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中考总复习三 数词、形容词和副词

中考总复习三 数词、形容词和副词
中考总复习三 数词、形容词和副词

中考总复习三数词、形容词和副词

数词知识

一、中考要求:

中考对数词的要求是:基数词表示数目和号码的用法;基数词表示年级、班级、房间和编号的用法;hundred,thousand,million和billion的用法;序数词表示次序的用法;分数的表达方式及用法;定冠词the和序数词连用知识点等。

二、知识要点:

数词:表示数目多少或者顺序先后的词叫数词,它有两种形式:表示数目多少的叫基数词。例如:one 一,two二,three三,four四。表示顺序先后的词叫序数词。例如:first第一,second第二,third 第三,fourth第四,fifth第五。

1.基数词:

A. 基数词的构成:

(1) 1-12的基数词是:one 1, two 2, three 3, four 4, five 5, six 6, seven 7, eight 8,

nine 9, ten 10, eleven 11, twelve 12。

(2) 13-19的基数词:分别在3-9的基数词后加词缀-teen,但要注意几个特殊变化的基数词:

13-thirteen,15-fifteen, 18-eighteen。

(3) 20-90的逢十的基数词:分别在2-9的基数词后加-ty构成,即:

20-twenty,30-thirty,40-forty,50-fifty,60-sixty,70-seventy,80-eighty,

90-ninety。(注意20,30,40,50,80拼写的特殊变化。)

(4) 21-29的基数词:由十位数20的单词形式twenty加个位数1-9构成。中间用连字符。即:

21-twenty-one,22-twenty-two,23-twenty-three,24-twenty-four,25-twenty-five,26-twenty-six,27-twenty-seven,28-twenty-eight,29-twenty-nine。

其他的十位数照此类推。

(5) 百位数是由1-9加hundred构成。例如:200-two hundred。有百位数、十位数和个位数的三位数,百位数和十位数之间用and连接。例如:127-one hundred and twenty-seven。

(6) 千位数是由1-9加thousand构成,后面的百位数、十位数和个位数与前面的构成方法一样。

例如:3000-three thousand。1,149-one thousand one hundred and forty-nine。

位million。

B. 基数词应用的几点注意事项:

(1) 基数词可以用来表示年级、班级、房间号码、电话号码和编号。并且单词开头字母要大写。例如:

I am in Class Five, Grade Nine. 我在九年级五班。

Tomorrow we are going to learn Lesson Five. 明天我们将要学习第五课。

(2) 基数词作为数字在句子中作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。例如:

In the western countries, people think thirteen is unlucky number.

在西方国家,人们认为13是一个不吉利的数字。

但是代表可数名词的复数形式时要用复数,例如:

Two of them are from America. 他们中有两人是从美国来的。(Two = Two people)

(3) 基数词的单位hundred,thousand,million和billion等用来表示具体数目,前面有具体的基数词时,这些词的后面不加-s。例如:

There are ten hundred students in our school. 我们学校有1000名学生。

但是当hundred,thousand,million和billion等用来表示不具体的数目时用“hundreds/ thousands/millions/ billions of +名词”来表示,这些词的前面也不用具体的基数词。例如:We have already planted thousands of trees on the farm.

我们在农场里已经种植了成千上万棵树。

2. 序数词:

A. 序数词的构成:

(1) 1-19的序数词除了第一(first),第二(second)和第三(third)之外,其他的序数词是由基数词加后缀-th构成的。例如:第四-fourth,第六-sixth,第七-seventh等。注意几个序数词的特殊变化:fifth 第五,eighth 第八,ninth 第九,twelfth 第十二。

(2) 逢十的序数词的构成方法是:先将“几十”的基数词的词尾-ty变为-ti再加eth。

例如:第20-twentieth,第30-thirtieth,第40-fortieth。

(3) 两位数的序数词如果包含1-9的个位数,十位数用基数词,个位数用序数词。

例如:第21-twenty-first,第34-thirty-fourth。

(4) 百、千、万的序数词有hundred-hundredth,thousand-thousandth。

B. 序数词的用法:

(1) 序数词在句子中主要作定语,有时也可以用作主语、宾语和表语。例如:

The sixth man went forward to feel the elephant. 第六个人走上前去摸象。

My sister is the fourth in this exam. 我妹妹这次考试是第四名。

(2) 定冠词the和序数词连用表示顺序。不定冠词a/an和序数词连用表示“又一、再一”的意思。

例如:

You are the second and I am the fourth. 你第二,我第四。(表示顺序)

Can you do it a third time? 你能再做一次吗?(已经做过两次了)

3. 分数表示法:

分数是以基数词代表分子,序数词代表分母,除了分子是“1”的情况外,分母的序数词都要用复数。

a half 1/2 one third 1/3 two thirds 2/3 a (one) quarter 或one fourth 1/4

分数在句子中作主语的时候,谓语动词的单、复数形式由of后面的名词来决定。如果of后面的名词是可数名词的复数形式,谓语动词用复数形式;如果of后面的名词是不可数名词,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。例如:

It is said that two thirds of information on the Internet is not true.

