实用翻译语篇练习及答案

In March 1947, the Communists told me I must leave Y enan. They were evacuating their last capital and going into the hills where I was unable to go. Mao told me I might return “when we again have contact with the world”. He thought it would be in about two years. He understated. In less than a year I met Chiense in Paris who told me the time was near for my return. “Events move faster than we thought.” Byt autumn of 1948 I was in Moscow bound for China. Five months I kept asking for my Soviet exit visa. Then, just as Chinese friends arrived who might secure my journey, the Russians arrested me as a “spy” and sent me out through Poland. Five days in jail I wondered what I had stepped on. I never knew.

Six years I lived in America; no Communists in the world would speak tome. Then Moscow “rehabilitated”me, by publishing that the charges had been “without grounds”. Again an invitation came from China. This time it took three years?legal fight to get my American passport. I had it by spring of 1958. Ten year late!

I was 72 then, living in Los Angeles where I had more friends than anywhere else. I owned a town house, a summer lodge in the mountains, w winter cabin in the desert, a car and a driver?s license to take myself about. I had income to live on for life. Should I go to China now?

I went to Moscow first, my second home for nearly thrity years. My husband?s relatives urged me to stay. “Here you have always a home!” I was moved. I was even more moved when the Writer?s Union made me their guest and sent me for a month to a Rest Home while they got back all the rubles I had lost at the deportation, and an order for a Moscow apartment agina. “Would I care to choose it now?”I thanked them very sincerely but said: “Better wait till I return from Peking.”

Could Peking have the magic Y enan had? Could I adjust to Chinese life at 72? Two months later I told my Chinese friends: “This is not a criticism of any other country, neither the U.S.A. nor the U.S.S.R. But I think the Chinese know better than anyone the way for man. I want to learn and write.”They found an apartment for me in the Peace Committee?s compound.

When I reached the age of twelve I left the school for ever and got my first fulltime job, as a grocer?s boy. I spent my days carrying heavy loads, but I enjoyed it. It was only my capacity for hard work that saved me from early dismissal, for I could never stomach speaking to my “betters”with the deference my employer thought I should assume.

But the limit was reached on Tuesday my half holiday. On my way home on that day I used to carry a large basket of provisions to the home of my employer?s sister-in-law. As her house was on my way home I never objected to this.

On this particular Tuesday, however, just as we were putting the shutters up, a load of smoked hams was delivered at the shop. “Wait a minute,” said the boss, and he opened the load and took out a ham, which he started to bone and string up.

I waited in growing impatience to get on my way, not for one minute but for quite a considerable time. It was nearly half-past two when the boss finished. He then came to me with the ham, put it in the basket beside me, and instructed me to deliver it to a customer who had it on order.

This meant going a long way out of my road home, so I looked up and said to the boss: “Do you know I finish at two on Tuesday?” I have never seen a man look more astonished than he did then. “What do you mean?” he gasped. I told him I meant that I would deliver the groceries as usual, but not the ham.

He looked at me as if I were some unusual kind of insect and burst into a storm of abuse. But I stood firm. He gave me up as hopeless and tried new tactics. “Go out and got another boy,” he yelled at a shop-assistant.

“Are you going to deliver them or not?”the boss turned to me and asked in a threatening tone. I repeated what I had said before. “Then, out of here,”he shouted, So I got out.

This was the first time I had serious trouble with an employer.

Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.

Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of the field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.

But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate—we can not consecrate—we can not hallow—this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

They tell us, sir, that we are weak—unable to cope with so formidable an adversary. But when shall we be stronger? Will it be the next week or the next year? Will it be when we are totally disarmed, and when a British guard shall be stationed in every house? Shall we gather strength by irresolution and inaction? Shall we acquire the means of effectual resistance by lying supinely on our back, and hugging the delusive phantom of hope, until our enemies shall have bound us hand and foot? Sir, we are not weak, if we make a proper use of those means which the God of nature hath placed in our power. Three millions of people, armed in the holy cause of liberty and in such a country as that which we possess, are invincible by any force which our enemy can send against us. Besides, sir, we shall not fight our battles alone. There is a just God who presides over the destinies of notions; and who will raise up friends to fight our battles for us. The battle, sir, is not to the strong alone; it is to the vigilant, the active, the brave. Besides, sir, we have no election. If we were base enough to desire it, it is now too late to retire from the contest. There is no retreat, but in submission and slavery! Our chains are forged. Their clanking may be heard on the plains of Boston! The war is inevitable—and let it come! I repeat it, sir, let it come!!!

It is in vain, sir, to extenuate the matter. Gentlemen may cry, peace, peace—but there is no peace. The war is actually begun! The next gale that sweeps from the north will bring to bur ears the clash of resounding arms! Our brethren are already on the field! Why stand we here idle? What is it that gentlemen wish? What would they have? Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, has to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty, or give me death!

Proverbs are the popular sayings that brighten so much Latin American talk, the boiled-down wisdom that you are as apt to hear from professors as from peasants, from beggars as from elegances. Brief and colorful, they more often than not carry a sting.

