当前位置：文档库 › 高考英语高中英语语法之【名词性从句】

高考英语高中英语语法之【名词性从句】

名词性从句

第一节基本知识与基本概念

【什么是名词性从句？】

上一章，我们了解的是定语从句，加上我们以前了解的宾语从句和状语从句，好像“名词性从句”这个概念本身就和我们所熟知的概念不是一路货色。没错。请看下表：

只是，在平时老师讲课时，形容词性从句和副词性从句并没有形成气候罢了。相比之下，名词性从句由于“家丁兴旺”而大行其道。但是，作为学生，我们有必要了解这些基本概念的来龙去脉。【主语从句】

顾名思义，主语从句在句子中作主语。有时本身出现在主语的位置上，也有时出于句子结构的考虑退到句子的尾部，前面用形式主语it代替。从句作主语时，谓语动词一般为单数形式。如: What I saw was beyond any verbal description.

That his hair was turning grey worried him a bit.

Why the company denied the contract is still unknown.

When and where the government will build a city square is under discussion.

It is pretty annoying that a small part of the machine is missing.

It remains to be seen whether the new novel will be well received.

【宾语从句】

在句子中作宾语的从句就是宾语从句。由于这是同学们接触比较早的一种从句，应该问题不大。所以在近年的高考题中，以宾语从句的知识作为考点的题目较少。但是，宾语从句也有自己的特殊情况，如介词的宾语，形容词的宾语，宾语从句提前和并列的宾语从句等现象。如：

We assumed that there would be more than 100 guests.

He told the police in detail what he saw and heard.

Nobody is sure what humans will look like in a million years.

That will depend on whether they can get the chance.

Whether I will have the time I am not sure at the moment.

The conductor complained that we were not gifted in singing and that he would never come again.

【表语从句】

表语从句的最重要脸谱就是它们应该出现在系动词的后面。如：

The only question left is how often the workers are paid.

His idea for the coming weekend is that we go skating.

【同位语从句】

从脸谱上看，同位语从句最为麻烦。因为它们也是出现在一个名词的后面，起着解释说明的作用。有点像定语从句。这个点是许多学生容易混淆的地方。但是，只有我们能把握住关键，即：定语从句的先行词在从句中必须作一个成分，并且这个成分应该是个空白，也就是说，定语从句必须缺少成分。这一点恰恰是同位语从句所不能做到的。同位语从句前面的名词在从句中是没有位置的。况且，也不是所有的名词后面都会跟同位语从句，只有那些“有内容的名词”才需要解释。如fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, belief, thought, doubt等。如：

That fact that the policeman didn’t fire at the man at all was ignored.

Do you have any idea what is going on in the classroom.

The possibility that we can work at home makes everybody excited.

尽管同学们在这个方面有诸多问题，但好消息还是有的，在新出台的《山东省高考考试说明》中，同位语从句不在必考的名单之中。大家可以放心了。

【连接代词、连接副词和连接词】

通过以上介绍，我们可以看出，四种名词性从句都需要有一个连接性词在从句的开头。这个词是什么性质，要看它在从句中作作的成分，如果作的是主语、宾语、表语的话，这个词就是连接代词；如果作的是各种状语，就叫连接副词；如果不作任何成分，就叫连接词。如下表：

连接词that, if, whether

引导名词性从句

的连接词连接代词who, whom, what, whose, which, whichever, whatever, whoever

连接副词when, where, how, why

第二节考点分类解析

【考点一：语序问题】

名词性从句的语序问题一直断断续续地在各地高考题目中出现，由此可见其重要性。其实说来非常简单易记：永远陈述语气。即名词性从句中不会出现助动词提前的现象。如：

Who he is doesn’t matter much.

When and where we shall have the sports meet is a question.

I don’t know what his name is.

I don’t know what is wrong with him. = I don’t know what is the matter with him.

You can’t imagine how excited I was at that time.

Can you tell me what size shoes you wear?

No one can be sure ______ in a million years. （MET1991）

A. what will man look like

B. what man will look like

C. man will look like what

D. what look will man like

答案：B。这个题就是典型的考查宾语从句的语序问题。根据以上所述，应该是陈述语序。所以A、C 两个选项就不可能了。而D选项明显不符合我们的语言习惯。

【考点二：that和what的区别问题】

能引导名词性从句的关系代词有who, whom, what, whose, which, whichever, whatever, whoever八个。为何单独讲what的用法呢？重要！在考试中出现的频率高！在本书第一章《定语从句》中，我们提到过，what是不能引导定语从句的。定语从句中如果缺少的成分是主语、宾语、表语，我们选择的是关系代词that或其他。现在山头换了，到了名词性从句的知识范围了。What在名词性从句中就很有用武之地了。还是分析成分，what 在从句中作的主语、宾语、表语。而that只是一个“连接词”，既不作什么成分，也没有什么意义。如:

What you did doesn’t agree with what you promised.

What he couldn’t understand was why his teacher was never satisfied with him.

The matter of salary is what I care most if I decide to change my profession.

What we can’t get always seems better than what we have already got.

I think that your composition is no better than his.

That you don’t love her is not my business.

What we have seen is different from _______.

A. we heard

B. we have heard

C. what we heard

D. what we have heard

答案：D。我们应该可以看出这是个宾语从句。从句中hear是个及物动词，缺少宾语。所以，应该选有what引导的从句。而不能是that或者省略了that的情况。

I cou ldn’t agree with ______ at the meeting.