据说互联网上三分之二的信息是不真实的。

Two fifths of the students in my class are from the village.

我们班五分之二的学生来自那个村子。

4. 年、月、日、时的表示法

(1) 年代

890 eight hundred and ninety 1984 nineteen eighty-four

2000 two thousand 2009 two thousand and nine

1990’s (1990s) nineteen nineties 二十世纪九十年代

(2) 日期 September 1, 2009,读作:September the first, two thousand and nine

(3) 时刻

三、易错点点拨:

1. 基数词和序数词用法混淆。

〔解析〕:本句子是考查基数词和序数词的不同用法,从句子的意思理解第一个划线部分表示年龄,应该用基数词;第二个画线部分用序数词ninth表示“昨天她过第九个生日”。所以把第一个画线部分改为nine,第二个画线部分改为ninth。

(2) This is the three time you’ve made it wrong.

〔解析〕本句子是考查序数词的用法,从句子的意思理解是用序数词和定冠词连用表示“第三次”的意思。所以把three改为third。

2. 基数词和名词构成合成词时误用复数。

My teacher is a twenty –five-years-old girl.

〔解析〕本句子是考查:基数词+单数名词+形容词构成的合成形容词的用法。中间的名词用单数形式,所以把twenty –five-years-old改为twenty-five-year-old。

3. 基数词表示编号时大小写误用。

—What class are you in? —I am in class five.

〔解析〕基数词可以用来表示年级、班级和房间号码等编号,但基数词和名词第一个字母要大写。所以把class five改为Class Five。

4. hundred\thousand一类词单复数用法混淆。

(1) There are about hundred of children injured during this earthquake.

〔解析〕本句子是考查hundred和hundreds of的用法。表示具体数目的时候,用基数词和这些单词连用,后面不加s。表示约数时,用短语hundreds of,表示“成百上千的”,前面不用基数词。从本句子的意思理解是表示约数,所以把hundred of改为hundreds of。

(2) More than two thousands yuan was stolen last night.

〔解析〕本句子是考查thousand和thousands of的用法。表示具体数目的时候,用基数词和这些单词连用,后面不加s。表示约数时,用短语thousands of,表示“成千的、成千上万的”,前面不用基数词。从本句子的意思理解是表示具体的数目,所以把thousands改为thousand。

5. 分数用法的易错点,例如:

(1) I think two five of the students in our school are working hard at their lessons.

〔解析〕本句子是考查分数的表达法,分子用基数词,分母用序数词,如果分子大于1的时候,分母要加s。例如:七分之二 two sevenths。所以把five改为fifths。

(2) About three fourths of water for the villagers are from this lake.

〔解析〕本句子是考查分数的用法,分数在句中作主语时,后面的名词是可数名词的复数形式,谓语

所以把are改为is。

形容词和副词知识

一、中考要求:

形容词和副词的中考要求是:形容词改为副词(根据句子的需要);形容词和副词的比较级和最高级;某些特殊变化的形容词和副词的比较级(little-less-least等);形容词的同级比较(as/ so ... as...的用法);形容词比较级的叠加句型(如:The more you study,the better you will get)。

二、知识要点:

1. 形容词的知识点

形容词:是用来描写和形容、修饰名词的一类词。大多数形容词具有比较级,形容词的位置一般在其修饰的名词前面。形容词在句子中一般可以作定语、表语和宾语补足语等。例如:

I want to buy a green sweater. 我想买一件绿色的毛衣。(定语)

Our headmaster is ill again.我们的校长又生病了。(表语)

My dog’s death made me very sad. (宾语补足语)

形容词的种类一般有:

(1) 简单的形容词有:good 好的,green 绿色的,long 长的,bright 明亮的

(2) 带有前缀a-形容词:例如:afraid 害怕的,alike 相同的,asleep 睡觉的

(3) 由动词的分词构成的形容词:interesting 有兴趣的,exciting 令人兴奋的;

tired 疲劳的,spoiled 宠坏的。

(4) 一些复合形容词:

数词+名词+形容词,如:five-year-old 五岁的;

名词+现在分词,如:heart-breaking 令人伤心的;

形容词+现在分词,如:good-looking 英俊的。

2. 副词的知识点

副词经常用来作状语,修饰动词或者形容词,副词或整个句子,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。

例如:

Your mother spoke to us politely. 你妈妈非常有礼貌地给我们说话。

Luckily, we met our English teacher at the gate of the school.

