牛津版高中英语第八讲

in the act of 正做......的过程中

辨析act, action , activity

action 意为“行动，行为”。该词偏重于抽象的行为，往往占时较长，包括不同步骤。其复数形式actions泛指人的“行为”，常与words（言语）对举。

activity 意为“活动性，能动性，活跃”，该词常用复数，意为“活动，所做的事情”。act 作名次时意为“行为，动作”，指具体的、短暂的、个别的行为，有时可与action 通用。

辨析act, perform , do , behave

act 作不及物动词时意思是“做，表现，行动，行事”，多用于带有副词、副词短语、形容词补语的陈述句中，或用于表示专门行为的疑问句中，表示动作的状态。behave 是不及物动词，意思是“行为、表现、举止”，主要用于人和以道德标准衡量的人的行为，有时和反身代词连用表示“规规矩矩”。

do 是表示“做”的最普通的用词，一般用作及物动词。

perform 用作及物动词时作“执行，进行，履行”讲，其宾语多为表现工作、任务、职责等的名词。

例句

Many sodiers of both sides were killed in action.

双方都有许多士兵死于战斗。

Too many extracurricular activities take up too much of our precious time for study. 课外活动太多,占去了我们很多宝贵的学习时间。

He acted his part well.

他扮演的那个角色很成功。

You behaved despicably!

你的行为真卑鄙!

Ramona does a lot of jobs in the house, but her sister doesn't.

雷蒙娜在家里做很多活，可是她妹妹却不做。

The singer performed beautifully.

这个歌手唱得好极了。

典型试题

The _ took place in a village.

故事发生在一个乡村。

A.act

B.action

C.activity

A newly-devised microcomputer can _ as a guide to a blind person.

一种新设计的微型计算机能够充任盲人的向导。

holiday(holidays),leave,vacation 这三个词都有“假日(期)”的意思，但含义用法并不相同。

holiday(holidays)一般指“休假”

Tom and I are going to have a holiday.

我和汤姆准备去度假。

I've already had my holidays this year.

我今年已经度过假了。

During a holiday in Sweden,I found this note on my car.

在瑞典度假期间，我在我的车子上发现了这张字条。

Postcards always spoil my holidays.

明信片总是弄得我过不好假日。

My holidays passed quickly,but I did not send any cards to my friends.

我的假日过的很快，但是我一张明信片也没有寄给朋友。

注：have a (或one's)holiday 度假，during a holiday 在一次假期中。这种用法的holiday 总用单数形式，但并不只是“一天”假。复数形式的holidays 泛指“假日”，如summer holidays 暑假。但“Sunday is a holiday ”中的holiday 却是“一天”的假。

leave 指“请假”，被批准后离开自己的工作的一段时间

He stays at home on sick leave.

他请了病假呆在家里。

He asked for a six months' leave.

他请了6个月的假。

而vacation 在英国指大学的寒暑假或法定不工作的日子，美国可指任何假日（期）The students are planning how to spend their summer vacation.

这些大学生在计划着怎样过暑假。

Mr. Fuller is on vacation now.

I suppose it my duty to help those in poverty. 我认为帮助那些处于贫困中

的人是我的义务。

2. suppose 可用于“be supposed ＋不定式”的结构。

①be supposed to do sth. ＝should do sth. 意为“应该/ 理应做某事”，表示被期望或被要求（按规则、惯例）做某事。

We are supposed to help each other. 我们理应互相帮助。（要求）

You are supposed to hand in your papers before class is over. 希望你下课前

交卷子。（期望）

②be not supposed to do sth. 常用来表示不允许或禁止做某事，表示委婉的禁止。

Students are not supposed to play football in the classroom. 学生不允许在教

室里踢足球。

③be supposed to have done ＝should have done ＝ought to have done

表示“过去本该做某事但实际上未做”。

The train is supposed to have arrived an hour ago. 火车应该在1 小时前到达。

3. suppose 可用过去完成时表示“未曾实现的愿望”。

We had supposed that we would be able to see more of Shanghai, but time didn't permit. 我们本打算能多看看上海，但时间却不允许了。

