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新世纪综合英语 (英专)第二版 unit 5 Fourteen steps 教案 word

Unit 5 Fourteen Steps

Section One Pre-reading Activities (2)

I. Audiovisual supplement (2)

II. Cultural information (2)

Section Two Global Reading (3)

I. Main idea (3)

II. Structural analysis (3)

Section Three Detailed Reading (4)

Text I (4)

Section Four Consolidation Activities (14)

I . Vocabulary Analysis (14)

II Grammar Exercises (17)

III. Translation exercises (19)

IV Exercises for integrated skills (20)

V Oral activities (21)

VI Writing Practice (21)

VII Listening Exercises (22)

Section Five Further Enhancement (25)

I. Text II (25)

II. Memorable Quotes (27)

Unit 5 Fourteen Steps

Section One Pre-reading Activities

I. Audiovisual supplement

Watch a video and answer the following questions.

1. What did the mother mean at the end of the video ?

2. What do you know about the movie Forrest Gump?

（插入视频）

Answers to the Questions:

1. She was trying to tell her boy that everybody should be treated equally, even for those who had some physical or intelligence problems.

2. Forrest Gump is a 1994 film based on Winston Groom’s 1986 novel of the same name. The film, directed by Robert Zemeckis, stars Tom Hanks, Robin Wright Penn, and Gary Sinise. The story is of Forrest Gump, an ordinary man who comes from Alabama and his journey through life meeting historical figures, influencing popular culture, and experiencing firsthand historic events of the late 20th century.

Script:

Doctor:Let’s take a little walk around. How do those feel? His legs are strong, Mrs. Gump, as strong as I’ve ever seen. But his back’s as crooked as a politician. But we’re going

to straighten him right up, aren’t we, Forrest?

Mother:Forrest!

Voiceover:Now, when I was a baby, Mama named me after the great Civil War hero General Nathan Bedford Forrest. She said we was related to him in some way. What he did

was, he started up this club called the Ku Klux Klan. They’d all dress up in their

robes and their bedsheets and act like a bunch of ghosts or spooks or something.

They’d even put bedsheets on their horses and ride around. Anyway, that’s how I got

my name —Forrest Gump. Mama said the Forrest part was to remind me that

sometimes we all do things that, well, that just don’t make no sense.

Mother:All right. What are y’all staring at? Haven’t you ever seen a little boy with braces on his legs before? Don’t ever let anybody tell you they’re better than you, Forrest. If

God intended everybody to be the same, he’d have given us all braces on our legs. Voiceover:Mama always had a way of explaining things so I could understand them.

II. Cultural information

1. Quote

I am quite often asked: How do you feel about having ALS? The answer is, not a lot. I try to lead as normal a life as possible, and not think about my condition, or regret the things it prevents me from doing, which are not that many.

— Stephen Hawking

（适当位置插入图片Stephen Hawking）

Section Two Global Reading

I. Main idea

It is hard to imagine that a blind old man should be willing and able to fix a car for someone else on a dark stormy night. This happened to the author, a crippled man who was afflicted by a progressive disease and who took others’help for granted. Up to that day, the author had lived in disillusionment, self-pity, indifference and selfishness, as he was becoming increasingly feeble. He struggled to climb the fourteen steps every day only to hold on to his sanity, his wife, his home and his job. After he met the blind old man, it suddenly dawned on him that even a handicapped person was capable of performing an act of love for his fellow beings, and that was where the value of life lies.

II. Structural analysis

1.How many parts can the text be divided into and what’s the topic of each part?

According to the development of the story, the text could be divided into four parts, each of which focuses on one topic. Respectively, these topics are about the author’s first life, his second life, his third life and his reflection on the auto-repair incident.

Section Three Detailed Reading

Text I

Fourteen Steps

Hal Manwaring

1They say a cat has nine lives,1 and I am inclined to think that possible since I am now living my third life and I’m not even a cat. My first life began on a clear, cold day in November 1934, when I arrived as the sixth of eight children of a farming family. My father died when I was 15, and we had a hard struggle to make a living. As the children grew up, they married, leaving only one sister and myself to support and care for Mother, who became paralyzed in her last years and died while still in her 60s. My sister married soon after, and I followed her example within the year.

2This was when I began to enjoy my first life. I was very happy, in excellent health, and quite a good athlete. My wife and I became the parents of two lovely girls. I had a good job in San Jose and a beautiful home up the peninsula in San Carlos. Life was a pleasant dream.

Then the dream ended. I became afflicted with a slowly progressive disease of the motor nerves, affecting first my right arm and leg, and then my other side. Thus began my second life …

3In spite of my disease I still drove to and from work each day, with the aid of special equipment installed in my car. And I managed to keep my health and optimism, to a degree, because of 14 steps.

