八年级下册英语语法总结

八年级下册英语语法总

结

Company Document number：WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998

八年级下册英语语法总结

Unit6 Fun Cycling

Topic1 We’re going on a spring field trip

一. 重点词汇

( 一 ) 词形转换: (名词) discussion (对应词) king (名词) comfort (形容词) safe (名词) safety

( 二 ) 词的辨析

1. find out / look for / find

2. cost / pay for / spend on

3. other /else

4. raise /rise

/every / excited

(三)重点词组:

on a visit to 去……旅行 2. make the decision 做决定 back 带回

on a field trip 去野外旅行 on (upon) sth 对某事做出决定

6 see the sunrise 看日出 7. make a reservation 预订 8. come up with 想出（主意）

9. look forward to (doing) sth 期望 10. pay for 支付；赔偿 11. raise money 筹钱

12. book a ticket 订票 13. make a room for sb 为……订房间

14. have a wonderful time 玩得愉快 15. in the daytime 在白天

16. a two-day visit 为期两天的旅行 out 查出 18. some places of interest 名胜

19. rooms with bathtub 带浴室的房间 20．a hard (soft) sleeper 硬（软）卧

pleasure 不客气

二．重点句型及重点语言点

1. I have some exciting news to tell you. 我有一些激动人心的消息要告诉你们。

to tell you 是动词不定式短语，作定语。动词不定式作定语时常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。如： I have nothing to talk about. He has a lot of work to do.

2. Sounds great!= It sounds great! 听起来不错。

3. We will go on a two-day visit to Mount Tai. 我们将要去泰山玩两天。

go on a visit to 去参观/旅游 They went to a visit to Egypt last year.

类似有：go on a trip / go on a picnic

a two-day visit 为期两天的旅行 a two-month holiday 两个月的假期

an eighteen-year-old boy 一个18岁的男孩

4．It’s hard to say. 这很难说。To say 是动词不定式作主语，It 是形式主语。

如：It’s nice to meet you.

5. I’ll ask the a irline on the phone. 我将打电话问问航空公司。同义句是：

I’ll phone and ask the airline.

6. Bring back your information to class tomorrow and we’ll decide on the best way to go on our field tri p. 明天把你们查到的信息带到班上来，然后我们来决定最好的郊游方式。

bring back 带回。Please bring back your library books tomorrow.

decide on/upon sth 决定，选定We’re trying to decide on a school.

’s too far for cycling. 骑自行车去路太远了。同义句是：It’ too far to cycle there.

long does it take to reach Mount Tai by…乘……去泰山要花多长时间

9．How much does it cost to go there 去那里要花多少钱

How much does a standard room cost 一个标准间的价格是多少

have tickets at 120 yuan for the hard sleeper and 180 yuan for the soft sleeper.

我们的票价是硬卧120元，软卧是180元。

at 意为“以……”，一般用于表示价格，年龄，速度等词的前面，for 意为“供，适合于”。I’ve got tickets at 80 yuan for The Sound of Music.

’d like t o book 20 tickets for the hard sleeper. 我要预订20张硬卧票。

20 tickets for the hard sleeper= 20 hard sleeper tickets

book tickets 预订票 book a room for sb/sth 为……预订房间

. We want to book some rooms for 14th. 我们想预订一些14号的房间。

12．Please pay for the tickets before 5:30 . 请在下午5：30之前付款。

Pay for 支付 pay for sb to do sth 付钱给某人做某事

. Her parents paid for her to go to America.她的父母支付她去美国的费用.

13. I want to make a hotel reservation. 我想预订房间。

make a reservation 预订

14. We have rooms with a bathtub… 我们有带浴缸……的房间。

with 有或带着 a house with a swimming pool

a standard room with two single beds

’s very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools. 在加拿大和美国的学校里筹钱是很正常的。raise money 筹钱 We can raise the money ourselves.

costs each student one dollar to buy a ticket for the draw.每一个学生花一美元便可买到一张抽奖的票。

(1)each 作主语，谓语用单数 Each of the students spends one dollar buying a ticket.. （2）用于单数名词前，作定语，谓语用单数。Each student has their own e-mail address.

(3)用于复数主语后，作主语同位语，谓语用复数。They each have their own e-mail address. 17. I am looking forward to hearing from you . 我盼望收到你的来信。

Look forward to 盼望，期待 They are looking forward to solving the problem.