注意：与suppose 这种用法相同的还有：hope, think, expect, mean, want, intend, plan （一些表示心理状态的动词）等。

4. suppose 可用于“suppose ＋that （从句）”句型。

What makes you suppose (that) I'm against it? 你根据什么认为我反对这件

事？

It was generally supposed that it would not happen again. 一般认为此事不会

再发生。

5. 由suppose 引导的宾语从句，如果主句的主语是第一人称I 或we ，并且主句谓语是一般现在时态，从句的否定一般要转移到主句上来，其反意疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。

I don't suppose for a minute that he'll agree. 我认为他决不同意。

We don't suppose they will say sorry to her, will they? 我们认为他们不会对她

说对不起，是吧？

注意：与suppose 这种用法相同的还有：think, believe, imagine, expect 等。

6. suppose 可用于简略答语中，用so 代替一个肯定的宾语从句；用not 代替一个否定的宾语从句。

— Do you suppose he'll fail to catch the train?

—你认为他会错过火车吗？

—I suppose so./ I suppose not. （＝I don't suppose so. ）

—我想会的。/ 我想不会。

注意：与suppose 这种用法相同的还有：think, believe, expect, imagine 等。但应注意hope 和be afraid 则不同于以上的用法。

— Will he win the game?

—Yes, I hope so./No, I hope not. （不能用I don't hope so. ）

7. suppose 可用于插入语中。

①do you suppose 用作插入语，用来征询对方对某事的看法，常放在疑问词的后面，并且句子要用陈述语序。

What do you suppose made her so angry? 你认为什么事使她如此生气？When do you suppose we shall begin our class? 你认为我们什么时候开始上课？

注意：与suppose 这种用法相同的还有：believe, expect, think, imagine, guess 等。

②I suppose 也可用作插入语，表示说话者的态度或看法，常用于句中或句末。You don't mind my smoking, I suppose? 我想你不会介意我抽烟吧？

She'll be there today, I suppose. 我想她今天能到那儿去。

8. suppose ( ＝supposing) 可引导条件状语从句，意为“如果，假如”。Suppose ( ＝Supposing) he is absent, what shall we do? 假如他缺席，我们怎么办？

注意：如果想表示“即使”，应用supposing 而不用suppose 。Supposing you miss him, he is not likely to miss you. 即使你碰不到他，他也可能碰到你。

注意：suppose 或supposing 引导的条件状语从句应用一般现在时代替将来时。

9. suppose 用来表示建议，常用在祈使句中，意为“……怎么样”。Suppose we go to the seaside for the weekend. 我们去海边度周末怎么样？［练习］

1. I don't suppose anyone will volunteer, _____________?

A. do I

B. don't I

C. will they

D. won't they

2. Suppose he _________ the truth, how shall we deal with him?

A. won't tell

B. didn't tell

C. doesn't tell

D. hadn't told

3. I suppose ___________. Which one is wrong?

A. your daughter very beautiful

B. your daughter to be very beautiful

C. that your daughter is very beautiful

D. your daughter's being very beautiful

4. The professor also mentioned an article __________ by Lu Xun.

A. supposed to have been written

B. supposed to be writing

C. supposing to have been written

D. supposing to be written

5. — You ___________ part in the party in time.

— Sorry, I was delayed by the accident.

