定语从句 笔记整理

定语从句

授课人：Prof. Wooden

Part 1 定语从句定义及概述

什么是定语从句？

(1)定语从句：在复合句中作定语修饰主句中某一名

词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

(2)先行词：被定语从句修饰的词，叫做先行词。

(3)关系词：分为关系代词和关系副词，在从句中担当一定成分。

Eg.I will never forget the girl（先行词）that（关系词）I met yesterday in the street（定语从句）.

※定语从句两个必须

★先行词在从句中必须作一个成分；

★先行词所作的成分必须空缺。

Part 2 关系代词引导的定语从句

1. 关系代词that的用法

用法：既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。

1)This is the factory that produces cars.(作主语,指物)

2)The girl that spoke to me just now is my classmate. (作主语,指人)

3)The film (that) we saw yesterday is interesting. (作宾语，指物)

※关系代词that的特权和禁区

1. 特权：行使特权的条件：

（2）介词没有提前。

2. 禁区：

有两种情况下，关系代词不会用that,指物时用which；指人时用who/whom。

（1）非限定性定于从句（即从句前有逗号）；

（2）介词提前时。

2.关系代词which的用法

用法：指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。

1)China is a country which has a long history.(作主语)

2)The car (which) my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake. (作宾语)

※只用that 不用which的情况：

(1)先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰。

This is the best book that I have ever read.

(2)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰。

The first book that I bought was about how to learn English.

(3)先行词是all, much, little, none, few 等不定代词或由some, any, every, no等词构成的复合代词时）

I did all that I could do at that time.

There was little that the doctor could do for the patient.

(4)当先行词被the only, the very修饰时。

The only thing that he can do is to say sorry to her.

(5)先行词既有人又有物。

Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?

(6)主句已有疑问词who/ which时。

Which is the book that you like?

Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?

Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?

(7)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系词在从句中也作表语时。

He is no longer the man that he was ten years ago.

※只用which不用that引导定语从句的情况：

(1)当关系代词前有介词时。

A desert is a great plain in which nothing will grow.

(2)引导非限制性定语从句时。

The students was late for class 7 times a week, which made her teacher mad.

(3)一个句子中有两个定语从句时，为避免重复，一个用that，另一个宜用which。

(4)当先行词本身是that时。

That which I had known about made them surprised.

3.关系代词who的用法

用法：指人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。

1)I know the man who spoke to you just now.(作主语)

2)She is not the girl who she was.(作表语)

4.关系代词whom的用法

用法：指人，who的宾格，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略，在口语中可用who或that代替。

1)Here is the man (whom) you are looking for.

2)The woman (whom) you saw just now is our English teacher.

※关系代词who和whom的选择

Mr. Smith is the very man who/whom you are looking for.

I have a friend who likes listening to classical music.

Is that the man with whom you arrived yesterday?

5. 关系代词whose的用法

用法：可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。

1)This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world.(指人)

2)The room whose windows face the east is mine. (指物）

※关系代词whose的选择

The man whose wallet was stolen called for the police for help.

The boy whose father is a teacher has been admitted to Oxford University.

The house whose windows are mostly broken belongs to my uncle.

The tree whose branches are basically bare dates back to 200 years ago.

6.关系代词as的用法

用法：既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。它常用在the same…as…,such…as…,as…as…等句型中,as不能省略。

1)Such teachers as know Tom think him bright.(指人，作主语)

2)I’ll buy the same dictionary as you have.(指物，作宾语)

※关系代词as的选择

(1)当先行词中有so, such等修饰语时；如：

This is so good a book as I can hardly tear myself away from.

Never promise such things as you can’t achieve.

This is so good a movie __as__we all wish to see.

This is so good a movie __it__ we all wish to see it.

(2)当定语从句置于句首时；如：

As is known to all, the earth travels around the sun once every year.

As we had expected, the students who had cheated in the exams were punished.

