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Intermediate+Microeconomics英文讲义Chapter5

Chapter 5

Choice

A. Optimal choice

1. We want to find the bundle in the budget set that is on the highest indifference

curve. Moving along the budget line until highest indifference curve doesn’t cross

the budget line, just touches the budget line, we have ),(*

2*1x x , our optimal choice.

All the other bundles preferred to ),(*2*1x x , such as on a higher level of

indifference curve, are simply beyond our budget. So ),(*

2*1x x is our optimal choice.

An important feature of this optimal choice: at this choice, the indifference curve is tangent to the budget line.

05.01

2. Does this tangency condition really have to hold at an optimal choice? Answer is

NO. What is always true is that at the optimal point the indifference curve can’t cross the budget line .

a) Exception — kinky tastes.

Here the indifference curve has a kink at the optimal choice. Move along the budget line, the curve crossing the line is not optimal. Then we find optimal

bundle ),(*

2*1x x . The bundles preferred to this bundle are beyond budget. Therefore ―not crossing‖ is true for optimal choice, tangency condition is not true. Mathematical definition of a tangent requires that there be a unique tangent line at each point. At this optimal bundle, the tangent line is not defined.

05.02

b) Exception — boundary optimum, which means that at the optimal choice, the

consumption of some good is zero as shown in Figure 5.3. Although we find

the optimal choice, tangency condition is not satisfied. The slope of budget line and the slope of the indifference curve are different, which means that

05.03

3.Tangency is not sufficient.

If we rule out ―kinky tastes‖ and ―boundary optimum‖, just restrict ourselves only to interior optima, then necessarily the indifference curve will be tangent to the budget line. Please note here the tangency condition is in general a necessary condition rather than a sufficient condition.

05.04

a)unless indifference curves are convex.

b)unless optimum is interior.

If indifference curves are convex, and optimum is interior, then tangency condition is necessary and sufficient condition.

If the indifference curves are strictly convex― they don’t have any flat spots only one optimal choice on each budget line.

c)So, we have

d)MRS were different from the price ratio?

the bundle c, your optimal bundle. Suppose

According to the definition of MRS, you like to give up 2 units of 1x to exchange for 1 unit of 2x, and you are on the margin of trading or not-trading.

So, c ~ a.On Page 51, we know that MRS measures how much you are willing to pay, which is determined by your preference, not by market price.

In up 2 units of 1x , you obtain $2. With this $2, you

can buy 2 more units of 2x . With this 2 more units of 2x , you actually move to b . Since more is better, b -

- c. So c is not your optimal choice.

4. optimal choice is demanded bundle

a) as we vary prices and income, we get demand functions.

Demand function is the function that relates the optimal choice ―the quantities demanded —to the different values of prices and incomes: ()m p p x ,2,11, ()m p p x ,2,12.

b) want to study how optimal choice — the demanded bundle – changes as price

and income change

B. Examples

1. perfect substitutes: 11/p m x = if 21p p < ; 21p p <, then the slope of the budget

line is flatter than the slope of the indifference curves. The consumer will spend all of his money on good 1. If 21p p >, the budget line will be steeper, so all of his money will be spent on good 2, and 01=x . If 21p p =, any bundle on the budget line is a optimal choice.

05.05

2. perfect complements: )/(211p p m x += .

The optimal choice must always lie on the diagonal, where the consumer is purchasing equal amounts of both goods, no matter what the prices are. No matter m x p x p =+21 and

05.06

3. neutrals and bads: 11/p m x =.

The consumer will spend all of his money on the good he likes, no money on bads and neutrals. Neutral good means you do not care about it. 4. discrete goods.

Suppose good 1 is a discrete good that is available only in integer units. If the price of good 1 is very high, then the consumer will choose zero units of good 1; as the price decreases the consumer will find it optimal to consume 1 unit of the good. As the price decreases further the consumer will choose to consume more units of good 1.

05.07

a) suppose good is either consumed or not

b) then compare (1,m - 1p ) with (0,m ) and see which is better.

5. concave preferences: similar to perfect substitutes. Note that tangency doesn’t

work.