幸运的是,我们在校门口遇到了我们英语老师。

副词还可以作表语、宾语补足语和定语等,副词作定语常需放在所修饰词的后面。例如:

Life here is busy and interesting. 这里的生活繁忙而有趣。

3. 形容词和副词的比较等级:

形容词和副词一般有三个等级,即原级、比较级和最高级。一般来说,表示两者同等或不同等程度时

的结构。例如:

My brother is as tall as I. 我弟弟和我一样高。

I will run as fast as I can. 我尽可能跑(和我能跑的速度一样快)。

It is not so hot in Beijing as in Wuhan. 北京没有武汉热。

表示两者的比较时用比较级,通常用“形容词/ 副词比较级+than”的结构。例如:

I am much better than I was yesterday. 我比昨天好多了。

Math is less interesting than English. 数学不如英语有兴趣。

表示一定范围内两者以上的比较时,用最高级,通常用“the + 形容词/ 副词最高级(+名词) + of (in) ...”的结构,只是副词最高级前可省去定冠词the。例如:

This is the busiest day of the week. 这是我本周最繁忙的一天。

My sister sings best in my family. 我妹妹是我们家唱歌最好的。

4. 形容词和副词的比较级变化:

规则变化:

(1) 单音节词直接在其后面加-er/-est。例如:

tall-taller-tallest hard-harder-hardest

(2) 以字母e结尾的单音节词在其后面直接加-r/-st。例如:brave-braver-bravest。

(3) 以一个辅音字母结尾闭音节单音节词,双写这个辅音字母再加-er/-est。例如:

big -bigger-biggest;hot-hotter-hottest。

(4) 以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词,先把y改为i,再加-er/-est。例如:

happy-happier-happiest。

(5) 其他双音节词和多音节的词,在前面加more和most。例如:

interesting-more interesting-most interesting

carefully-more carefully-most carefully

(6) 不规则变化:

good/well-better-best bad/ill-worse-worst many/much-more-most

little-less-least far-farther-farthest badly-worse-worst

5. 形容词和副词的比较等级的其他用法

(1) 在同级比较的结构as/ so+原级+as...的前面可以用just,almost,nearly和half等表示程度。

例如:

He doesn’t study half so hard as you. 他学习努力的程度不如你的一半。

(2) 两者相比表示倍数的时候用twice (...times) as+原级+as结构。例如:

他家庭作业的错误是你的二倍。

(3) 比较级前面可以用many,much,far,a little,a bit,a lot等词修饰表示程度。例如:

The sun is much bigger than the earth. 太阳比地球大多了。

We will come back a little later. 我们会稍迟一点回来。

(4) 比较级的前面可以用any和no来修饰。例如:

We were too tired to walk any farther. 我们太疲劳了不能再走很远了。

He was no longer a child. 他不再是一个小孩子。

(5) 两个形容词和副词的比较级可以叠加表示“越来越”的意思。

其结构可以是:比较级+and+比较级,而多音节词可以用more and more+比较级结构。

例如:

The days are getting longer and longer. 天正变得越来越长了。

Your sister becomes more and more beautiful. 你的妹妹变得越来越漂亮了。

(6) 如果表示“越……,就越……”可以用“the+比较级……,the+比较级……”的结构。例如:

The harder you works, the more you will get. 你越努力学习,你得到的就越多。

(7) 当比较的双方属于同一范围内时候,用other或者else排除自己,因为自己不能和自己比较。

例如:

Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China. 上海比中国其他的城市大。

如果比较的双方不属于同一范围内时候,则不存在和自己比较的情况,

所以可以不用other或者else。例如:

Shanghai is bigger than any city in Heilongjiang. 上海比黑龙江的任何城市都大。

三、易错点点拨:

1. 比较级的形式误用。

(1) Your room is more and more dirty. You had better clean it.

〔解析〕本句子是考查形容词的比较级叠加的用法。形容词dirty是以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,它的比较级的叠加不能用more and more+形容词,应该用dirtier and dirtier,所以把more and more dirty改为dirtier and dirtier。

(2) Our school is becoming more beautiful and more beautiful.