When a neighbor?s dismally unattractive daughter announced her engagement, Imelda remarked, “Y ou know what they say, Senora: …There?s no pot so ugly it can?t find a lid.?”And when her son-in-law blustered about how he was going to get even with the boss who had docked his pay, Imelda fixed him with a cold eye and said, “Little fish does not eat big fish.”

One afternoon, I heard Imelda and her daughter arguing in the kitche n. Her daughter had quarreled with her husband?s parents, and Imelda was insisting that she apologized to them. Her daughter objected. “But, Mama, I just can?t swallow them, not even with honey. They talk so big until we need something; then they?re too poor. So today when they wouldn?t even lend us enough to pay for a new bed, all I did was say something that I?ve heard you say a hundred times: …If so grand, why so poor? If so poor, why so grand?”

“Impertinent!” snorted Imelda. “Have I not also taught you, …What the tongue say, the neck pays for?? I will not have it said that I could never teach my daughter proper respect for her elders. And before you go to beg their pardon, change those trousers for a dress. Y ou know how your mother-in-law feels about pants on a woman. She always says, …What was hatched a hen must not try to be a rooster!”

Her daughter made one more try. “But Mama, you often say, …If the saint is annoyed, don?t pray to him until he gets over it.? Can?t I leave it for tomorrow?”

“No, no and no! Remember: …If the dose is nasty, swallow it fast.? Y ou know, my child, you did wrong. But, …A gift is the key to open the door closed against you.?I have a cake in the oven that I was making for the Senora?s dinner, I will explain to the Senora. Now, dear, hurry home and make yourself pretty in your pink dress. By the time you get back, I will have the cake ready for you to take to your mother-in-law. She will be so pleased that she may make your father-in-law pay for the bed. Remember: …One hand washes the other, but together they wash the face.?”

I took home a briefcase full of troubles. As I sat down on that hot and humid evening, there seemed to be no solutions to the problems thrashing around in my brain. So I picked up a book, settled into a comfortable chair and applied my own special therapy—supper-slow reading.

I spent three or four hours on two short chapters of Personal History by Vincent Sheean—savoring each paragraph, lingering over a sentence, a phrase, or even a single word, building a detailed mental picture of the scene. No longer was I in Sydney, Australia, on a sticky heart-wave night. Relishing every word, I joined foreign correspondent Sheean on a mission to China and another to Russia. I lost myself in the author?s world. And when finally I put in down, my mind was totally refreshed.

Next morning, four words from the book—“take the long view”—were still in my mind. At my desk, I had a long-view look at my problems. Once more, super-slow reading had given me not only pleasure but perspective, and helped me in my everyday affairs.

I discovered its worth years ago….Previously, if I had been really interested in a book, I would race from page to page, eager to know what came next. Now, I decided, I had to become a miser with words and stretch every sentence like a poor man spending his last dollar.

I has stared with the practical object of making my book last. But by the end of the second week I began to realize how much I was getting from super-slow-reading itself. Sometimes just a particular phrase caught my attention, sometimes a sentence. I would read it slowly, analyze it, read it again—perhaps changing down into an even lower gear—and then sit for 20 minutes thinking about it before moving on. I was like a pianist studying a piece of music, phrase by phrase, rehearsing it, trying to discover and recreate exactly what the composer was trying to convey.

From this motive I began to think seriously of matrimony, and choose my wife, as she did her wedding gown, not for a fine glossy surface, but such qualities as would wear well. To do her justice, she was a good-natured, notable woman; and as for breeding there were few country ladies who could show more. She could read any English book without much spelling; but for pickling, preserving, and cookery, none could excel her. She prided herself also upon being an excellent contriver in housekeeping, though I never could find that we grew richer with all her contrivances.

However, we loved each other tenderly, and our fondness increased as we grew old. There was, in fact, nothing that could make us angry with the world or each other. We had an elegant house, situated in a fine country, and a good neighbourhood. The year was spent in moral and rural amusements, in visiting our rich neighbours, and relieving such as were poor. We had no revolutions to fear, more fatigues to undergo; all our adventures were by the fireside, and all our migrations from the blue bed to the brown.

As we lived near the road, we often had the traveler or stranger visit us to taste our gooseberry wine, for which we had great reputation; and I profess, with the veracity of an historian, that I never knew one of them to find fault with it. Our cousins, too, even to the fortieth remove, all remembered their affinity and come very frequently to see us. Some of them did us no great honour by these claims of kindred; as we had the blind, the maimed, and the halt amongst the number. However, my wife always insisted that as they were that same flesh and blood, they should sit with us at the same table. So that if we had not very rich, we generally had very happy friends about us; for this remark will hold good through life, that the poorer the guest, the better pleased he ever is with being treated; and as some men gaze with admiration at the colours of a tulip, or the wing of butterfly, so I was by nature an admirer of happy human faces. However, when any one of our relations was found to be a person of very bad character, a troublesome guest, or one we desired to get rid of, upon his leaving my house I ever took care to lend him a riding-coat or a pair of boots, or sometimes a horse of small value, and I always had the satisfaction of finding he never came back to return them. By this the house was cleared of such as we did not like; but never was the family of Wakefield known to turn the traveler or the poor dependant out of doors.