三.重点语法

动词不定式

（1）动词不定式常跟这些及物动词之后，want ,refuse, forget, need , try, learn , like, agree, help, h ope ,decide, begin等。可用顺口溜（要想拒绝忘记，需要努力学习，喜欢同意帮助，希望决定开始）

（2）不定式的否定形式是在to的前面直接加not. My mother decided not to buy a computer for m e.

（3）不定式可以和疑问词who , which ,when, where ,how, what等连用。 Can you tell me what to say at the meeting I don’t know how to get to the station.

（4）本topic出现的句子有：

I have some exciting news to tell you.

I want to make a hotel reservation.

It is very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools.

The best way to raise money is to sell newspapers.

I think the most exciting way is to sell flowers in the evening.

Kangkang helped us to book the train tickets.

Topic2 How about exploring the Ming Tombs

一、重点词汇：

（一）词形转换：

(名词) explore 2. east (形容词) eastern (形容词) northern

4. push (反义词) pull (形容词) sad (名词) sadness 6. crowd (形容词) crowded

（二）重点词组:

a plan 拟定计划 2. make sure 确信，确保 3. come along with 和……一起来

4. at the foot of 在……的脚下

5. be surprised at 对……感到惊奇

6. be satisfied with 对……感到满意

7. out of sight 看不见

8. step on one’s toes 踩着某人的脚9. can’t help doing sth 忍不住做某事

10. spread over 分布于 out 冲出去one’s head 抬头

sb for help 向某人求助 goodness 谢天谢地

二．重点句型及重点语言点

1. While you were enjoying your trip, I was busy preparing for my exams.当你在旅行时，我正忙于准备考试。

(1)be busy doing sth,/ be busy with sth 忙于做某事

I’m busy preparing for my birthday part y these days.

(2)while 当……时候，引导时间状语从句。当一个动作在正在进行时，另一个动作也同时进行。While my mother was cooking , I was watching TV.

you help me plan a trip 请你帮我定个旅行计划好吗

Would you 比will you 语气更加客气，委婉, 类似还有could you

Could you come along with us

3. They surveyed the area to make sure their tombs faced south and had mountains at the back. 他们仔细勘测了整个区域，确保这些陵墓是坐北朝南，而且在背后有群山环绕。

make sure 确信，确保 Make sure all the windows are closed before you leave.

’s about two and a half hours by bike. 骑自行车大约要2个半小时。

Two and a half hours = two hours and a half

’s to the east of Yongling. 它在永陵的东面。

to the +方位词+of (表示互不接壤) Japan is to the east of China.

on the +方位词+of (表示相互接壤)Fujian is on the south of Zhejang .

in the +方位词+of 表示在某一范围内的地区 Beijing is in the north of China.

walked into Dingling and were surprised at the wonders. 他们走进定陵，对那里的奇观感到很惊奇。

be surprised at 对……感到很惊奇 He is surprised at dragons.

be surprised to do sth 惊奇地做某事 She was surprised to find she was lost.

7.…so they had to look for space to park their bikes 他们不得不寻找停自行车的地方

space 空间 Can you make space for this old man

8. While the crowd was pushing him in different directions, someone stepped on his toes.

当人群从四面八方挤来时，有人踩了他的脚。

in one’s direction 朝着某人的方向step on one’s toes踩了某人的脚

step on sth 踩某物Don’t step on the flowers and gra ss.

he finally rushed out of the crowd, he noticed his friends were both out of sight.

当他最后冲出人群时，他注意到他的两个朋友都不见了。

notice sb do sth 注意某人做了某事 notice sb doing sth注意某人正在做某事

10. As soon as the three boys saw each other, they all jumped up happily.

三个男孩一见面，就高兴得跳了起来。

as soon as 引导时间状语从句意为“一……就”

He left as soon as he heard the news.

I’ll tell him as soon as I see him.

didn’t raise his head until someone called his name. 直到有人喊他的名字，他才抬起头。not …unti l 直到……才

were so lovely that we couldn’t help playing with them.

它们太可爱了，我们禁不住和它们一起玩。

can’t help doing sth 忍不住做某事When I heard the funny news, I couldn’t help laughing.

13. I am satisfied with everything in China. 我对在中国的一切感到满意。]

be satisfied with 对……感到满意 He is satisfied with my work.

14.. We even asked the guard for help. 我们甚至向保安寻求帮助。

ask sb for help 向某人求助 The lost boy asked the police for help.

