2010年4月英语词汇学试题与答案

2010年4月高自考英语词汇学试题课程代码：0832

Ⅰ．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（30%）

1. When we talk about a word in visual terms, a word can be defined as a ____ group of letters printed or written horizontally across a piece of paper. （）

A. small

B. meaningful

C. vocal

D. large

2. ____ belongs to the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including informal ones available to everyone and in-group words. （）

A. Terminology

B. Jargon

C. Slang

D. Argot

3. “I'm sure that they will come today.”

There are____content words in the above sentence. （）

A. 2

B. 3

C. 4

D. 5

4. Which of the following is one of the three channels through which modern English vocabulary develops? （）

A. Acronym.

B. Blending.

C. Elevation.

D. Borrowing.

5. Social, economic and political changes bring about such new words as the followings EXCEPT____. ( )

A. kungfu

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/942256544.html, dinner

C. fast food

D. Watergate

6. In modern times, ____is the most important way of vocabulary expansion. （）

A. semantic change

B. borrowing

C, expansion D. creation

7. The plural morpheme “-s” is realized by /iz/ after the following sounds EXCEPT____. ( )

A. /s/

B. /g/

c. /z/ D. /ろ/

8. The word “idealistic” comprises ____morphemes. （）

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

9. The following words have inflectional affixes EXCEPT ____.( )

A. happier

B. worker

C. harder

D. taller

10. “Washing machine” is a word formed by____.（）

A. prefixation

B. compounding

C. conversion

D. blending

11. “TV” is a(n) ____.（）

A. initialism

B. acronym

C. derivative

D. compound

12. The prefix “mis-” in the word “mistrust” is a ____prefix. （）

A. negative

B. reversative

C. pejorative

D. locative

13. Which of the following is NOT one of the meanings of “word meaning”? （）

A. Reference.

B. Concept.

C. Sense.

D. Pronunciation.

14. Such synonymous pair as “die-pass away” has the same ____but different stylistic

values.

（）

A. reference

B. concept

C. motivation

D. style

15. The word “airmail” is ____motivated. （）

A. onomatopoeically

B. etymologically

C. semantically

D. morphologically

16. Words are arbitrary symbols with independent identities so far as their spelling and pronunciation is concerned. But ____, all words are related in one way or another.( ) A. linguistically B. semantically

C. grammatically

D. pragmatically

17, ____, the basic meaning of a word is the core of word-meaning called the central meaning. （）

A. Onomatopoeically

B. Diachronically

C. Synchronically

D. Etymologically

18. One important criterion to tell the fundamental difference between homonyms and polysemants is to see their____. （）

A. ideology

B. etymology

C. mythology

D. methodology

19. Vocabulary is the most ____element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and content. （）

A. unbalanced

B. unstable

C. unhinged

D. undoubted

20. In Shakespeare's well-known Hamlet, rival means “____”and jump means “just”. （）

A. janitor

B. partner

C. collector

D. observer

21. In the sentence “Just after two years he is quite a grown boy now.” The word grown can be classified into ____sense of transfer. （）

A. physical

B. objective

C. sensational

D. subjective

22. In some cases, the meaning of a word may be influenced by the structure in which it occurs. This is called ____context. （）

A. non-linguistic

B. lexical

C. grammatical

D. cultural

23. The sentence “He is a hard businessman.” is ambiguous due to____. （）

A. grammatical structure

B. lexical context

C. homonymy

D. polysemy

24. The extra-linguistic context may extend to embrace the entire____. （）

A. physical situation

B. grammatical structure

C. mental activity

D. cultural background

25. Which of the following is NOT one respect of the rhetorical features of idioms? （）

A. Phonetic manipulation.

B. Lexical manipulation.

C. Syntactical manipulation.

D. Figures of speech.

26. In nothing flat as an idiom is ____in nature. （）

A. verbal

B. nominal

C. adjectival

D. adverbial

27. The idiom “failure is the mother of success” is a ____ as far as figures of speech are concerned. （）

A. simile

B. metaphor

C. metonymy

D. personification

28. Which of the following is NOT one of the three good general dictionaries mentioned in the textbook? ( )

A. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English.

B. Webster's Third New International Dictionary.

C. A Chinese-English Dictionary.

D. Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary.