Lecture

The traditional pattern of classroom experience at the college leve l brings the professor and a group of 20 to 30 students together for a 45-to-50-minute class session tow or three times a week. The most common mode of instruction is the lecture. When lectures are the principal method of instruction in larger classes, regular periods may be set aside for small group discussions under the leadership of an assistant instructor. In cases where a small class size encourages informality, lectures may be combined with discussions sessions based on assigned readings, required textbooks, and other outside materials.

Accurate, legible notes are invaluable aids to the student who is enrolled in a lecture course. Notes should be taken during lectures, and when the student is reading the texts prior to each session of the course. The key to good note-taking is to be able to listen a lot and to write only as much as is needed to record the essence of a point or idea presented by the lecturer. Thus, students should endeavor to identify only the main points and ideas being presented and to write them down in outline form. They should also strive to take good notes the first time and not plan to recopy notes—or to do so only when clarity and conciseness demand it. Finally, they should review their notes for about five minutes on the same day that they take them, and go over them again for about half an hour at least once a week, according to a regular schedule or plan. There is no course syllabus to be memorized; instead, the examinations will be base on the material presented in the lectures and textbooks.

Reading

Reading skills are equally important. Experts estimate that it is possible for any normal adult English speaker to read 1,000 words a minute (and more), with special training. Y et most students read only about 300 words per minute. The following principles might be helpful for foreign students who whish to increase their reading skill:

1. Always s read faster than is comfortable. The faster your normal rate of reading become, the better your understanding will be.

2. While reading do not allow yourself to regress, but keep reading ahead in very sentence, even when you come across a new word. If some word, term, or phrase has clouded your understanding, you should reread it only after you have read the entire paragraph through once.

3. Read selectively. As you read make a conscious effort to screen the nouns, pronouns, and verbs from the other words, since these are the words that give meaning to what you have read. In effect, you should really read nouns, pronouns, and verbs and merely see the rest of the words in the sentence.

Joe?s dark eyes searched frantically for Cleo as he marched with the other Negro soldiers up the long thoroughfare towards the boat. Women were running out to the line of march, crying and laughing and kissing the men good-by. But where the hell was Cleo?

Beside him Luke Robinson, big and fat, nibbled from a carton of Baby Ruth candy a he walked. But Joe?s eyes kept traveling up and down the line of civilians on either side of the street. She would be along here somewhere; any second now she would come calmly out of the throng and walk alongside him till they reached the boat. Joe?s mind made a picture of her, and she looked the same as last night when he left her. As he had walked away, with the brisk California night air biting into his warm body, he had turned for one last glimpse of her in the doorway, tiny and smiling and waving good-by.

They had spent last night sitting in the little two-by-four room where they had lived for three months with hardly enough space to move around. He had rented it and sent for her when he came to California and learned that his outfit was training for immediate shipment to Korea, and they had lived there fiercely and desperately, like they were trying to live a whole lifetime. But last night they had sate on the side of the big iron bed, making conversation, half-listening to a portable radio, acting like it was just any night. Playing-acting like in the movies.

It was late in the evening when he asked her, “How?s little Hoey acting lately?”

She looked down at herself. “Oh, pal Joey is having himself a ball.” She smiled, took Joe?s hand, and placed it on her belly; and he felt movement and life. His and her life, and he was going away from it and from her, maybe forever.

Cleo said, “He?s trying to tell you good-by, darling.”And she satvery still and seemed to ponder over her own words. And then all of a sudden she burst into tears.

She was in his arms and her shoulders shook. “It isn?t fair! Why can?t they qtake the ones that aren?t married?”

He hugged her tight, feeling a great fullness in his throat. “Come on now, stop crying, hon. Cut it out, will you? I?ll be back home before little Joey sees daylight.”

“Y ou may never come back. They?re killing a lot of our boys over there. Oh, Joe, Joe, why did they have to go and start another war?”

Old Henry and his wife Phoebe were as fond of each other as it is possible for two old people to be who have nothing else in this life to be fond of. He was a thin old man, seventy when she died, a queer, crotchety person with coarse gray-black hair and beard, quite straggly and unkempt. He looked at you out of dull, fishy, watery eyes that had deep-brown crow?s-feet at the sides. His clothes, like the clothes of many farmers, were aged and angular and baggy, standing out at the pockets, not fitting about the neck, protuberant and worn at elbow and knee. Phoebe Ann was thin and shapeless, a very umbrella of a woman, clad in shabby black, and with a b lack bonnet for her best wear. As time had passed, and they had only themselves to look after, their movements had become slower and slower, their activities fewer and fewer. The annual keep of pigs had been reduced from five to one grunting porker, and the single horse which Henry now retained was a sleepy animal, not over-nourished and not very clean. The chickens, of which formerly there was a large flock, had almost disappeared, owing to ferrets, foxes, and the lack of proper care, which produces disease. The former healthy garden was now a straggling memory of itself, and the vines and flower-beds that formerly ornamented the windows and dooryard had now become choking thickets. A will had been made which divided the small tax-eaten property equally among the remaining four, so that it was really of no interest to any of them. Y et these two lived together in peace and sympathy, only that now and then old Henry would become unduly cranky, complaining almost invariably that something had been neglected or mislaid which was of no importance at all.