05.08

6. Cobb-Douglas preferences: 11/p am x =. Note constant budget shares , a =

budget share of good 1.

c x cx MU

-=,

, by (2) and (3 ) we obtain

02211=-x cp x dp (4)

C. Estimating utility function

1. examine consumption data

2. see if you can ―fi t‖ a utility function to it

3. e.g., if income shares are more or less constant, Cobb-Douglas does a good job

4. can use the fitted utility function as guide to policy decisions

5. in real life more complicated forms are used, but basic idea is the same

D. Implications of MRS condition

1. why do we care that MRS = - price ratio?

2. if everyone faces the same prices, then everyone has the same local trade-off

between the two goods. This is independent of income and tastes.

3. since everyone locally values the trade-off the same, we can make policy

judgments. Is it worth sacrificing one good to get more of the other? Prices serve as a guide to relative marginal valuations.

E. Application — choosing a tax. Which is better, a quantity tax or an income tax?

Question: If the government wants to raise a certain amount of revenue, is it better to raise it via a quantity tax or an income tax? Let’s apply what we have learned to answer this question.

1. we can show that an income tax is always better in the sense that given any

commodity tax, there is an income tax that makes the consumer better off.

05.09

2. outline of argument:

a) original budget constraint: m x p x p =+2211

b) budget constraint with tax: m x p x t p =++2211)(

c) optimal choice with tax: m x p x t p =++*

2*11)(

d) revenue raised is *1tx

e) income tax that raises same amount of revenue leads to budget constraint:

12211tx m x p x p -=+

1) this line has same slope as original budget line

2) also passes through ),(*

2*1x x

3) proof: *

1*22*11tx m x p x p -=+

4) this means that ),(*2*1x x is affordable under the income tax, so the optimal

choice under the income tax must be even better than ),(*

2*1x x

F. Appendix — solving for the optimal choice

1. calculus problem — constrained maximization

2. max ),(21x x u s.t. m x p x p =+2211

3. method 1: write down 21/p p MRS -= and budget constraint and solve.

4. method 2: substitute from constraint into objective function and solve.

5. method 3: Lagrange’s method

a) set up Lagrangian: )(),(221121m x p x p x x u L -+-=λ b) differentiate with respect to 21,x x , λ . c) solve equations.

6. example 1: Cobb-Douglas problem in book

7. example 2: quasilinear preferences

a) max 21)(x x u + m x p x p t s =+2211..

b) easiest to substitute, but works each way

G. Exercises

1. Suppose a holiday is coming, and the manager of a company is thinking about to

give some bonus to his employees. There are two types of bonus: $1000, or rice of 100kg, the price of the rice is $10/kg.

(a) Please draw the budget lines of an employee in both cases;

(b) Do you prefer the bonus of $1000 to the rice of 100kg? or the rice of 100kg to

the bonus of $1000? Why? Draw diagrams to support your argument.

2. A government introduces a policy to subsidize its civilians in the consumption of

a non-discrete good, say x. To avoid some people who may abuse the subsidy, however, the government provides a 60% subsidy on the total expenditure on x only up to the consumption of 3 units per month; any extra consumption beyond 3 units and up to 6 units will only be eligible for a 20% subsidy; and no more subsidy will be provided for any consumption beyond 6 units (i.e. if a consumer wants to consume more than 6 units, she has to pay the full price for the extra units).

Assume that the market price of x is 10 per unit, and the average price of all other

goods in the economy, denoted by y , is 4 per unit. If a consumer has a monthly income of 88 and a utility function )1)(2(++=y x u . To maximize her utility,

(a) How many units of x the consumer would consume?

(b) How much the government has to subsidize the consumer? (c) Illustrate the consumer’s choice with a diagram.

3. In her communications course, Nancy takes two examinations. Her overall grade

for the course will be the maximum of her scores on the two examinations. Nancy decides to spend a total 400 minutes studying for these two examinations. If she spends 1m minutes studying for the first examination, her score on this exam will be 511m x =. If she spends 2m minutes studying for the second examination, her score on this exam will be 1022m x =.