4Crazy? Not at all. Our home was a split-level affair with 14 steps leading up from the garage to the kitchen door. Those steps were a gauge of life. They were my yardstick, my challenge to continue living. I felt that if the day arrived when I was unable to lift one foot up one step and then drag the other painfully after it — repeating the process 14 times until, utterly spent, I would be through — I could then admit defeat and lie down and die.2 So I kept on working, kept on climbing those steps. And time passed. The girls went to college and were happily married, and my wife and I were alone in our beautiful home with the 14 steps.

5You might think that here walked a man of courage and strength. Not so. Here hobbled a bitterly disillusioned cripple, a man who held on to his sanity and his wife and his home and his job because of 14 miserable steps leading up to the back door from his garage.3As I became older, I became more disillusioned and frustrated.

6Then on a dark night in August, 1971, I began my third life. It was raining when I started home that night; gusty winds and slashing rain beat down on the car as I drove slowly down one of the less-traveled roads.4 Suddenly the steering wheel jerked in my hands and the car swerved violently to the right. In the same instant I heard the dreaded bang of a blowout. I fought the car to stop on the rain-slick shoulder of the road and sat there as the enormity of the situation swept over me.5It was impossible for me to change that tire! Utterly impossible! A thought that a passing motorist might stop was dismissed at once. Why should anyone? I knew I wouldn’t! Then I remembered that a short distance up a little side road was a house. I started the engine and thumped slowly along, keeping well over on the shoulder until I came to the dirt road, where I turned in —thankfully. Lighted windows

welcomed me to the house and I pulled into the driveway and honked the horn.

7The door opened and a little girl stood there, peering at me. I rolled down the window and called out that I had a flat tire and needed someone to change it for me because I had a crutch and couldn’t do it myself. She went into the house and a moment later came out bundled in raincoat and hat, followed by a man who called a cheerful greeting. I sat there comfortable and dry, and felt a bit sorry for the man and the little girl working so hard in the storm. Well, I would pay them for it. The rain seemed to be slackening a bit now, and I rolled down the window all the way to watch. It seemed to me that they were awfully slow and I was beginning to become impatient. I heard the clank of metal from the back of the car and the little girl’s voice came clearly to me. “Here’s the jack-handle, Grandpa.”She was answered by the murmur of the man’s lower voice and the slow tilting of the car as it was jacked up.6There followed a long interval of noises, jolts and low conversation from the back of the car, but finally it was done. I felt the car bump as the jack was removed, and I heard the slam of the truck lid, and then they were standing at my car window.

8He was an old man, stooped and frail-looking under his slicker. The little girl was about eight or ten, I judged, with a merry face and a wide smile as she looked up at me. He said, “This is a bad night for car trouble, but you’re all set now.”“Thanks,” I said. “How much do I owe you?” He shook his head. “Nothing. Cynthia told me you were a cripple —on crutches.

Glad to be of help. I know you’d do the same for me. There’s no charge, friend.” I held out a five-dollar bill. “No! I like to pay my way.”He made no effort to take it and the little girl stepped closer to the window and said quietly, “Grandpa can’t see it.”

9In the next few frozen seconds the shame and horror of that moment penetrated and I was sick with an intensity I had never felt before.7 A blind man and a child! Fumbling, feeling with cold, wet fingers for bolts and tools in the dark —a darkness that for him would probably never end until death. I don’t remember how long I sat there after they said good night and left me, but it was long enough for me to search deep within myself and find some disturbing traits. I realized that I was filled to overflowing with self-pity, selfishness, indifference to the needs of others and thoughtlessness.8 I sat there and said a prayer.

10“Therefore all things whatsoever ye would that men should do to you, do ye even so to them: for this is the law and the prophets.”9To me now, months later, this Scriptural admonition is more than just a passage in the Bible. It is a way of life, one that I am trying to follow. It isn’t always easy. Sometimes it is frustrating, sometimes expensive in both time and money, but the value is there. I am trying now not only to climb 14 steps each day, but in my small way to help others. Someday, perhaps, I will change a tire for a blind man in a car — someone as blind as I had been.

Paragraphs 1-2

Questions:

1. What can we infer about the author’s childhood? (Paragraph 1)

We can infer that he lived an unhappy and hard life in his childhood because of the early death of his father and the poor health of his mother.

2. How did his second life begin? (Paragraph 2)

His second life began when he was afflicted with a slowly progressive disease of the motor

nerves, affecting first his right arm and leg, and then his other side.

Words and Expressions

1. be inclined to be likely or tend to do sth.

e.g. In the first instance I was inclined to refuse, but then I reconsidered.

起初我想拒绝，但后来还是重新考虑了。

He was inclined to give them a free hand.

他倾向于放手让他们干。

Synonym:

tend to, be likely to

2. follow one’s example imitate

e.g. Brian persuaded his brother to follow his example and join the army.

I suggest you follow Ted’s example and take some regular exercise.