A. that you said

B. which you said

C. all what you said

D. what you said

答案：Ｄ。与上一题相同，这也是一个考查宾语从句的题目。从句中的say是个及物动词，

缺少宾语。所以，应该选择what引导的宾语从句。但是，这个题目最容易错的选

项是Ｃ。因为有些同学会认为all是先行词，而后面时what引导的定语从句。

但是，从上一章的讲解我们应该学会what是不引导定语从句的。所以，Ｃ根本就是

不存在的。

【考点三：that和whether的区别问题】

有时候，它们两个比较难以区别，因为，它们都是连接词，都在从句中不作成分。但是，它们之间最大的区别在于“意义”。即that在从句中既不作成分，也没有自己的意义；而whether就不同了。它虽然不在从句中作什么成分，但是它又意义，即“是否”。这就能够左右从句的意思，使从句所表达的意思变成一个还没有确定的因素。如：

I don’t know whether he can join us or not.

I’m sure that he can join us.

It is none of your business whether I love her.

It is none of your business that I don’t love her.

综上所述，区分that还是whether，重要一点就是看主句需要从句表达一个什么意思，是确定的，还是不确定的；是事实还是疑问。前者选that，后者选whether。如：

I have no doubt _____ Mr. Johnson will make it here on time.

A. that

B. whether

C. why

D. when

答案：Ａ。这个题之所以选择that，就是因为前面的I have no doubt（毫无疑问），这样

的主句已经不再需要从句表达什么“是否”了。

No one can be sure _____ the board will accept our conditions.

A. that

B. whether

C. why

D. what

答案：Ｂ。这个题中的No one can be sure（没有人能肯定）就要求从句表达一个“董

事会能否接受我们的条件”的意思，而不能是一个既定的事实。

【考点四：if和whether的区别问题】

二者在引导宾语从句时都有“是否”之意。但并不是永远可以互换。一般认为，二者可

以互换的环境也只有在宾语从句中。如：

He didn’t give us explicit reply whether/if he will attend our wedding ceremony.

而在介词的宾语从句中，在主语从句中，在表语从句中，在同位语从句中，在和不定式搭配的结构中等等，习惯上只能用whether。如：

1. _______ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. （1996）

A. If

B. Whether

C. That

D. Where

答案：Ｂ。这是主语从句。

2. The question of _______ they are old or young is not important.

A. which

B. whether

C. how

D. if

答案：Ｂ。这是介词of的宾语从句。

3. The question is ______ the film is worth seeing.

A. if

B. what

C. whether

D. how

答案：Ｃ。这是表语从句。

4. He doesn’t know ______ to stay or not.

A. if

B. when

C. whether

D. how

答案：Ｃ。这里是和不定式搭配。

5. The news _____ our team has won the match is unknown.

A. which

B. if

C. whether

D. then

答案：Ｃ。这是同位语从句，解释说明news。

值得注意的是：有些资料依然强调if不能与or not搭配的问题。过去有过这样的规定，只是在现代英语中，已经不再强调了而已。现在认为if… or not也可以接受。

【考点五：wh-词和wh-ever的区别问题】

一般认为，wh-词在引导从句时，依然保留了很大部分的疑问词的本色，所以，它们引导的从句在意思上应该表达的是一个“问题”，如：“谁？什么？何时？何地？为何？怎么？”等。而wh-ever已经没有这层色彩，不再关心这样的“问题”，而是充满了让步的意味，多有“无论．．．”之意。如：The police wanted to know who will benefit most from the old man’s death.

警方想知道谁将从老人的去世中受益最多。

Whoever will benefit from the old man’s death will be questioned by the police.

能从老人的去世之中受益的所有人都将受到警方的盘问。

Who will be sent to help the people in the flooded areas hasn’t been announced.

谁将被派往洪灾区去救援还没有宣布。

Whoever will be sent to work in the flooded areas will spare no effort to help

the people in need. 不管是谁被派往灾区救援都会全力以赴地帮助灾民。

【考点六：no matter wh-和wh-ever的区别问题】

二者都有“无论．．．”之意。在引导让步状语从句时确实可以互换，没有什么区别。但是，no matter wh-只能引导状语从句，不能引导名词性从句。Wh-ever则二者兼收，来去自由。由此包含与被包含的关系决定，二者同时出现而必选其一时，答案肯定是wh-ever。如：

Whoever breaks the rules will be punished. (主语从句)

Whoever/ No matter who breaks the rules, he/she will be punished. (状语从句)

Don’t believe whatever he tells you. (宾语从句)

Don’t believe him, whatever/ no matter what he tells you. (状语从句)

【考点七：名词性从句中的虚拟语气问题】

先看宾语从句的虚拟语气。一般说来，如果从句作的是表示说话人某种观点、态度或要求等语气的动词的宾语时，从句中要求用should＋动词原形的虚拟语气（should经常可以省略）。这些动词常见的有：desire, demand, require, request, order, propose, command, advise, suggest等。如：

例：He insisted that she （should）spend more time studying.

He demanded that we （should）be on time.

The boss required that all waiters (should) keep standing all day long.

The publishing house suggested that I (should) type my book out.

有两个特例是高中老师不愿意错过的。那就是suggest和insist。它们俩后面的宾语从句是否用虚拟语气还要看具体语境来定。如：

The doctor suggested that I had a cold。

(这个suggest的意思是“解释，说明”。后面不用虚拟语气)

The big smiles on her face suggested that she had passed the test.

(这个suggest的意思是“表明”。后面不用虚拟语气)

The doctor suggested that I (should) stay in bed for a few day.

(这个suggest的意思是“建议”。后面用虚拟语气)

The young man insisted that he was well enough to serve in the army.

(这个insist坚持的是一个事实不是一种观点。后面不用虚拟语气)

That young man insisted that he should be sent to the front.