“Phoebe, where?s my corn-knife? Y ou ain?t never minded to let my thins alone no more.”

“Now you hush, Henry,”his wife would caution him in a cracked and squeaky voice. “If you don?t, I?ll leave yuh. I?ll git up and walk out of here some day, and then where would y?l be? Y? ain?t got anybody but me to look after yuh, so yuh just behave yourself. Y our corn-knife?s on the mantel where it?s allus been unless you?ve gone an?put it summers else.”

Old Henry, who knew his wife would never leave him in any circumstances, used to speculate at times as to what he would do if she were to die. That was the one leaving that he really feared. As he climbed on the chair at night to wind the old, long-pendulumed, double-weighted clock, or when finally to the front and the back door to see that they were safely shut in, it was a comfort to know that Phoebe was there, properly ensconced on her side of the bed, and that if he stirred restlessly in the night, she would be there to ask what he wanted.

“Now, Henry, do lie still! Y ou?re as restless as a chicken.”

“Well, I can?t sleep, Phoebe.”

“Well, yuh needn?t roll so, anyhow. Yuh kin let me sleep.”

This usually reduced him to a state of somnolent ease. If she wanted a pail of water, it was a grumbling pleasure for him to get it; and if she did rise first to build the fires, he saw that the wood was cut and placed within easy reach. They divided this simple world nicely between them.

It was a fine day in early Spring. Bright sunshine flooded the street where a group of boys in Sunday clothes were playing ball. In most of the tenements the windows were up. Clean-shaven men in collarless shirts or in underwear, women with aprons or sloppy pink wrappers leaned on the sills and gazed with aimless interest at the street, the sky, those who were passing below. Thus they would spend most of every Sunday morning through the coming summer and now, in the first flush of mild weather, they had already taken up their posts. The street rang with the animated bickering of the boys at their game, with the click of a girl?s shoes as she shipped rope, with the muted sounds of a dozen unseen radios.

Into this familiar scene came a sudden intruder: an odd-looking ambulance with glazed window. It turned into the street quietly, moved along slowly as the driver searched for a number, and then came to a stop before a rooming house a drab, four-story building of yellowish, soot-stained brick. In the tenement windows above all eyes turned to the ambulance. On the street all games stopped and, in an instant, the ambulance was surrounded by children.

Those who knew why it had come told the others. An hour earlier there had been a police car and, still earlier, two men from the gas company. The odor of gas emanating from the building has been so strong that it had made church-goers sniff as they passed by on the street.

Up above now, in the open windows of the surrounding tenements, new faces had appeared, and eyes were riveted on the doorway of the yellow brick building. No on talked, no one moved away, and no one came down.

When the tow men in the front seat of the ambulance stepped out and walked into the house, one of the boys, a wiry, sallowfaced, blond lad, jerked his thumb and murmured softly to the others: “Oh, mama, ain?t they got the job?”

“They?ll be carrying you down some day, Shortly,”a stoutish lad commented with an attempt at humor.

The door of the rooming house opened again and conversation stopped. Both men came out. They walked to the rear of the ambulance and opened the door. Inside all was dazzling white, excessively sanitary-looking. Piled one on the other were several unpainted pine boxes without covers. The men lifted out the topmost one. The children became very still, even the youngest one ceasing their chatter. The man who was holding the rear of the box rested it for a moment on his hip and thigh, while using his free hand to close the door. They went inside with the smaller youngsters tailing after them. The landlady shut the door and leaned against the jamb with folded arms. “Beat it,” she said.

The men appeared. The box had its anonymous occupant now in its dark, canvas shroud. The younger children stared in eager fascination, but it was clear that they could not fully comprehend. The older boys, clumped together, looked on intensely, lips pressed together. The blond boy quickly crossed himself.

Thousands of years ago the ancient peoples found out that days were longer in summer than in winter, and nights were shorter. They knew that this had a great deal to do with the changes of the seasons and the growth of plants and animals. They determined through generations of painstaking observation that the day was shortest in the Northern Hemisphere on the 22nd of December, after which it gradually grew longer until the 21st of June, when the day was the longest in the year and the night was the shortest. After that, the day would begin to shorten again gradually. In the beginning, the actual dates of these two days had to be calculated for each individual year, and depended on what kind of calendar was being used.

The first calendar to fix these days on definite dates of the year was the solar calendar, which had 365 days in a year an d—every four year s—a “leap-year”with one extra day.

To an observer on earth, the sun seems to move farther and farther away from the equator to the north until on June 21st it seems to reach its furthest point north. Then it seems to “pause”for one day before it turns around and goes back. Then it goes further and further south until on December 22nd it appears to “pause” again for one day before swerving back north again. These two days are called the Summer Solstice and the Winter Solstice respectively.

Now we know that all this is caused by the movement of the earth around the sun. as the earth journeys around the sun, it spins on its own axis. This can be illustrated by a simple experiment. If you push a sharp stick through a rubber ball and twirl it with two fingers, the ball spins around I much the same way the earth is spinning at this very moment. The points where the stick comes through the ball correspond to the North and South Poles. If you twirl this ball at night directly in front of a bright light, you will notice that half the ball is lighted up while the other half is in the shade. That is just like our night and day. If you keep the stick strictly vertical to the light and twirl it at an even speed, any spot on the ball?s surface will be in the light and in the shade the same length of time.