Synonym:

follow one’s lead

3. afflict vt. cause severe suffering or pain

e.g. He was afflicted with cancer.

他患了癌症。

She was afflicted with conscience.

她受良心责备。

Collocation:

be afflicted with

Derivation:

afflictive a.

affliction n.

Translation:

1. 我对那些受苦受难的人们充满同情。

I have great sympathy for people in affliction.

2. 这种病女人比男人更容易患上。

It is an illness which afflicts women more than men.

4. progressive a. developing gradually

e.g. The build-up of pollutants in the atmosphere has led to a progressive weakening of the ozone

layer.

Since the 1950s there has been a progressive fall in the numbers of adults who cannot read and write.

Synonym:

gradual, little by little

Sentences

1. a cat has nine lives (Paragraph 1)

Explanation: It is a proverb. Cats are very tough and seem able to survive accidents or hardships.

Paragraphs 3-5

Questions:

1. What does the author mean by “I managed to keep my health and optimism, to a degree,

because of 14 steps”? (Paragraph 3)

In a way, the daily exercise of climbing helped to keep his physical capability (health), which in turn made him optimistic that he could continue living.

2. Why does the author call these steps “14 miserable steps”? (Paragraph 5)

Because the fact that everything in his life (his home, his job, his wife and his sanity) seemed to totally depend on these 14 steps made him miserable.

Words and Expressions

5. with the aid of with the help of

e.g. The bacteria can only be seen with the aid of a high-power microscope.

The child was saved and brought back to life with the aid of an international rescue team.

这个孩子在国际救援队的帮助下得救了。

6. install vt. set up

e.g.To minimize the risk of burglary, install a good alarm system.

安装可靠的报警设备，以降低被盗的风险。

The workers are installing a heating system.

工人们正在安装供暖系统。

Derivation:

installation n.

7. to a / some degree partly

e.g. The film was boring to a degree.

这部影片相当枯燥。

A country’s future prosperity depends, to a degree, upon the quality of education of its people. Synonym:

in a sense, in some way

8. hobble vi. walk in an awkward way because your feet are injured

e.g. The old man hobbled along (the road) with the aid of his stick.

那老汉拄着拐杖一瘸一拐地走着。

Synonym:

limp

9. disillusioned a. disappointed

e.g. Disillusioned by his team’s poor performance, the manager resigned.

10. hold on to keep one’s grip on; not let go of

e.g. He tried hard to be in his superior’s good graces in order to hold on to his job.

他想方设法讨上司的欢心，以保住自己的饭碗。

I’d hold on to that house for the time being; house prices are rising sharply at the moment.

目前我不能出让那所房子，此刻房价正在急剧上涨。

11. lead up to come before and result in

e.g. The events that led up to the murder were shown in a series of flashbacks.

The report describes the negotiations that led up to the settlement.

Activity: Choose a word or phrase and change its form if necessary to fill in each blank in the following sentences.

1. ____ your umbrella so that it won’t be blown away. (Hold on to)

2. She was anxious to enlighten me about the events that _____ the dispute. (led up to)

3. All the other teachers are thoroughly _____with their colleagues. (disillusioned)

4. Some of the runners could only manage to ____ over the finishing line. (hobble)

5. _____ the searching dog, the rescue team has rescued many people’s lives in the earthquake. (With the aid of)

Sentences

2. I felt that if the day arrived when I was unable to lift one foot up one step and then drag the other painfully after it — repeating the process 14 times until, utterly spent, I would be though —I could then admit defeat and lie down and die. (Paragraph 4)

Translation: 我感到如果哪天我不能先抬起一只脚，另一只脚再痛苦地跟上，并把这一动作重复14次，直到疲惫不堪，那我就完了。这一天到来之时，就是我承认失败、倒下、死亡之时。

3. Here hobbled a bitterly disillusioned cripple, a man who held on to his sanity and his wife and his home and his job because of 14 miserable steps leading up to the back door from his garage. (Paragraph 5)

Paraphrase: Painfully and bitterly, a disabled man hobbled around here. Owing to the 14 miserable steps leading up to the back door from his garage, the man could keep up to his sanity and his wife and his home and his job.

Translation: 这是一个梦想破灭、痛苦失望的残疾人，他蹒跚着，正是因为有了这条从车库通向后门的可怕的14级台阶，他才能保持理智、陪伴妻子、维护家庭、坚持工作。

Paragraph 6

Questions:

Why did the author dismiss the thought at once that any passing motorist would offer help at the moment? (Paragraph 6)

Because he knew that he would not stop if he were a passing driver in that situation.

Words and Expressions

12. swerve vi.turn sharply and suddenly

e.g. The car swerved to the right.

I will never swerve from my declared policy on this matter.

我决不背离我已经宣布的在这个问题上的政策。

Synonym:

turn, change

13. sweep vi. to move, especially quickly and powerfully

e.g. Her eyes swept the room.

