2016年职称英语考试《综合类》补全短文试题(2)

2016年职称英语考试《综合类》补全短文试题(2)

1A few countries are using powerful electromagnets to develop high-speed trains,called maglev trains.Maglev is short for magnetic levitation1,which means that these trains float over a guide way using the basic principles of magnets to replace the old steel wheel and track trains.

2If you've ever played with magnets,you know that opposite poles attract and like poles repel each other2.This is the basic principle behind electromagnetic propulsion.Electromagnets are similar to other magnets in that they attract metal objects,but the magnetic pull is temporary.You can easily create a small electromagnet yourself by connecting the ends of a copper wire to the positive and negative ends of an AA-cell battery3.This creates a small magnetic field.If you disconnect either end of the wire from the battery,the magnetic field is taken away.

3The magnetic field created in this wire-and-battery experiment is the simple idea behind a maglev train rail system.There are three components to this system：A large electrical power source,metal coils lining a guide way or track,and large guidance magnets attached to the underside of the train.

4The big difference between a maglev train and a conventional train is that maglev trains do not have an engine——at least not the kind of engine used to pull typical train cars along steel tracks4.The engine for maglev trains is rather innoticeable.Instead of using fossil fuels,the magnetic field created by the electrified coils in the guideway walls and the track combines to propel the trains5.

5The magnetized coil running along the track,called a guideway,repels the large magnets on the train's undercarriage,allowing the train to levitate between1to 10cm above the guideway.Once the train is levitated,power is supplied to the coils within the guideway walls to create a unique system of magnetic fields that pull and push~th train along the guideway.The electric current supplied to the coils in the guideway walls is constantly alternating to change the polarity of the magnetized coils.This change in polarity causes the magnetic field in front of the train to pull the vehicle forward,while the magnetic field behind the train adds more forward thrust.

6Maglev trains float on a cushion of air',eliminating friction.This lack of friction allows these trains to reach unprecedented ground transportation speeds of more than500kph,or twice as fast as the fastest conventional train.At500 kph,you could travel from Paris to Rome in just over two hours.

词汇：

Levitate v.悬浮electrified v.使带电

Levitation n.悬浮magnetize v.使带磁

guideway n.导向槽line v.排列成行

propelb vt.推进underside n.下侧，下面

propulsion n.推进undercarriage n.车盘

注释：

1.Maglev is short for magnetic levitation：maglev是magnetic levitation的缩略词。

2.opposite poles attract and like poles repel each other：异极相吸，同极相斥

3.AA-cell battery：5号电池

4.at least not the kind of engine used to pull typical train cars along steel tracks：至少不是沿着轨道拉动典型的火车车厢的那种发动机。

5.the magnetic field created by the electrified coils in the guideway walls and the track combine to propel the train：由嵌入导向壁内的电磁线圈产生的磁场加上轨道，一起推动火车前进。The magnetic field和the track是句子主语，created by the electrified coils in the guideway walls是过去分词短语，用作定语，修饰the magnetic field.

练习：

1.Paragraph3

2.Paragraph4

3.Paragraph5

A The Main Components of the Maglev Train System

B High-speed Maglev due to Zero Friction

C The Working Principle of the Maglev Train

D Differences between Polarity and Magnetic Field

E Comparison of Maglev Trains with Traditional Ones

F Maglev with a Powerful Motor

4.Paragraph6

5.Several countries in the world are using strong electromagnets

6.You can connect a wire to the positive and negative ends of a battery.

7.A unique system of magnetic fields is created by the coils

8.The frictionless maglev train enables you

A to develop a maglev train rail system

B To explain why maglev trains are faster

C to pull and push the train forward

D to create a magnetic field

E to experiment with the maglev train

F to travel from Paris to Rome in about two hours

答案与题解：

1.第三段了举了磁浮列车的三个组成部分，动力源、金属线圈和此贴。选项A概括了第三段列的内容。

2.E第四段就磁浮列车和传统火车进行了比较：磁浮列车没有发动机而传统火车有发动机。选项C用comparsion来概括是准确的。

3.C第五段比较详细的介绍了为什么磁浮列车会向前运动，也就揭示了磁浮列车的工作原理。

4.B在第五段解释了磁浮列车浮起和向前运动的原理之后，作者在第六段中进行了磁浮列车速度奇快的原因：去除了传统火车的车轮于铁轨的摩擦。

5.A选A的依据是本文第一段第一句：A few countries using powerful electromagnets to develop high-speed trains,called maglev trains.

