浙江省英语高考讲座

2007 浙江省英语高考讲座

（隆高林仙整理）

综述：试卷难度0、6左右考生近40万

命题原则：政治性（无政治敏感题、无争议题、讲政治）

公平性（人选、内容、难度）

科学性（不超纲、不出错、不重复、不大起大落）

导向性（回归教材，回归教学大纲、贴近时代和生活、关注社会）

单选题的几个关注点：（常规题略）

1．省略结构的使用

省略是近几年高考命题中的热点之一，命题者常把一个完整结构中的部分内容（从句、介词短语、不定式的某一成分）省略。但是省略的成分仍然会传达一定的信息。所以要学会根据语言结构和语境，补全省略部分，还原完整句子。例如：

1）The research is so designed that once ______ nothing can be done to change it.

A. begins

B. having begun

C. beginning

D. begun

答案：D

“once begun”可视为一固定表达，补全为“once it is begun,”类似的有(once done, once seen, once remembered )

2）The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street but his mother told him ______.

A. not to

B. not to do

C. not do it

D. do not do

答案：A

根据tell sb. (not ) to do sth 结构，可首先排除C, D，再结合不定式的有关知识排除B。2．被动结构的使用

考生对主动结构较为熟悉，而对被动结构把握不足，命题者为了测试考生的应变能力，设计含有被动结构的试题。故要学会还原成主动结构。例如：

1）The _____ boy was last seen ______ near the East Lake.

A. missing; playing

B. missing; play

C. missed; played

D. missed; to play

答案：A

因为missing是“失踪的”意思，而missed没有这个意思，先排除C、D；再将被动结构还原成主动结构为“Someone last saw the missing boy _____(playing / play) near the East Lake.”，这就不难选出playing为答案了。Playing在此作宾语补足语，表示当时动作正在进行。

2）Charles Babbage is generally considered ______ the first computer.

A. to have invented

B. inventing

C. to invent

D. having invented

答案：A

consider 一词有两种搭配：“consider doing sth.”，与“consider sb. to do sth”，我们将原题题干还原成主动结构“People generally consider Charles Babbage….”就不难看出本题属于后一种搭配的语态变体，再结合时间概念，便可确定A为最佳答案。

3．固定结构的变形使用

每年高考试题中都有大量的考查固定搭配的题目，为了有区分度，试题中把固定结构拆开，放在不同的语言单位里，这就给考生的正常思维制造了障碍。这也就要求考生根据结构中心词联想整个短语。例如：

1）In the dark street there weren?t a s ingle person ______ she could turn for help.

A. that

B. who

C. from who

D. to whom

答案：D

该题考查定语从句中介词加关系代词的用法，解题的关键是考生是否掌握了turn to sb. for help这一固定词组，如能依据中心词turn… for help联想到整个词组，便可判断出正确D答案。

2）She looks forward every spring to ______ the flower-lined garden.

A. paying a visit

B. visit

C. walk in

D. walking in

答案：D

本题考查固定搭配look forward to，其中to是介词，后面应接名词或v-ing。命题者有意在短语中加上every spring，使这一固定结构拆开，只要考生能把握中心词look

forward联想到look forward to，选出D为正确答案就不难了。

4．插入语的使用

题干中增加插入语（如表示观点、看法的短语等），打破了句子原由的结构和平衡，影响了考生的解题思路。这就要求考生有意识去掉插入语，还其本来面目。例如：1）— What do you think made Mary so upset?

— ______ her new bicycle.

A. As she lost

B. Lost

C. Losing

D. Because of losing

答案：C

由于do you think是插入语，去掉之后，便知与what相对应的名词词组选项是C，即动名词短语作主语。

2）Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ______, of course, made the others unhappy.

A. who

B. which

C. this

D. what

答案：B

由于of course的使用，使非限定性定语从句与主语分开，增加了理解的难度。去掉插入语，选择which指代整个主句内容，引导非限制性定语从句就不难了。

5．逻辑主语的使用

动名词、不定式带上自己的逻辑主语，从而构成动名词、不定式的复合结构，与句子其他成分隔开。这就增加了句子的理解难度。考生务必要学会化繁为简。例如：

1）How about the two of us ______ a walk down the garden?

A. to take

B. take

C. taking

D. to be taking

答案：C

如果能看出the two of us为逻辑主语并将其去掉，就能选出C为正确答案，因为What (how) about后通常接名词、代词或动名词结构。

一些常用词的归类

集合名词：①baggage clothing equipment furniture luggage

②people police cattle

③class enemy family government group public

常接不定式作宾语的动词：afford agree ask beg care choose decide determine expect fail happen hope prepare pretend promise refuse request wait wish

常接不定式作宾补的动词：advice allow ask beg cause declare encourage expect forbid force invite order permit persuade press request remind teach tell want warn wish

常接动名词作宾语的动词：admit advise allow appreciate avoid consider delay enjoy escape excuse finish forbid forgive imagine deep mention mind miss practice permit suggest