(a) On the graph below, draw a ―budget line‖ showing the various combinations

of scores on the two exams that she can achieve with a total of 400 minutes of studying . On the same graph, draw two or three ―indifference curves‖ for Nancy.

(b) Given that she spends a total of 400 minutes studying, Nancy will maximize

her overall score by achieving a score of ___ on the first examination and ___ on the second examination.

26个英文字母.讲义及练习

教师辅导讲义教学内容认识26个大小写英文字母(手写体) 1.听、说、读、写26个英文字母。 2. 26个字母的书写形式书写格式很重要，四线三格要看好。大写均占上两格，小写格式要记牢。头朝上占上两格，尾朝下占下两格。有头有尾占三格，无头无尾占中格。

Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz 你觉得26个大小写英文字母分别像什么呢？大写A像圆规小写ɑ像蜗牛大写B像耳朵小写b像数字6倒立弯弯的月亮大小C，只是大C个头大。大写D像竖琴小写表扬人的手指大写E 像“山”字向右倒小写e像天鹅倒影大写F像冲锋枪小写像拐杖大写G像衣帽钩小写像钓鱼钩

大写H像河上独木桥小写像把椅大写I 像个“工”字，小写点加竖大写J像伞把小写就是大J加个点大小写K 样子像，都是一挺机关枪大写L像把锄头小写像粉笔大写M像两座山峰小写像把梳子大写N像滑梯小写像拱门大写O像个大鸭蛋小写o像个0 大写P小写P一个样，圆形旗子迎风飘。大写Q圆圆鸡蛋破了洞，蛋液一下流出来小写像数字9。大写R像大P伸出腿小写r是一根小芽儿。大小写S一个样，都像长蛇地上爬

随堂巩固一、听录音，圈出你所听到的字母。 1. Dd Bb 2. Hh Aa 3. Ii Ee 4. Gg Jj 5. Bb Ii 6. Cc Ss 7. Ll Ii 8. Vv Uu 9. Pp Qq 10.Yy Ii 二、听录音，选出你所听到的字母。听力训练大U 小u 像水杯，小u 比大U 大多个尾。大小V 一个样胜利手势摆出来。大写W 小都像皇冠大X 一个样像乘号大Y 样子像枝丫小写像小弹弓大Z 小z 一个样，都像数字2被拉直。

《英语写作基础教程》讲义-英语写作基础教程

《英语写作基础教程》讲义 Chapter 1 Using Proper Words Choice of words build up a large vocabulary the recognition vocabulary the active vocabulary 2. Approaches to the building up a vocabulary Learning words from a word-list or from a dictionary. (2) Learning words from speech and writing (context) E.g. Kill He killed the man. He killed the dog. They killed the proposal. Please kill the engine. She is dressed to kill. You are killing me. She killed her child with kindness. He took a snack to kill his hungry. He killed every day at the park. He killed himself with overwork He killed the spirit of the group. The news killed their hope. These flowers kill easily. He killed three bottle of Whisky in a week. Kill one ’s appetite Kill peace Kill the mood Kill marriage II. Using words correctly 1.overcome Chinglish 2. Beware of archaisms, obsolete words, anachronisms and newly-coined words Words or meaning of words which are no longer in common used but occur in special text (e.g. Religious works) and poetry are called archaic. Words or meaning which have gone out of use altogether are called obsolete. Words that are inappropriate for the time about which one is writing are called anachronisms 3.Avoid slang Chapter 2 Make Correct and Effective Sentences 1. Basic elements of a sentence 2. what is a sentence? 3. Typical English sentence pattern: Subject +predicate

26个英文字母书写标准【观察、临摹、默写】

【观察】

【临摹】姓名：_____________ 练习时间：______月______日，第___次 ______ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________ ______________ ______________ ________________ _______________