A. are supposed to take

B. have supposed to take

C. are supposed to have taken

D. supposed to take

6. He was supposed ___________ a college graduate but he knew nothing of history.

A. to be

B. being

C. to have been

D. having been

7. If you go to Xi'an, you'll find the places there more magnificent than commonly ________.

A. supposing

B. supposed

C. to suppose

D. suppose

Keys: CCDACAB

do with 常与连接代词what 连用，而deal with 常与连接副词how 连用，如：1 . I don?t know how they deal with the problem . (= I don…t know what they do with the problem . )我不知道他们如何处理这个问题。

2 . He is easy to deal with . (= He is easy to do with . 这时“do”是不及物动词)

他是容易相处的人。这两个词组在使用时有细微的差别。一般地说，do with 表示“处置”、“忍受”、“相处”、“有关”等。如：

1 . They found a way to do with the elephant . 他们找到对付那头大象的办法了。

2 . We can?t do with such carelessness . 我们不能容忍这种粗枝大叶的作风。

3 . We are difficult to do with the new comer . 我们很难与新来的那个人相处。

4 . I have nothing to do with him . 我跟他无任何关系。

deal with

deal with 意义很广，常表示“对付”、“应付”、“处理”、“安排”、“论述”、“涉及”等。如：

1 . They could properly deal with all kinds of situations . 他能恰当地应付各种

局面。

2 . Deal with a man as he deals with you . 以其人之道，还治其人之身。

3 . This is a book dealing with Asian problems . 这是一本论述亚洲问题的书。

4 . They have learned to deal with various persons . 他们学会了和各种人打交道。

It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows

________ .

A.it what to do with

B.what to do it with

C.what to do with it

D.to do what with it

explain

leave （听任其在某处；使保持某状态）。通常用于一些复合结构中，如：“ leave+ 宾语＋形容词/ 分词/ 不定式等”以及短语leave … alone （不理会；不管）。如：

The teacher left little Tom standing all the time.

老师让小汤姆一直站着。

Leave him to do it himself.

把……归咎于(to, on, upon)；要(价)，收(费) n．主管，负责；委托；费用，价钱，要价；控告，指责

in charge of负责，管理

take charge of 负责，看管

in/under the charge of 在……看管(负责)之下

leave sb in charge of sth 让某人负责某事

free of charge 免费

charge for 对……索费

charge sb with sth 因某事而控告某人

be in the charge of sb

＝be in sb’s charge

由某人负责，由某人照料、管理

charge sb money for sth

(就……)向某人索取……费用

【词语辨析】

sight,scene, scenery, view都有“景象”的含义。

1)scene指展现在眼前的情景，也可以指scenery的一部分，大多包括景物中的人及活动在内。

2)scenery指某地总的自然风景或景色，尤指美丽的乡间景色。

3)view常指从远处或高处看到的scenery的一部分，也指从某一位置所看到的景色。

4)sight既可以指场景、眼前看到的景观，又可以指名胜、风景，只是在表示后者的含义时，必须要用复数形式。

【活学活用】

用scenery, view, sight与scene的适当形式填空

(1)The after the earthquake was horrible.

(2)The as one travels by boat along the Changjiang Three Gorges is marvelous.

(3)The mountain hotel offered magnificent .

(4)He saw some amazing at the zoo.

come/appear/enter on the scene 出现在舞台上；登场，出场；[喻]出现，受到人们注意

go out

We could see nothing in the hotel because all the lights

suddenly_________.

A.went off

B.gave up

C.went out

D.gave in

[A]go off

v.离开, 去世, 消失, 睡去, 爆炸, 被发射, 进行, 变质

[B]give up

v.放弃(念头、希望等), 停止, 抛弃, 认输, 把...送交, <口>对...绝望(=give up)

[C]go out

v.出去, 熄灭, 过时, 罢工, 向往, 辞职, 倒塌

[D]give in

v.投降, 屈服, 让步, 交上, 宣布

not ...any more

He is no more a little boy.

=He is no longer a little boy.

=He is not a little boy any more.

=He is not a little boy any longer.

no more=no longer=not...any more=not...any longer不再

now that

1now that既然；由于

in that 基于……的理由，因为(引导原因状语从句)

on condition that 条件是(引导条件状语从句)

providing/provided that 在……情况或条件下；假若；倘若；除非(引导条件状语从句)

【活学活用】

(1)________ he has decided to come to see you, ________ he will come? A．Now that; do you think B．As; where you think

C．When; whoever D．Since; when do you think

(2)You may be allowed to watch TV ________ you ________ your homework. A．even if; finish B．on condition that; have finished

C．in case; finish D．in order that; finish

(3)________ you?ve got such a good chance, you should make full use of it. A．Although B．As soon as C．Now that D．Before

(4)Human beings are different from animals ________ they can use language as a tool to communicate.