29. Webster's Third New International Dictionary is the best-known ______dictionary. ( )

A. unabridged

B. desk

C. pocket

D. encyclopedic

30. British dictionaries generally use____ to mark the pronunciation.

A. British Phonetic Alphabet

B. American Phonetic Alphabet

C. International Phonetic Alphabet

D. Webster's Phonetic Alphabet

Ⅱ．Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of prefixes;

2) the functions of affixes; 3) types of antonyms; and 4) types of meanings. (10%)

A B

（） 31. appreciative meanings A. maltreat

（） 32. parent/child B. Jap/nigger

（） 33. pejorative prefixes C. tremble (not quiver) with fear （） 34. man/woman D. famous/determined

（） 35. hyperactive/superfreeze E. extraordinary/telecommunication （） 36. collocative meaning F. prefixes of degree

（） 37. decompose/unwrap G. inflectional affixes

（） 38. pejorative meaning H. reversative prefixes

（） 39. radios/desks I. contradictory terms

（） 40. locative prefixes J. relative terms

Ⅲ．Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.（10%）

41. Grammarians insist that a word be a ____form that can function in a sentence.

42. In modern English, word endings were mostly lost with just a few exceptions because English has evolved from a synthetic language to the present ____language.

43. The morphemes can be grouped into free morphemes and ____morphemes.

44. New words which are created by adding affixes to stems are called____.

45. Though having little lexical meaning, ____words have strong grammatical meaning.

46. The vocabulary of a language is in constant change; old items drop out, new items come in, and as the new replace the old, so the internal ____of the whole set alter.

47. The attitudes of classes have also made inroads into lexical meaning in the case of elevation or____.

48. The sentence “I like Mary better than Jean.” will lead to____.

49. The fixity of idioms depends on the____.

50. Encyclopedic dictionaries can be further divided into ____and encyclopedic dictionaries.

Ⅳ．Define the following terms.（10%）

51. borrowed words

52. conversion

53. motivation

54. narrowing

55. replacement of idioms

Ⅴ．Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your

answers in the space given below.（20%）

56. What are derivational affixes?

57. What is grammatical meaning of a word? Give an example to illustrate your point.

58. What type of transfer is experienced for the word in bold type?

The fairy tale “The Sleeping Beauty” is very interesting.

59. Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the stylistic features of idioms. Stylistically speaking, most idioms are neither formal nor informal.

Ⅵ．Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（20%）

60. Analyze and comment, with a diagram, on the italicized words increase, extend and expand in the following three sentences based on the concept of discrimination of synonyms.

[a] The company has decided to increase its sales by ten per cent next year.

[b] The owner of the restaurant is going to extend the kitchen by ten feet this year.

[c] The metal will expand if heated.

61. State the roles of context in determination of word meaning. Illustrate your points with examples.

英语词汇学试题答案

Ⅰ．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（30%）

1. B

2. C

3. B

4. D

5. A

6. D

7. B

8. C

9. B 10. B

11. A 12. C 13. D 14. B 15. D 16. B 17. C 18. B 19. B 20 . B

21. B 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. D 28. B 29. A 30. C

Ⅱ．Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of prefixes;

2) the functions of affixes; 3) types of antonyms; and 4) types of meanings. (10%) 31. D 32. J 33. A 34. I 35. F 36. C 37. H 38. B 39. G 40. E

Ⅲ．Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.（10%）

41. free 42. analytic 43. bound 44. derivatives 45. functional

46. relations 47. degradation 48. ambiguity 49. idiomaticity 50. encyclopedia Ⅳ．Define the following terms.（10%）

51. Borrowed words are words taken over from foreign languages.

52. Conversion is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class.

53. Motivation refers to the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.

54. Narrowing is a process by which a word of wider meaning acquires a specialized sense.

55. Replacement of idioms is a constituent replaced by a word of the same part of speech, resulting in synonymous or antonymous idioms.

Ⅴ．Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.（20%）

56. What are derivational affixes?

Derivational affixes are affixes added to other morphemes to create new words.

57. What is grammatical meaning of a word? Give an example to illustrate your point. Grammatical meaning refers to that part of the meaning of the word which indicates grammatical concept or relationships, such as part of speech of words, singular and plural meanings of nouns, tense meaning of verbs and their inflectional forms. For example, forget (base verb), forgets (3rd person singular form), forgot (past form), forgotten (present perfect form) and forgetting (progressive form).

58. What type of transfer is experienced for the word in bold type?

The fairy tale “The Sleeping Beauty” is very interesting.