(3)当先行词中有the same 修饰时，有时用that也有时用as来引导定语从句。二者意思稍有不同。如：

This is the same shirt as I wore yesterday. (这件衬衣和我昨天穿的那件一样。意思是说并不是同一件。)

This is the same shirt that I wore yesterday. (这是我昨天穿的那件衣服。同一件衣服。) The students in New York are using the same textbooks as we are using.

※关系代词的省略

有两个条件：(1)限定性定语从句；(2)作宾语或表语。

E.g.Women _______ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ________ don’t. （2006北京高考）

A. who ; 不填

B. 不填; who

C. who ; who

D. 不填; 不填

Part 3 关系副词引导的定语从句

※特别提醒：when, where既能引导限定性定语从句，也能引导非限定性定语从句，而why 通常引导限定性定语从句。如：

That is the day when he got married.

That is the time when all of us lived together as a family.

That is the factory where I used to work.

That is the hospital where my son was born ten years ago.

That is the reason why he was fired.

(1)表示时间的先行词除了time之外，还有：day, morning, afternoon, evening, night, week, month, year等；

(2)表示地点的先行词除了place之外，还可以是desk, table, spot, room, house, school, street, town, country等。

(3)表示原因的先行词一般只有reason一个。

1.关系副词使用的几种变化

1)关系副词通常也可以用“that+介词后置”代替或省略；

2_在正式文体中，也可以使用“介词+which”的结构。

That is the river where I used to swim. (关系副词)

That is the river that I used to swim in. (that +介词后置)

That is the river I used to swim in. (省略)

That is the river in which I used to swim. (介词+which)

2.介词+which结构中的介词选择问题

1)介词与先行词之间的搭配关系；

I still remember the time when (at which) I first became a high school student.

There are several areas in the city where (in which) you can buy clothes in fashion.

2)介词与从句中谓语动词的搭配关系。

I saw the stamp of which my father was very proud.

There was nobody in the family to whom he could turn for help. (固定短语turn to sb. 向某人求助)

The play in which I played an important role was a great success. (to play a role in the play就不是固定短语。)

2.抽象的先行词带来的关系副词的选择问题

It’s helpful to put children in a situation___they can see themselves differently.

A. that

B. when

C. which

D. where

I have reached a point in my life ______ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.

A. which

B. where

C. how

D. why

Life is like a long race_____we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.

A. why

B. what

C. that

D. where

She’ll never forget her stay there ____ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.

A. that

B. which

C. where

D. when

Part 4限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句

1.非限定性定语从句的由来

Tom is the only student who has been admitted to Harvard in my class.

汤姆是我们班唯一一个已经被哈佛大学录取的学生。

The principal, who was seated on my right, delivered an exciting speech.

校长发表了一个令人振奋的演讲，当时他就坐在我右边。

2.限定性与非限定性定语从句的意义区别

The old man has two sons who serve in the army. 老人有两个当兵的儿子。

The old man has two sons, who serve in the army. 老人有两个儿子，都当兵。

※非限定性定语从句有时可以像一个并列句，例如：

He has a walk after dinner every evening, which is good for his health.

= He has a walk after dinner every evening, and this is good for his health.

He likes reading books, which I am delighted to hear.

= He likes reading books and I am delighted to hear that.

※非限定性定语从句还可以从意义上像一个状语从句，表示原因、目的、结果、条件、让步等。例如：

The new engineer, who has read the instructions, failed in the project.

※归纳总结

4.非限定性定语从句的引导词的问题

一般来说，除了关系代词that和关系副词why，其他定语从句的引导词均可以引导非限定性定语从句。例如：

His speech, which inspired everyone, was well received.

A student, who was admitted to an ordinary university, was greatly disappointed.

The cinema, whose roof was damaged in the storm, will be brought down.

They will fly to New York next Friday, where they have planned to stay for a few weeks.

You can come next weekend, when the books will be ready for you.

5.as、which 引导的非限定性定语从句

as和which在引导非限定性定语从句时的相同点和区别：

1)相同点：as和which都可以指代整个句子的内容。

The meeting was put off，which/as was exactly what we wanted.