(这个insist坚持的是一种观点，即“他应该被派往前线”。后面用虚拟语气)

以上是宾语从句中的虚拟语气现象。如果是其他三种名词性从句，只要和上述动词有关，也享受同样的待遇。如：

The headquarter s’ suggestion is that we (should) wait for another few days. (表语从句)

His order that all the soldiers (should) swim across the river was refused. (同位语从句)

It is strongly recommended that you (should) take a taxi. (主语从句)

另外，在下面这几个特殊的句型中，后面的主语从句也用虚拟语气。

a. It is important/ necessary/ natural/ a wonder/ essential（必要的）/suggested that…should do…如：

It is important that you （should）be on time.

It is necessary that you (should) exercise regularly.

b. I wish that … did…. 如：

I wish I were a bird.

I wish one day I could live on the moon.

c. I’d rather that… did…如：

I’d rather you did it yourself.

I’d rather I hadn’t lent you that bicycle yesterday.

【考点八：宾语从句的反意疑问句的问题】

众所周知，反意疑问句是由句子的谓语和主语的代词形式共同构成。如：

He is ignorant, isn’t he?

He isn’t strong, is he?

但是，如果前面的句子中含有宾语从句，怎么办？答案是一定针对主句的主语、谓语。如：

You know he is ignorant, don’t you?

I told you he isn’t strong, didn’t I?

有一种例外，当主句的主语是I,且谓语动词是表示观点的动词如think, believe, suppose, expect, am afraid等时，就只能针对从句反问了。因为没有人会对自己的观点吗上进行反诘。如：

I think he is ignorant, isn’t he?

I believe he isn’t strong, is he?

【考点九：it在名词性从句中的作用问题】

代词it的用法有很多。但近几年的高考关注的却比较集中，即it作为普通回指代词的用法和在名词性从句中作形式宾语和形式主语的用法。如：

作形式主语：

It worried me a bit that he didn’t phone.

It occurred to me that she might have forgotten the date.

It doesn’t matter when you arrive--- just come when you can.

It wasn’t clear to anyone why he didn’t come.

It was surprising how many unhappy marriages there are.

作形式宾语：

I made it clear that I was determined to carry out the plan.

I find it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken English.

I think it important that we should keep calm.

Don’t take it for granted that your parents should do everything for you.

He doesn’t want it to be known that he’s going away.

You may depend upon it that all the goods will be delivered in time.

【考点十：主语从句和强调句型的混淆问题】

从表面上看，it作形式主语的主语从句有时候和强调句型有些相似。如：

It is impossible that we can persuade him to join us. (主语从句)

It is with Tom’s help that we were able to persuade him to join us. (强调句型)

其实，强调句型其实很简单，即在It is/was 与that之间放上我们想要强调的某个句子成分。大部分考题都是考查that的选择问题。即考查考生判断某句是否是强调句型的问题。这个看似容易的问题在出题人的多种变化之下有时也会变得很令人头疼。下面是几种常见的出题形式：1．基本式：

It was on the top of the mountain that we met the foreign tourist.

2. 一般疑问句式：

Was it on the top of the mountain that you met the foreign tourist?

3. 特殊疑问句式：

Where was it that you met the foreign tourist?

4．复合句式：

Can you tell me where it was that you met the foreign tourist?

5．套定语从句式：

It was in the house which was built by his father that he was born.

6. 套定语从句加省略式：

--- Where did you meet the foreign tourist?

--- It was in the hotel where we lived (that we met the foreign tourist).

判断一个句子是否是强调句型是个关键。这里重要思路是当去掉强调句型、各个成分各归其位以后，该句子是否还成立。下面几个例子就不是强调句型：

It was not yet seven o’clock when he came back last night.

因为，*He came back last night not yet seven o’clock.就不是个正确的句子。

--- I heard that Tom was once almost drowned. When was that?

--- It was in 2000 when he was swimming in a pool.

同理，*He was swimming in a pool in 2000. 从逻辑上看也不成立。因为，我们不可能一整年都在游泳。

第三节巩固练习

（一）、【夯实基础】

1. America was ________ was ca lled “India” by Columbus.

A. that

B. where

C. what

D. the place

2. --- I’d like to invite you to a concert this evening.

--- Thank you, but ______ I’ll be free I’m not sure at the moment.

A. while

B. if

C. when

D. whether

3.I kept looking at the man, wondering ______________.

A. whether I have seen him before

B. where I had seen him before

C. that I had seen him before

D. when I had seen him before

4.You have not yet answered my question ________ I can join in the party tonight.

A. whether

B. if

C. which

D. that

5. Information has been put forward _______ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.

A. while

B. that

C. when

D. as

6. A computer can only do _______ you have instructed it to do.

A. how

B. after

C. what

D. when

7. It is a common belief _______ teenagers today know about computers and are familiar ______ using them in all aspects of life.

A. that; out

B. what; with

C. that; with

D. what; about

8.Don’t le ave for tomorrow _______ you can do today.

A. if

B. what

C. that

D. unless

9. Was it because it rained yesterday ______ he didn’t come?

A. why

B. when

C. then

D. that

10. ______ all the inventions have in common is ______ they have succeeded.

A. What; what

B. That; that

C. What; that

D. That; that

11. --- What clothes should we wear to attend the ball?

--- Dress _______ you like.

A. what

B. however

C. whatever

D. how

12. ________ has ridden on a railway train knows how _____ another train flashes by when it is traveling in the opposite direction.

A. Anyone who; rapid

B. Whoever; rapidly

C. Anything; rapid

D. Whatever; rapidly

13. We believe _______ you have devoted yourself ________ sure to come true.

A. that; is

B. all that; to be

C. that all; are

D. what; to is

14. You may give the film ticket to _______ you think needs it.

A. no matter who

B. whomever

C. whoever

D. no matter whom

15. Was it in 1998, when he was still at middle school, ______ this boy became expert at computer?

A. which

B. where

C. when

D. that

16. It was ______ he came to Macao ______ he knew what kind of place it was.

A. that; when

B. until; that

C. not until; when

D. not until; that

17. All finished, we sat down to enjoy ______ we thought the most delicious dinner.

A. that

B. which

C. what

D. it

18. It was not until he explained it a second time _______ it.

A. when we understood

B. that we understood

C. did we understand

D. that did we understand

19. The Beaches held _____ they called “family day” once each year.

A. that

B. which

C. what

D. when

20. --- How did he fail the examination?