If the earth were spinning just like this rubber ball, there would only be day and night on earth, but no seasons, and days would always be the same length as night s—12 hours each. But that is not how the earth spins. It spins with its axis tilted. Its axis is always at the angle to the plane of its orbi t—and angle of about 23.5 degrees.

It is this tilting that accounts for our four seasons and the lengthening and shortening of days and nights. For this reason also, the Equator (an imaginary line drawn around the earth at equal distance from the two poles) is not always directly under the sun?s rays. For six months the earth is tilted towards the sun, and the Northern Hemisphere gets more than its share of sunlight every day. Days are longer than nights, and what is more, the sun?s rays come down more perpendicularly instead of slanting down.

In the beginning, Sanford Carter was ashamed of becoming an army cook. This was not from snobbery, at least not from snobbery of the most direct sort. During the two and a half years Carter had been in the army he had come to hate cooks more and more. They existed for him as a symbol of all that was corrupt, overbearing, stupid, and privileged in army life. The image which came to mind was a fat cook with an enormous sandwich in one hand, and a bottle of beer in the other, sweat pouring down a porcine face, foot on a flour barrel, shouting at the K. P. s …Hurry up, you men, I ain?t got all day?. More than once in those two and a half years, driven to exasperation, Carter had been on the verge of throwing his food into a cook?s face as he passed on the serving line. His anger often derived from nothing: the set of a pair of fat lips, the casual heavy thump of the serving spoon into his plate, or the resentful conviction that the cook was not serving him enough. Since life in the army was in most aspects a marriage, this rage over apparently harmless details was not a sign of unbalance. Every soldier found some particular habit of the army spouse impossible to support.

Y et Sanford Carter became a cook and, to elaborate the irony, did better as a cook than he had done as anything else. In a few months he rose from a private to a first cook with the rank of Sergeant, Technician. After the fact, it was easy to understand. He had suffered through all his army career from and excess of eagerness. He had wanted to do well, and so he had often been tense at moments when he would better have been relaxed. He was very young, twenty-one, had lived the comparatively gentle life of a middle-class boy, and needed some success in the army to prove to himself that he was not completely worthless.

Whoever has made a voyage up the Hudson must remember the Catskill Mountains. They are a dismembered branch of the Appalachian family, and are seen away to the west of the river, swelling up to a noble height and lording it over the surrounding country. Every change of season, every change of weather, indeed, every hour of the day, produces some change in the magical hues and shapes of these mountains, and they are regarded by all the good wives far and near as perfect barometers. When the weather is fair and settled, they are clothed in blue and purple, and print their bold outlines on the clear evening sky; but sometimes when the rest of the landscape is cloudless, they will gather a hood of gray vapors about their summits, which, in the last rays of the setting sun, will glow and light up like a crown of glory.

At the foot of these fairy mountains, the voyager may have descried the light smoke curling up from a village whose shingle-roofs gleam among the trees just where the blue tints of the upland melt away into the fresh green of the nearer landscape. It is a little village of great antiquity, having been founded by some of the Dutch colonists in the early times of the good Peter Stuyvesant (may he rest in peace!), and there were some of the houses of the original settlers standing within a few years, built of small yellow bricks brought from Holland, having latticed window and gable fronts, surmounted with weather-cocks.

In that same village, and in one of these very houses (which, to tell the precise truth, was sadly time-worn and weather-beaten), there lived many years since, while the country was yet a province of Great Britain, a simple good-natured fellow of the name of Rip V an Winkle. He was a descendant of the V an Winkles who figured so gallantly in the chivalrous days of Peter Stuyvesant, and accompanied him to the siege of Fort Christina. He inherited, however, but little of the martial character of his ancestors. I have observed that he was a simple good-natured man; he was, moreover, a kind neighbor and an obedient hen-pecked husband. Indeed, to the latter circumstance night be owing that meekness of spirit which gained him such universal popularity; for those men are most apt to be obsequious and conciliating abroad who are under the discipline of shrews at home. Their tempers, doubtless, are rendered pliant and malleable in the fiery furnace of domestic tribulation; and a curtain lecture is worth all the sermons in the world for teaching the virtues of patience and long-suffering. A termagant wife may, therefore, in some respects, be considered a tolerable blessing; and if so, Rip V an Winkle was trice bleed.

Studies serve for delight, for ornament and, for ability. Their chief use for delight is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants that need pruning by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men condemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not heir own use; but that there is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. Some book are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books; else distilled books are like common distilled waters, flashy things. Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know that he doth not. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtitle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave?logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores. Nay, there is no stand or impediment in the wit but may be wrought out by fit studies?like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins?shooting for the lungs and breast?gentle walking for the stomach?riding for the head; and the like. So if a man?s wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the Schoolmen; for they are cyminisectores. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers? case. So every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.