这次会议延期了，这正是我们所希望的。

2)不同点：as引导的从句既可以位于主句前，也可位于主句后，主从句没有前后逻辑关系，常表示“正如……”；而which引导的从句只能位于主句后，主从句常有一定的因果关系或前后顺序，常表示“这一点……”，相当于and this或and that。

Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。As everyone knows，all that glitters is not gold. =All that glitters，as everyone knows，is not gold. =All that glitters is not gold，as everyone knows.

众所周知，并不是所有发光的东西都是金子。

Part 5 定语从句使用的注意事项

1.分析成分的能力和意识

(1)如果空白后面紧跟着动词的，明显缺少的是主语。

Mr. Goodman has to be away on business on Feb. 8th, ________ happens to be his wife’s birthday.

A. which

B. when

C. that

D. on which

(2) 及物动词后必然有宾语，即如果及物动词后面没有宾语，先行词就是作动词的宾语。The Science Museum, ______ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London’s tourist attractions. 【2008江苏高考】

A. which

B. what

C. that

D. where

(3) 不及物动词后没有宾语，在不缺少主语的情况下，先行词则通常作状语等成分。

--- Is that the small town you often refer to?

--- Right, just the one ______ you know I used to work for years.

A. that

B. which

C. where

D. what

(4)介词后面通常要跟宾语，如果介词后面没有宾语，则先行词通常作这个介词的宾语。

---Do you have anything to say for yourselves?

---Yes，there’s one point ________ we must insist on

A．why B．where C．how D．/

2.并列连词的陷阱

Tom has two brothers and both of them love sports. (简单的并列连词：and, but, so, or, yet) 3.way意为“方式，方法”，作先行词时的关系词的选择问题

1)用“介词+which”引导定语从句；例如：

I don’t like the way in which you speak to your mother.

2)用that引导定语从句；例如：

I don’t like the way that you speak to your mother.

3)省略关系词；例如：

I don’t like the way you speak to your mother.

4.介词+关系副词的问题

Look over there! some people are standing on the top of the building, ___ you can enjoy the view of the whole city.

A. where

B. from which

C. where

D. from where

1)Soon after getting off his horse, the captain appeared at the second storey windows, from where he could see nothing but trees.

2)She climbed up to the top of the hill, from where she could have a good view of the whole town.

5. 先行词为“time”时，引导词的选择

1)time 意为“次数”时，定语从句常用that 引导。

)time意为“时期，一段时间”时，定语从句常用when, during which, at which 等引导；

It’s the first time (that) I’ve been here.

I’ll never forget the time when/ during which we played together.

6. 分隔式定语从句

定语从句有时不直接紧靠着先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开，此时找准先行词是关键。

The village has developed a lot we learned farming two years ago. （07福建卷）

A.when

B. which

C. that

D. where

定语从句笔记及练习题

定语从句 一．定语：用来修饰名词（或代词）的成分，位置短前长后（初中：修饰一个名词的词或短语或句子）从句：一个句子做另一个句子的成分，那么这个句子就是另一个句子的从句，另一个句子是这个句子的主句 定语从句：用一个句子充当定语，通常放在被修饰名词（和代词）的后面。 This is a book. This is an interesting book. This is a history book. This is a book about Ming Dynasty. This is a book written by Yuan Tengfei. 二．分析定语从句的构成 The student who came first is Peter. 先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词 关系词（也叫引导词）：引导定语从句的词。放在定语从句句首，在从句中代替先行词先行词决定关系词 He who makes no mistakes makes nothing. God help those who help themselves. Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind in it. A lot of new countries whose names I had never heard of before were shown on the map. 三．怎样写一个定语从句--合成大法 This is a book. My mother gave me a book as a birthday gift. This is a book which my mother gave me as a birthday gift. 一找找出两句话中相同的名词（其中一句的可以为代词） 二删删除要做定语从句句中的名词 三替用合适的关系词替代被删除的名词并将关系词放在从句的句首 四放将整个定语从句放在主句被修饰的名词后 四．关系词分类 关系代词：who whom which that whose 关系副词：where when why how (关系词中绝对没有what） 五．用法 1.先行词在定语从句（从句）中做主语或宾语 （1）先行词是sth，关系词用which或that （2）先行词是sb，关系词用who或that 当sb做宾语时，关系词也可以用whom The building which stands by the river is our school. The book which you need is in my room. The girl is my best friend. The girl is from America. The girl who is from America is my best friend. ---Hi, Jack. Have you ever seen the TV show “Dad, where are we going?” ---Of course. I like the girl ______ is called Cindy. She runs as fast as a wind. (14平房一模） A which B who C whom Friends are those ______ always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed. So please value them at your side. (12香坊一模） A who B what C which ---Do you know of Guo Mingyi? ---Yes. He is an ordinary worker ______ helps many poor children in China. We should follow his example. (13真题）