6.D第二段说，把电线与干电池相连接就能产生一个小磁场，而磁浮列车的运动原理与此相同。第二段第四句是选择D的依据。

7.C第五段的第二句，即“0nce the train is levitated，power is supplied to the coils within the guideway walls to create a unique system of magnetic fields that pull and push the train along the guideway”，是选择c的依据。

8.F本文最后一句举出坐上时速500公里的磁浮列车从巴黎到罗马只需约2小时这个例子来说明磁浮列车速度之快。

Musical Training Can Improve Communication Skills

American scientists say musical training seems to improve communication skills and language retardation.They found that developing musical skills involves the same process in the brain as learning how to speak.The scientists believe that1could help children with learning disabilities.

1.She says musical training involves putting together different kinds of information,such as hearing music,looking at musical notes,touching an instrument and watching other musicians.This process is not much different from learning how to speak.

2.

The further explains musical training and learning to speak each make us think about what we are doing2.She says speech and music pass through a structure of the

nervous system called the brain stem.3.Until recently,experts have thought the brain stem could not be developed or changed.But Professor Kranss and her team found that musical training can improve a person's brain stem activity.

The study involved individuals with different levels of musical ability.They were asked to wear an electrical device that measures brain activity.The Individuals wore the electrode while they watched a video of someone speaking and a person playing a musical instrument——the cello.4.The study found that the more years of training people had,the more sensitive they were to the sound and rhythm of the music3.Those who were involved in musical activities were the same people in whom the improvement of sensory events was the strongest.5She says using music to improve listening skills could mean they hear sentences and understand facial expressions better.

词汇：

retardation n.滞后cello n.大提琴

note n.音符rhythm n.节奏

electrode n.电极sensory adj.知觉的，感官的

注释：

1.scientists believe that could help children with learning disabilities：科学家发现，音乐训练、对学习上有障碍的儿童有帮助。that是从句“that could help children with learning disabilities”中的主语。that指代上一句的developing musical skills involves the same process in the brain as learning how to speak.with learning disabilities是定语，修饰children.

2.musical training and learning to speak each make US think about what we are doin9：音乐训练和学习说话这两者都使我们思考我们正在所做的事。each指musical trainin9和learning to speak中的任何一个。句子的主语是musical training and learning to speak，所以，谓语动词是复数的。

3.the more years of training people had，the more sensitive they were to the sound and rhythm of the music：人们接受音乐训练的年份越长，其对音乐声音和节奏的敏感性也越高。people是前半旬中的主语。

练习：

A Both involve different senses.

B Nina Kraus is a neurobiologist(~E~：~)at Northwestern University in Illinois.

C Some disabled children attended~the musical training Class.

D It shows the importance of musical training to children with learning disabilities.

E Professor Krauss says cellos have sound qualities similar to some of the sounds that are important with speech.

F The brain stem controls our ability to hear.

答案与题解：

1.B“空l”后面的句子的主语是代词she，说明“空l”的句子中有一个女性的名字。选项B有Nina Kraus(Nina“尼娜”是女性名字)，句子的内容是介绍Nina Kraus，与后面句子的意思配得上。B是答案。

2.A本段的第二、三句说，音乐训练和学习这两件事没有什么很大的不同。选项A的“Both involve different senses”解释了为什么这么说，因为两者都涉及不同的感官，也就是上文所列举的“hearing music”(耳听)，“looking at musical notes/watching other musicians”(眼看)，“touching an instrument”(手触)等。

3.F在六个选项中，选项F的句子中出现特指的the brain stem，说明前文已出现过这个词语。这是篇章写作中常用的词汇连接方式。从意义上看，选项F的句子是解释上文提到的brain stem的功能。上下文意思连贯，所以是答案。

4.E同上面第三题的解释一样，选项E的句子中出现特指的the cellos，与上一句的cello相呼应，该句说明科学家为什么要选择大提琴作为音乐训练的乐器，上下文意思连贯，所以E是答案。，

5.D最后一段介绍音乐训练的方法和结果，以及对学习的关联和影响。选项D表达的意思是音乐训练的结果和对学习上有障碍的儿童所产生的正面影响，意思与其前后两句的意思完全配合，D是答案。

More Efforts Urged to Empower Women at AIDS Conference

Prevention is a central issue being discussed at the sixteenth International AIDS Conference in Toronto,Canada.Twenty-four thousand delegates are at the conference which ends Friday.