A．in that B．for that C．in which D．for which (5)—What do you think of finding a part?time job at college?

—Good idea, in my opinion, ________ it doesn?t affect your stu dies. A．now that B．in case C．providing that D．unlessbecause用于最直接的因果，以及回答why提问的句子；

since表示“既然”，无直接因果，是双方都明白的因果关系.上课老师举的例子是“鸡叫了，天亮了”。具体怎么说这句话现在不太记得了，好像是：“It's morning now since the cock cried.”

as是因果意思最淡的一个词。

for 不可用于句首

now that 表示“既然这样，那么...”

eg: Now that he did come to help, we have to do it ourselves.

既然他不帮忙，那我们就自己做。

24. The 60th National Day is approaching, _____ people expect to witness the grandest celebration ever in New China.

A. when

B. how

C. so that

D. now that

upset

词性

a.upset可以当形容词，形容某人很心烦意乱

The teacher is very upset!

b.upset也可以当动词，指某人使某人心烦意乱

The student upsets the teacher.

【词语辨析】

suggest与advise

可说advise sb to do sth 但不能说suggest sb to do sth; suggest的名词形式suggestion是可数名词，但advice的名词形式advice是不可数名词。

补充：方式状语从句中的虚拟语气

例如：

They began to talk warmly as if they had known each other for long. 他们开始热烈的谈论起来就好像他们已相互认识很久了。

He coughed twice as if someone should come. 他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来

vt.接触，触及，触摸；达到；感动n. 触摸；触觉；少许

touched adj. 受感动的

touching adj. 动人的，令人同情的

a touching/moving film 一部感人的影片

lose touch with sb 与某人失去联系(动作)

be out of touch with sb 与某人失去联系(状态)

keep/stay/be in touch with sb 与某人保持联系

【活学活用】

(1)他的悲惨故事深深打动了我们的心。His sad story our hea rts deeply.

(2)一曲优美而温婉动人的乐曲传到了我们耳边。

A lovely melody, tender and ,_floated down to us.

(3)我们至今已有数年未与罗杰来往了。

1.一般不用于祈使句，如：

误：Forbid her to go out.

正：Tell her not to go out. 叫她出去。

2.其后可接双宾语，意为“禁止或不准某人（使用或进入）……”。如：

His wife forbids him wine. 他老婆不准他喝酒。

He forbade his children sweets because he didn’t want their teeth to be ruined. 他不准孩子们吃糖，因为他不想他们的牙齿受损坏。

比较同义句型：

He forbade me his car.=He forbade me the use of his car.=He forbade me to use his car. 他不准我用他的小车。

3.后接动词作宾语时，该动词要用动名词，不用不定式。如：

He forbids smoking during office hours. 他不允许在上班时间抽烟。

动名词前有时可以有自己的逻辑主语。如：

I can’t forbid your see ing that man again. 我无法禁止你再和那个男人来往。

注意，其后虽然不直接跟不定式，但可跟不定式的复合结构。如：

I forbid you to tell anyone. 我不准你告诉任何人。

The doctor forbids him to smoke. 医生禁止他吸烟。

表示“禁止某人做某事”，英语可用prevent (stop, keep, prohibit) sb from doing sth，但是forbid不能用于该句型；若要表示类似意思，可用forbid sb to do

(1)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和系动词be。如：

While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called.

He opened his lips as if (he were) to speak.

(2)当从句中的主语是it，谓语动词中又含有系动词be时，可将it和be一起省略，此时构成“连词(if, unless, when, whenever)＋形容词”的结构。如：Unless (it is) necessary, you?d better not refer to the dictionary.