她的眼睛扫视了一下房间。

A wave of panic swept over her.

一阵惊恐袭上她的心头。

Comparison:

clean the most common word, clean a dirty place or dirty object

clear to remove or get rid of whatever is blocking or filling something, or to stop being blocked or full

sweep give a cleaning with a broom, sometimes used figuratively

mop to wash or wipe with or as if with a mop

wipe to slide something, especially a piece of cloth, over the surface of something else, in order to remove dirt, food or liquid

scrub to rub something hard in order to clean it, especially using a stiff brush, soap and water

1.I _____my shoes on the mat before I came in. (wiped)

2.The mayor is determined to____ up the city. (clean)

3.It took several hours to ___ the road after the accident. (clear)

4.I have to____ the kitchen floor at least once a day. (mop)

5.Although she ____ the old pot thoroughly, she could not make it look completely clean.

(scrubbed)

14. dismiss vt.

1) refuse to accept that sth. might be true or important

e.g. The government has dismissed criticisms that the country’s health policy is a mess.

2) formally ask or order someone to leave; fire

e.g. At first she threatened to dismiss us all, but later she relented.

起初她威胁要解雇我们所有的人，但是后来她态度软化了。

Derivation:

dismissible a.

Sentences

4. …gusty winds and slashing rain beat down on the car as I drove slowly down one of the less-traveled roads. (Paragraph 6)

Paraphrase: Strong winds and heavy rain slammed the car when I drove slowly along the less-traveled roads.

Translation: 狂风阵阵，倾盆大雨敲打着车身，我缓缓地驾车沿着一条车辆罕至的公路行驶。

5. … the enormity of the situation swept over me. (Paragraph 6)

Paraphrase: … the seriousness of the situation gripped me.

Translation: ……坐在车内，我深感形势危急。

Paragraph 7

Questions:

1.Was there any hint that indicates something unusual about the man? (Paragraph 7)

There were some indications: first, they were working awfully slow; second, the little girl obviously handed to the man something (the jack-handle) the man was unable to find.

2. How did the author feel when the man and the little girl were working in the storm? (Paragraph 7)

The author first felt sorry that he sat in the car dry and comfortable, while they were working in the heavy rain. But his uneasiness was soon relieved by the thought that he would pay them.

Words and Expressions

15. peer at look very carefully or hard at

e.g. Walter peered anxiously at his father’s face.

Collocation:

peer through

peer into

e.g. She peers through the mist, trying to find the right path.

The driver was peering into the distance trying to read the road sign.

16. slacken vt. become slower or less active

e.g. The train slackened speed as it approached the station.

火车快到站时减慢了速度。

We slackened our pace as we reached the village.

17. jack up lift with a jack (a device for lifting heavy objects)

e.g. Why don’t you jack it up and we’ll have a look at the suspension?

Fred jacked up the car and started to unscrew the wheel nuts.

18. interval n. a period of time between activities

e.g. He comes back to see us at regular intervals.

他每隔一段时间就回来看我们。

There is an hour’s interval to the next train.

下一火班车还要过一小时才开。

Collocation:

at intervals不时，时时；每隔一段时间（距离）

at intervals of相隔，每隔

Activity: Fill in each of the following blanks with a word or expression in its proper form.

1. In the budget the chancellor is bound to____ the price of cigarettes. (jack up)

2. _____ in heavy clothes, the pedestrians walked hurriedly against the piercing cold wind.

(Bundled up)

3. When no one answered the door, she ____through the window to see if anyone was there.

(peered)

4. We see each other _____ — usually about once a month. (at regular intervals)

5. There’s often a long ___ between an author completing a book and it appearing in the

shops. (interval)

Sentences

6. She was answered by the murmur of the man’s lower voice and the slow tilting of the car as it was jacked up. (Paragraph 7)

Translation: 老人用低沉的声音回应了她。随着千斤顶把汽车托起，车身缓慢地倾斜。

Paragraph 8

Questions:

1. Why did the old man refuse to accept the author’s payment?

Because the old man took it for granted that offering free help to disabled people is what everyone should do, especially when they are in trouble. He believed that the author would have done the same for others.

2. When did the author realize that the old man was blind?

The author did not realize it until the little girl explained to him “Grandpa can’t see it.”

Words and Expressions

19. frail a. weak and poor in health

e.g. A frail old woman with a walking stick came slowly down to the gate to meet us.

His frail arm could barely hold his plate.

20. charge n. the price that you have to pay for a service or for sth. you buy

e.g. No charge is made for repairs.

They are happy to give their services free of charge.

Derivation:

chargeable a.

Activity: Translate the following sentences into English:

1. 她身体虚弱已有好几个月了。

Her health has been frail for months.

2. 只要你预先付款，我们就不收你送货费。

As long as you’ve paid in advance, we won’t make any charge to you for delivery.

