．It was; left D．It had; left

易错点拨——自我完善·误区备考

1. calm/quiet/still/silent

这几个词都与“静”有关，但它们所描述的物体、场合是不同的。

(1)calm常指“天气平静，无风；海无浪；镇定，无忧虑；镇定自若”，强调外表的平静。

(2)quiet表示“静止的；宁静的；不激动，没有烦恼、忧虑的”，强调没有干扰，没有兴奋活动或

闹声的“宁静”或“心神安逸”。

(3)still表示“静止不动的/地”“平静的/地”，突出不发出动作。

(4)silent表示“声音极小的，沉默的，寡言的”。

即学即练

(1)Ask the children to make less noise and keep ______.

(2)Although she was frightened, she answered in a ______ voice.

(3)John is a ______，thoughtful boy.

(4)Please stand ______ while I am ready to take the photograph.

2. power/right/strength/force/energy

(1)power主要指做事所依靠的能力、功能，也可指人或机器等事物潜在的或发挥出来的力量，还

可指职权、权力或政权。

(2)right指“权利”。

(3)strength指固有的潜力。说人时，指“力气”，说物时，指“强度”。

(4)force主要指自然界的力量；暴力、势力以及法律、道德或感情的力量；军事力量等。

(5)energy主要指人的精力或自然界中的能量。

即学即练

(1)Y ou’ll need to apply all your ______ to this job.

(2)Y ou have no ______ to treat me like this.

(3)Congress has ______ to declare war.

(4)The ______ of the explosion broke all the windows.

(5)A washing machine is a saver of time and ________.

3. join in/take part in/attend/join

(1)join in指参加正在进行着的活动，如游戏、讨论、辩论、谈话等。也可用join sb. in doing sth.。

(2)take part in指参加会议或群众性活动，并在其中发挥一定的作用。part 前若有修饰语，要加不

定冠词。

(3)attend正式用语，指参加会议、仪式、婚礼、上课、上学、听报告等，重在强调“参与”的动作，

不强调参加者的作用。

(4)join指参加某组织或团体，并成为其一员。其宾语往往是the army/Party/team/club/sb.。

即学即练

(1)Would you ______ us ______ the game?（加入）

(2)All the students ______________________ school activities.（积极参加）

(3)There are many people __________ the meeting.（参加）

(4)My brother ______ the army last year.（参军）

4．连词＋doing/done

(1)Though ______ money, his parents managed to send him to university.

A．lacked B．lacking of C．lacking D．lacked in

(2)While ______ the book on the top shelf, you need to be very careful.

A．to reach B．reaching C．reach D．are reaching

(3)Generally speaking, ______ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.

A．when taking B．when taken

C．when to take D．when to be taken

(4)The research is so designed that once ______ nothing can be done to change it.

A．begins B．having begun

C．beginning D．begun