三.重点语法时间状语从句

1。引导词：

（1） when, while , as 当……时候. when 后可跟短暂性动词也可跟延续性动词；while 后跟延续性动词；as 多用于口语，强调同一时间，或一前一后。

The students were talking in the classroom when the teacher came in.

= While the students were talking in the classroom , the teacher came in. 学生在教室里谈话时，老师进来了。

Mother always sings as she cooks dinner for us. 妈妈总是边给我们做饭边唱歌。

（2）not … until 直到……才，主句谓语动词常用短暂性动词。

I won’t leave here until the rain stops.

He didn’t sleep until his mother came back home.

(3) after 在……之后，before 在……之前，as soon as 一……就

I went to sleep after I finished my homework..= I finished my homework before I went to sleep.

As soon as the bell rings , the students will go into the classroom.

2. 时态

（1）当主句为一般过去时时，从句常用过去的某种时态。

While I was doing my homework , the telephone rang.

(2)当主句的时态为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。

I will call you as soon as I get to Beijing.

本topic出现的句子有：

you were enjoying your trip, I was busy preparing for my exams.

didn’t raise his head until someone called his name.

the crowd was pushing him in different directions, someone stepped on his toes.

.4. As soon as the three boys saw each other, they all jumped up happily.

they rode their bikes for two and a half hours, Kangkanf , Michael and Darren arrived at the Ming Tom bs.

they were exploring happily, the crowd became larger and larger.

Topic3 Bicycles are popular with people

一、重点词汇：

（一）词形转换：

1. death (动词) die (形容词 )dead 2 slow (副词) slowly

（动词）cross 介词） across 4. success（动词）succeed (形容词successful

5．Pain (形容词) painful 6. lead (名词) leader

(副词) finally 8impossible (反义词) possible 9 courage （动词） encourage

（二）重点词组:

1．Slow down 减速 2. run into 撞到 3. avoid doing sth 避免防止做某事

4. warn sb to do sth 警告/提醒某人做某事

5. ride into 进入跻身于

6 get used to (doing) 习惯于做某事 7. a sharp turn 急转弯

8. be popular with 受……的欢迎 9. get a fine 处以罚金

10. go on doing sth 继续做某事 11. the way to success 成功之路

12. obey the traffic rules 遵守交通规则 the traffic rules 违反交通规则

14. be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事 famous for 因……闻名

16. be in danger 处于危险中 a while 一会儿

二．重点句型及重点语言点

1．I think traffic in Beijing is crazy. 我认为北京的交通很拥堵。

traffic 是不可数名词

2. If people obey the traffic rules , there will be fewer accidents. 如果人们都遵守交通规则，交通事故将会减少。

If we break the traffic rules, it will be dangerous and we will get a fine.如果人们违反交通规则，将很危险，我们会受到处罚的。

这是if 引导条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。

3．I feel a little more confident. 我感到自信多了。

more confident 是比较级

4. It can help us save energy and avoid pollution. 这样可以节约能源以及避免空气污染。 avoid sth / doing sth 避免做某事

You should avoid making the mistake like that.

He ran into the wall to avoid hitting the truck.

are popular with people. 自行车深受人们欢迎。

Be popular with 受……欢迎

6 It warns us to be more careful. Warn sb (not)to do sth 警告/提醒某人做某事

He warned her to keep silence. Warn sb about sth 提醒某人某事

people think bicycles are much safer than any other vehicle.大部分人认为自行车比其他交通工具要安全些。

8．.However, his way to success didn’t go well. 然而，他的成功之路并非一帆风顺。

The way to success 成功之路 success in doing sth 在……成功

I didn’t have much success in finding a job. 我找工作没什么结果。

9．Like the other challenges in his life, Lance faced it head-on. 像面对生命中其他挑战一样，兰斯迎头面对。

10．It seems impossible to beat him. 打败他似乎是不可能的。

beat sb 打败某人 win a game /match/ a gold medal

It seems +adj+to do sth 做某事似乎……

She always seems to be sad.

三.重点语法条件状语从句

1.条件状语从句由if（如果），unless(除非)等引导的，谓语动词常用一般现在时表示将来，主句用一般将来时。

主句 if从句

Will (must, should, may) 一般现在时

如：I won’t go if he doesn’t go .

We will pass the exam if we study hard.

We won’t pass the exam unless we study hard..

2. 祈使句+and/or 引导的结果句，祈使句在意义上相当于条件状语从句。

如：Hurry up, or you’ll be late.= If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.=You’ll be late unless you hurry up.