Paragraphs 9-10

Questions:

1. How did the author react to the girl’s words? (Paragraph 9)

On hearing the little girl’s words, the author was stunned for a few seconds, full of shame and horror, because as a handicapped man, he had taken others’help for granted and had never expected that a blind man would work on the dark stormy night for him out of pure warm-heartedness for a fellow human being. This contrasts his own selfishness and indifference to the needs of others before the incident.

2. How did the author re-evaluate the 14 steps? (Paragraph 10)

The author came to be aware that some people who had the same or worse adversity were always ready to offer help. For him the 14 steps were not the whole thing in his life. There are other people he should give help to when he was struggling against his own adversity.

Words and Expressions

21. penetrate vt. enter, pass (into or through)

e.g. Amazingly, the bullet did not penetrate his brain.

In most jellyfish, these stinging cells are so small that they can’t penetrate human skin. Derivation:

penetration n. a movement into or through something or someone; insight

e.g. He writes with penetration.

他写的文章尖锐深刻。

What is your idea toward globalization and cultural penetration?

你对全球化和文化渗透有什么想法？

22. fumble vi. move the fingers in an attempt to do sth. awkwardly

e.g. She fumbled about in her handbag for a pen.

她在手提袋中搜寻钢笔。

They fumbled around / about (= moved awkwardly) in the dark, trying to find their way out of the cinema.

23. overflow vi./vt. be so full that the contents go over the sides; be very full

e.g. The river overflowed its banks.

河水漫过了两岸。

The crowd overflowed the auditorium.

礼堂里挤满了人。

Synonym:

flood, fill

24. indifference n. lack of interest, love, etc.

e.g. Her apparent indifference made him even more nervous.

她表面上若无其事反而使他更加紧张。

His indifference was a fuel to her hatred.

他无动于衷使她的怨恨火上加油。

Derivation:

indifferent a.

25. thoughtlessness n. the attitude of forgetting about the needs of other people

e.g. I’m sorry to make you so painful. Please forgive my thoughtlessness.

Note:

thoughtless a.

e.g. It was thoughtless not to phone and say you’d be late.

She’s not intentionally unkind — she’s just a little thoughtless sometimes.

Sentences

7. In the next few frozen seconds the shame and horror of that moment penetrated and I was sick with an intensity I had never felt before. (Paragraph 9)

Paraphrase: I had never been so overwhelmed by shame and horror as I was in the next few seemingly never-ending seconds.

Translation: 接下来的几秒钟里，时间仿佛凝固了，那一刻羞愧与恐惧感将我穿透，那强烈的痛苦我从未感受过。

8. I realized that I was filled to overflowing with self-pity, selfishness, indifference to the needs of others and thoughtlessness. (Paragraph 9)

Translation: 我意识到自己内心充满了自怜、自私和对别人需要的漠然与忽视。

9. “Therefore all things whatsoever ye would that men should do to you, do ye even so to them: for this is the law and the prophets.”(Paragraph 10)

Paraphrase: Therefore, do to other people whatever you would like them to do to you: because this is the regulation and principle.

Translation: 因此，无论你希望别人为你做什么，你都应先为别人做。因为这就是规则和先知。

Section Four Consolidation Activities

I . Vocabulary Analysis

1. Phrase practice

1. with the aid of with the help of 在……的帮助下

e.g. With the aid of my friends, I finished my task on time. 在朋友的帮助下，我按时完成了任

务。

2. peer at look very carefully and hard at 凝视

e.g. She peers at him closely, as if not believing it really is him. 她仔细地瞧着他，似乎不相信

真会是他。

3. be all set be ready 准备就绪，安排妥当

e.g. We were all set to leave when it started to rain. 我们正准备离开，这时候却开始下雨了。

He is all set for an early morning start. 他已做好清晨出发的一切准备。

4. indifference to not caring about 对……漠不关心

e.g. His indifference to future needs is unfortunate. 他对未来的需要漠不关心，这真令人遗憾。

It shows an unattractive indifference to your employer and to your job. 它表明你对雇主和你的工作态度冷漠，不感兴趣。

2. Word derivation

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.

1. You always follow your own inclination (incline) instead of thinking of our feeling.

2. The men stood in front of the bar, indifferent (indifference) to the argument that was going on across the road.

3. The company has had a successful first year at home but penetration (penetrate) of the international market has been slow.

4. We hadn’t seen her for many years and were very shocked by her frailty (frail).

5. He does not consider his deafness an affliction (afflict).

6. We were all very impressed by the excellence (excellent) of the design.

7. Her fever is getting progressively (progress) worse. I think we should call a doctor.

8. The honeymoon period was soon followed by the usual disillusionment (disillusion) with

day-to-day reality.

1.incline v. 使有……倾向，易于；爱好

inclination n. 倾向，意愿

inclined a. 有……倾向的；倾斜的

e.g.我在夏天易于疲劳。

I’m inclined to tiredness in summer.