定语从句专项知识点总结汇总

定语从句专项知识点总结汇总 - 定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。 被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。 关系副词有：when, where, why, how。 关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。 定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 1 关系代词引导的定语从句 1) who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you? (who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. (whom/that在从句中作宾语) 2) whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换). 例如： Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 3) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等. 例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. (which / that在句中作宾语) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. (which / that在句中作宾语) 关系代词that和which 都可以指物，that 和Who 都可以指人，其用法区别：

定语从句课堂笔记

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初二英语定语从句知识点归纳

初二英语定语从句知识点归纳 导读：我根据大家的需要整理了一份关于《初二英语定语从句知识点归纳》的内容，具体内容：定语从句是在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句。那么初二英语定语从句结构归纳有哪些?下面是我分享给大家的初二英语定语从句知识点，希望大家喜欢!初二英语定语从句知识点... 定语从句是在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句。那么初二英语定语从句结构归纳有哪些?下面是我分享给大家的初二英语定语从句知识点，希望大家喜欢! 初二英语定语从句知识点 一名词性从句: 1. 主要包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句. 一般由that 引起,也可由who, what, when, why, which,whom, whether, how 引起. 2. 主语从句很多情况下都可以放到句子后面,而用代词it作形式上的主语. : 3. 形式宾语 4. 由名词性关系代词whatever, whoever, whichever 等引起的宾语从句 5. whether and if 都能引导从句, 但用法有所不同. 当主语从句直接位于句首时,应用whether,而不用if. Whether 后能直接or not, 但if 不能.

Whether he will come or not isnot known. 6. 在名词reason后的表语从句必须用that引导, 不可误用 because. The reason why he is often latefor class is that he has the bad habit of getting up late in the morning. 二:定语从句 1. 引导定语从句的关系词有who, whom, whose, that, when,where, why and which. 在非限制定语从句中, 只可用which, who, whose, where ,when., 如果指代前面整个句子, 多用which. 2. 当引导定语从句的先行词前有all, any, no, little, much,very first 等词, 或先行词前为形容词最高级所修饰时,或先行词为all, anything, nothing,something, everything 时,从句的引导词只能用that. 3. as 可做引导词引导定语从句, 多和such, the same 连用. As 引导的定语从句也可修饰整个句子, 既可放在先行词后,也可放在句子开头. 4. 介词+which/whom/whose从句 5. 代/名+介词+which 从句 6. 同位语从句和定语从句 三、定语从句的关系词 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that， which， who(宾格whom，所有格whose)等，关系副词包括where，when， why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。