--- It was because he was too careless _______ he made so many mistakes.

A. therefore

B. that

C. so that

D. so

21. In some countries, ______ is called “equality” does not really mean equal rights fro all people.

A. that

B. what

C. which

D. how

22. --- ______ helps others will be helped.

--- So I’ll be th ankful to and try to help _______ has helped us.

A. Whoever; whomever

B. Whoever; whoever

C. Who; whoever

D. Who; whomever

23. Whether ways will be found to stop pollution or not is just _______ worries the public.

A. why

B. which

C. that

D. what

24. It was not until dark _______ he found ________ he thought was the correct way to solve the problem.

A. that; what

B. that; that

C. when; what

D. when; that

25. The question came up at the meeting _______ we had enough money for our research.

A. that

B. what

C. which

D. whether

26. _______ she was invited to the ball made her very happy.

A. If

B. That

C. When

D. Because

27.______ we are doing has never been done before.

A. That

B. What

C. Which

D. Whether

28.Scientists believe native Americans arrived by crossing the land bridge that connected Siberia and

_______ more than 10,000 years ago.

A. this is Alaska

B. Alaska is now

C. is now Alaska

D. what is now Alaska

29.Please tell me ______ you would like to have your coffee ---- black or white?

A. what

B. where

C. which

D. how

30.Many workers were organized to clear away _______ remained of the World Trade center.

A. those

B. that

C. what

D. where

(二)、【真题实战之2007】

1.____ matters most in learning English is enough practice.（全国II）

A. What

B. Why

C. Where

D. Which

2. Choosing the right dictionary depends on ______ you want to use it for. （江苏卷）

A. what

B. why

C. how

D. whether

3.It is none of your business other people think about you. Believe yourself.

（福建卷）

A. how

B. what

C. which

D. when

4. parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. （陕西卷）

A. That

B. Which

C. What

D. As

5. Why not try your lu ck downtown, Bob? That’s ______ the best jobs a re. （浙江卷）

A. where

B. what

C. when

D. why

6. The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make ________ it is.

（天津卷）

A. what

B. which

C. how

D. where

7. Could I speak to ________ is in charge of International Sales, please? （山东卷）

A．anyone B．someone C．whoever D．no matter who

8. ______ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader.

A. That

B. What

C. Whether

D. Where

9. The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.

A. when

B. why

C. whether

D. that

(三)、【真题实战之2006】

1. We haven’t settled the question of ______ it is necessary for him to study abroad. (江苏卷)

A. if

B. where

C. whether

D. that

2. See the flags on top of the building? That was______ we did this morning. (全国I)

A. when

B. which

C. where

D. what

3. Please remind me______ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off. (同上)

A. where

B. when

C. how

D. what

4. –What did your parents think about your decision?

–They always let me do _______ I think I should. (全国III)

A. when

B. that

C. how

D. what

5. With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased ________he was a man

of action. (湖南卷)

A. which

B. that

C. what

D. whether

6. Nobody believed his reason for being absent form the class________ he had to meet his uncle at the air port. （重庆卷）

A. why

B. that

C. where

D. because

7. --- Could you do me a favour?

--- It depends on ______ it is. （北京卷）

A. which

B. whichever

C. what

D. whatever

8. Engines are to machines ____ hearts are to animals. (山东卷)

A. as

B. that

C. what

D. which

9. ____ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships. (山东卷)

A. No matter what

B. No matter which C Whatever D. Whichever

10. _______ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy.

(浙江卷)

A. As

B. That

C. This

D. It

11. — It's thirty years since we lest met.

— But I still remember the story, believe it or not, ____we got lost on a rainy night. (四川卷)

A. which

B. that

C. what

D. when

12. A warm thought suddenly came to me I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my

mother’s birthday．(安徽卷)

A．if B．when

C．that D．which

13. makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. (辽宁卷)

A. What

B. Who

C. Whatever

D. Whoever

14. There is much chance Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.

A. that

B. which

C. until

D. if (天津卷)

15. These shoes look very good. I wonder _____. (上海卷)

A. how much cost they are

B. how much do they cost

C. how much they cost

D. how much are they cost

16. Doris' success lies in the fact ___ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others. (同上)

A. which

B. that

C. when

D. why

17. As the busiest woman in Norton, she made _________her duty to look after all the other people’s affairs in

that town. (湖南卷)

A. this

B. that

C. one

D. it

18. I’d appreciate ____ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. (山东卷)

A. that

B. it

C. this

D. you

19. If I can help_______, I don't like working late into the night. (全国I )

A. so

B. that

C. it

D. them

(四)、【真题实战之2005】

1. Mary wrote an article on ______ the team had failed to win the game. (全国I)

A. why

B. what

C. who

D. that

2. As soon as he comes back, I will tell him when _____ and see him. (北京卷)

A. you will come

B. will you come

C. you come

D. do you come

3. _______ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.

(上海卷)

A. What is required

B. What requires

C. It is required

D. It requires

4. The old lady’s hand shook frequently. She explained to her doctor ____ this shaking had begun half a

year before, and _____, only because of this, she had been forced to give up her job. (重庆卷)

A. when; how

B. how; when

C. how; how

D. why; why

5. I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize ____ silly mistakes I had made.

A. what

B. that

C. how

D. which (湖南卷)

6. He hasn’t slept at all for three days. ______ he is tired out. (湖北卷)

A. There is no point

B. There is no need

C. It is no wonder

D. It is no way

7. Danby left word with my secretary ____ he would call again in the afternoon. (浙江卷)

A. who

B. that

C. as

D. which

8. Do you have any idea ______ is going on in the classroom? (辽宁卷)

A. that

B. what

C. as

D. which

9. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for ______ he thought was not enough. (山东卷)

A. where

B. how

C. what

D. which

10. The way he did it was different ______ we were used to. (江西卷)

A. in which

B. in what

C. from what

D. from which

11. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _____ a cure for AIDS will be found.