我可不愿意一晚上都听你说话。

I have little inclination to listen to you all evening.

2.indifference n. 不重视，无兴趣，漠不关心

indifferent a. 漠不关心的，冷淡的

indifferently ad. 不在乎地，冷淡地，淡然地

e.g. 他对她的伤心无动于衷。

He is indifferent to her sadness.

3.penetrate v. 穿透，渗透；看穿

penetrating a. 敏锐的，尖锐的；穿透的，透彻的

penetration n. 渗透，侵入，突破

e.g.幸运的是，子弹没有穿过他的大脑。

Luckily, the bullet did not penetrate his brain.

这种特殊材料具有良好的渗透性。

This special material has a good penetration.

4.frail a. 脆弱的，虚弱的

frailty n. 脆弱，意志薄弱；弱点

e.g. 人性的弱点之一是懒惰。

One of the frailties of human nature is laziness.

5.afflict v. 使苦恼，折磨

affliction n.痛苦，苦恼，苦难

e.g.她得了痛风病。

She was afflicted with gout.

6.excellent a. 极好的，杰出的

excellence n. 优秀，卓越，优点

excellently ad.优秀地，超群地

e.g. 这个男孩下定决心要成为一名优秀教师。

The boy made up his mind to become an excellent teacher.

这家商号是优质的保证。

The firm is a byword for excellence.

7.progress n. 进步，发展，前进

progression n. 前进

progressive a. 前进的，渐进的

e.g.老师说这个学生学习进步很快。

The teacher says that this student is showing rapid progress in his studies.

她是那个时代最进步的作家。

She is the most progressive writer of those times.

8.disillusion n. 觉醒，幻灭

disillusionment n. 幻灭感

disillusioned a. 大失所望的，幻想破灭的

e.g. 她仍然相信有圣诞老人，要是让她这一幻想破灭有些残忍。

She still believes in Santa Claus and it would be cruel to disillusion her.

3 Synonym / Antonym

Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.

1. And I managed to keep my health and optimism, to a degree, because of 14 steps.

Antonym: pessimism

2. Not so. Here hobbled a bitterly disillusioned cripple, a man who held on to his sanity and his wife and his home and his job because of 14 miserable steps leading up to the back door from his garage.

Synonym: painfully, desperately

3. She went into the house and a moment later came out bundled in raincoat and hat, followed by a man who called a cheerful greeting.

Antonym: cheerless, unhappy, gloomy

4. I started the engine and thumped slowly along, keeping well over on the shoulder until I came to the dirt road, where I turned in — thankfully.

Synonym: fortunately

5. He was an old man, stooped and frail-looking under his slicker.

Synonym: weak, delicate, feeble

6. As I became older, I became more disillusioned and frustrated.

Synonym: disappointed

7. I realized that I was filled to overflowing with self-pity, selfishness, indifference to the needs of

others and thoughtlessness.

Antonym: selflessness, unselfishness

8. There followed a long interval of noises.

Synonym: period

4. Compounding

Write in each space the meaning of each given word.

1. likewise in the same way

2. underway in progress

3. carefree with no concern

4. forthcoming coming soon

5. stand-by something ready for use

6. user-friendly handy to use

7. soundproof preventing the passage of sound

8. landlocked almost or entirely surrounded by land

II Grammar Exercises

1. Numerals

Cardinal numerals express integer (whole) abstract numbers, or the number / amount of the determined nouns in literal form. In addition to being numerals determining nouns, cardinal numerals may also work as:

1. adjectives

2. nouns

3. numeral “one” can also be a pronoun

The different ways to express “around”: around, about, nearly, some, more or less, or so, thereabouts, etc.

Ordinal numerals are used to express an / the order in a series. In addition to being numerals determining nouns, ordinal numerals may also work as:

1. adjectives

2. nouns

3. adverbs

Ordinal numerals allow both articles ahead. Again, the article determines the noun only, not the numeral.

Fractional numeral is used to express parts of a whole. Commonly, it takes two forms:

1. Common fraction

Work according to the formula: Wholes + Numerator / Denominator

e. g.1 2/3 = (is equal to or means) one (whole) and / plus two thirds

Note the “s” added to the denominator: “thirds”.

2. Decimal numbers

Work according to the formula: Whole numbers (point) decimals

e. g.12.15 = (is equal to or means) twelve fifteen, or twelve point fifteen

Practice:

Correct the errors in the following sentences.