完形命题：

1．测试目标：词汇，语法（只涉及词法），迅速找准主题、理清文章层次（时间、因果、并列、转折、顺序及递进），推理，就近，了解作者观点（主旨考查）2．命题特点：

1）文章长度控制在280个单词左右，挖空间距平均为14个，填空分布点力求均衡。2）为使学生更容易把握全文中心思想，文章第一句往往是一个完整的句子。

3）被选答案以实词为主，包括(n. v. adv. adj. )，占本题总分的85%；而虚词（prep. conj.）则占15%。

4）文章选材常常的记叙文为主，同时有夹叙夹议的形式，而且所选的文章通常情节生动有趣。

5）从备选答案看，答案选择不是以语法选择、介词选择或短语搭配为主，而是侧重

于对语境的理解以及对上下文的推理判断，占80%左右。干扰项反映学生典型错误

3．挖空题举例：

●Traveling west, you set your click _______; traveling east, you set it ahead.

A. behind

B. forward

C. back

D. ahead C

●Many old people don?t have good _______. They can?t watch TV, but they can listen

to music or news over the radio.

A. hearing

B. health

C. eyesight

D. time C

●They ______ potatoes in different ways. They can boil them and fry them.

A. cook

B. eat

C. make

D. take C

●Some people in India do not eat meat or fish _______.

A. after all

B. first of all

C. at all

D. all too often C

●The world?s population is becoming _______.

A. faster and faster

B. more and more

C. larger and larger

D. bigger and bigger C

●Ella was a middle-aged lady with her only John in a small house. She ______ John

very much.

A. trusted

B. waited on

C. loved

D. depended on C

4．拟选项

做题步骤：（fast reading, repeat reading, extra reading and check reading）

1．重视首句、快速浏览

2．寻找重复、逻辑分析（信号词）虚词＜20% conj. prep.

（信息词）实词＞80% n./pron. Adj./ adv.

3. 认真复查、回顾推敲

复习建议：

1）理顺人物关系，了解其相互关系

2）归纳文章中心，理性推理每个问题

3）巧用五个“W”，（what, how, why, where, when ）透彻理解文章发展方向

4）融人作者创设的故事景，体会故事中人物的感受

5）善于运用文化、社会等背景知识，帮助理解文章

博大不如精深、培养语感、慎选教材

阅读命题：

信息量大，对阅读速度的要求进一步提高；语篇意识加强，选材贴近生活、渗透文化意识，强调实际应用；设题手法灵活，提问深入，不仅要理解字面意思，还要理解内在含义；生词率贴近教材，命题者着重考查考生利用同义词、反义词、构词法语法、语篇文脉来判断生词的能力；

1．信息和重复

2．一个中心（对应法）

3．两个基本点（词汇、语法）

4．三个把握1）对文本语段的把握（题材：不考背景知识、关注热点题材）

（体裁：记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文）

2）对题干选项的把握（题干：细节认定、词汇指代、逻辑推理、

主旨大义）

（选项：正误选项）

3）对考生的自我把握（重视节奏，找平衡点）

5．四种能力（标注、概括、猜测、预测）

阅读复习建议：

1．熟悉“考纲”中对阅读理解题的要求及题型

2．加强现时阅读训练，提高阅读速度

3．加强学习指导，有针对性的方法训练

4．精选不同体裁的阅读材料

另外，也可按文体重组教材优化高三复习

reading 部分包括了记叙文、说明文、应用文、议论文等多种体裁，重新整理组合，将相同的文体课文组合在一个复习单元中，然后结合各种文体的写作特点指导学生了解各种文章的行文结构、语言特色，使学生知道在阅读文章时如何通过文章的结构和写作思路去理解文章，从而提高阅读速度和质量，这样的环环相扣，有效地利用了教材，缩短了复习周期，优化了复习质量。（例如：以人物类记叙文为例的做法）1．整体阅读，感受人物类记叙文的结构特点

高中教材中有关人物介绍的文章共有5篇：Book 1 Unit 5 Getting to know Steven Spielburg(斯匹尔博); Unit 17 Alone in Antarctica; Book 2 Unit 1 No Boundaries; Unit 12 Jules Verne, the Father of Science Fiction; Unit 14 I have a dream.

阅读思考：1）人物类记叙文主要介绍哪些内容？

2）文章以什么方式展开？

3）顺叙、插叙、及倒叙各有什么特点？

2．以文体为介，读写结合，以读促写

在进行人物类记叙文这一专题复习时，将文体知识、阅读、写作三者结合起来，使其相得益彰，相互促进。

单词拼写题：

单词拼写是我省2005年英语试卷中新增加的内容。主要考查学生在句子中对词义的理解。该题型为10年以前高考题型。十年后再次出现。考查的单词均为基本词汇，难度不大。做这类题目，考生需要过三关。第一关，理解整个句子，确定词意；第二关，把握句子结构，确定词性；第三关，依据句意及句子结构，确定词形的变化。