参考答案

一九四七年三月，中国共产党人跟我说，我必须离开延安。他们正在从他们最后的都城撤退，准备上山，那里我是不能去的。毛泽东对我说：“待我们再和世界有来往时”，我或许可以回来。他认为大约要两年时间。他估计得比较宽。不到一年，我在巴黎遇到了中国人，他们就告诉我说，我回中国的时间快到了。“事态的发展比我们想象的来得快。”一九四八年秋天，我在莫斯科等待着去中国。五个月来，我不断申请苏联的出境签证。后来，就在可能安排我旅行中国的朋友刚刚到达的时候，俄国人把我当作“间谍”逮捕起来，并取道波兰把我驱逐出境。我在监狱呆了五天，当时我一直在想，不知道自己做了什么错事。我始终没弄明白。

我在美国住了六年，任何国家的共产党人都不愿和我说话。后来，莫斯科“恢复”了我的名誉，宣布对我的指控是“没有根据的”。当时中国再次发出了邀请。这一次我进行了三年的合法斗争才取得我的美国护照。一九五八年春季我拿到了护照。离申请的那一年整整十年啦！

那时我已经七十二岁了，住在洛杉机，我在那里的朋友比在其他地方都多。我在城里有一所住宅，在山上有一幢避暑的住所，在沙漠地带一幢御寒的住所，还有我自己外出用的一辆汽车和一本驾照。我有一份够维持终身生活的收入。我是否应该去中国呢？

我先到了莫斯科——我住了近三十年的第二故乡。我丈夫的亲友要求我留下。“这里永远是你的家”我很受感动。更为感动的是，作家协会邀请我作他们的客人，并把我送到疗养院休养了一个月，同时又替我弄回了我在被驱逐时所损失的卢布，让我在莫斯科得到一套房间。“最好还是等我从北京回来再说。”

北京会有延安所具有的魅力吗？七十二岁的我能适应中国的生活吗？两个月后，我告诉我的中国朋友说：“这不是对其他国家的批评！既不是对美国，也不是对苏联。但是我认为，中国比谁都更懂得怎样待人。我要学习和写作。”他们在和平委员会的大院里给我找了一套房间。

参考答案

我从十二岁那年起就永远离开了学校，并且找到了一份专职工作。最初是在一家食品杂货店里当伙计。我整天扛沉重的货物，不过干得倒也挺带劲。要不是能干重活，我早就给辞退了。因为老板要我毕恭毕敬地跟那些“上等人”说话，这样干，我实在受不了。

但是，有一个礼拜二——是我歇半天班的假日——事情发展到令我难以忍受的地步。每逢礼拜二回家的时候，我经常替老板捎一大篮子吃的东西，给他的嫂子送去。因为顺路，我也从没说过不乐意。

可是，就在这礼拜二，我们正关店门（上门板）的当儿，一批熏火腿送到店里。“等一会儿！”老板说道，说罢便打开火腿包，拿出一只，开始剔骨头，然后用绳子绑起来。

我想回家，越等越不耐烦，那里是等一会儿，一等就是半天。老板弄完时都快二点半了。然后，他就拿着那只火腿走过来，放在我身边的篮子里，叫我给一个订火腿的顾客送去。

这就是说我得多走一大段才能到家，我就抬起头对老板说：“你知道我礼拜二是两点钟下班的吗？”我还没见过有人像他那次那么吃惊的呢。“你什么意思？”他气喘嘘嘘地说。我对他说，我的意思是，像平常那样捎点货倒可以，那只火腿可就不送了。

他盯着我，好像我是一条怪怪的小爬虫，然后暴跳如雷破口大骂起来。可是我丝毫不让步。他拿我没办法，就耍新花招。“出去给我再找一个伙计来，”他对一个店员大声喊道。

“你到底送不送？”老板转过身子，以威胁的口吻问我。我把说过的话又重复了一遍。“那就滚蛋，”他喊道。于是，我就走出来了。这是我头一回和老板真正闹翻了脸。

参考答案

八十七年前，我们的先辈们在这块大陆上创立了一个新国家，它孕育在自由之中，奉行一切人生来平等的原则。

现在我们正在打一场伟大的内战，以考验这个国家，或者说，以考验任何一个孕育于自由而奉行上述原则的国家是否能够长久生存下去。

我们在这场战争中的一个伟大战场上集会。烈士们为使这个国家能够生存下去而献出了自己的生命，我们在此集会是为了把这个战场的一部分奉献给他们作为最后的安息地。我们这样做是完全应该的，而且也是非常恰当的。

但是，从更广泛的意义上来说，这块土地我们无法奉献，我们也无法将其神圣化，因为，在这里战斗过的勇士们，无论是活着的还是死去的，都已经把这块土地神圣化了，这远不是我们微薄的力量所能左右的。全世界将很少注意到，也不会长久记住我们今天在这里所说的话，但是，全世界永远不会忘记勇士们在这里所做过的事。无宁说，倒是我们这些还活着的人应该在这里把自己奉献给勇士们已如此崇高地推进而未尽的事业；倒是我们应该在这里把自己奉献给仍然留在我们面前的伟大任务，以便使我们从这些光荣的死者身上汲取更多的献身精神，来完成他们已经彻底为之献身的事业；以便使我们在这里下最大的决心，不让这些死者白白牺牲；以便使这个国家在上帝的保佑下得到自由新生，并且使这个归人民所有、由人民治理、为人民办事的政府在世界上永远存在。