英文字母教案上课讲义

英文字母教案

英文字母教案教师：田荣教学年级：四年级教学类型：趣味英语第一课时一.教学内容：字母AaBbCcDdEe单词apple boy cat dog egg 二.教学目标： 1.通过教孩子们各种简单的英语儿歌，做各种好玩的游戏，激发孩子们学习英语的热情，培养他们对英语的兴趣。 2.培养学生良好的朗读和书写习惯，要求读音正确，书写规范。 3.能正确听、说、读、写AaBbCc. 4.会唱ABCD歌。 5.学习与字母有关的单词apple boy cat dog egg 三.教学重点 1.字母AaBbCcDd的正确朗读。 2.每个字母在四线格的位置并能规范书写。 3.Bb Dd小写的区别。 4.单词的拼写读法意思四.教学难点 1.每个字母的占格及笔画顺序。 2.单词的拼写读法意思五.教学准备 .字母卡片单词卡片六教学过程 Step1 教师首先说明英语单词是由26个字母组成，并且有大小写之分。英语字母有多种不同的文字，每个字体中的字母书写方式不一样，让学生认识四线格。 Step2 播放ABCD歌，引起学生学习英语的兴趣，可以先教他们唱两遍。 Step3. 利用字母卡片，教授字母Aa，让学生注意读音，认真看口型，大写A三笔，占上下两格。小写a一笔.占中间一行。与此同时，教他们单词apple 后面类似。字母Bb，大写两笔，占一二两格，小写中间一格。字母C的大写及d的小写都是一笔完成，大写D两笔完成。教师应边说边师范写，联系字母的笔顺时，课采用书空形式。 Step4. 教完字母后，重点教单词的读法，并能帮助他们记忆单词，可以叫同学们自己来读。然后可以让学生在教科书上进行书写练习，教师要注意指导学生正确的书写。 Step5 字母单词配对游戏把新授字母单词写到黑板上，将字母单词卡片上，发给学生，然后让没有拿到卡片的同学根据拿到卡片的同学的读法，指出该单词或字母，这样既练习部分同学的读法，有利于指单词的同学的记忆，一举两得。

中级英语写作讲义

CET4 2013年12月四级（1） Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief account of the impact of the Internet on the way people communicate and then explain whether electronic communication can replace face-to-face contact. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. “Dear Andy-How are you? Your mother and I are fine. We both miss you and hope you are doing well. We look forward to seeing you again the next time your computer

crashes and you come down-stairs for something to eat, Love, Mom and Dad.”实：保证沟通信息清晰，完整，避免误解，更加正式 The （more formal） face-to-face contact can ensure/guarantee the message （being delivered）clearer and more intact, thus avoiding misunderstanding （effectively=in such an effective way/ to a great extent. ） So…that… The message/information delivered through internet is very likely to be neglected. It is more likely for us to neglect the message on the internet or dismiss it as rumors. 虚：1.避免虚假信息 2.拉近距离身体语言眼神促进情感交流范文1（星火） Electronic Communication Cannot Replace Face-to-Face Contact

英文写作模板(据王老师讲义)

英文写作模板包含：图表类作文模板、原因分析类作文模板、议论性文字作文模板。据王晓艳老师课堂讲义整理结构：P1：描述图表；P2：分析图表；P3：结论 P1：描述图表 As is shown in the 图表类型above, dramatic changes have taken place in the 变量的名称-名词短语. The most obvious change was the 上升/下降变量,which had increased nearly by % ,while 下降/上升变量decreased roughly by % . The percentage if the remained stable between and . P2：分析图表； There are numerous reasons accounting for the phenomenon and I would like to explore a few of most important ones here. Above all, development of technique and knowledge in native company stimulate the vitality of 变量-名词短语. What’s more,(culture influence) 原因2is an important reason of the decline/increase if the 变量-名词短语. Finally, 原因3. P3：结论 Based on what has been discussed above, we may reasonably conclude that the tendency described in graph will continue for quite a long time. Hopefully, government could offer more friendly policies to . 比如交通事故原因分析及解决方案结构：P1：改写课题；P2：原因分析；P3：解决方案；P4：预测、总结 P1：改写课题 Recently, there is a heated debate on the issue of . A recent study conducted by 机构名称revealed that 现象. Hence, it is of paramount importance that we ascertain the cause of 事件and identify the effective remedies of this phenomenon. P2：原因分析 As I see it, the cause of 现象are manifold. Firstly, 原因1. Secondly, 原因2. Last but not the least, 原因3 . P3：解决方案 Given the severity of , we have no alternative but to take vigorous measure to address this thorny issue. To begin with, 解决方案1. Further, 解决方案2. Lastly, 解决方案3. P4：预测、总结 To summarize, the cause of 现象are multiple. I just point out some of them. But if government, scientist and individual work together to resolve the problem, the 现象will fall/increase immediately. 第1页，共2页