Bill and Melinda Gates2called for3faster research to,develop preventions like microbicidest for women to use when they have sex.___1___Melinda Gates said the way to"change this epidemic"is to put power in the hands of women5.In southern Africa,for example,about sixty percent of adults living with HIV6;are women.Bill Gates said women today often have no choice but to depend on men not to infect them."A woman should never need her partner's permission to save her own life,"he said as the conference opened Sunday.___2___

On Monday,former President Bill Clinton said more people would get tested for HIV if an aggressive effort took place to fight the stigma.But reducing fears of social rejection is not enough.___3___

Researchers at the conference presented the results of a new study of HIV testing.It involved more than one hundred thousand people tested in California last year.Some received a quick test,with results in about twenty minutes.The others received a test that is more commonly used;the result takes two weeks.The researchers say twenty-five percent of the people who had the longer test did not return to learn the results.___4___George Lemp of the University of California led the study.He says quick tests could be especially important in developing countries with limited transportation.

Speakers at the AIDS conference also discussed high rates of new HIV infections among black Americans.Julian Bond is chairman of the NAACP7,a leading civil rights group.

___5___Public health officials say half of all new HIV infections in the United States are in blacks.African-American delegates at the conference said they will prepare a five-year plan to reduce infection rates and increase testing.

A.The chairman said African-Americans must,in his words,"face the fact that AIDS has become a black disease."

B.Mr.Clinton said people also need a guarantee they would get medicine to suppress the virus.

C.Delegates at the conference have worked out an action plan to fight the wide spread of this terrible disease all over the world.

D.They hoped that such products could protect against infection with the virus that causes AIDS.

E.The world's richest man said"stopping AIDS"is the top priority of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

F.But that was true of only two percent of those who had the quick test.

参考答案：D E B F A

答案解析：

1.D整个第二段都是有关比尔?盖茨夫妇的。第一句说,比尔?盖茨夫妇要求加快研究,研发一些能杀死微生物的预防制剂提供给妇女性交时使用。第三句以后则分别列出比尔?盖茨夫妇所说的话。那么D项所说的"他们希望这些产品可以预防引起艾滋病的病毒感染"5E 好与第一句相衔接,况且全篇文章还没有第二个地方提到两个人以上可以用代词they来代替的,所以D项是正确答案。

2.E本空白处的前面两句话分别用间接引语和直接引语介绍比尔?盖茨所说的话,选项E仍是介绍比尔?盖茨讲话的内容,所以填在这里是恰当的。本选项中所说的the world's richestman正是比尔?盖茨,他是全球首富。

3.B本段前两句介绍的是美冈前总统比尔?克林顿的讲话,选项B仍是克林顿讲话的内容,况且文章其他地方都没有提到克林顿,因此填在这里是最恰当的。

4.F本空白处前面说到,做HIV检验有两种方法：新的快速方法只需大约20分钟,而另一种常用的慢。速方法则需两周。研究人员说,做慢速检验的人中有25%没有回来看检验结果,而选项F则说"做快速检验的人中不回来看结果的则只有25%",作为快慢速检验方法的对比,填在此处是最恰当不过的了。

5.A本空白处前一句介绍了Julian Bond是重要的民权机构NAACP的主席,而选项A说,"他说,非裔美国人‘应该面对艾滋病已经变成黑人病这个事实’。"文章中没有第二个地方提