参考答案

先生们，他们对我们说，我们弱小，无法和这样的强敌抗衡。但是我们何时才会变得更强大呢？是下星期？是明年？还是等到我们完全解除武装，每家住宅都驻扎英国卫兵的时候呢？难道我们要靠犹豫不决、无所作为来聚积力量吗？难道就这样高枕无忧，直到敌人捆住我们的手脚，我们才能获得有效的抵抗手段吗？先生们，如果我们能够善于利用苍天赋予我们的各种手段的话，我们并不弱小。我们有三百万人民，在我们拥有的这样一个国家，为神圣的自由事业而武装起来，敌人派来抗击我们的任何军队是无法战胜我们的。况且，先生，我们不是孤军作战。有一个主宰民族命运的正义之神，会号召朋友们为我们而战。先生们，战争的胜利不光归于强者，而且也归于机智警惕、主动积极的英勇善战者。再说了，先生们，我们别无选择！要是我们贪生怕死，不敢应战，却要临阵脱逃，现在为时已晚。我们已经没有退路了，要退只有含恨忍辱，沦为奴隶。囚禁我们的锁链已经铸就。波士顿平原上已听到锁链丁铃当啷的响声。战争已无法避免——那就让它来吧！先生们，我再说一遍，那就让它来吧！！！

先生们，避重就轻，大事化小，这些都无济无事。先生们尽管可以高喊和平，和平！——但是依然没有和平！战争实际上已经开始！北方刮来的一阵大风让兵器铿锵作响的声音正回荡在我们耳边。我们的同胞已经上战场了！为什么我们还站在这儿袖手旁观呢？那些先生们究竟想些什么？我们想达到什么目的？不惜以锁链和奴隶为代价换取来的生命会如此可贵？换取来的和平会如此甜美？万能的上帝呀，可不能这样啊！旁人怎么做，我不得而知；至于我呢，不自由毋宁死！

参考答案

谚语是使拉丁美洲人民言谈生动活泼的流行俗语，是洗练睿智的语言，大学教授说，山野农夫也说；市井乞丐说，名媛闺秀也说。谚语虽简洁明快，却往往带刺。

邻居一个丑八怪的女儿说她订婚了，伊梅尔达就说：“太太，你可听见大伙儿讲开了：…罐儿再丑，配个盖子不发愁（姑娘再丑，找个汉子不必忧）。?”当伊梅尔达的女婿气势汹汹要找克扣他工资的老板算帐时，她冷眼瞪着他，说：“小鱼吃得了大鱼吗？”

一天下午，我听见伊梅尔达和女儿在厨房争论开了。原来是女儿刚跟公婆吵了嘴，她非要女儿去赔不是不可。做女儿的却偏不依。“可是，娘，他们说的我受不了，就是甜言蜜语也听不下去呀！他们满嘴大话，可是一旦求上他们，却又穷得不得了。就拿今天来说吧，我们想借一点刚够买一张新床的钱，他们却不肯，我只得讲了些你平日讲过几百遍的话：…既然真阔气，何必又装穷？既然真得穷，何必摆阔气！?”

伊梅尔达哼了一声：“没家教！难道我没有教过你：…舌头欠债，脖子还钱？?我才不愿意让人家指着脊梁骨，说我根本就不会教女儿尊重长辈。去赔个不是吧，可先得穿上连衣裙，换下身上的男裤。你可知道，你婆婆最讨厌女人穿男人的裤子。她总是唠叨：…孵时命定是母鸡，不要逞强当公鸡！?”

做女儿的还想争论：“可是，娘，你不是常说：…得罪了菩萨，也得等菩萨消了气再磕头嘛！?明天再说难道不行吗？”

“不，不，不行！要记住：…药越难吃，越要快吃。?你知道，孩子，是你错了嘛！不过，…大门把你关在外，礼物送到自然开。?我炉里正烤着蛋糕，本想给太太当晚餐的，这我可以跟太太解释解释。好吧，乖孩子，赶紧回家，穿一套粉红色衣服，打扮得漂漂亮亮的。等你回来时，蛋糕也就好了，拿去送给婆婆。婆婆准会很开心，说不定会叫你公公替你们付床钱呢。可得记住：…有来有往，互相利用。?”