I默写26个英文字母并圈出元音字母

I默写26个英文字母并圈出元音字母(10分) Ⅰ.单项选择。(20分) ( )1.下列大小写字母不对应的一组是____。 A. F—f B. M—w C. E—e D. Q—q ( )2.下列字母中一笔写成的是____。 A. p B. t C. m D. i ( )3.下列各组字母中含有相同读音的一组是____。 A. A, S B. H, I C. L, Y D. M, X ( )4. —Welcome to Beijing! —____ A. Welcome to Beijing, too. B. Thanks. C. Fine, thanks. D. Yes, I am. ( )5. Mom, this is my teacher, Miss Lin. Miss Lin, ____ A. thank you. B. how are you? C. this is my mom. D. hi. ( )6. —____ —Fine, thank you. A. How do you do? B. Nice to meet you. C. Are you Mr. Wang? D. How are you? ( )7. —____ you Mingming? —____, I’m not. A. Are; Yes B. Am; No C. Are; No D. Am; Yes ( )8.下列各组字母中全部是元音字母的是____。 A. a, e, o, r B. a, i, u, e C. o, u, e, n D. b, e, c, t ( )9.下列字母书写格式正确的是____。 A. B. C. D. ( )10.当别人帮助了你, 你应该说“____”。 A. OK. B. Nice to meet you. C. Thank you. D. Yes. ( )11. —Where ____ they from? —They’re from Japan. A. is B. am C. are D. / ( )12. —____ your name? —My name is Kate. A. What’s B. Who C. How D. How’s ( )13. —Is she Maria? —, she ____. A. No; aren’t B. Yes; isn’t C. No; are D. Yes; is ( )14. —____, are you Mr. Wang? —Yes, I am. A. Fine B. Please C. Excuse me D. OK ( )15. —Are they from Canada?

【人教版】2020版高考英语写作基础 Unit 3 (2)讲义+练习(必修1,含解析)

Unit 3 李仕才一、词汇讲解 1. stubborn adj. 顽固的，固执的;顽强的或有决心的;坚持的;棘手的比较级：stubborner 最高级：stubbornest 【派生词】stubbornly adv. 倔强地，顽强地，顽固地【派生词】stubbornness noun [U] 倔强，顽强;牛性;牛脾气;犟劲 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/931922231.html,anize v. 组织;安排;规划;建立组织（分类记事的）备忘记【派生词】organizer-iser n.组织者，编制者，发起人;[生]形成体;〈口〉公文柜，事簿;[计]整理器【派生词】organization n. 组织;机构;团体；【派生词】organizational adj. 组织的;编制的 3.determine （使）做出决定(~ on sth/to do sth 决定，决心（做某事）)vt. 决定，确 vt.& vi.（使）下决心，定;判定，判决;使决定;限定 vi. [主用于法律]了结，终止，结束【派生词】determination n. 决心;决定，确定;[物]测定，计算【派生词】determined adj. 确定的;坚定的;毅然的 v. 确定;决定;（使）下决心，（使）做出决定( determine 的过去式和过去分词);使决定【派生词】determinedly adv. 坚决地;坚定地;断然地;决然地 4.journey （Journey to the West 西游记） n. 旅行，旅程行期;历程，过程 vi. 旅行，出游 vt. 在…旅行或旅行到过… 【近义词辩词】 1) journey 指经由陆路、空路或海路，从一地到另一地的旅程，如：a journey of over 2, 000miles （2, 000 多英里的旅程）。表示旅行到某个地方用journey，这是文雅的用法：The nights became colder as they 。 journeyed north（他们北上的过程中，夜晚变得越来越冷） 2) voyage 通常指乘船或乘坐飞行器进行的长途旅行：the voyage to the moon in 1972（1972 。年的登月之旅） 3)trip 通常指短期逗留的往返旅程：a business trip to Milan（到米兰出差）。注意，trip 用作动词时含义不同。 4)excursion 指短途的观光游览或有其他目的的短途旅行：T he tourist office organizes excursions to the palace of Knossos（旅游局组织去克诺索斯王宫观光游览）。 5) travel 泛指旅行的行为而非某次具体的旅行，用复数形式时多指到远方作长期旅行或旅游，不强调直接目的地。例如：a record of her travels in the Far East 她在远东游历的记录