A. which

B. what

C. that

D. whether (广东卷)

12. --- Don’t you think it necessary that he _______ to Miami but to New York? (江苏卷)

--- I agree, but the problem is ______ he has refused to.

A. will not be sent; that

B. not be sent; that

C. should not be sent; what

D. should not send; what

(五)、【真题实战之2004】

1. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ____ I thought was a dangerous speed. (上

海春招)

A. as

B. which

C. what

D. that

2. Along with the letter was his promise ______ he would visit me this coming Christmas.

A. which

B. that

C. what

D. whether

3. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _____ I disagree. (全国I)

A. why

B. where

C. what

D. how

4. We cannot figure out ______ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out.

A. that

B. as

C. why

D. when (北京卷)

5. A modern city has been set up in ______ was a wasteland ten years ago. (天津卷)

A. what

B. which

C. that

D. where

6. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, ____ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.

(上海卷)

A. where

B. what

C. that

D. how

7. A story goes ______ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and

qualified noblemen at court. (上海卷)

A. when

B. where

C. what

D. that

8. I think Father would like to know ______ I’ve been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note.

(湖南卷)

A. which

B. why

C. what

D. how

(六)、【真题实战之2003】

1. --- Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?

--- Oh, that’s ________. (北京春招)

A. what makes me feel excited

B. whatever I feel excited about

C. how I feel about it

D. when I feel excited

2. People have heard what the President has said; they are waiting to see ____ he will do.

A. how

B. what

C. when

D. that (北京春招)

3. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ____ road conditions need ______.

(上海卷)

A. that; to be improved

B. which; to be improved

C. where; improving

D. when; improving

4. It is pretty well understood _____ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.

(上海卷)

A. that

B. when

C. what

D. how

参考答案

【夯实基础】

1-5 CDBAB 6-10 CCBDC 11-15 BBDCD 16-20 DCBCB 21-25 BBDAD

26-30 BBDDC

【真题实战2007】1-5 AABCA 6-9 ACBD

【真题实战2006】1-5 CDBDB 6-10 BCCDD 11-15 BCAAC 16-19 BDBC

【真题实战2005】1-5 AACCA 6-10 CBBCC 11-12 CB

【真题实战2004】1-5 CBBCA 6-8 BDC

【真题实战2003】1-4 ABAC

高中英语【语法归纳】宾语从句

宾语从句 1、定义如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个宾语，那么这个句子就是宾语从句。 2、与简单句的区分例：*I love teaching.---简单句 *I love what he is doing.---宾语从句 ★宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。例：*We can learn what we did not know. *I don't agree with what you said at the meeting. 3、语序宾语从句的语序一般都为陈述句语序。 A.一般情况下，即使是有疑问词，从句仍然是陈述句式。例：This book will show you what the best CEOs know. 这本书会告诉你最棒的总经理知道什么。 Can you figure out what the poet really means in this poem. 你能理解诗人在这首诗里真正想表达的是什么吗？ B.但个别宾语从句本应用陈述语序，可由于习惯而保持原疑问语序不变。例：I don't know what is the matter with him. I have no idea what was the matter with him. 我不知到他到底怎么了。关于matter的从句都是疑问语序基本上说I don't know what is wrong也是

对的，可一般来说都是分成两句讲。 I don't know.Is anything wrong？/what's wrong with you. C.特殊类型的宾语从句：当主句中的谓语动词表示认为、建议、猜测时，如think,say,guess,suppose,suggest,say,believe,feel,consider等，这时宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why,就不能按照正常语序安排,经常会将这类词放在句首。例：What course do you say I should take up this semester? Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year? 4、连接词（引导词） 1）陈述句做宾语（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导。在口语或非正式体中常省略。例：I don’t know（that）Tom was late again. 2）一般疑问句做宾语，用if／whether引导，if或whether在宾语从句中不作成分。但if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例：I want to know if(whether)he lives there. He asked me whether(if)I could help him. ★if/whether的区别 A.从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用whether； B.及物动词discuss后的宾从，只用whether； C.if与whether都可以与or not连用，但后面紧跟着or not时只能用whether； D.介词后的宾从只用whether; E.后接动词不定式时用whether. 3）特殊疑问句做宾语，用特殊疑问词连接（宾语从句缺什么成分就选择相应的特殊疑问词）。

高中英语语法系列：定语从句

高中英语语法系列：定语从句知识要点 1.关系代词和关系副词的选用 2.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 3.几组的关系词特殊用法一、定义：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 The happy man who lives next to me sells vegetables. You must do everything that I do. 被定语从句修饰的词，叫先行词。比如上面两句中的man和everything. 引导定语从句的词，叫关系代词和关系副词。比如who,whom,that,which,wh ere,when,why等关系词三重作用：①连接主从句；②指代先行词；③在定语从句中担任句子成分。 The man who lives next to me sells vegetables. 该句中，who lives next to me是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。二、关系词引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,which,that,whose,as等和关系副词w here,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成分。

1.用关系代词that,which,who,whom引导的定语从句 who指人，用作主语 whom指人，用作宾语 which指物，用作主语、宾语皆可 that指人和物，用作主语、宾语皆可 The teacher who visits our school today is from Guangzhou. Mrs Read is the person whom you should write to. They planted some trees which didn’t need much water. The fish(which)we bought this morning were not fresh. A plane is a machine that can fly. The noodles(that)I cooked were delicious. 2.用关系代词whose引导的定语从句：先行词既可指人，也可指物，一般译为“谁的”“什么东西的”，请看例子 The room whose window faces south is mine. 3.用关系副词when、where、why引导的定语从句 (1)when在从句中作时间状语 October lst,1949is the day when(=on which)the People’s Republic of Chin a was founded. (2)where在从句中作地点状语 I recently went to the town where(=in which)I was born. (3)why在从句中作原因状语 The reason why(=for which)he was late was that he missed the train.