〔解析〕本句子是考查形容词的比较级叠加的用法。形容词beautiful是多音节的形容词, 所以它的比较级的叠加用more and more+形容词的结构。所以去掉第一个beautiful。

2. 比较级的修饰词用法混淆。

My English is very better than yours.

〔解析〕本句子是考查形容词比较级前的修饰词的用法。形容词的比较级前面可以用many,much,far,a little,a bit,a lot等词修饰表示程度。但不能用very,所以把very改为much。

3. 形容词和副词比较级、最高级的用法相混淆。

I think the car is fastest of all the three.

〔解析〕本句子是考查形容词的最高级的用法,形容词的最高级前面用定冠词the,副词的最高级前可以不用定冠词the。所以fastest前加the。

4. 比较的对象不一致。

The weather in Beijing is worse than Shanghai .

〔解析〕本句子是考查形容词的比较级用法,两者相比的对象必须一致,北京的天气必须和上海的天气相比。所以把shanghai改为that in Shanghai,用that代替上文提到的weather,以避免重复。

5. 形容词和副词用法混淆。

My English teacher always talks friendly with us. 我们英语老师总是友好地和我们交谈。

〔解析〕本句子是考查副词修饰动词的用法,但是friendly是形容词。应把friendly改为in a friendly way。

中考真题解析

1. The road is over _______ meters long.

A. six hundred and fifty-two

B. six hundreds and fifty-two

C. six hundred, fifty-two

D. six hundred, fifty and two

〔解析〕答案是A。本题考查基数词的用法,三位数的基数词的构成是“数词+hundred+and十位数和个位数”,中间加连字符。例如:352是three hundred and fifty-two。

2. We can see ______ stars at night if there are no clouds in the sky.

A. thousand of

B. thousands of

C. a thousand

D. thousand

〔解析〕答案是B。本句子是考查hundred,thousand等词的用法,当它们表示具体的数目的时候,它们的前面用基数词,这些词的后面不加-s;当它们表示不具体的数目的时候,这些词的后面加-s,并且后面加介词of。本句子是表示不具体的数目,所以选择B。

3. The work is too difficult for Mr. Zhu to finish in a week. He needs ______ days.

A. more two

B. two more

C. two another

D. another more

〔解析〕答案是B。本句子考查数词和比较级连用的用法。句意:这项工作要在一周之内完成对朱先生来说太难了,他还需要两天的时间。在原来的基础上再增加两天应该为“two more days”或“another two days”,所以选B。

4. —How much does it cost to build the school library?

—Four ______ yuan.

A. million

B. millions

C. millions of

D. million of

〔解析〕答案是A。本句子考查hundred,thousand,million等词的用法,当它们表示具体的数目时,

介词of。本句子是表示具体的数目,所以选择A。

5. Dick, it is the ______ time in ______ days that you’ve made the same mistake.

A. two; three

B. second; three

C. two; third

D. second; third

〔解析〕答案是B。本句子是考查数词的用法。此句意思为“Dick,在三天里这是你第二次犯同样的错误了。”第一空应该用序数词表示“第二次”,第二空应该用基数词表示“三天”。所以选B。

6. —What do you think of the new book?

—There are so many new words in ______ chapter. It’s a bit hard.

A. fifth

B. five

C. the fifth

D. the five

〔解析〕答案是C。本居住是考查序数词的用法。定冠词the和序数词连用表示“第几”的意思。从本句子的意思理解是用the fifth chapter表示“第五章”的意思,所以选择C。

7. I think ______ of the materials I listened to at the beginning of the exam _____ easy.

A. two thirds; is

B. second three; are

C. two thirds; are

D. two third; are

〔解析〕答案是C。本题是考查分数的用法,分数的分子用基数词、分母用序数词,分子大于1的时候,分母后面加字母s。如果分数在句子中作主语的时候,后面的名词是可数名词的复数形式,谓语动词用复数形式。本句子的名词materials是可数名词的复数形式,所以谓语动词用are。

8. Let’s go by plane. It’s _______ than by train.

A. faster

B. fastest

C. slower

D. slowest

〔解析〕答案是A。两者之间的比较用比较级,从本句子的意思理解是“乘飞机比坐火车快”,所以用比较级faster,所以选择A。

9. Shark is getting old and can not jump as ______ as he did.

A. high

B. higher

C. highest

D. much higher

〔解析〕答案是A。表示两者相同或不同程度,用同级比较结构:as+原级+as,从本句子的意思理解是用as high as he did表示不能和从前跳得一样高。所以选择A。

10. —Mum, could I have an MP3 like this?