到chairman这个词,而选项A一开头就提到The chairman said…,可见此处答案非它莫属了。

职称英语考试全文翻译-Youth Emancipation in Spain

Youth Emancipation in Spain西班牙年轻人的解放 The Spanish Government is so worried about the number of young adults still living with their parents that it has decided to help them leave the nest.西班牙政府正担心他们国家的大龄青年一直跟他们父母住一起，政府已经决定帮助他们离开家。 Around 55 percent of people aged 18～34 in Spain still sleep in their parents' home, says the latest report from the country's state-run Institute of Youth.大约55％的18?34岁的人在西班牙还睡在自己的父母家，根据国家青年协会的最新报告。 To coax(劝诱)young people from their homes, the Institute started a "Youth Emancipation(解放)” programme this month. The programme offers guidance in finding rooms and jobs.为了哄年轻人离开他们的家，这个月研究所开始了“青年解放”。此项活动为年轻人寻找客房和工作提供指导。 Economists blame young people's family dependence on the precarious(不稳定的)labour market and increasing housing prices. Housing prices have risen 17 percent a year since 2,000.经济学家指责年轻人的家庭受困于不稳定的劳动力市场和住房价格上升。2000年以来，房屋价格已经上涨了17％。 Cultural reasons also contribute to the problem, say sociologists(社会学家).Family ties in south Europe — Italy, Portugal and Greece — are stronger than those in middle and north Europe, said Spanish sociologist Almudena Moreno Minguez in her report "The Late Emancipation of Spanish Youth: Key for Understanding"，文化因素也有利于解释问题，社会学家说，在南欧洲的意大利、葡萄牙和希腊的家庭关系强于在欧洲中部和北部，西班牙社会学家阿尔穆德纳，莫雷诺Minguez在她的报告中写道，“晚解放的西班牙青年---关键在于理解“ “In general 2, young people in Spain firmly believe in 3 the family as the main body around which their private life is organized," said Minguez.“一般情况下，在西班牙，年轻人认同在家庭为主体的组织萦绕着他们的私人生活”Minguez说。 In Spain — especially in the countryside, it is not uncommon to find entire groups of aunts, uncles, cousins, nieces and nephews(外甥/侄子)all living on the same street. They regularly get together for Sunday dinner.在西班牙，特别是在农村，这是不难发现，整个群体的阿姨，叔叔，表兄弟姐妹，侄女和侄子都生活在同一条街上。他们经常聚在一起周日晚餐。 Parents' tolerance is another factor. Spanish parents accept late-night partying and are wary of 4 set-ting bedtime rules.家长的耐受性是另一个因素。西班牙接受父母深夜开派对和警惕的设置睡前规则。 “A child can arrive home at whatever time he wants. If parents complain he'll put up a fight and call the father a fascist,” said Jose Antonio Gomez Yanez, a sociologist at Carlos III University in Madrid.“孩子可以在任何时间回家。如果家长抱怨，他们就会抗争并认为父母是个法西斯，在马德里卡洛斯三世大学的社会学家何塞·安东尼奥·亚涅斯·戈麦斯说。 Mothers' willingness to do children's household chores(家务)worsens the problem. Dionisio Masso, a 60-year-old in Madrid, has three children in their 20s 6. The eldest 28, has a girlfriend and a job. But life with mum is good.母亲们的情愿做孩子的家务使得问题恶化。今年60岁，生活在马德里，有三个孩子在20多岁的Dionisio Masso， 最年长的儿子28岁，有一个女朋友和一个工作。但是她儿子说与妈妈一起生活是不错。

职称英语C级补全短文(-)

