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2016届中考英语《第九章:英语动词的用法》复习讲义

2016届中考英语《第九章:英语动词的用法》复习讲义
2016届中考英语《第九章:英语动词的用法》复习讲义

第九章动词

动词是用来描述主主语的动作行为或状态的一类词。动词在句中作谓语,用来说明主语是什么、处于什么状态或做什么。动词有不同的形式,这些形式体现了动作发生的时间、语态等信息。对于动词的考查大、方式灵活、越型多样。在学习过粗,学生要掌握动词的时态及语态,牢记近义动词及动词短语的不同含义,.对于不同的情态动词的用法,要多做练习,在实践中加以区分,以便取得很好的学习效果。

内容导视

知识点1动词的分类

知识点2动词的用法

知识点3动词的甚本形式

知识点4短语动词

知识详单

知识点1动词的分类

分类特点例句

实义动词表示动作或状态,有完整的词义,能独立作谓语。

按其带不带宾语可分为及物动词和不及物动词。

Give me some ink, please.请

给我一些墨水。

He works hard.他工作努力。

连系动词本身有词义,不能独立作谓语,必须和表语一起

构成谓语,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身

份等。

He is a teacher.他是一位老

师。

They look the same.他们看起

来一样。

助动词本身无词义,不能独立作谓语,只能和实义动词

一起构成谓语。可用来表示否定、疑问、时态、

语态、语气等。

I am watching TV.我正在看电

视。

I don't speak English.我不说

英语。

情态动词本身有一定的意义,表示人的语气和情态,不可

单独作谓语,须和实义动词或系动词一起构成

谓语。

Tom can swim.汤姆会游泳。

May I come in?我可以进来

吗?

知识点2动词的用法

1.实义动词

分类用法例句

及物动词能直接跟宾语She bought a hook yesterday.

她昨天买了一木书。

【知识拓展】

1.单宾语动词:即只可接一个宾语的动词,如accept接受;discover发现;enjoy 享受;forget忘记;borrow借入;buy买;catch抓;invent发明;found建造;like喜欢;find寻找;forget忘记;receive接受;see看见;say说;show展示;make做;tell告诉等。例如:

I'm sorry that I forgot your address.对不起,我忘了你的地址。

2.双宾语动词:即后接间接宾语(指人)和直接宾语(指物)的动词,如give给;buy买;pay付款;hand递;read读;return返还;sell卖等。例如:

I am going to return him the books tomorrow afternoon.我明天下午要把书还给他。

3.接复合宾语的动词:后接宾语和宾补的动词,如believe相信;find发现;hear 听见,听说;keep保持;make使得;see看见等。例如:

They kept him waiting at the door for twenty minutes.他们让他在门口等了20分钟。

4.接动名词作宾语的动词:如advise建议;consider考虑;finish完成;imagine 想像;practise练习;suggest 建议等。例如:

She practises playing the piano every day.她每天都练习弹钢琴。

5.接不定式作宾语的动词:如agree同意;decide决定,下决心;hope希望;refuse拒绝;manage设法等。例如:

Bill refused to take responsibility for the accident.比尔拒绝对那次事故承担责任。

不及物动

词不能直接跟宾语He is waiting for you at the

gate.他在门口等着你。

【知识拓展】常见的不及物动词:ache疼痛;appear出现;arise出现,上升,起立;arrive到达,belong属于;care关心;come来;cough咳嗽;cry哭;die死亡;disappear,上升消失;exist存在,生存;faint昏倒,变得微弱;fall 落下;flow流动;go去;happen发生;laugh笑;lie躺;listen听;live生活,居住;look看;occur发生;rise上升,起立;sit坐;smile微笑;swim游泳

2.连系动词

分类常用词例句

表示主语的状态、特征和身份等be(是),look(看起来),seem(似

乎),feel(感觉),appear(出现),

smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),

sound(听起来)

He is a good father.他是一位

好父亲。

She looks younger than before.

她看起来比以前年轻。

I feel sorry to hear that。听到

那我很难过。

表示主语从一种状态到另一种状态,但侧重于转变后的结果turn(转变),become(成为),get(得到),

grow(增长),go(去),fall(跌落),come(来),

prove(证明)

Everyone will grow old.每个

人都会变老。

After a few years,the things

got worse and worse.

几年后,情况变得越来越糟糕。

表示主语保持某种身份、特征或状

态不变keep(保持),remain(仍旧),stay(保持),

continue(继续)

The old man stays calm.老人

保持平静。

Keep quiet while you're going

around.参观时要保持安静。

3.助动词

助动词be

人称数现在时态过去时态现在分词过去分词第一人称单数am was being been

复数are were

第二人称单数are were

复数are were

第三人称单数is was

复数are were

【知识拓展】助动词be的用法: be主要用来构成进行时和被动语态。

(1) “be+现在分词”构成进行时态

例如:

My boy friend is reading a newspaper in the sofa.我的男朋友正坐在沙发上看报纸。

②' be+及物动词的过去分词”构成被动语态。例如:

The truth will be known场everyone.真相将会大白于天下。

助动词do

形式肯定式否定式缩略否定式

原形do do not don’t

第三人称单数does does not doesn’t

过去式did did not didn’t

【知识拓展】助动询do的用法:do主要用来构成否定句、疑问句或对谓语动词进行强调。

① 有其他助动词的一般动词用do构成否定句和疑问句。例如:

I don't like this kind of music.我不喜欢这种音乐。

②do+动词原形”构成强调句。例如:

I do need your help.我的确需要你的帮助。

助动词have

形式肯定式否定式缩略否定式

原形have have not haven’t

第三人称单数has has not hasn’t

过去式had had not hadn’t

【知识拓展】助动词have的用法:have 与过去分词构成各种完成时态。例如

We haven't seen for a long time.我们很久没见面了

4.情态动词

情态动词用法例句

表示能力,意为“能,会”I can read this sentence in

English.我能用英语读这句

can,could

话。

表示许可时,意为“可以,能够”,相当于may She said that I could use her

computer·她说我可以使用她

的电脑。

用于推测,表示可能性,意为“可能”, could比

can更加不肯定,多用于否定或疑问句

The man can't he our

teacher-he has gone to

Beijing·那个男人不可能是我

们的老师,他去北京了。

There is someone outside-who

can it be?有人在外面,可能是

谁呢?

【知识拓展】

can的一般疑问句,肯定回答用Yes ,~can; 否定回答用No,~can't。例如:

-Can you play the piano?你会弹钢琴吗?

-Yes, I can.是的,我会。/No, I can't不,我不会。

2 can, could和be able to的区别:can只有现在式和过去式,而be able to可以用于各种时态;can( could)表示能力时,可用be able to代替。例如:

I can(am able to) afford the car.我能买得起这辆小汽车。

She has been able to come to school. 她已经能去学校了

I could(=was able to)drive a car before I left school.毕业前我就会开车。

may, might 表示允许或许可,意为“可以”May I have your name?我能

知道你的名字吗?

May I use your phone?我可以

用用你的电话吗?

表示征询许可时,might比may的语气委婉-Might I ask for a photograph

of your little daughter?

你小女儿的照片吗?

-Yes. you may.是的,可以。用于表推测时,是“可能,或许”之意,might

语气更加不肯定,多用于肯定句中

He may be wrong,but I'm not

sure.也许他错了,但我也不确

定。

She might be very busy now.

她现在可能非常忙。

【知识拓展】

1. may的一般疑问句,肯定回答用Yes,~may. /Yes, of course. /Yes, certainly.;否定回答用No, ~can't/mustn't。例如:

-Might/May I smoke in this room?我可以在这间屋子里抽烟吗?

-Yes, you may.是的,你可以。/No, you can't/mustn't.不,不可以。

2.用于表示推测时,may和might一般不用于疑问句中,而在疑问句中,常使用can;在否定句中,maynot/might not意为“可能不”,而can't/couldn't意为“不可能”。例如:

The young people might not like the idea.年轻人可能不喜欢这个主意。

It can't/couldn't be our headmaster. He has gone to America·那不可能是我们校长。他已经去美国了

must 表示必须,一定要,指说话人的主观语气You must obey the school

rules·你必须遵守校规。mustn't表示禁止,意为“千万不要,禁止”,是

说话人强有力的劝告

You mustn't play with the

knife or you may hurt

yourself.

你千万玩刀否则你可能会伤

到自己。

表示推测时,用于肯定句,意为“想必,一定”,

否定句中用can't ,couldn't来代替。

This must be your room. 这一

定是你的房问了。

He must be eighty now.

他现在想必有八十岁了。【知识拓展】

1. must的一般疑问句,肯定回答为Yes,~ must.; 否定回答为No, ~needn't., 或No, ~ don't have to.

例如:

-Must I clean the classroom now?我必须现在打扫教室吗?

-Yes, you must·是的,你必须。

-No, you don't have to. /No, you needn't.不,你不必。

2 . must和have to的区别:

①用must表示“必须”的意思时,通常着重于说话者的主观看法, 认为有必要去做某事;而have to着重于客观需要,含有“不得不”的意思。例如:

We must study English hard.我们必须努力学习英语。

You are ill today. You have to see a doctor.你今天病了,不得不去看医生。

②用must表示“必须”,只有现在时态的形式,如果要表示过去时或将来时的“必须”,就要用have to的相应形式。例如:

You must drive fast to catch the time.你必须开车开快点来赶时间。

They will have to leave tomorrow morning.他们必须明天早晨起程。

will 表示意志、愿望和决心,常译为“愿意”If you will help us, we shall be

very grateful.如果你愿意帮助

我们,我们将不胜感激。

用于第二人称疑问句,表示请求或建议等Will you have dinner with me

tonight?今天晚上和我一起吃

饭好吗?

表示习惯性动作或某种倾向,多用于现在时,常

译为“总是”

Kate will sit there, waiting for

her daughter to come back.凯

特总是坐在那儿等女儿回

来。

would 作为will的过去式,可表示过去的意志、愿望或

决心等,意为“愿意”

He promised he would never

smoke again.他承诺他再也不

吸烟了。

表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向Their English teacher would

tell them stories in English

after class.他们的英语老师总

是在课后用英语给他们讲故

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