1. He was not due at the office for another three-quarter of an hour.

2. This is the worst disaster I can remember in my plus 25 years as a police officer.

3. It took him one and a half hour to finish the task.

4. Five hundred yuan a month are enough to live on.

5. Three fourth of the buildings was ruined.

6. He is a student of the Class Two.

Key:

1. He was not due at the office for another three-quarter of an hour.

three quarters

2. This is the worst disaster I can remember in my plus 25 years as a police officer.

25 years plus

3. It took him one and a half hour to finish the task.

hours

4. Five hundred yuan a month are enough to live on.

5. Three fourths of the buildings was ruined.

were

6. He is a student of the Class Two.

Class Two

2. Determiners (both, each, either or neither, some, any)

Determiners are used in front of nouns to indicate whether you are referring to something specific or something of a particular type.

Both is used to indicate that the action or state denoted by the verb applies individually to each of the two entities. When both is used with and to link parallel elements in a sentence, the words or phrases that follow them should correspond grammatically. Both can only collocate with plural count nouns.

e. g. Both her fingers are broken.

Both Mary and Tom like reading English novels.

The phrase beginning with each identifies a set of items wherein the words following each identify the individual elements by their shared characteristics. The phrase is grammatically singular in number, so if the phrase is the subject of a sentence, its verb is conjugated into a third-person singular form. Similarly, any pronouns that refer to the noun phrase are singular. e. g. Each candidate has 49 votes.

Each voter must decide for herself.

Either and neither are used in sentences concerning a possible choice between two items. Either can mean one or the other (of two) or each of two.

e.g. I’ve got tea and coffee, so you can have either. (one or the other)

The room has a door at either end. (both)

Neither means not the first one and not the second one.

e. g. Neither of the students were listening.

Both, some and any appear before nouns. Some and any may be used with countable and uncountable nouns.

e. g.He bought some sandwiches for lunch.

He didn’t see any stars when he visited Hollywood.

He ate some cheese with his sandwiches.

He never drinks any coffee at night because then he can’t sleep.

Practice

Fill in each of the blanks with some, any or one of their compounds.

1. The repairs will cost _____________ in the region of $500.

2. I was amazed that ___________ 400 people came to the meeting to discuss the new scheme

for a shopping center.

3. George ought to be able to tell whether that old plate is valuable. He is _____________ of

an expert on china.

4. What have you been up to? I haven’t seen ______ of you for ages.

Key:

1. something

2. some

3. something

4. anything

III. Translation exercises

1. 这位电影演员比大多数人更愿意帮助残疾人，因为他自己十年前曾中风过。（be inclined

to）

Translation:

This film actor is more inclined than most other people to help the handicapped because he himself suffered a stroke ten years ago.

Practice:

我们更在意与陌生人、同事间的人情债，对朋友、家人就不太计较了。

We are more inclined to keep track of give-and-take with strangers and colleagues than with our friends and family.

父母的教导如果坚定、始终如一和理性，孩子就有可能充满自信。

Children with parents whose guidance is firm, consistent, and rational are inclined to possess high levels of self-confidence.

2. 美国金融制度中的一些缺陷始终没有得到足够的重视，最终酿成了灾难性的后果。（lead

to）

Translation:

Some of the flaws in the American financial system, which had never received due attention，eventually led to disastrous consequences.

Practice:

忧虑和紧张会导致失眠。

Worries and tension can lead to insomnia.

一个国家的政府若是开始发行大量纸币，那就一定会垮台。

If the government of a country began to issue large amounts of paper money, it would inevitably lead to bankruptcy.

3. 赶快断了这个念头吧——这个想法太疯狂，根本不值得考虑。（dismiss）Translation:

Just dismiss the idea from your mind — it’s crazy and not worth thinking about at all. Practice:

由于工作表现不好，一个月后他被辞退了。

In consequence of his bad work, he was dismissed a month later.

我终于能够摆脱长久以来心中的恐惧了。

At last I am able to dismiss the fear I have harbored for so long.

4. 这位老人虽然身患风湿病，但是还是坚持每天跑步、爬山。（afflict）

Translation:

The old man is afflicted with rheumatism, but he still goes jogging and mountain-climbing every day.

Practice:

整个社会陷入工资猛降，失业增加的悲惨境地。

The grievous predicament of falling wages and rising unemployment afflicted the whole community.

希拉里认为奥巴马的演说确实很精彩，但对于困扰国家的问题，她才是那个能给出真正解决方法的人。

Hillary Clinton has said, in effect, that Obama speaks well, but that she offers real solutions to the problems that afflict the nation.

IV Exercises for integrated skills

1. Dictation

With the invention of the radio, / newspaper publishers wondered / how broadcasting would affect them. / Many feared / that the radio as a quick and easy means of keeping people informed / would displace the newspaper industry altogether. /

Others hoped / that the brief newscast heard on the air / would stimulate listeners’ interest in the story, / so they’d buy the paper to get more information. / This second idea turned out to be closer to the truth. / Radio and print actually supported each other. / However, this is not always the case. / Take television and motion pictures for example. / With the popularization of TV, / the motion picture suffered greatly. / Movie attendance dropped / when people chose to stay at home and be entertained.