【活学活用】

(1)We all know that, ________，the situation will get worse.

A．not if dealt carefully with B．if not carefully dealt with

C．if dealt not carefully with D．not if carefully dealt with

(2)When ________ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.

A．Compared B．being compared

C．Comparing D．having compared

(3)Though ________ many times, he didn?t know how to work out the difficult maths problem.

A．Told B．being told

C．to be told D．having been told

．跟踪训练

1．The message is very important, so it is supposed ________ as soon as possible.

A．to be sent B．to send C．being sent D．sending 2．[2009?全国卷Ⅰ] Could I speak to ________ is in charge of International Sales, please?

A．who B．what C．whoever D．whatever 3．Bill suggested ________ a meeting on what to do for the old people during the vacation.

A．having held B．to hold C．holding D．hold 4．You’d better not leave the medicine ________ kids can get it.

A．even if B．which C．where D．so that 5．—Have you got any idea for the summer vacation?

—I don?t mind where we go ________ there?s sun, sea and beach.

A．as though B．as long as C．now that D．in order

6．[2009?湖北卷] During the war there was a serious lack of food. It was not unusual that even the wealthy families had to ________ bread for days. A．eat up B．give away C．do without D．deal with

7．[2010?福建卷] Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock,

________ supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake.

A．sending B．to send C．having sent D．to have sent

8．In America, one of the top reasons ________ for not taking a vacation is that it’s too much extra work.

A．giving B．given C．being given D．to be given

9．[2010?全国卷Ⅱ] Though ________ to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.

A．surprising B．was surprised C．surprised

D．being surprised

10．[2010?山东卷] I ________ have watched that movie—it’ll give me horrible dreams.

A．shouldn’t B．needn’t C．couldn’t D．mustn’t

11．John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ________，he gladly accepted it.

A．finished B．finishing C．having finished D．was finished 12．Peter failed to pass this exam. He regretted ________ too much time

________ computer games.

A．to waste; to play B．wasting; playing

C．to waste; playing D．wasting; to play

13．In order not to be disturbed, I spent three hours ________ in my study.

A．locking B．to be locked C．to lock

D．locked

14．The old lady insisted that the young man ________ her purse and insisted on ________ him to the police station.

A．had stolen; send B．should steal; to send

C．had stolen; sending D．steal; sending

15．Mary, we left you in ________charge of the room, but now it’s in ________ mess.

A．the; a B．/; a

C．the; / D．/; the

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1．It was 10 in the morning, but the c of the room were still closed. 2．I won’t let such bad behavior go u .

3．What makes you s him to be connected with them?

4．What a v present it is! I really can’t accept it.

5．He finally won his f after twenty years in jail.

6．It was so (令人厌烦的)a speech that most of the audience paid no attention to it.

7．Photography is strictly (禁止) in the museum.

8．(成年人) should set good examples to their children.

9．He is a very (自私的) person who always thinks of himself. 10．Nowadays (青少年) have hardly experienced hardship. 11．He fell asleep as soon as his head t the pillow.

12．The branch b but didn’t break when the boy climbed along it.

13．I’ll just (使处于某种状态) the engine running while I go in. 14．It was not our (过错) that we were late.

15．The children learned about the r between the moon and the tides.