高中英语语法大全

（1）表语从句 1．定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导表语从句的关联词的种类： (1) 从属连词that。如： The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。 (2) 从属连词whether, as, as if。如： He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如： All this was over twenty years ago, but it's as if it was only yesterday. gh能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look等。如： It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。连接副词 where, when, how, why。如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。 That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。解释： 1．连词because可引导表语从句。如： I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。 2．在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如： My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。（2）主语从句 1．定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导主语从句的关联词有三类： (1) 从属连词that。如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。 (2) 从属连词whether。如： Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。 (3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。如： What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。 How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 Whoever comes is welcome. 不论谁来都欢迎。 Wherever you are is my home ---- my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我唯一的家。解释： 1．主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有： A. It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。如： It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。 It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告诉她了。 B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that

高中英语语法状语从句归纳总结

状语从句一．二．分类：

adv.+that （如此……以致） so that （结果……） such+n.+that （如果……以致） that （所以，因此）让步状语从句： though/although 不可同but 连用。 though/although （虽然） however （可是） even though/if （即使） no matter+what/which/where/who/when =whatever/whichever/wherever/whoever/whenever （不论什么/哪一个/哪里/谁/何时）比较状语从句： as （正如） as…as （和……一样） not as/so … as （不如……） than （比……更） the+比较级…+the+比较级（越……越……）条件状语从句： if （假设） unless （如果不） so long as （只要） on condition that （如果）方式状语从句： as （像……那样地） just as （正像） as if （好像） as though （好像）三．四．各种状语从句的简化方法：

1． 2．以after和before引导的状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时，从句等于after/before+doing sth. 作状语。例：After she sang，she left the rich man's house．= After singing，she left the rich man's house．3． 4．以as soon as引导的状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时，从句等于on+doing sth.,作状语，此时的动词为非延续性动词。例：Mary began to operate on the wounded soldiers as soon as he arrived at the village． = Mary began to operate on the wounded soldiers on arriving at the village． 5． 6．时间状语从句和条件状语从句的主语和主句主语一致时，有时可简化为不定式作状语。例：She stopped when she saw her husband．= She stopped to see her husband． If you want to understand the farmers，you must go to the countryside． = To understand the farmers，you must go to the countryside． 7． 8．结果状语从句和目的状语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，可以简化为不定式作状语；若两者主语不一致时，则应简化为不定式的复合结构作状语。例：He was so tired that he couldn't go any further．= He was too tired to go any further． I came here so that I could ask some questions．= I came here(in order) to ask some questions．9． 10．以when，while引导的时间状语从句和以if引导的条件状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时，从句等于when/while/if +doing sth.作状语，表示谓语动作发生在该状语动作的进行过程之中。例：When he turned on the radio，he found it broken．= When turning on the radio，he found it broken．While she was walking along the street，she was hit by a car．= While walking along the street，she was hit by a car． 11．原因状语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，可简化为分词短语作状语。例：Since l didn't know Chinese，I tried to speak to her in English．= Not knowing Chinese，I tried to speak to her in English．注意：形容词短语也可作表示原因的状语，来代替原因状语从句，放在句首、句末均可，但一般应加逗号。例：As he was thirsty and eager to get a little rest，he went into the tea-house． = Thirsty and eager to get a little rest，he went into the tea-house． 12．在时间、原因、条件等状语从句中，若从句和主句主语不一致时，可简化为分词复合结构作状语。有时也可简化为“with/without名词或代词十分词(短语)”形式作状语。例：When the film start appeared, the children got exited．= The film start appearing，the children got exited． If all the work is done, you can have a rest．= With all the work done，you can have a rest． Nothing can live if there is no air．= Nothing can live without air．

高中英语语法复习之三大从句

三大从句定语从句 1.The meeting that you have missed yesterday was very important. 2. The girl who is making a speech right now is our monitor. 3. The vase that I broke yesterday was very expensive. 4. The boy who helped you yesterday is my neighbour. 5. That's just the topic that I'm very interested in. 6. He is just the boss who gave me that valuable opportunity. 7. I like the cake which you bought yesterday. 8. He is the teacher who helped me. 9. We all like that speaker who is very humorous. 10. The old lady whose two daughters are both teachers is our neighbour. 11. She is the girl whom I met at the party. 12. There are occasions when one must yield. 13.Beijing is the place where I was born. 14.Is this the reason why he refused our offer? 15. His father died the year when he was born. 16.He is unlikely to find the place in which he lived forty years ago. 17. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 18.This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 19. He has finished the difficult exercise, which is easy for you. 20.None of us know the reason for which Tom was absent from the meeting. (why = for which ). 只用that不用which的情况 ①先行词指物且含有不定代词(all, little, few, much, everything, anything等) Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself? All that Lily told me seems untrue. ②先行词被the only, the very, the right, any, every, some, no, just等修饰 This is the very bus that I am waiting for. The only thing that we can do is to lend you some money. ③先行词含有最高级或含有序数词时，如： This train is the last that will go to Suzhou. This is the first two-story bus that runs in our city. What is the most interesting film that you have ever seen? ④先行词既有人又有物