2016职称英语教材-卫生类C级完形填空及参考译文1 第一篇Better Control of TB Seen If a Faster Cure Is Found The World Health Organization1 estimates that about one-third of all people are infected with bacteria that cause tuberculosis . Most times, the infection remains inactive. But each year about eight million people develop active cases of TB, usually in their lungs. Two million people die of it. The disease has increased with the spread of AIDS and drug-resistant forms of tuberculosis. Current treatments take at least six months. People have to take a combination of several antibiotic drugs daily. But many people stop as soon as they feel better. Doing that can lead to an infection that resists treatment. Public health experts agree that a faster-acting cure for tuberculosis would be more effective. Now a study estimates just how effective it might be. A professor of international health at Harvard University2 led the study. Joshua Salomon says a shorter treatment program would likely mean not just more patients cured. It would also mean fewer infectious patients who can pass on their infection to others. The researchers developed a mathematical model to examine the effects of a two-month treatment plan. They tested the model with current TB conditions in Southeast Asia. The scientists found that a two-month treatment could prevent about twenty percent of new cases. And it might prevent about twenty-five percent of TB deaths. The model shows that these reductions would take place between two thousand twelve and two thousand thirty. That is, if a faster cure is developed and in wide use by two thousand twelve. The World Health Organization reductions the DOTS3 program in nineteen ninety. DOTS is Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course. Health workers watch tuberculosis patients take their daily pills to make sure they continue treatment. Earlier this year, an international partnership of organizations announced a plan to expand the DOTS program. The ten-year plan also aims to finance research into new TB drugs. The four most common drugs used now are more than forty years old. The Global Alliance for TB Drug Development4 says its long-term goal is a treatment that could work in as few as ten doses. 1.找到速效治疗剂可以更好控制结核病 世界卫生组织估计全球有大约三分之一的人感染了导致结核病的病菌。大多数时候，这种感染是不活跃的。但是每年大约有八百万结核病病例，通常是在肺部。两百万人因此丧命。结核病发病率由于艾滋病的传播和抗药型结核病的出现而增加。目前的治疗至少需要六个月。患病者不得不每日服用多种抗生素药品。许多人在稍感舒适后就停止使用药品，这么做可能导致抗药性感染。公共卫生专家一致认为针对结核病的速效治疗剂将会更加有效果。现在有一项研究评估这种速效治疗剂究竟效力有多大。这项研究由美国哈佛大学国际卫生方面的教授率领。Joshua Salomon说，疗程较短的治疗计划可能不仅仅意味着更多病人被治好，也意味着将感染传给别人的病人会更少。 研究者们设计了一个数学模型来检测两个月治疗计划的效果。他们以东南亚目前的结核病情况来检验这个模型。科学家们发现两个月的治疗可以防止大约20％的新病例，也可能防止大约5％因结核病引起的死亡。这个模型表明，如果速效治疗剂可以在2012年前研发出来并大规模使用的话，减少结核病例在2012年到2030年间就可以实现。 世界卫生组织在1990年制定了DOTS计划，DOTS意指短期直接观察治疗。卫生工作者监督结核病人每天服药，以确信他们继续治疗。今年年初，一个国际组织同盟宣布了一项扩大DOTS的计划。这个十年计划也旨在资助新结核药品的研究。现在四种最常用的药品也有四十多年的历史了。全球结核病药物开发联盟宣称它的长期目标是找到一种治疗方法，可以通过十次剂量就效果。

2015职称英语考试真题及答案(理工类B级)

2015年职称英语理工类B级考试真题 第一部分：词汇选项 1.The organization was bold enough to face the press. A.pleased B.powerful C.brave D.sensible 参考答案：C 2.I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class. A.accept B.control C.observe D.regulate 参考答案：A 3.I realized to my horror that I had forgotten the present. A.limit B.fear C.power D.fool 参考答案：B 4.Most people find rejection hard to accept. A.excuse B.client C.destiny D.refusal 参考答案：D 5.She's extremely competent and industrious. A.hardworking B.honest C.objective D.independent 参考答案：A 6.The doctors did not reveal the truth to him. A.hide B.handle C.disclose D.establish 参考答案：C 7.He tried to assemble his thoughts. A.clear B.share C.gather D.spare 参考答案：C

8.The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison. A.message B.punishment C.guilt D.obligation 参考答案：B 9.Prisoners were kept in the most appalling conditions. A.flexible B.terrible C.reasonable D.serious 参考答案：B 10.These products are inferior to those we brought last year. A.poorer than B.narrower than https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9c5690350.html,rger than D.richer than 参考答案：A 11.The political situation in the region has deteriorated rapidly. A.improved B.changed C.worsened D.developed 参考答案：C 12.There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next building. A.coexisting B.fair C.full D.pubic 参考答案：A 13.They're petitioning for better facilities for the disabled on public transport. A.requesting B.planning C.preparing D.looking 参考答案：A 14.He said some harsh words about his brother. A.unkind B.proper C.normal D.unclear 参考答案：A 15.We were attracted by the lure of quick money. A.amount

2016年职称英语理工A试题参考和答案.

2016年职称英语考试理工类A级真题 第1部分:词汇选项(第1——15题,每题1分,共15分下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线,请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。 1.The revelation of his past led to his resignation. A.imagination B.confirmation C.recall D.disclosure 2.Jensen is a dangerous man,and can be very brutal. A.careless B.Cruel C.strong D.hard 3.You’ll have to sprint if you want to catch the train. A.jump B.escape C.run D.prepare 4.We are worried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty.

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