Study hard, and you will pass the exam.= If you study hard, you will pass the exam.

初一下册英语语法总结

初一下册英语语法总结 初一下册英语语法总结 7.if+一般现在时.剩下部分一般将来时(will)8.When someone is in trouble we mustn't laugh at him.9.It's the +n beginning of a new term.三种时态:一般过去时态Be动词过去式的句式。否定句是在was/were后面加not, was not=wasn’t/were not=weren’t。一般疑问句是把was/were提前并放到句首，要求首字母要大写。实义动词过去式的句式： 肯定式： 主语+动词故去式+其它。如，They had a good time yesterday.否定式： 主语+did not+动词原形+其他。如，They didn’t have a good time yesterday.一般疑问句： Did+主语+动词原形+其它?肯定回答： Yes,主语+did. 否定回答： No,主语+didn’t.如，Did they have a meeting two days ago? Yes, they did. No, they didn’t.特殊疑问句： 特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他?如，What time did you finish your homework?一般现在时态当主语是第三人称单数时，肯定句为： 主语+动词的s形式+宾语否定句为： 主语+助动词doesn't+动词原形+宾语疑问句为：

Does+主语+动词原形+宾语肯定回答和否定回答也要使用助动词does.注： 第三人称单数用了 does 后面就不用动词的s形式了,而用动词原形.动词的一般现在时态, 除了第三人称单数(he she it) 外,其余都 用动词原形。当主语是其他人称时，肯定句为： 主语+动词原形+宾语否定句为： 主语+助动词don't+动词原形+宾语疑问句为： Do+主语+动词原形+宾语肯定回答和否定回答也要使用助动词do.注： 变为疑问句,要在句首加"do" ; 变为否定句, 要在动词前面加"do not", 可以简写为 "don't".知识点： 1.现在进行时的主要结构用来表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行的动作和用来表示当前的活动或现极端一直在进行着的动作。在其句子中 一般都会有两个词与时态有关： 1)表示时间的状语2)动词的相应变化。如，I’m reading a book now.在这个句子中，时间状语now,决定了时态为现在进行时，而动词am reading也体现了现在进行时。肯定句： 主语+be+v.ing+…否定句： 主语+be+v.ing+…疑问句： Be+主语+ving?特殊疑问句+be+主语+ving?2.ving形式的构成1)直接在动词原形末尾加-ing,如play-playing2)以不发音字母e结尾的动词，去e再加-ing,如have-having3)以重读闭音节结尾的单词，结尾只有一个辅音字母，应双写这个字母，再加-ing。如，begin-beginning。

初二英语语法学习归纳

初二英语语法大全 一. 知识点： 一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。 be going to do （动词原形）结构：表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如：It is going to rain. will do 结构表示将来的用法： 1. 表示预见 Do you think it will rain? You will feel better after a good rest. 2. 表示意图 I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow. What will she do tomorrow? 基本构成如下： 一般疑问句构成： （1）will+主语+do…? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday? （2）there be 结构的一般疑问句：Will there + be …? Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won?t 否定句构成：will + not （won’t）+do Sarah won?t come to visit me next Sunday. 特殊疑问句构成： 特殊疑问词＋will＋主语＋…？What will Sarah do next Sunday? 根据例句，用will改写下列各句 例：I don’t feel well today. （be better tomorrow） I?ll be better tomorrow. 1. Gina has six classes today. （have a lot of homework tonight） _____________________________ 2. I’m tired now. （sleep later） _____________________________ 3. My parents need a new car. （buy one soon） _____________________________ 4. We can’t leave right now. （leave a little later） _____________________________ 5. The weather is awful today. （be better tomorrow） _____________________________ 答案：1. She’ll have a lot of homework tonight. 2. I?ll sleep later. 3. They?ll buy one soon. 4. We?ll leave a little later. 5. Maybe it?ll be better tomorrow. （二）should的用法： should用来提出建议和忠告，后边加动词原形，否定句直接在should后边加not. 例如：I think you should eat less junk food. 我认为你应该少吃垃圾食品。 She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot.