2. Cloze

It was very late at night on the eve of Memorial Day. A nice-looking white lady got on the subway train (1) with a baby on her right arm and two children after her. I saw her preparing to get off at the next station — which happened to be the place (2) where I had to get off. I could see the steep concrete stairs going up into the street. Should I offer my help (3) as the American white man had done? But how could I, a Negro, approach this white lady (4) who very likely might be prejudiced against Negroes?

What would she say? What would be the first reaction of this white lady? What would I do if she screamed (5) as I went toward her to offer my help? Was I misjudging her? So much is written every day in the daily press against Negroes. I hesitated for a long, long time. The traditional good manners were struggling (6) inside me. Here I was, hours past midnight, face-to-face with a situation (7) that could very well become an incident of prejudice caused by the unjust policy of our society today.

It was a long time. I passed on by her as (8) if I saw nothing. As if I didn’t see (9) that she needed help. I just moved on, half running, leaving the children and the woman (10)alone / behind.

Hints:

2) There should be a relative adverb leading the attributive clause, referring to place.

3) What word can lead an adverbial clause of manner?

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Nature nurtures mankind unselfishly with its rich resources. Yet, man is so carried away in his transformation of nature that he is unaware that it also has limitations and needs constant care. Now worn by the excessive demands of mankind, nature is unable to maintain the ecological balance needed. Humanity is faced with the problem of how to stop, or at least to moderate, the destruction of Mother Nature. T Man in the Realm of Nature Alexander Spirkin The text is downloaded from the website: close 1RT Human beings live in the realm of nature. They are constantly surrounded by it and interact with it. Man is constantly aware of the influence of nature in the form of the air he breathes, the water he drinks, and the food he eats. We are connected with nature by "blood" ties and we cannot live outside nature. 人在自然界亚历山大·斯伯金人类生活在大自然的王国里。他们时刻被大自然所包围并与之相互影响。人类呼吸的空气、喝下的水和摄入的食物，无一不令人类时刻感知到大自然的影响。我们与大自然血肉相连，离开大自然，我们将无法生存。close 2RT Man is not only a dweller in nature, he also transforms it. Humanity converts nature's wealth into the means of the cultural, historical life of society. Man has subdued and disciplined electricity and compelled it to serve the interests of society. Not only has man transferred various species of plants and animals to different climatic conditions, he has also changed the shape and climate of his environment and transformed plants and animals. 人类不仅生活在大自然之中，同时也在改变着大自然。人类把自然资源转变为各种文化，社会历史的财富。人类降服并控制了电，迫使它为人类社会的利益服务。人类不仅把各种各样的动植物转移到不同的气候环境，也改变了他生活环境的地貌和气候并使动植物因之而发生转变。close 3RT As society develops, man tends to become less dependent on nature directly, while indirectly his dependence grows. Our distant

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UNIT ONE 1 .In life ,our stupidest course of action is to cling too much to what we have and refuse to let go. 2 .I am wiling to word in the IT industry, but have no idea haw to go about it. 3. Many people aware of the importance of living in harmony whit nature. 4. Ploblems like the generation gap cannot be sweep under the carper. 5. I never did understand what was eating away at her. 6. He has been at peace with the word all his life. 7. He did not speak out/ say what we through, for one thing, she might not understand, for another, he was said that she might not forgive him. 8. As the years rolled by, he became increasingly interested in / fascinated by Chinese culture. 1.Though we have been successful in our word so far, we must be prepared to tackle difficult problems in the days to come. 2.During the battle, the soldiers did not have many choice, the only alter alternativ to being taken prisoner was to die fighting. 3.There are already initial successes, but for the final victory we will have to wait for another year. 4.There is no universal agreement about the meaning of life. different people have understanding. 5.Unfortunately, a continuing rise in the oil price has crippled the economy of this African country, 6.Although Adam is not her child by blood, her love for him is deep and light was very genuine. 7.Buildings speak of the qualities of the people who design and construct them. 8.We were attracted by the fascinating painting, Its clever use of colour and light was very impressive. 9.A(n) shallow thinker may be able to say something clearly, but a deep thinker make us see that there is something that cannot be said. 10.What happens is not as important as how your react to what happens. 11.The exhibition is held to generate interest in computer science and to get some new ideas for webpage design. 12.Hemingway is book, which is entitled the old man and the sea, tells the story of a fisherman. 13.If the children have been in contract whit the disease, they have stay in hospital for a medical examination. 14.His wife was always complaining at home and he was tired of her constant complaints. 15.Football is a rough game, players get wounded easily. 16.When trying to escape from the prison, the thief was captured by the police. 17.I know you are both proud and fine it difficult to forgive each other such a bad argument, but someone has to make the first move . 18.As William Shakespeare put it in A Midsummer Night is Dream, “Love looks not whit the eyes, but whit the mind. UNIT TWO

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