高中动词ing形式的被动语态教(学)案

教学过程

一、复习预习

一、概念

1、v-ing形式的种类功用和各种形式：V-ing 包括动名词和现在分词两种，分别可作：

主语、宾语、表语; （动名词）

定语、状语、宾/主语补足语 (现在分词)

注意：其否定形式是在其前边加：not/never.

其各种形式如下表：

2.

V-ing

形式的被动式用法及种类

当v-in g与它的逻辑主语构成被动关系时，要用其被动式, v-ing的被动式有两种：一般被动式：being done；完成被动式：having been done; V-ing形式的被动式包括动名词被动式和现在分词的被动式两种。

二、知识讲解

考点/易错点1

动名词的被动式

动名词的被动式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语，且在句中只表被动，不表进行。

1、作主语

So being killed by sharks was a common thing. 因此被鲨鱼吃掉是常有的事。

Being laughed at in public is a terrible thing.在公共场合下被嘲笑是件可怕的事。Being exposed to the sun does harm to health.暴漏在下对身体有害。

The president’s being killed led to serious consequences.总统被杀导致了严重后果。

2、作宾语

V-ing形式的被动式既可作动词的宾语, 也可作介词的宾语。

He was afraid of _________________ (abandon) by us.He did it without ___________ (ask)

You can’t eat anything before _____________(operate on)I remember having been told the story.

3、作表语

What worried the child most was his not being allowed to visit his mother in the hospital.

使孩子最为担心的是他不被允许到医院看母亲。

What I hate most is ________________ (laugh at)

The problem is for from _______________ (settle)

注意：①动名词的被动式作主语和表语时，常用其一般式（being done),不习惯用完成式；但作宾语时，若其动作发生谓语动词之前或强调动作已经发生，可用其完成式（having been done)。如：

I appreciate having been given the chance to study abroad.

我很感激能被给与到国外留学的机会。

②动名词的被动式在句中作主、宾、表时，其特点是只表被动，不表进行。

③动名词的被动式作主、宾、表时，有时可采用其复合结构形式，即：名词所有格/形容性物主代词+ being done。如：

Tom’s being admitted to college is a big surprise for us.汤姆被大学入取让我们很是惊讶。

The discovery of new evidence led to his being caught.新证据的发现导致他被捕。

现在分词的被动式

现在分词的被动式常句中作宾补和定语，一般不作状语（除个别情形例外）；在句中既表被动又表进行

.

1、作宾补

现在分词的被动式（being done）作宾补时，表示正在进行的被动的动作，常与感官动词连用。

I saw James being held up in the water by old Tom.

You’ll find the topic _______________ (discuss) everywhere now.

As we approached the village we saw new houses _____________ (build)

注意：与过去分词作宾补的区别：过去分词作宾补表示动作已完成.

2、作定语

现在分词的被动式（being done）作定语时时，表示正在进行的被动的动作。

The meeting ______________ (discuss) now is very important.

He asked who was the girl _____________ (operate）on in the operating room.

注意：①现在分词的被动式作后置定语时，表示正在进行的被动的动作；过去分词作后置定语表示已经发生的被动的动作；不定式的被动式作后置定语表示未发生或即将发生的被

动的动作。如：

a meeting being held now 正在被举行的会议

a meeting heldyesterday 昨天举行的会议

a meeting to be held tomorrow 明天将举行的会议

②现在分词的被动完成式(having been done) 不能做定语和宾补。

The building having been built last year (×)The building built last year (√) We found him having been killed. (×)We found him killed (√)

考点/易错点2

现在分词的被动完成式(having been done) 作状语

当分词与句子的主语构成被动关系，且此分词动作（明确地）发生在句子的谓语动词之前或持续发生一段时间（或持续发生多次）时可用现在分词的被动完成式(having been done) 作状语。

Having been shown around the classroom, we were taken to visit the lab.

被领着参观了教室后，我们又被带着参观了实验室。

Having been told the news, they put off the trip.

被告知此消息后，他们取消了这次旅。

Having been separated for many years by the war, they couldn’t recog nize each other. 因战争而分离多年后，他们都认不出对方了。

Having been told many times, the boy still didn’t know how to do it.

尽管被告知多次了，那个小男孩他仍然不知如何去做。

注意：①若分词有自己独立的主语可构成独立主格结构。

The work having been done,they left the office.

All the exam papers having been handed in, the teacher sent the students home.

②在这种独立主格结构中，用现在分词的被动完成式形式与用过去分词形式差别不大。而为了简洁，习惯采用过去分词形式，如上面两句常表达成：

The work done,they left the office.