—Certainly, we can buy _______ one, but as good as this. The price of this kind is a little high.

A. a cheap

B. a cheaper

C. a small

D. a smaller

〔解析〕答案是B。本句子是考查形容词比较级的用法,从下文句子的意思理解要表示“我们要买一个比这个更便宜的”,所以用不定冠词a 和形容词的比较级cheaper连用。所以选择B。

11. —Now the air in our hometown is even ______ than it was before.

—So we must do something to stop it.

A. better

B. dirty

C. more better

D. worse

乡的空气比以前更糟糕”,所以用形容词比较级worse,与下面的句子相照应。所以选择D。

12. The busier he is, the _______ he feels.

A. happier

B. happy

C. happily

D. much happy

〔解析〕答案是A。本句子是考查形容词比较级的叠加用法,用“the+比较级+……,the+比较级+……”这个结构表示“越……,就越……”的意思,所以选择A。

13. —Whom would you like to be your assistant, Jack or David?

—If I had to choose, David would be _____ choice.

A. good

B. the better

C. best

D. better

〔解析〕答案是B。两者中间比较好的那一个是特指,应该用定冠词the+形容词的比较级表示。所以选择B。

14. —What do you like _____, tea, coffee or milk?

—Tea, of course.

A. better

B. good

C. well

D. best

〔解析〕答案是D。本句子是考查形容词的最高级的用法,从第一个句子意思理解是三者比较,所以用形容词的最高级的形式。所以选择D。

15. Write ______ and try not to make any mistakes.

A. as careful as possible

B. as carefully as you can

C. most careful

D. more careful

〔解析〕答案是B。本句子是考查副词的同级比较的用法,用as+副词原形+as结构,修饰动词write 用副词carefully,所以选择B。as ... as possible/ you can 意思为“尽可能……。

成果测评

一、单项选择

1. Do you know that March is ______ month of the year?

A. a three

B. the third

C. a third

D. the three

2. My brother is a ______ boy and he can’t go to school now.

A. four years

B. four-year-old

C. four-years-old

D. four years old

3. It is said that the big fish in the lake is about ______.

A. four meters long

B. four meter long

C. four-meter long

D. four-meters long

4. —What’s the date today? —It is _______.

A. March the eighth

B. March eight

C. eight March

D. eighth March

5.—Where does your English teacher live? —He lives on _____ floor of that red building..

A. five

B. fifth

C. the fifth

D. the five

6. This is my _____time to play the piano at our school.

A. second

B. two

C. seconds

D. the two

7. Our English teacher tells us that the _____day of the week is Sunday.

A. seven

B. seventh

C. first

D. one

8. There are _____days in a year.

A. three hundreds sixty-five

B. three hundred and sixty-five

C. three hundred and sixty five

D. three hundreds and sixty five

9. My pen pal, Jack, is in_______ in a high school in American.

A. Three Class, One Grade

B. Class Three, Grade One

C. Grade One, Class Three

D. One Grade, Three Class

10. There are ______months in a year and December is the ______month of the year.

A. twelve; twelve

B. twelve; twelfth

C. twelfth; twelve

D. twelfth; twelfth

11. My brother was born ____.

A. on March 16th, 1998

B. on March 1998, 16th

C. on 1998, March 16th

D. in March 16th 1998

12. During World War II, a Jewish(犹太)lady was protected by a local family in Shanghai in her ______.

A. fifties

B. fifty

C. fiftieth

D. the fiftieth

13. I study in Yu Cai Middle School. There are two________ students in our school.

A. thousand

B. thousands

C. thousand of

D. thousands of

14. Jane didn’t do _______ in the exam, but her exam results are _______ than it was last year.

A. bad; worse

B. good; better

C. well; better

D. well; worse

15. Which animal do you like _______, a cat or a dog?

A. very much

B. best

C. better

D. well

16. We can jump _______ on the moon than on the earth.

A. more high

B. much

C. high

D. much higher

17. When he heard the good news, he felt _______.

A. happier

B. happiest

C. happy

D. happily

18. The more regularly we eat, the _______ we are.

A. healthy

B. healthier

C. healthiest

19. I don’t feel very _______ today.

A. good

B. well

C. nice

D. fine

20. I think English is as _______ as math.

A. important

B. more important

C. most important

D. importanter

21. John Smith is _______ of the two young men.

A. strong

B. stronger

C. the stronger

D. the strongest

22. Our classroom is _______ in the whole school.

A. cleanest

B. the cleanest

C. cleaner

D. the cleaner

23. The question is _______ than the last one.

A very easy B. much easy C. very easier D. much easier

24. —I don’t think maths is so ______ as physics, John.