26个英文字母的练习题

按格式、按字母顺序、按要求默写26个字母。请给下面的大小写字母连线。 Q W E R T Y U I O P A S D p q s a d o w i e u r y t ______________________________________________________________________________ F G H J K L Z X C V B N M l k m n f g j z h x c v b 根据给出的大写字母写出相应的小写字母。 Q W E R T Y U I O P A S D F G H J K L Z X C V B N M

根据给出的小写字母写出相应的大写字母。 m n b v c x z l k j h g f d s a p o i u y t r e w q 根据前后字母写出所缺字母。（1）Aa Bb ______ Dd ______ ____ Gg ______ Ii Jj Kk _____ _______ ______ Oo Pp _____ ______ Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww _______ _______ ________ （2）_____ _____ C ____ E F ____ _____ I J _____ L ____ _____ O P ____ ______ _____ T _____ _____ W X _____ ______

（3）a ____ _____ _____ e ____ _____ _____ i j k l ____ _____ ______ _____ _____ r s _____ u v w ____ _____ _____ 请写出5个元音字母的大小写。请根据下面的印刷体写出手写体。 Aa Ee Ff Gg Ii Jj Kk Ll Pp Qq Rr Tt Uu Xx Yy 按字母的先后顺序，排列以下单词的先后顺序。（1）face apple banana cow duck （2）fox Coke elephant desk head （3）white hair king green ice

英文写作资料

北京奥运英语四级材料 The Games of the 29th Olympiad in 2008 are awarded to the city of Beijing."With the motto "New Beijing, Great Olympics", Beijing promises to host a "Green Olympics", a "Hi-tech Olympics" and the "People's Olympics". Chinese people always appreciate the purposes and principles of Olympic ideal, support the efforts of Olympic Games to promote world peace. The Chinese Government and people are doing our the utmost/best to prepare for the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing, and shooting at the pageant with advocating Olympic ideal, sparkpluging world peace and enhancing the relationships among the world. Olympic spirit are gonna spread again in orient cultural ancient China. The government and people of China have always admired the purposes and principles of the Olympic spirit and supported the efforts made by the Olympics in promoting world peace. The Chinese government and people are doing our utmost in preparation for the 2008 Olympics in Beijing. It is our hope to make it a grand gathering that will carry forward the Olympic spirit, promote world peace and enhance the friendship among people of the world, so that the Olympic spirit will flourish once again, this time in China, an oriental country with an ancient civilization. “第29届奥运会在2008年授予市北京。 ”座右铭“新北京，新奥运” ，北京的承诺，举办一个“绿色奥运” ， “高科技奥运会”和“人民的奥运“ 。中国人民始终欣赏的宗旨和原则，奥林匹克理想，支持的努力，奥运会上为促进世界和平。中国政府和人民正在尽我们的最大/最佳准备为2008年北京奥运会，射击选美与倡导奥林匹克理想，世界的和平与提高之间的关系的世界。奥林匹克精神是在哪里蔓延，再次在东方的中国古代文化。有关中国政府和人民一向钦佩的宗旨和原则，也是奥林匹克精神的支持和所作的努力，奥运会在促进世界和平。中国政府和人民正在尽最大努力在为筹备2008年奥运会在北京举行。这是我们的希望，使其一次盛会，将弘扬奥林匹克精神，促进世界的和平与提高人民之间的友谊的世界，使奥林匹克精神将再次蓬勃发展，这一次在中国，一个东方的国家一个古老的文明。有关四川汶川的英语作文 AROUND 2:28 pm on Monday, Zhu Qi had his first brush with terror. He’d been awakened from an afternoon nap. His bunk was shaking. The door to his dormitory room was jammed shut. When Zhu, a postgrad at Chengdu University of Technology, managed to join his classmates outside, the earth had stopped moving. But the damage had been done. At area universities, students had fled dorms and classrooms with the clothes on their back. But at least they were alive. Only 96 kilometers away in Wenchuan County, thousands of people, young and old, were buried in rubble. The 7.8-magnitude quake had devastated a region of small cities and towns set amid the steep and forested hills of northwestern Sichuan. The quake is China’s worst in three decades. The full reach of the damage has yet to be determined. By press time, around