八年级下册英语语法知识点

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busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest （5）其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加most。 beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful different→more different→most different easily→more easily→most easily （6）有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。 good→better→best well→better→best bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst old→older/elder→oldest/eldest many/much→more→most little→less→least far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest

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八年级外研版--语法知识部分 时态部分 现在进行时：现在进行时的基本用法： 1.表示说话时正在进行的动作常和now 连用，有时用一个look、listen ,来表now 这一时 间概念。Look! A train is coming .看，火车来了 Listen! He is playing the piano.听，他在弹琴。 2.表示现阶段正在进行的动作但不一定是说话时正在进行。常和at present ,this week ,these days…等时间状语连用。 What lesson are you studying this week?你们本周学哪一课了？（说话时并不在学） 3.现在进行时有时可用来表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作.即是说可以用来代 替将来时，但此时，一般要与表示将来时的时间状语连用，而且仅限于少量动词。如：go, come, leave, start, arrive, return . sleep Are you going to Tianjin tomorrow? 你明天去天津吗? How many of you are coming to the party next week? 你们有多少人下周要来参加晚会？ 一般将来时:.be going to+ 动词原形~ 对于将要发生的事，或打算、计划、决定要做的事情时，皆以be going to + 动词原形的句型来表示因此此句型有be动词，所以是否用am, is, are ,决定于主语 1.肯定句：主语+be (is, am, are) going to +动词原形I am going to play football next Sunday. 下周日我打算踢足球◇He is going to travel around the world. 他计划周游世界。 ◇They are going to meet outside the school gate. 他们打算在校门口见面。◇It is going to rain. 要下雨了。 2.否定句：主语+be (am, are, is) not going to +动词原形We are not going to have any classes next week. 下周我们不上课。◇I’m not going to be a teacher. 我不打算当老师。 ◇He isn’t going to see his brother tomorrow. 他明天不准备去看他哥哥。 3.疑问句：Be (Am, Is, Are) +主语+ going to + 动词原形 ◇Are you going to be a doctor when you grow up? 你长大了，打算当一名医生吗？ Yes, I am. 是的，我打算当。No, I’m not. 不，我不打算当。 will 同be going to 的用法相同以今天为起点的所有将来时间，如： this afternoon / this evening = tonight / tomorrow/ tomorrow morning / afternoon / evening , the day after tomorrow / next week , next Wednesday / next month, next September / next year. ★“be going to + 动词原形”表示计划、打算、将来发生的动作，常和this afternoon （今天下午），this evening = tonight （今晚），tomorrow （明天），tomorrow morning (afternoon , evening ) （明早，午，晚），the day after tomorrow（后天），next Sunday （下个星期天），next week (下周)，next month (下个月)，next year (明年)等的时间状语连用，前不加任何介词。另外，动作性动词go ,come 和leave 等的现在进行时表示一般将来时动作。 四、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级1．比较级：句子表示两者之间的比较时用比较级，其标志词是than, much, a little , even和still等。 e.g. ①Her hair is much longer than mine. 她的头发比我的长多了。②I’m a little older than you. 我比你大一点儿。2．最高级：句子表示三者或多者的比较时用最高级，其标志词是表示范围的in…或of …介词短语。在句子中，形容词最高级前必须加the。 e.g. ①The boy is the tallest in our class. 这个男孩是我们班最高的。 ②Which is the biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth?

八年级英语语法形容词比较级专项练习

一、写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式： long _________ ______wide _______ _______ thin _________ _______ heavy ________ ______ slow _______ _______few___________ _______ short ________ ______ badly ______ _______far __________ _______ quickly ______ ______happy ______ _______careful ______ _______ 二、用所给词的正确形式填空： 1. She will be much ______ (happy) in her new class. 2. The short one is _______ (useful) of the five. 3. His sister is two years _______ (young) than him. 4. This ruler is twice as ______ (long) as that. 5. The _____ (cheap) bags are usually the best ones. 6. Gold(黄金) is much ______ (expensive)than iron(铁). 7. The boy is not so ______ (interesting) as his brother. 8. Jack sings _____ (well), he sings ______(well) than Tom, but Mary sings______(well) in her class. 9. Of the three girls, I find Lucy is _______ (clever). 10. John’s parents have four daughters, and she is _____ (young) child. 三、选择填空： 1.It is _____ today than yesterday. A. hot B. more hot C. hotter D. much hot 2. This line is ____ than that one. A. not longer B. more longer C. much more longer D. many more longer 3. Of the five toys, the child chose_____. A. the expensive one B. one most expensive C. a least expensive D. the most expensive one 4. Which do you like _____, coffee, tea or milk? A. the best B. better C. the better D. best 5. They bet to see who could run _____ in the sports meeting. A. the fastest B. the faster C. fastest D. faster 6. This book is ____ of all.