高中英语语法_状语从句练习30题及详解

1. Tim is in good shape physically he doesn't get much exercise. A. if B. even though C. unless D. as long as 2. The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, ______ accompanied by an adult. A. once B. when C. if D. unless 3. you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge. A. However a serious problem B. What a serious problem C. However serious a problem D. What serious a problem of the heavy traffic，it was already time for lunch break she got to her office． A．since B．that C．when D．until* m John thinks it won’t be long he is ready for his new job. A. when B. after C. before D. since 6. Today, we will begin ________we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out. A. when B. where C. how D. what 7. She had just finished her homework her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday. A. when B. while C. after D. since 8. My parents don’t mind what job I do I am happy. A. even though B. as soon as C. as long as D. as though 9. You can’t borrow books from the s chool library ______ you get your student card. A. before B. if C. while D. as 10. All the dishes in this menu, otherwise stated, will serve two to three people. A. as B. if C. though D. unless of the financial crisis, days are gone _ _ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for

高中英语语法---宾语从句最详细讲解

宾语从句 1，that 引导的宾语从句 I want to know that you are right 我想要知道你是对的。 2，if he whether 引导时 I want to know whether you are right =I want to know if you are right 我想要知道你是否是对的 3，其他连接词： I want to know how I can do it 我想要知道我如何做到。 4，动词后的宾语从句： I hope that you can be better 我希望你能更好 5，介词后的宾语从句 I worry about what you are doing 我担心你正在做什么 6，在有except，but ，besides 等词汇时，可以不做介词的宾语 I know nothing about him except that he is Chinese 除了他是一个老师，我一无所知7，形容词后的宾语从句，在表示态度，情感的词汇后面的宾语从句， ,We are satisfied that he can speak English 我们很满意他能说英语宾语从句的几个小诀窍 1，陈述语气：I don’t what his name is 我不知道他叫什么名字 2，时态一致，事实，真理等句子只用一般现在时 I didn’t know where he was 我不知道他在哪里 He didn’t know one and one is two 他不知道一加一等于二

3，语气，在建议，要求，建议，命令等词汇后面要用虚拟语气 He suggested that I should do my homework 他建议我应该做我的作业。 4，宾语从句中的否定转移 I don’t think he is right 我认为他是错的 5，宾语从句that 不能省略的情况 1，有插入语的时候 It appears here ，on the blackboard，that it can change your life 黑板上显现着，它能改变你的生活 2，多重复合句出现时，that 在连接词之前 He said if you could be on time ，you could learn more 他说如果你能准时，你就能学到更多3，当it做形式宾语的时候， You may find it interesting that you can speak a lot of English 你也许会发现你能说很多英语是很有趣的 4，that 或者this在从句中做主语时 He said that this was important 他说这个很重要 He said that was important 他说那个很重要 5，由多个that引导的从句，第一个省略，后面的不省略 He said he was in America and that he could speak English 他说他在美国，并且他能说英语 6，当疑问连接词和that连用的时候 I know where he lives and that he has a good life 我知道他住在哪里并且他有一个很好的生活。7，that在句首引导从句时 That you can give me a lot of money I never imagine 我从没有想象过你能给我这么多的钱

高中英语语法表语从句详解素材

定义表语从句定义：在一个复合句中，从句作的是主语的表语成分。 A The problem is puzzling. 这个问题令人困惑主语,连系动词,形容词作表语 The problem is when we can get a pay rise. 问题是什么时候我们可以得到加薪. 主语连系动词一个句子作表语---表语从句 B 连接表语从句的连接词有：that, what, who, when, where, which, why,whether,how.whoever，whomever，whichever ，whatever等 He has become a teacher. 他已经成为一名教师。 He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago. 他已经成为了他10年前想成为的。 She has remained there for an hour. 她曾在那里停留了一个小时。 She has remained where I stood yesterday for an hour. 她一直在我昨天站的地方站了一个小时。 His suggestion is good. 他的建议是好的。 His suggestion is that we should stay calm. 他的建议是，我们应该保持冷静。 The question is confusing. 这个问题令人困惑. The question is when he can arrive at the hotel. 问题是，他什么时候可以到达酒店。 Who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.谁与我明天将前往北京。 Why he cried yesterday. 昨天他为什么哭。 How I can persuade her to join us in the party. 我怎么能说服她加入我们的派对。 Whether the enemy is marching towards us. 是否敌人正向我们行进. 注意 A 表语从句一定要用陈述语序。 False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel. Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel. B 不可以用if，而用whether 连接表语从句(as if 例外）。引导宾语从句时可以互换if/whether 位于介词后要用whether

(完整版)高中英语语法专项训练.--状语从句

高中英语语法专项训练----状语从句 1.Don’t be afraid of asking for help _______ it is needed. A. unless B. since C. although D. when 2. A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners’ curiosity ________ he reaches the end of the story. A. when B. unless C. after D. until 3. _______ I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it. A. Even though B. Unless C. As long as D. while 4 You will succeed in the end ____ you give up halfway. A. even if B. as though C. as long as D. unless 5.“Was his father very strict with him when he was at school?” “Yes. He had never praised him _______ he became one of the top students in his grade.” A. after B. unless C. until D. when 6. _____ I suggest, he always disagrees. A. However B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Whoever 7. You should put on the notices ______ all the people may see them. A. where B. in which C. at D. for them 8. _____ she goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her. A. Wherever B. However C. Whichever D. Whoever 9. Mary clapped her hand over her mouth _______ she realized what she had said. A. while B. as soon as C. suddenly D. then 10.________ her faults, she’s Arnold’s mother. Don’t be so rude to her.