(英语)英语翻译专项习题及答案解析含解析

（英语）英语翻译专项习题及答案解析含解析 一、高中英语翻译 1．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．美食是人们造访上海的乐趣之一。（visit） 2．街头艺术家运用创意将鲜艳明亮的色彩带进了老社区。（bring） 3．在你生命中，如果有一个人你需要对他说对不起，那么就去向他道歉吧。（apology）4．这个游戏的独特之处在于它让孩子学会如何应对现实生活中的问题。（what） 5．申请材料需要精心准备，这样你心仪的学校才会对你的能力有全面、准确地了解。（in order that） 【答案】 1．Delicious food is one of the pleasures when people visit Shanghai. 2．Street artists bring bright and vivid colors into older neighborhoods with originality 3．If there is someone to whom you need say sorry in your life, make an apology to him. 4．What makes this game peculiar lies in that it teaches kids how to handle the problems in real life. 5．The applications should be carefully prepared in order that the school you like can have an overall and accurate knowledge of your abilities. 【解析】 【分析】 1．本句重点考察两个知识点。一个是乐趣之一，说明此处的乐趣应该用复数，必须是可数名词，因此选择pleasure。另一个是题目中给出的visit，需要谨慎处理，是用做动词还是名词。此处我们给出一个时间状语从句when people visit Shanghai，同时还可使用其他从句进行处理。所以答案是Delicious food is one of the pleasures when people visit Shanghai. 2．本题难度不大，重点是明亮的色彩的表达，可以使用bright colors, 也可以使用bright and vivid colors. 所以答案是Street artists bring bright and vivid colors into older neighborhoods with originality 3．本题考查there be + 定语从句从而构成条件状语从句。另外考察“道歉”用“make apology to sb.”。所以答案是If there is someone to whom you need say sorry in your life, make an apology to him. 4．本题考察what引导的主语从句，以及“be peculiar to”的用法。所以答案是What makes this game peculiar lies in that it teaches kids how to handle the problems in real life. 5．本题主要考固定词组的掌握，为了使用in order that引导出的目的状语从句。另外也考查 preferred school，have…knowledge/ understanding of…，overall，accurate等。所以答案是The applications should be carefully prepared in order that the school you like can have an overall and accurate knowledge of your abilities. 【考点定位】翻译句子

文言小语段翻译练习(附答案)

文言文翻译讲练 文言文翻译的要求 翻译文言文要做到“信、达、雅”三个字。 信：指译文要准确无误，要忠实于原文意思。 达：指译文要通顺畅达，要合乎现代汉语的语法习惯。 雅：指译文要优美自然，能译出原文的语言风格和艺术水准来。 文言文翻译的方法和技巧 文言文的翻译以直译为主，意译为辅。翻译的方法，大致可总结为“对”、“换”、“留”、“删”、“补”、“调”六个字。 “对”，就是对译，逐字逐句落实。如： 郑人使我掌其北门之管。 ││││││││ 郑国人让我掌管他们北门的钥匙。 “换”，就是用现代词语替换古代词语。 如上句中的：使─让；其─他们的；管─钥匙。 再如：“六国破灭，非兵不利，战不善，弊在赂秦。”句中的“兵”、“利”、“战”、“善”、“赂”、“秦”等均为单音词，翻译时可分别改换为现代汉语双音词：兵器、锋利、作战、得法、贿赂、秦国。 “补“，就是补出文言文中的省略成分。 如：永州之野产异蛇，[ ]黑质而白章，[ ]触草木，[ ]尽死。（《捕蛇者说》） 这一句中有几处省略，第一处翻译时不必补出，第二、三处则必须补上?那蛇??草木?，否则就不连贯，甚至会产生歧义。 有的还要补出相应的关联词，使句意关系更加显豁、畅达。 另如：今日顺从，明日富贵矣。（1998年高考第21题） 译文：（如果）您今日顺从了，（那么）明日就可以享受富贵了。 “删”，文言文中有些虚词没有实在意义，或为语气助词、或表停顿、或是凑足音节、或起连接作用，在翻译时就可以删去，而不必硬译。 如：师道之不传也久矣。（《师说》）可译成：从师学习的风尚已经很久不存在了。 “留”，就是保留文言文中一些基本词汇、专有名词。如人名、地名、国名、朝代名、官职名、年号、政区名、典章制度及度量衡名称等，均不必翻译，原样保留。上例中的“人”、“我”、“北门”就是这样。“调”，就是调整语序。如宾语前置、定语后置、状语后置等倒装句，在翻译时就要把这些倒置的成分调整过来，否则就不符合现代汉语语法。 如：臣诚恐见欺于王而负赵。 句式：见……于……（被动句） 译文：我确实害怕被大王欺骗而对不起赵国。 又如：何以知之？ 句式：何以……（介词宾语前置句） 译为：即“以何……”，凭什么…… 译文：（你）凭什么（或：怎么）知道（蔺相如可以出使）？ 又如：蚓无爪牙之利，筋骨之强，上食埃土，下饮黄泉，用心一也。（《劝学》） 文言文翻译特别提醒 文言文翻译以直译为主，以意译为辅，特别要译出修辞格的语意。如： 1、乃使蒙恬北筑长城而守藩篱（比喻）

100句常见公示语翻译

1、Business Hours 营业时间 2、Office Hours 办公时间 3、Entrance 入口 4、Exit 出口 5、Push 推 6、Pull 拉 7、Shut 此路不通 8、On 打开（放） 9、Off 关 10、Open 营业 11、Pause 暂停 12、Stop 关闭 13、Closed 下班 14、Menu 菜单 15、Fragile 易碎 16、This Side Up 此面向上 17、Introductions 说明 18、One Street 单行道 19、Keep Right/Left 靠左/右 20、Buses Only 只准公共汽车通过 21、Wet Paint 油漆未干 22、Danger 危险

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