All the exam papers handed in, the teacher sent the students home.

注意：过去分词作状语与现在分词的被动完成式的区别：

二者作状语时，都表示与句子的主语构成被动关系，区别不大，可以互换。但是在这种情况下，为了简洁，还是习惯采用过去分词形式作状语。

Asked(=Having been asked) to work overtime,I missed a wonderful film.

由于昨晚被要求加班，我错过了一场精彩的电影。

Polluted (=Having been polluted) seriously, the water in the river was not safe to drink.

但是如果强调分词动作发生在句子的谓语动词之前或强调分词动作持续发生多次发（或持续一段时间）还是习惯采用现在分词的被动完成式(having been done) 作状语，但终归区别还是不大。

Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistakes.

尽管被告诉了多次，他还是犯同样的错误。

考点/易错点3

动名词的主动形式表被动意义

①在want，need，require，deserve等动词之后作宾语时，常用动名词的主动式表示被动意义。

②在（be）worth后面只能用动名词的主动态来表示被动意义。

His suggestion is worth considering.

③在allow，advise，forbid，permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：

We don’t allow smoking here. 我们不允许在这儿抽烟

We don’t allow students to smoke here.我们不允许学生抽烟

三、例题精析

【例题1】

【题干】_______ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin. (, 2002) A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being expose D. After being exposed

【答案】C

【解析】本句中expose与one's skin是动宾关系，根据句意，应该是皮肤被暴露在下，所以要用动词-ing形式的被动形式作主语，故答案为C。

【例题2】

【题干】The bird ___ escaped. I didn’t mind at home.

【答案】being caught being left

【解析】V-ing形式的被动式既可作动词的宾语, 也可作介词的宾语。

【例题3】

【题干】_________ the whole story, Jane decided not to see the film.

A. Having been told

B. Having told

C. Been told

D. Telling

【答案】A

【解析】先被告诉了故事的容再决定不去看电影，分词动作发生在句子的谓语动词之前

四、课堂运用

【基础】

1.________ that it was going to snow, the climbers decided to put off their attempt on the highest mountain.

A. Having told

B. Having been told

C. Tell

D. Telling

2. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ________.

A. catching

B. to be caught

C. being caught

D. to catch

答案：A C

解析：1.动名词的完成被动式表示非谓语动作发生在谓语动作之前。

2.被抓住，所以用动名词的一般被动式

【巩固】

1.

________ many times, he finally understood it.

A.Told

B. Telling

C. Having told

D. Having been told

2. Your car needs ____________(fill). 你这车要充气

This city deserves _____________(visit). 这座城市值得光顾一下。

The problem requires ___________ (study)carefully.这个问题需要认真研究。

The trees want ___________ (water).这些树需要浇水了。

答案：1.D

2． filling visiting studying watering

解析：1尽管被告诉了多次，他还是犯同样的错误。被告诉发生在犯错误之前

2.在want，need，require，deserve等动词之后作宾语时，常用动名词的主动式表示被动

意义。

【拔高】

1. __________ by others when you do nothing wrong at all is quite a bad experience.

A. Having been misunderstood

B.Being misunderstood

C. Having understood

D. Misunderstood

2. Tony was very unhappy for _________ to the party. （2000, ）

A. having not been invited

B. not having invited

C. having not invited

D. not having been invite

3The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent

_________ at the end of last March.

A. has been launched

B. having been launched

C. being launched

D. to be launched

答案：

解析：现在分词的被动完成式(having been done) 作状语，当分词与句子的主语构成被动

关系，且此分词动作（明确地）发生在句子的谓语动词之前或持续发生一段时间（或持续发

生多次）时可用现在分词的被动完成式(having been done) 作状语。

课程小结

1、V-ing的一般被动式（being done）可作主语、宾语、表语、后置定语、补语，一般不

作状语; 作主语、宾语、表语时是动名词的用法，只表被动不表进行；作后置定语、宾/

主补语时是现在分词的用法，既表被动又表进行。

2、现在分词的被动完成式(having been done)，只表被动不表进行，可作宾语和状语，表

示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。

3、V-ing的一般被动式（being done）一般不用作状语，因为过去分词形式已经替代它作

了状语。所以像这句话：Being badly wounded, the whale soon died.这种表达不常见，

习惯性表达是把Being去掉, 而且这种表达也不作为考试测试中的依据。

课后作业

【基础】

请看下列句子，看看动词-ing形式的被动式在各句中作什么成分。

1. So being killed by sharks was a common occurrence.

2. He didn’t mind being left at home.

3. That building being repaired is our library.

4. Being protected by a thick wall, they felt they were quite safe.

5. Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it slip away?

