考研英语完型填空

Use of English

考研英语完型填空：

语段特的掌握程度，而且还考查考生对(包括词汇、表达方式和结构)语言要素该部分不仅考查考生对不同语境中规范的征(如连贯性和一致性等)的辨识能力意思通使补全后的文章在一篇240~280词的文章中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案，顺、前后连贯、结构完整

一、完形填空文章的特点甚至文章的中心思想1.文章首句一般不留空，而且首句中往往含有主题词（主题明确单一） 2.中心主线，中心主线贯穿全文文章具有明确的focus）

1)主题（导向性或作者态度的倾向性（观点和态度）2)

短文通常包含三部分基本结构3. 1)主题呈现文首直接点题①用引子（如与主题相关的背景，与论点相似或相对立的观点等）引出主题，主题句在文中或文末出现②

主题展开2)

①提出问题或表述观点后，要对其进行分析、论证，即展开主题②主题展开方式，主要体现在短文段落的划分（论述的层次）及各段主题的安排（分论点）上 3)作结①下结论提建议②

概括、总结全文③

④描述事件发展的结果、影响完整性和逻辑性4.文章具有，总述部分和分述部分采用总分对照构成结构即由-（中心主线）总述是对分述的总结和概括1)

（确保主线贯穿全文）分述是对总述的展开和祥述2)-一个中心主线，一个总分结构文章布局结构特点：5.

二、考查要求：能够熟练运用考试大纲要求的英语词汇及语法知识

1.包括词汇、语法即表达方式和结构()语言要素辨认句子结构的方式①对语法知识的考查常采用的方式②对词汇知识的考查常采用辨认词义

2.语段特征)(如连贯性和一致性等

判断句间关系和选择恰当并根据主题及文章的逻辑结构（主题展开方式）对语段特征的考查常采用辨认短文主题①

词汇考查目的：让考生并非从记忆，而是从理解和运用的角度学习英语知识三、

: 完形填空考查内容四、多义；词汇搭配；一词1.词汇知识:形近词及近义词的（动词短语、介词短语）辨析；上下文语法搭配2.逻辑关系语法知识: 句子基本结构；：转折、让步、因果、并列、总分、递进①六大逻辑关系

主宾表，定状同②六类从句用法：介词含义和用法③④副词的程度与频率句子内部语法结构⑤6

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信息获取；上下文语意关系句子内部3.阅读能力:信息获取；上下文五、命题特点：1.+已知信息，通过已知信息破

解未知信息=未知信息（20处填空）一篇完整的文章2.文章的语言难度显然低于阅读理解题，甚至低于大纲样题干扰选项也多是常用词汇，设置时考虑了内容和结构两方面的完整性与合理性3.加大了测试语篇水平理解题，4.命题大大弱化了对词汇及语法的单纯考查，而加重了对语段特征的辨识能力的考查，即特别是上下文衔接题的比列六、真题当选选项分布特点5个最常见D1.A、B、C、的个数在4个到6个之间，3个之间几乎没有连续2.3个答案都一样的情况，连续两个答案都一样的情况在0到:

七、解题思路重点读首段和首句以及每段首句主题，思路，初步把握文章的1.第一步：从语篇入手，首先快速略读全文，初步把握：篇章主题、文章基调与作者观点、态度，以

及文章的脉络结构（段落划分、段落主题、行文逻辑）①

”的顺序进行逐层递进，先易后难，先整体后细节第二步：解题时，可在把握文章思路的前提下，按照“2.

先解答比较容易、有把握的题目①

②先从整体着手，再根据不断增多的文章信息推断细节

3.第三步：基本完成解题后，需要再读全文，已进行检查，注意选项在上下文语境中

4.是否通顺、连贯、合理解题过程中要时刻具备“语篇意识”线索定位分析法）八、完形“十二类”标准题型对应解决方法（相关已知信息提示-欲解出一个未知填空，首先需要在文章的已知信息中定位所有与这个未知填空相关联的已知信息点（线索），通过这些已知的信息点的分析总结，推断出未知填空的答案进行层层分析，从各个层次定位未知填空的相关已知线索，从已对整篇文章从结构布局、上下文关系到句子内部结构知信息破解未知信息相关已知信息点（提示线索）的分布规律：因此与未知填空相关联的已知信息往往处在于此句子每处具体的未知填空都处在一个具体的句子之中，①句子内部：之中，也就是说此未知填空的附近因此一些与填空相关联的已知信息也会分布在此填由于完形文章的上下文之间往往有着明

显的逻辑关系，：②上下文空所在句子的上下文中6

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：除了看未知填空所在的句子、所在句子的上下句之外。还有一些相关联的已知整个意群、段落、文章的结构中③

信息需要从填空处的整个意群、段落、文章的结构和文章的中心主线所包含的信息去查找

逻辑关系定位法1. )无关词排除法(紧扣主题2. 3.同现结构法（倾向相同）

，所以作者往往会使用一些重点词汇，围①.明确的中心主线同现是一种词汇的衔接手段。完形填空文章由于常常有这些词语所表现的倾向性往往与中心主线相同倾向性的词语，绕着中心主线贯穿全文。同现实际上就是

一组具有中的导向一致，或者说这些同现词语的任务就是对文章的导向进行支持。因此，文章的整体导向这个已知线索可以成为解出这些同现词语的关键信息复现结构法（同义复现）4.

①.复现可以是相同的词的复现，也可以是用不同的词表达相同的意思

5.总分结构对照法，则本填空需要应用总分结构对照法，进一步分析后面的分述信，且该句为段落主题句当空所在句子为①.段落首句息定位答案.②such as结构对应成分分析法

6.

，表明前后文之间为转折逻辑关系，可以用对应成分分析but①.由于本句与前句之间存在着明显的逻辑关系线索词法定位答案选择与已知单词词性对等且词义相近的答②.连接并列成分，可用对应成分分析法或..but …also 复现结构法not only 案填空所在句子与其他某个句子是平行对应的关系，则可以用对应成分分析法定位答案.③

④.破折号前后表并列，表说明可以用对应成分分析法定位答案.⑤

关联结构法7. 8.时间、数字线索法

9.动词：（找与之相关的主语、宾语、状语）寻找动词的主语或逻辑主语，按主语搭配的原则解题①②寻找修饰动词的状语，按副词动词搭配原则解题

寻找动词的宾语或逻辑宾语，按动宾搭配原则解题③④

10. 11.

12.

6

6

1.however , for example , for instance, though , nevertheless , it turn out若在句首或句中后面都加逗号still

2.though，但可以用but引导从句时，主句前不可以用although 、和yet6

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3.because是连词，同义词是in that后面跟句子，because of 是介词后面跟名词

反义呼应关系取相反4.

补充说明前后语义保持一致5.

6

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