—I agree with you. It is ______ than physics.

A. easy; less difficult

B. difficult; less easy

C. difficult; less difficult

D. more difficult; easier

25. The Changjiang River is one of the _______ in China.

A. longer river

B. longest river

C. longest rivers

D. long rivers

26. The third cake is _______ of all, but it’s too dear.

A. delicious

B. most delicious

C. more delicious

D. the most delicious

27. I draw _______ and my handwriting is _______.

A. good; good

B. good; well

C. well; good

D. well; well

28. There is ______ meat in this bowl, but I would like a bowl with ______ vegetables.

A more; more B. less; less C. few; little D. many; much

29. My brother likes watching TV very much. He stays in front of the TV for _______ two hours every day.

A. less than

B. more than

C. little than

D. much than

30. Of the four seasons, the _______time to come to Beijing is autumn.

A. good

B. well

C. better

D. best

二、单词填空用括号中所给的词的适当形式填空。

1. My sister is going to have a party for her _______ (twelve) birthday.

2. You can see _______ (thousand) of trees around our village.

3. Four _______ (seven) of the people are going to plant trees on the hill tomorrow.

4. About two fifths of students in our school _____ (go) to college every year.

5. Our school is becoming ______ (beautiful) than it was last year.

6. You should speak to the people _______ (polite).

7. The more he helped us, the _______ (busy) we became.

8. Shanghai is one of the ______ (big) cities in China.

9. The blue sweater is too dear. Can you give me a ________ (cheap) one?

三、完形填空

Mr. Lee had never been up in an airplane before and he had read a lot about accident. So one day when a friend came to his house and 1to take him for a ride in his own small plane, Mr. Lee was very 2 . He thought to himself, “If I don’t agree, my friend may not be happy.

3if I agree, I am really afraid that there might be some danger.”4, however, his friend made him believe that it was very 5, and Mr. Lee got on the plane.

His friend started the engine (发动机) and the plane began 6along on the ground of the airport. Mr. Lee was very 7and closed his eyes. After a 8or two, he opened them again, looked out of the window of the plane, and said to his friend, “Look 9those people down there. They look as 10 as ants, don’t they?”“Those are ants.”answered his friend, “We are still on the ground.”

() 1. A. offered B. allowed C. agreed D. afforded

() 2..A. excited B. grateful C. worried D. glad

() 3. A. But B. For C. So D. As

() 4. A. First B. Second C. Last D. Finally

() 5. A. interesting B. safe C. comfortable D. enjoyable

() 6. A. moved B. left C. leaving D. to move

() 7. A. happy B. frightened C. worried D. excited

() 8. A. minute B. hour C. day D. week

() 9. A. on B. up C. at D. around

() 10.A. big B. small C. smaller D. bigger

四、阅读理解

We always get free plastic (塑料的) bags when we do some shopping in the supermarket. But after June 1st this year, if you get the plastic bags in the shop or market, you will pay for it. From June 1, 2008, Chinese Government decided to ban (禁止) free using plastic bags in the market. Many people think it is very convenient to use plastic shopping bags when we buy something in the market. But a lot of people worry about the “white pollution”.

“Many years ago, I used to use cloth bags or baskets when I bought something in the shop”, an old lady said to us, “People began to use the plastic bags about fifteen years ago. It is very convenient for us. But now it brings us much pollution.”“Yes. We see plastic bags flying everywhere when it is windy. And there are so many plastic bags around my house. They give out terrible smell during summer.”Sun Ya, a fast food restaurant owner said. About 70% people in the market agree to ban free plastic bags.

Since June 1st, all the supermarkets, stores and shops mustn’t give people free plastic shopping bags. The ban also advises people to use more cloth bags or shopping baskets when they go shopping. So the different cloth bags in the shop become popular. You can use them again and again.

We have only one home —the earth. It’s time for us to do something for our home. So let’s try not to use plastic bags.

() 1. Many people like to use plastic bags when they go shopping because _______.

A. they are very strong

B. they are free and very convenient

C. they are good for us

D. they are very beautiful

() 2. More and more people agree to ban free plastic bags in the market because _____.

B. they are harmful to our environment

C. more and more people use the plastic bags without paying any money

D. the resources (资源) of plastic in our country is not so much.

() 3. People used to take _______ when they went shopping fifteen years ago according to the passage.

A. plastic bags

B. cloth bags

C. shopping baskets

D. B or C

() 4. People have used the plastic bags for about _________.