Abstract to concrete

59. Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the stylistic features of idioms. Stylistically speaking, most idioms are neither formal nor informal.

False. Idioms are generally felt to be informal and some are colloquialisms and slang, therefore inappropriate for formal style. Occasionally, we find idioms which are extremely formal and used only in frozen style.

Ⅵ．Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（20%）

60. Analyze and comment, with a diagram, on the italicized words increase, extend and expand in the following three sentences based on the concept of discrimination of synonyms.

[a] The company has decided to increase its sales by ten per cent next year.

[b] The owner of the restaurant is going to extend the kitchen by ten feet this year.

[c] The metal will expand if heated.

Synonyms may differ in the range and intensity of meaning. Some words have a wider range of meaning than others. Increase, extend and expand share a general sense but have different implications. Each of the three terms expresses a different kind of enlargement. This can be illustrated by the following graphs.

61. State the roles of context in determination of word meaning. Illustrate your points with examples.

Context plays a vital role in the following three aspects.

1) Elimination of ambiguity. When a word with multiple meanings used in inadequate context, it creates ambiguity, e.g. “He is a hard businessman.” The word hard in this context can mean both “hard-working” and “difficult”. The context fails to narrow down the meaning so that it is difficult for the reader to decide what exactly the speaker means.

2) Indication of referents. English has a large number of words such as now/then, here/there, I/you, this/that, which are often used to refer directly to people, time, place, etc. Without clear context, the reference can be very confusing. For example, the word now always means the time of speaking, naturally referring to a past time when the speech took place in the past or a present moment if the person is speaking.

3) Provision of clues for inferring word meaning. Context may prove extremely valuable in guessing the meanings of new words. Context clues vary a great deal but can be summed up as follows: .definition, explanation, example, synonym, antonym, hyponym, relevant details, and word structure

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英语词汇学 第一部分选择题 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers .Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket（30％） 1. Degradation can be illustrated by the following example[ ] A. lewd → ignorant B. silly → foolish C. last → pleasure D. knave → boy 2. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of: [ ] A. humour B. sarcasm C. ridicule D. all the above 3. The four major modes of semantic change are _____. [ ] A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradation B. extension, generalization, elevation and degradation C. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradation D. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation 4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _____. [ ] A. synecdoche B. metonymy C. substitution D. metaphor 5. Idioms adjectival in nature function as _____. [ ] A. adjectives B. attributes C. modifiers D. words 6. Grammatical context refers to _____ in which a word is used. [ ] A. vocabulary B. grammar C. semantic pattern D. syntactic structure 7. In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changing meaning. This change of constituent is known as _____ . [ ] A. addition B. replacement C. position-shifting D. variation 8. The word "laconic" is _____. [ ] A. onomatopoeically motivated B. morphologically motivated C. semantically motivated D. etymologically motivated 9. CCELD is distinctive for its _____. [ ] A. clear grammar codes B. language notes

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试题三 第一部分选择题 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%) 1.According to the degree of similarity, homonyms can be classified into ( ) A. perfect homonyms B. homonyms C. homophones D. all the above 2.Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example ( ) A. ad for “advertisement” B. dish for “food" C. fond for “affectionate” D. an editorial for “an editorial article" 3.It is a general belief that the meaning does not exist in the word itself, but it rather spreads over ( ) A. the reader’s interpretation B. the neighbouring words C. the writer's intention D. the etymology of the word 4.Which of the following is a prefix of time and order? A. extra- B. pro- C. re- D. semi- 5.Which of the following dictionaries is not a specialized dictionary? A. The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology B. Chamber's Encyclopedic English Dictionary C. Longmont Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs D. Webster's New Dictionary of Synonyms 6.Which of the following statements is Not true? A. Reference is the relationship between language and the world. B. The relationship between a word and its referent is arbitrary. C. Concept is universal to all men alike. D. Sense denotes the relationships outside the language. 7.The words which occur before or after a word and may affect its meaning form ( ) A. physical context B. grammatical context C. lexical context D. linguistic context 8."Smith is an architect. He designed World Trade Center. "The clue provided in the context is ( ) A. definition B. explanation C. example D. hyponym 9.The term "vocabulary" is used in different ways because of all the following reasons EXCEPT that ( ) A. it can refer to the common core of a language B. it can refer to the total number of the words in a language C. it can represent all the words used in a certain historical period D. it can stand for words in given dialect or field 10.The idiom "a dark horse" is a ( ) A. simile B. metaphor