2019届浙江省新高考英语写作基础能力练习讲义必修一unit3(三)(word版)-word

一、词汇讲解2018 年浙江省新高考写作基础能力练习讲义必修一unit3 part3 1. stubborn adj. 顽固的，固执的;顽强的或有决心的;坚持的;棘手的比较级：stubborner 最高级：stubbornest 【派生词】stubbornly adv. 倔强地，顽强地，顽固地【派生词】stubbornness noun [U] 倔强，顽强;牛性;牛脾气;犟劲 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/931922231.html,anize v. 组织;安排;规划;建立组织【派生词】organizer-iser n.组织者，编制者，发起人;[生]形成体;〈口〉公文柜，（分类记事的）备忘记事簿;[计]整理器【派生词】organization n. 组织;机构;团体；【派生词】organizational adj. 组织的;编制的 3.determine vt.& vi.（使）下决心，（使）做出决定(~ on sth/to do sth 决定，决心（做某事）)vt. 决定，确定;判定，判决;使决定;限定 vi. [主用于法律]了结，终止，结束【派生词】determination n. 决心;决定，确定;[物]测定，计算【派生词】determined adj. 确定的;坚定的;毅然的 v. 确定;决定;（使）下决心，（使）做出决定( determine 的过去式和过去分词);使决定【派生词】determinedly adv. 坚决地;坚定地;断然地;决然地 4.journey （Journey to the West 西游记） n. 旅行，旅程行期;历程，过程 vi. 旅行，出游 vt. 在…旅行或旅行到过… 【近义词辩词】 1) journey 指经由陆路、空路或海路，从一地到另一地的旅程，如： a journey of over 2, 000 miles （2, 000 多英里的旅程）。表示旅行到某个地方用journey，这是文雅的用法：The nights became colder as they journeyed north（他们北上的过程中，夜晚变得越来越冷）。 2) voyage 通常指乘船或乘坐飞行器进行的长途旅行：the voyage to the moon in 1972（1972 年的登月之旅）。 3)trip 通常指短期逗留的往返旅程： a business trip to Milan（到米兰出差）。注意，trip 用作动词时含义不同。 4)excursion 指短途的观光游览或有其他目的的短途旅行：The tourist office organizes excursions to the palace of Knossos（旅游局组织去克诺索斯王宫观光游览）。 5) travel 泛指旅行的行为而非某次具体的旅行，用复数形式时多指到远方作长期旅行或旅游，不强调直接目的地。例如： a record of her travels in the Far East 她在远东游历的记录 6) tour 旅游，观光。指以游乐为目的、最后返回出发地的观光游览，途中走访数个不同地点，距离可长可短。例如：He has gone on a tour to Europe.他到欧洲旅游去了。

英语作文讲义

互动问答：听见音，敲1；看见老师，敲2；两者都OK，敲3. 1. 在屏幕前的你是家长还是学生？ 2. 你喜欢写作文吗？ 3. 你在写英语作文中遇到的障碍是什么？

趣味问答： 1.Q: Which letter is a part of your face? 2. Q: Which letter is a question? 3. Q ：Who is closer to you, your mum or your dad ? 4. Q: How many sides does a house have ?Ii ——eye Yy ——why Mum, because dad is father （同音词farther 更远的）. Two , inside and outside .