A. fifteen years

B. twenty years

C. ten years

D. one hundred years

() 5. Why do the Chinese Government decided to ban free using plastic bags?

A. Because people have wasted too much plastic resources.

B. Using too many plastic bags makes our environment worse and worse.

C. Because Chinese people have got more money since June 1st, 2008.

D. The price of plastic in the world has risen since June 1st, 2008.

答案与解析:

一、单项选择

1.答案是B。

本题考查序数词的用法,March是一年的第三个月,所以用定冠词和序数词连用the third表示“第三”的意思。

2.答案是B。

本题考查复合形容词的用法,由基数词+名词单数+形容词构成,中间用连字符。所以选择B。

3.答案是A。

本题考查形容词作表语的用法,数词+名词的复数形式+形容词表示某物多长、多宽或者多高,把形容词放在后面,中间的名词用复数形式,这些词中间不用连字符。

4.答案是A。

表示日期用序数词,三月八日用March the eighth或者March 8th表示。

5.答案是C。

本题考查序数词的用法,表示居住在第几楼是定冠词the和序数词连用。

6.答案是A。

本题考查序数词的用法,物主代词和序数词连用表示“某人的第几次”的意思,从本句子的意思理解是选择A表示“这是我的第二次在学校弹钢琴。”

7.答案是C。

本题考查序数词的用法。根据西方文化习惯Sunday是一星期的第一天,所以用the 和first连用。

8.答案是B。

本题考查基数词的用法,三位数的基数词是数词+hundred+and 十位数和个位数,十位数和个位数中间用连字符。

9.答案是B。

本题考查基数词的用法。表示在几年级几班用基数词,注意:名词在前,数词在后;班级在前,年级在后;第一个字母要大写。

10.答案是B。

本题考查基数词和序数词的用法。表示一年有十二个月用基数词twelve;十二月是一年的第十二个月用序数词twelfth。所以选择B。

11.答案是A。

12.

答案是A。

本题考查基数词的用法,表示在某人几十岁的时候用物主代词+基数词的复数形式。例如:in my twenties 在我二十多岁的时候。

13.答案是A。

本句考查thousand和thousands of的用法。表示具体数目的时候,用基数词和这些单词连用,后面不加s。表示不具体数目的时候,用短语thousands of,前面不用基数词。从本句子的意思理解是表示具体的数目,所以选择A。

14.答案是C。

本题考查形容词和副词的用法,第一个空用副词well修饰动词do,构成短语do well in表示在某方面做得好,而选项A和B中的bad、good都是形容词,不能修饰动词;第二个空用形容词的比较级表示和去年成绩的比较,从句子的意思理解是用better。

15.答案是C。

本题考查副词的比较级的用法,从句子的a cat or a dog可以理解是两者比较,所以用形容词的比较级。

16.答案是D。

本题考查比较级用法,从句子的意思理解是在月球上比在地球上跳得更高,所以选择D。

17.答案是C。

本题考查形容词的用法,在连系动词feel的后面用形容词作表语。没有比较,所以不用比较级和最高级。

18.答案是B。

本题考查形容词比较级的叠加用法,表示“我们吃东西越规律,我们就越健康。”的意思,所以用the +比较级,the+比较级的结构。

19.答案是B。

本题考查形容词的用法,在连系动词的后面用形容词作表语,但从句子的意思理解只能用形容词well 表示“身体好”。

20.答案是A。

本题考查形容词比较等级的用法,在同级比较时候用as+形容词的原级+as...结构,所以中间用形容词important。

21.答案是C。

在两者比较的范围内,比较强壮的那一个是特指,要用定冠词the+比较级表示。

22.答案是B。

本题考查形容词的最高级的用法,从句子的in the whole school可以判断一般是三个以上班级的比较,所以用最高级形式,形容词的最高级前用定冠词the。

23.答案是D。

从句子的意思理解是考查形容词的比较级及比较级的修饰词的用法,修饰形容词的比较级可以用much,而不能用very,所以选择D。

24.答案是C。

本题考查形容词比较等级的用法。此句句意:“约翰,我认为数学没有物理那么难。”“我同意,数学比物理简单。”第一空是否定的同级比较,用difficult;第二空由than推断用比较级。less+形容词/副词原形,表示“不如/比……怎么样”。less difficult意思为“不比……难”。

25.答案是C。

本题考查形容词的最高级和短语one of+名词复数形式的用法,表示“最长的河流之一”的意思,所以选择C。

26.答案是D。

本题考查形容词的最高级的用法,delicious是多音节的形容词,它的最高级是the most delicious,所以

27.答案是C。

本题考查形容词和副词的用法。第一个空用副词well修饰动词draw表示画得好;第二个空用形容词good作表语说明主语handwriting的性质,表示“我的书法好”。