高考高中英语语法宾语从句考点总结

高考高中英语语法宾语从句考点总结宾语从句是指一个句子在复合句中作主句的宾语，它是使用最广泛的复合句之一，它也是中考的经常考查的知识点之一。宾语从句的使用主要注意五点：考点一注意正确使用引导词宾语从句的引导词的使用，分为以下三种情况：（1）如果用一个陈述句来充当主句的宾语，则由that 引导（that在口语或非正式文体中常省略）。如： He said (that) he would like to see the headmaster.他说他想见校长。 She said (that ) she would leave a message on his desk.她说她将在他的桌上留个便条。 Mr Wu said (that) he was interested in taking photos.吴先生说他对摄影很感兴趣。（2）如果用一个特殊疑问句来充当主句的宾语，则由连接代词who, whom, whose ,what, which或连接副词when, where, why, how引导。如： I don’t know where he is from.

我不知道他来自何方。 The chil dren didn’t know who Father Christmas is.孩子们不知道谁是圣诞老人。 He asked me why I was late for the meeting. 他问我为什么迟到。 Could you tell me how I can get to the railway station?你能告诉我去火车站的路怎么走。（3）.如果用一个一般疑问句来充当主句的宾语，则由连词if或whether引导。如： She asked me if she could borrow these books. 她问我她能否借这些书。 Could you tell me if there are any good museums in Newtown? 你能告诉我新镇是否有一些好的博物馆吗？ I am not sure if he will come to my birthday party. 我不太确信他是否会参加我的生日聚会。考点二注意正确使用时态当主句谓语动词是一般现在时时，从句可以根据实际情况使用相应的时态；当主句是一般过去时时，从句根据实际情况用过去时态的某一种。

2021届高中英语新高考语法基础版一轮复习讲义(30)表语从句知识点整理总结

2021届高中英语新高考语法基础版一轮复习讲义（30）表语从句知识点整理总结 01 表语从句的概念和引导词表语从句是指一个句子充当主系表结构中的表语而成的从句。它的构成和其他名词性从句一样。和宾语从句、主语从句的类似，表语从句的引导词也分为如下三类： a. 陈述句做表语从句，用that引导。如： T h e p ro bl e m i s th a t t h e y do n't f o l l o w m y a d vi ce. 问题在于他们不听我的劝告。注意：表语从句中的that不可以省略。 b. 一般疑问句做表语从句，一般用whether引导，不用if。如： The key is whether the boss will give us the chance to participate in the project. 关键是老板是是否会让我们参与这个项目。 c. 特殊疑问句做表语从句，用what/who等特殊疑问词引导。如： The problem is when we will receive the fund. 问题在于我们何时能收到这笔资金。 02 常见表语从句的句型

和主语从句类似，表语从句也有一些常见的结构化的句型，具体包括以下几类： a. 名词+is +表语从句。这些名词有表示事实的truth, fact，表示观点的idea, advice, problem, question, thought, feeling, plan, suggestion等。如：The fact is that he is the best teacher in the entire school. 事实是，他是全校最好的老师。 The question is when the rescue team will arrive here. 问题是救援小组何时能到这里。当然，名词这里也可以是主语从句。如： What I want to know is who will be elected as the monitor in the new term. 我想知道的是新学期谁会被当选为班长？注意：当名词是suggestion/order/request等表示主张和建议时，表语从句要用should+do的虚拟语气，其中should可以省略。 b. It/This/That is because/why从句。如： That is why he was sent to the mental hospital. 这就是他被送往精神病医院的原因。

高中英语语法状语从句归纳总结

状语从句一．分类：种类连接词注意区别：时间状语when/whenever/while/as/before/after/instantly /until/till/by the time/as soon as/hardly…when /no sooner…than/the moment/the minute/immediately 有一些表示时间的名词短语也可用来引导时间状语从句： the?minute,?the?moment,?every?time,?the?first?time 例：The?moment?he?reached?the?country,?he?started?his? search. 他一到达这个国家，就开始他的探寻工作。有一些表示时间的副词也可用来引导时间状语从句： directly 例：Directly?the?master?came?in,?everyone?was?quiet. 校长一进来，?大家就安静下来 as和when、while： as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。当从句的动作发生于主句之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或while。从示"随时间推移"连词能用as，不用when 或while。 till/until和not…till/until： until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。地点状语 where//wherever where，表示某一个；wherever，表示任何一个。原因状语Because/as/since/now that/for because和since、for、as、now that： because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或si 由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断只能用for。now that都表示“既然”now that一定要是现在的，since可以是现在，也可以是过去和现在。条件状语if/unless/once/in case/as long as/on condition that 多用一般时态，如果表示一般将来的情况，就用一般现在时果表示过去将来的情况，就用一般过去时。目的状语(so) that,/in order that/for fear that/in case/lest so that和in order that后常接may, should, could, would等情词结果状语so…that, such…that 其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。so 还可示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配比较状语 Than/not so//as…as//the more…the more Your watch is not the same as his.(the same as结构)方式状语 as if, as though, as, (just)as---so，as if 和as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气。让步状语 Though/although/even if/even though/ as//, no matter what/who/which/how/when，whatever/whoever /whichever/however/whenever ，whether---or---（不管---- 都） as在让步状语从句中常用倒装形式；although和though用正序，可和yet连用，但不可和but连用时间状语从句：

高考英语高中英语语法之【名词性从句】

最新高中英语语法定语从句总复习

高中英语【语法归纳】宾语从句

高中英语语法系列：定语从句

高中英语语法大全

高中英语语法状语从句归纳总结

高中英语语法复习之三大从句

高中英语语法_状语从句练习30题及详解

高中英语语法---宾语从句最详细讲解

高中英语语法表语从句详解素材

(完整版)高中英语语法专项训练.--状语从句

高考高中英语语法宾语从句考点总结

2021届高中英语新高考语法基础版一轮复习讲义(30)表语从句知识点整理总结

高中英语语法状语从句 归纳总结

高中英语语法状语从句归纳总结