讲在前面的： 1. 我们致力于打造服务济南市六年级学生的系列课程，以提升学习兴趣、培养学习习惯、提高学习成绩为重，帮助学生做好六升初的过渡衔接。 2. 本次集训营也为系列课程，一共8讲，希望学生和家长准时观看收听，认真记好笔记，集齐8次课程笔记，有资格参加笔记大赛，赢取奖品。

1. 不要刷屏，好好听讲 2. 手边笔记本，随听随写

Welcome to Amanda’s class!

更多模板烦请登陆：https://www.wendangku.net/doc/931922231.html,/ppt/ 版权声明感谢您下载觅知网平台上提供的PPT 作品，为了您和觅知网以及原创作者的利益，请勿复制、传播、销售，否则将承担法律责任！觅知网将对作品进行维权，按照传播下载次数进行十倍的索取赔偿！1.在觅知网出售的PPT 模板是免版税类（RF ：Royalty-Free ）正版受《中国人民共和国著作法》和《世界版权公约》的保护，作品的所有权、版权和著作权归觅知网所有，您下载的是PPT 模板素材的使用权。 2.不得将觅知网的PPT 模板、PPT 素材，本身用于再出售，或者出租、出借、转让、分销、发布或者作为礼物供他人使用，不得转授权、出卖、转让本协议或者本协议中的权利。自我介绍姓名：张蕾(Amanda)简介：10年朴新教学经验累计学员6000+人次，累计课时8000+。做过教学管理工作，教材编写工作。获奖经历：2016年集团优秀教师奖2018年教师赛课一等奖2019年组内阶段赛课一等奖

26个英文字母教学课件

26个英文字母教学课件 26个英文字母教学课件教学目标： 1、针对小学高年级学生学习英语后，容易把英语和拼音混淆，甚至学了英语，忘了拼音的现象，引导学生运用比较法区别汉语拼音与英语，从而复习汉语拼音。 2、通过教育学生不要学了英语就忘了汉语拼音，告诉学生汉语拼音是我们学习汉语的基础，是祖国的母语，从而对学生进行爱国主义教育。教学重点：引导学生运用比较法区别汉语拼音与英语的读音及写法。教学难点：有关声母、韵母与音标的区别。教具准备：多媒体教学过程：一、26个字母 1、谈话导入，引出比较法。同学们，我们都是九小的，同在一个集体里学习，这是我们的共同点。我站在讲台上，是老师;你们坐在座位上，是学生，这是我们的不同之处。我的笔记本比他(随手拿一同学的笔记本)的笔记本大。

这里我用了什么方法(生齐答：比较法)什么叫比较法呢(幻灯出示：比较法就是通过观察、体会，找出两种或两种以上同类事物的异同或高下，从而把它们区别开来的方法，用比较法学习可以增强记忆，提高学习效率。) 2、26个字母读音的比较： (幻灯出示26个大写字母。)这是26个字母，谁来读一读。(指名读，若生读拼音，就肯定鼓励，你学了英语，还牢记着拼音音序记，很好;若生读英语，就引导：你为什么读英语?请读拼音好吗!生读拼音。) 我们有的同学，学了英语后，只要一看见这些字母，就念英语，要他读拼音的音序反而不会，要知道我们是中国人，汉语拼音是我们学习汉语的'基础，是祖国的母语，怎么能忘呢?为了复习拼音并区别拼音与英语，这节课我们来上活动课26个字母。板书课题：26个字母同学们学了英语，容易把英语和拼音混淆，这不怪大家;学了英语，对拼音有所遗忘，这也正常。因为我们随着汉字掌握得越来越多，运用拼音的时间就越来越少;而学英语则不同，这种纯拼音文字都是由这26个字母组成的，学得越多，就越熟。这就使得我们容易混淆拼音与英语，甚至忘掉拼音，那是不是就任其混淆，任其遗忘呢?当然不能。(闪现26个大写字母)这26个字母是我们的汉语拼音音序字母，汉语拼音教我们识字，是我们学习汉语的看家本领，我们可千万不能忘。喜欢英语是好事，但要记住：“喜新不厌旧，学洋别忘本”。