【巩固】

将下列句子翻译成英语。

1. 他受不了别人那样开他的玩笑。

2. 这问题远远没有解决。

3. 没有谁请他做，是他自己做的。

4. 在动手术之前你不能吃任何东西。

5. 既然已做出了决定，下个问题就是如何制定一个好的计划。

【拔高】

改错

Losing in thought, he went to home at night. Walking on a dark road, His head was hit by a fallen glass. His head was badly injured. Having suffering the great pain, he went to the hospital at once. Having trained for a week, he went ill. Now he still regrets to walk carelessly.

答案

基础1主语 2宾语 3定语 4状语 5状语

巩固1. He could not bear being made fun of like that.

2. This question is far from being settled.

3. He did it without being asked.

4. You can’t eat anything before being operated on.

5. The decision having been made, the next problem was how to make a good plan 拔高.

1.losing--- lost

2.he walking

3.having 删除

4.having been trained

5.walking

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中考被动语态详解 考情分析,中考对语态的考查侧重于以下几个方面： ①主动语态和被动语态的选择，含动词各种时态的被动语态形式， ②被动语态后的动词形式， ③主动意义表示被动意义的常见结构等等。 一、被动语态概念： 英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。当主语为动作的执行者时, 谓语的形式为主动语态; 当主语为动作的承受者时, 谓语要用被动语态。 e.g. Many people speak English. （主动语态, 句子的主语many people是动作speak的执行者） English is spoken by many people. （被动语态, 句子的主语English是动作speak的承受者） 被动语态的用法 （1）当不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时 Such books are written for children. 这些书是为儿童写的。 （2）强调动作的承受者，这时应用by短语 The cup was broken by David. （3）作客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态句型 It’s said / reported / + that …据说/据报道 It’s reported that it will rain tomorrow.据报道，明天会下雨。

二、主动语态被变动语态的方法 We Visited that factory last summer 主动语态 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 That factory was visited by us last summer 被动语态 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 (1) 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由 宾格变为主格。 Tom killed him. → He was killed by Tom. (2) 把谓语变成被动结构(be ＋过去分词) They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held by them yesterday. 他们昨天开会了。 (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be 的形式)。 (3) 把主动语态中的主语放在介词by 之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如： All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made by them in the factory. 歌诀是： 宾变主，主变宾，by 短语后面跟。 谓语动词变被动，be 后“过分”来使用。 三、各个时态的被动语态（3个一般，1个完成） 1、一般现在时的被动语态结构： →→

【英语】动词被动语态知识点总结

【英语】动词被动语态知识点总结 一、动词被动语态 1．The weatherman says a rain shower ______ this afternoon in the south. A. expects B. expected C. is expected D. was expected 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】气象员说今天下午预计南方将出现阵雨。本题考查动词的语态和时态。从句中因为"a rain shower"做主语,可知应用被动语态,又因为"阵雨被预料”这件事发生在现在,所以用一般现在时。故答案为C。 【点评】此题考查一般现在时的被动语态。要熟记各个时态被动语态的构成。 2．—Do you know when and where the 24 Winter Olympic Games___________? —In Beijing and Zhangjiakou, in 2022. A. is held B. will be held C. will hold 【答案】B 【解析】【分析】句意：—你知道24届冬奥会什么时候在哪里举行吗？—2022年在北京和张家口。根据in 2022.可知是一般将来时态。冬奥会被举办，the 24 Winter Olympic Games和hold之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，will be+过去分词，故选B。 【点评】考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据语境中时间状语以及动词和主语的关系确定时态和语态。 3．Let's wait and see whether books by the Internet in the future. A. replace B. replaced C. will be replaced D. were replaced 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：让我们等着看是否将来书会被网络替代。whether引导的宾语从句根据时间确定时态，结合in the future可知表达的是将来的事情，主语books是动词replace的承受者，故用一般将来时的被动语态will+be+过去分词，故选C 【点评】考查一般将来时的被动语态。 4．The city is a greener city now because many trees ______ every year. A. were planted B. are planted C. will be planted D. was planted 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：因为每年栽许多树，城市更加绿了。A. were planted一般过去时态的被动语态；B. are planted一般现在时态的被动语态；C. will be planted一般将来时态的被动语态；D. was planted一般过去时态的被动语态。由every year可知句子描述的是每年都发生的动作，表示经常性、习惯性的动作，用一般现在时态。句子主语trees是复数，谓语用复数。故选B. 【点评】本题考查动词的语态，一般现在时的被动语态就用be+及物动词的过去分词。