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1、American women were________the right to vote until1920after many years of hard struggle. 1.A.ignored 2.B.neglected 3.C.denied 4.D.refused 2、The antonym of soft is in“a________voice”and in“a________cushion”. 1.A.rough,hard 2.B.rough,rough 3.C.hard,rough 4.D.hard,hard 3、The figure of speech employed in“My father is a sanitary engineer”is _________. 1.A.hyperbole 2.B.euphemism 3.C.litotes 4.D.metonymy 4、Mrs.Smith is afraid that she and her husband don’t see_________on New Year Resolutions. 1.A.face to face 2.B.eye to eye 3.C.back to back

4.D.heart to heart 5、Among the synonymous group,old man,daddy,dad,father and male parent,_______ would most probably used by a lawyer in the court. 1.A.dad 2.B.old man 3.C.father 4.D.male parent 6、Our teacher is now not with us.Aha!When the________is away,the________ will play. 1.A.tiger,monkeys 2.B.cat,mice 3.C.hawk,birds 4.D.old,young 7、I could give an opinion________,but I would rather think about it. 1.A.off the sleeve 2.B.off the cuffs 3.C.off the cuff 4.D.off the sleeves 8、Choked traffic has been a(n)________to urban transportation system. 1.A.archenemy 2.B.primary enemy

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第五章 词汇： reference n.所指 Concept n.概念 identical adj. 同一的；完全相同的 Motivation 理据 Onomatopoeic 拟声的 echoic 拟声的 morphological 形态的 opaque adj. 不透明的；不传热的；迟钝的 literal adj. 文字的；逐字的；无夸张的 figurative 形态的 associations 联想 Etymological 词源 monogamous 单配的 constant adj. 不变的 indeterminate 不确定的 archaic 旧的 Interjections 感叹词 overlaps n. 重叠部分 revealed v. 透露 要点： 一. 1.Reference –the relationship between language and the world.(cat,"she""annimal"ect.) ｛The reference of a word to a thing outside the language is a rbitrary and conventional. This connection is the result of generalization and abstraction. Although reference is abstract，yet with the help of context， it can refer to something specific. ｝

2.Concept–which beyond language, is the result of human cognition,reflecting the objective world in the human mind. It isn’t affected by language. Meaning and concept are closely connected but not identical. Meaning belongs to language，so is restricted to language use. A concept can have as many referring expressions as there are language in the world. 3.Sense – (the meaning of meaning.) denotes the relationship inside the language. Every word that has meaning has sense. The sense of an expression is its place in a system of semantic relationships with other expressions in the language. It is also abstraction. 二.Motivation-accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its mean ing. English does have words whose meanings can be explained to a certain extent. Most words are non-motivated. The connection of the sign and meaning dose not have a logical explanation. 1.Onomatopoeic Motivation – the words whose sounds suggest their meaning. （Indicate the relationship between sound and meaning）. Knowing the sounds of the words means understanding the meaning. These words we created by imitating the natural sounds or noises. (For example，bang，ping-pang，crow by cocks，etc. ) Such echoic words are also conventional for the sounds we say in English may not be the same in other language.

英语词汇学 英语词汇学习题2及答案

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全国英语词汇学(00832)高等教育自学考试试题与答案

全国高等教育自学考试 英语词汇学试题 课程代码：00832 Ⅰ．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（30%）1．According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.（） A．meaning B．Sound C．combination of sounds D．Group 2．The pronunciation has changed ______ spelling over the years.（） A．more slowly than B．As quickly as C．more rapidly than D．Not so quickly as 3．Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by ______.（）A．use frequency B．notion C．origin D．sound 4．Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following EXCEPT______.（） A．green revolution B．fast food C．moon walk D．space shuttle 5．Semantic change means an old form which takes on a new ______ to meet the new need. （）A．form B．meaning C．look D．pronunciation 6．Reviving archaic words also contribute to the growth of English vocabulary. For instance, in American English “fall” means ______ in British English.（） A．four B．fell C．for D．autumn 7．The plural morpheme “-s” is realized by /s/after the following sounds EXCEPT ______. （）A．/t/ B．/g/ C．/p/ D．/k/ 英语词汇学试卷第 1 页共9 页