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【初中英语】定语从句知识点总结 一、定语从句 1．This is the most beautiful picture __________ I have ever seen. A．that B．which C．what D．who 【答案】A 【解析】 句意：这是我见过的最漂亮的画。考查定语从句。先行词被最高级修饰时，引导词应用that。 结合句意和语境可知选A。 点睛：限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导定语从句的几种情况： 当先行词是everything, anything, nothing （something 除外）, all, none, few, little, some等不定代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等词修饰时。如： Have you set down everything that Mr Li said? There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. 注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。如： Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing. 任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。 All the guests that / who were invited to her wedding were important people. 所有被邀请参加婚礼的 客人都是重要人物。2. 当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：The first American movie that I watched was the Titanic. 3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如： This is the best museum that I have visited all my life. 4. 当先行词被the very, the only, the first / last等修饰时。如：She is the only person that understands me. 注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用关系代词who。如： Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting. 5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。如：Who is the man that is standing in front of the crowd? 站在人群前 面的那个人是谁？Which is the room that Mr Wang lives in? 哪一间是王先生住的房间？ 当先行词人与物时。如：Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street. 当先行词是reason, way（方法）等词时，关系代词常用that代替in which, for which, why, 也常可省略。如：She admired the way （that） they solved the questions. 2．Mr.Brown is a teacher is strict with all is students. A．which B．who C．where 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 句意“布朗是一个对所有的学生都严格的老师”。 本题考查定语从句。A.指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；B.指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；C.表示地方，在从句中作地点状语。本句话中先行词为a teacher，指人，在从句中作主语，故选B。 【点睛】 做定语从句的题时，可先将先行词还原到句中。其次选择关系词，要先看先行词指人、指

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有两种情况下，关系代词不会用that,指物时用which；指人时用who/whom。 （1）非限定性定于从句（即从句前有逗号）； （2）介词提前时。 2.关系代词which的用法 用法：指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。 1)China is a country which has a long history.(作主语) 2)The car (which) my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake. (作宾语) ※只用that 不用which的情况： (1)先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰。 This is the best book that I have ever read. (2)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰。 The first book that I bought was about how to learn English. (3)先行词是all, much, little, none, few 等不定代词或由some, any, every, no等词构成的复合代词时） I did all that I could do at that time. There was little that the doctor could do for the patient. (4)当先行词被the only, the very修饰时。 The only thing that he can do is to say sorry to her. (5)先行词既有人又有物。 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? (6)主句已有疑问词who/ which时。 Which is the book that you like? Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? (7)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系词在从句中也作表语时。 He is no longer the man that he was ten years ago. ※只用which不用that引导定语从句的情况： (1)当关系代词前有介词时。 A desert is a great plain in which nothing will grow. (2)引导非限制性定语从句时。 The students was late for class 7 times a week, which made her teacher mad. (3)一个句子中有两个定语从句时，为避免重复，一个用that，另一个宜用which。 (4)当先行词本身是that时。 That which I had known about made them surprised. 3.关系代词who的用法 用法：指人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。 1)I know the man who spoke to you just now.(作主语) 2)She is not the girl who she was.(作表语) 4.关系代词whom的用法

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高中定语从句笔记整理教学提纲

高中定语从句笔记整 理

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高中英语定语从句知识点归纳

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初中英语定语从句笔记

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高中定语从句知识点汇总

高中定语从句知识点汇 总 标准化工作室编码[XX968T-XX89628-XJ668-XT689N]

定语从句知识点汇总 一、先行词 二、关系词 1.关系代词： 2.关系副词： 三、分类 1.限制性定语从句：对先行词有限制，区分的作用，并与先行词有着不可分割的关系，不能省略 2.非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明的作用，可省略不会影响主句的意思，与主句用逗号隔开 有些既可以做限制性，又可以做非限制性的定语从句，其含义不同 There are 20 students in this class who are from the north of China. There are 20 students in this class,who are from the north of China. 5.关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句 四、关系词的用法 ,that which指物，在从句中作主语，宾语 that指人或物，指人可与who，whom互换；指物可与which互换 ,whom 从句中的介词提到关系代词词前，whom作宾语，不能用who代替 In our class there are 46 students, of whom half wear glasses. 先行词为指人的one,ones,anyone或those时，关系代词用who；双重定语从句中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个指人的关系代词用who。 3.whose 表示“……的”。可指人或物。用来指物时， whose+名词=限定词+名词+of which=of which+限定词+名词 The house whose windows face south is ours.