苏教出版牛津高级中学英语语法归纳

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高中英语模块一UNIT3 一、重要单词： 1.make make up 编造；化妆make out 看出，辨认出；理解；填写，写出，拼凑 make up for 弥补be made up of(=consist of) 由……组成 make up one’s mind下定决心，打定主意 2.stay/remain stay up late 熬夜stay young/healthy 保持年轻/健康remain (to be) very weak 任然很虚弱3.exercise take more exercise 多锻炼 a good form of exercise 一个良好的训练形式 do a lot of exercises in English grammar 进行大量的英语语法练习 do morning/eye exercises 做早操/眼保健操 4.die die from……(polluted air,overwork) 死于（外因） die of……(cancer,grief,hunger,anger) 死于（内因） be dying for sth/to do sth. 渴望做某事deadly disease 致命的疾病 die happy 安乐死die out 绝种die down （风力、声音等）渐渐消失，平息，变弱5.辨析：another 同类的另一个，接可数名词单数或接数词加可数名词复数 the other 常用语one……the other…… the others （有范围的）其他的 others （无范围的）其他的 6.辨析：especially 尤其（=particularly） particularly 尤其（in particular）；对……挑剔（be particularly about） 【注：particular in spring 尤其在春天（不能用especially）】specially 特别、专程（例如at a special price） 7.weigh[v.] weight[n.] weighty[adj.] put on weight 增重lose weight 减肥 weigh two kg 重达两千克（不用被动语态）have one’s luggage weighed 给行李称过重 8.agree agree to do sth. 同意做某事agree that……同意…… agree with one’s ideas/what sb. does 同意某人的观点/所做的事 agree to……(term,plan,proposal,suggestion,advice) 同意/接受 agree on……在……上达成共识 9.recover[v.] recovery[n.] recover from……从……中恢复过recover oneself 恢复神智 recover sth. from 从中找回某物；重新获得 10.match match sb. in sth. 在某方面比得过某人match……=go with 和……相配 a good match for 对……来说很得体strike a match 擦火柴 11.辨析：damage毁坏，损害，损失，不如destroy严重，且一定程度上可恢复 destroy （毁灭性的）破坏，程度很深 harm 对……有害（do harm to），暗示不良后果 ruin 破坏（美好的东西）（in ruins变成废墟）

高中英语牛津译林版模块十一课文原文unit1

牛津译林版模块十一 Unit 1 Reading So many jobs to choose from！ by Dai Lingling The last year of high school is a time for hard work and also a time to reflect. At this time, you have to start thinking about the future and what you want to do after graduation. In this article, I am going to discuss some of the choices available to you and which jobs are best suited to you: popular jobs, more unusual jobs or everyday jobs. When choosing a career, you should consider all the aspects of a job. Some jobs may seem very dull but are very important to society, while others can appear very exciting but are actually very difficult and boring. One example is the so-called ‘glamorous job’ of being a model or an actor. Would you like to be famous,wear diamonds, go to parties and relax on cushions in private jets or helicopters? In reality, these people have to spend long hours travelling ,with all their baggage packed in suitcases or trunks, and only a very small number of them are successful. Many actors, actresses and models hold ordinary, less glamorous jobs, often working as waiters and waitresses, in order to support themselves. Meanwhile, those who are successful and famous have to deal with constant media attention. They are also under huge pressure to appear young and beautiful. Most actors and models are always on a diet, and many have had painful operations to make their faces and bodies look more attractive. It does not seem that glamorous now, does it? Maybe a career as a local grocer would be a better option. Other popular professions for young people include careers in law or business. Many people have ambitions to become successful as a lawyer or business person, but they do not consider the stress and pressure that come with these jobs. These can be well-paid and interesting jobs, but you also have to work very long hours. Also, sometimes as a boss in the business world, you have to make difficult decisions that hurt people, and lawyers can face tough moral problems. On the other hand, some people find more unusual jobs that are better suited to their talents and interests. A few years ago, when I was walking in the Grand Canyon National Park in the USA, I met a man who had a very unusual job. He was living by a stream in a tent surrounded by technical equipment, and his only neighbors were the birds and squirrels in the nearby trees. His job was to check noise pollution in the park zone. He loved to camp, and his job was like a holiday for him. It was very easy to see that he enjoyed doing his job. There are many other people doing unusual jobs, such as a person who tastes beer at a brewery and probably consumes one litre of beer a week, a person who designs fireworks and a person who tests rides for amusement parks. All these people love their jobs, which might not be popular, but are interesting regardless. In the same way, many ordinary jobs may look plain, but they are necessary to society. As we go through our daily lives, we meet many different kinds of people----shopkeepers, who sell us