28.答案是A。

本题考查形容词的比较级的用法,此题两者比较,应该用比较级;more是many和much的比较级,less是little的比较级,meat是不可数名词,而vegetable是可数名词,因此只能选A。句子的意思是“这一碗里肉多,但我想要一碗蔬菜多的。”

29.答案是B。

本题考查短语more than的用法,它的意思是超过,相当于over。less than意思为“不足、不到”。

30.答案是D。

本题考查形容词的最高级的用法。从句子的意思理解是“在一年四季中来北京最好的时间是秋季”,所以用形容词的最高级the best。

二、单词填空

1.twelfth。

本题考查序数词的用法,从句子的意思理解“我的妹妹要为她的第十二个生日举办聚会”,所以用序数词twelfth表示第十二的意思。

2.thousands。

本题考查thousand和thousands of的用法。表示具体数目的时候,用基数词和这些单词连用,后面不加s。表示不具体数目的时候,用短语thousands of,前面不用基数词。从本句子的意思理解是表示不具体的数目,所以用thousands of 表示。

3.sevenths。

本题考查分数的表达用法,分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于1的时候,分母的序数词后面加s。

4.go。

当分数在句子中作主语的时候,谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于分数后面的名词,本句子的名词是可数名词的复数形式,所以谓语动词用go。

5.more beautiful。

本题考查形容词的比较级的用法。beautiful是多音节的形容词,所以它的比较级是more beautiful。

6.politely。

本题考查副词的用法,修饰动词speak用副词politely。

7.busier。

本题考查形容词比较级的叠加的用法,用the+比较级,the+比较级的结构表示“他越帮我们越忙”的意思。

8.biggest。

本题考查形容词的最高级的用法,用短语one of the biggest cities表示“最大的城市之一”的意思。

9.cheaper。

本题考查形容词的比较级的用法,从句子的意思理解是要买一个更便宜的,所以用a cheaper one来表示。

10.wonderfully。

修饰动词write要用副词wonderfully,在同级比较时用as+原级+as表示,所以本空填写wonderfully。

三、完形填空

1. 选择A。

考查动词的用法,offer to do something是提供某人做某事的机会。

从短文的意思来理解和后面的句子可以看出是“担心”,所以选择worried。

3. 选择A。

这里考查连词,but表示转折的意思,从短文的意思可以看出是“但是,如果我同意,我会害怕……”,所以选择A。

4. 选择D。

从短文的理解可以判断是“最后”的意思。Finally=at last表示最后、终于的意思。

5. 选择B。

需要从短文的上下联系来判断,“他的朋友保证一定是安全的,他才肯上飞机。”所以选择B。

6. 选择D。

动词短语begin to do something是表示开始做某事,动词begin后面用动词不定式。

7. 选择B。

从短文的意思可以看出是“他非常害怕,所以他才闭上眼睛。”

8. 选择A。

这里考查名词的用法,从短文上下文的意思可以判断是一两分钟,其他的名词所表示时间太长,与短文的意思不符合。

9. 选择C。

本题考查动词短语固定搭配。look at表示看某物,look是不及物动词。

10.选择B。

他想说“地上的人像蚂蚁一样小”,as…as的中间应该用形容词的原级。

四、阅读理解

1. B。

细节理解题。根据文章第一段的句子always get free plastic (塑料的) bags when we do some shopping in the supermarket.和后面的句子Many people think it is very convenient to use plastic shopping bags.可知,人们购物的时候用塑料袋是因为免费和方便。

2. B。

细节理解题。根据文章第一段But a lot of people worry about the “white pollution”.

可知,禁止使用塑料袋的原因是它对我们的环境造成污染,也就是人们经常说的白色污染。

3. D。

细节理解题。根据第二段短文的句子Many years ago, I used to use cloth bags or basketball when I bought something in the shop我们可知,人们过去是用布袋或者篮子来购物的,所以答案选D。

4. A。

细节理解题。根据文章第二段的句子“People began to use the plastic bags about fifteen years ago. It is very convenient for us. But now it brings us much pollution.”可以判断人们使用塑料袋的时间是15年左右,所以选择A。

5. B。

文章主题判断题。根据文章内容和最后一段我们可以推断出,本短文的主题是讨论禁止使用塑料袋的原因,“使用太多的塑料袋对我们的环境造成很大的危害。”

形容词和副词比较级的用法

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