定语从句 笔记整理

定语从句 授课人：Prof. Wooden Part 1 定语从句定义及概述 什么是定语从句？ (1)定语从句：在复合句中作定语修饰主句中某一名 词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 (2)先行词：被定语从句修饰的词，叫做先行词。 (3)关系词：分为关系代词和关系副词，在从句中担当一定成分。Eg.I will never forget the girl（先行词） that（关系词） I met yesterday in the street（定语从句）. ※定语从句两个必须 ★先行词在从句中必须作一个成分； ★先行词所作的成分必须空缺。 Part 2 关系代词引导的定语从句

1. 关系代词that的用法 用法：既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。 1)This is the factory that produces cars.(作主语,指物) 2)The girl that spoke to me just now is my classmate. (作主语,指人) 3)The film (that) we saw yesterday is interesting. (作宾语，指物) ※关系代词that的特权和禁区 1. 特权：行使特权的条件： （1）限定性定语从句（即从句前无逗号）； （2）介词没有提前。 2. 禁区： 有两种情况下，关系代词不会用that,指物时用which；指人时用who/whom。 （1）非限定性定于从句（即从句前有逗号）； （2）介词提前时。

2.关系代词which的用法 用法：指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。 1)China is a country which has a long history.(作主语) 2)The car (which) my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake. (作宾语) ※只用that 不用which的情况： (1)先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰。 This is the best book that I have ever read. (2)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰。 The first book that I bought was about how to learn English. (3)先行词是all, much, little, none, few 等不定代词或由some, any, every, no等词构成的复合代词时） I did all that I could do at that time. There was little that the doctor could do for the patient. (4)当先行词被the only, the very修饰时。 The only thing that he can do is to say sorry to her. (5)先行词既有人又有物。 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? (6)主句已有疑问词who/ which时。 Which is the book that you like?

(完整word版)定语从句最全面的知识点整理

定语从句整理 定语从句分为限定性和非限定性 1.定语从句修饰先行词 2.关系代词：that, who, whom, whose, which, as 关系副词：where, when, why 3.关系词在句中的作用1. 引导定语从句2. 代替先行词3.在定语从句中担当一个成分 4.关系代词在从句中做主语或者宾语； 5.关系副词做状语，相当于：介词+which。when是时间状语，where是地点状语，一些特殊先行词后面也用where，比如point, situation, part, condition,case 表示到了某种地步，某种程度也用where. * where和when都可以换成介词+which，但是不是所有介词+which都可以换成where或者when。 *不是所有介词都可以放在which或者whom前面，一些动词短语比如：look for, look after，take care of turn in, pay attention to, depend on, listen to就不能拆开使用，且介词后面不能用who或者that ?关于关系词的省略 1)who, whom, that, which, 做宾语时可省。 2)that做表语可省be动词后？ 3)that做宾补可省？ 4)*关系副词when在time, year, day后面可省，也可换成that,但不普遍 5)*关系副词where在place, 和anywhere, somewhere这种--where的后面时候 可以省略，也可换成that但不普遍 6)*关系副词why放在the reason后面，即可换成for which, that又可省略，此 较普遍。但放在a reason后面可省，但貌似不可以换成that? 7)the way后面可以用in which, that 也可省略 ?关于that ?可以用that的情况； that 在定语从句中的功能非常多 1.可以代词关系代词who, whom, which, 既可以做主语又可以做宾语，做宾语时可以省略；限从中可以说遇到关系代词就可以换成that，whose除外，因为whose 的名词所有格（。。。的）whose= of which 2.关系副词why修饰the reason可换成that,也可省。Notice:见到the reason不一定非要选why, 做宾语时候选which/that, 也可省。 3.that在某些特殊情况下代替where，when但不普遍。 4.the way后面可以用in which, that 也可省略 ?必须用that的情况(做宾语依旧可省） 1.先行词是不定代词everything, anything, nothing, 等不定代词*不含something 2.先行词被every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等限定词修饰 3.先行词被序数词修饰the first, the second..... 4.先行词被最高级修饰the best, the most 5.先行词被the very, the most修饰时 6.先行词前面有who, which为了避免重复 7.先行词既有人又有物 8.there be句型中先行词为物常用that, 不用which