2005年该题考了10个单词，其中名词5个，分别为vegetables, finger, address, medicine和neighbor，动词3个，分别为written, invited和continued，副词和形容词各1个，分别为immediately和famous。2006年单词拼写题不仅考查考生基础词汇的掌握，而且涉及了基本词法和句法知识，有些单词需要考生在语境中加以考虑。考查了5个名词，分别为magazine, breath, material, furniture和weather, 动词2个，分别为wastes和invented，形容词3个，cheap, joking和equal。由于英语与汉语完全不同，所有单词都是以26个字母为基础，成千上万的单词都是一些字母的组合，如果不重视单词的正确拼写就会产生这样或那样的错误，单词拼写常见的错误有：

1. 词义、词性、记忆混淆错误

medicine (n.) ─medical(adj.) medicine (n.药) ─machine(n.机器)

invite(v.邀请) ─invent(v.发明) imformation（×）─information（√）

2. 字母双写发单音的错误

adress（×）─address（√）writen（×）─written（√）imediately（×）─immediately（√）3. 字母顺序颠倒形成的错误

frist（×）first（√）ture（×）─ture（√）

4．字母顺序颠倒形成词义不同的错误

diary(日记)─dairy(牛奶厂) form(v.形成n.形式)─from(从…)

5．单词“派生”过程中形成的错误

explain(v) ─explaination（×）─explanation(n)（√）

invent(v) ─inventer（×）─inventor(n)（√）

6. 分词构成过程中形成的错误

begin─begining（×）─beginning（√）write─writed（×）─written（√）

hear─heared（×）─heard（√）

7. 个别字母多拼或少拼形成的错误

ordnary（×）─ordinary（√）medcine（×）, medicin（×）─medicine（√）

worest（×）─worst（√）inviate（×）─invite（√）goverment（×）─government（√）8. 忽视不发音字母形成的错误

exibition（×）─exhibition（√）Chrismas（×）─Christmas（√）

此外，单词拼写是在一定的语境中出现，所以我们还要考虑词法和句法的正确性，也就是既要考虑单词在该句中的词意、时态、和语态，又要考虑单词在句中的词形变化。例如05年第72题：The rain continued for days, so we could not go out to play.根据句意理解“雨持续下了几天”，选择词意continue，但在英语表达中还要考虑整个句子的时态，也就是这个词的词形，故应该用continued才对。又如第70题：The article was written in German and translated into Chinese. 这是一个含被动语态的句子，所以动词要用过去分词。

总之，英语单词的正确拼写是人际交往中得体地使用英语所必备的能力和要求之一。它不是一蹴而就的，要靠平时的积累，单词发音准确有助于记忆，在篇章中活用单词并落实到笔头有助于巩固词汇。

短文改错

在高考英语试题中占10分，是一个容易得分但又容易失分的题型。其主要考查学生对基础语法知识点的识别和纠正能力，同时考查学生的词汇知识以及语篇行文逻辑等方面运用英语的能力。实践证明，学生独立完成该题型时，对一些错误的巡查有一定困难，但一看到正确答案，他们便明白了。这说明他们识别错误的能力有待提高。所

以掌握短文改错中的一些常见错误类型，有助于学生提高做题效率。下面是短文改错题中常见的错误类型按词性归类：

一、名词

1．不可数名词出现了复数形式。常见的有information, knowledge, progress, homework, You have to learn in order to teach. Without enough knowledges (knowledge) （04湖北）

2．可数名词未变复数例如：

All of the world men and woman (women), boys and girls enjoy sports. （05湖北）二、代词

1．指代的一致性，例如：

… I looked at the orange drink and decided I couldn?t face them. (it) （05天津）

… the foreign teachers here work hard and try his (their) best to make the activities （05福建）

2．it 作形式主语或形式宾语，例如：

… because I though t that (it) was dull to watch a game …（05浙江）

… This (It) is not surprising that the Silver Ghost …（05安徽）

3．反身代词的用法。例如：

… We had to do the washing, cleaning and shopping by us.(ourselves) （05天津）… It was a great achievement for myself (me). I started writing down…. （04重庆）4．一些不定代词的用法，例如：

… I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything (everything) into English.

… Dear classmates, I?ll tell you everything (something) about my future …

… If everyone (anyone) has difficult in study, he will give him a hand.

三、动词

1．时态，例如：

By the end of last year, my collection has (had) grown to 3000 words.

2．动词的方向性，例如：

In American big cities, thousands sell (buy) tickets to watch football or basketball games.

3．动词的主谓一致，例如：

Having fun with their friends make (makes) them happy.

四、形容词、副词

1．考查形容词与副词的使用，例如：

Finding information on the Net is easily (easy).

2．-ing形容词与-ed形容词的用法

Yes, a concert can be very excited (exciting).

3．比较级的各类用法，例如：

Though I?m (more) shorter than him…

4．so与such的用法，例如：

The medicine has so (such) a bitter tas te that I took it mixed…

五、冠词

1．不定冠词a, an与定冠词the的用法，例如：

…we have made (a) great progress.

…He would greet us in a tree outside our bedroom, calling “Hello” as we lay in bed in a (the) morning.

六、介词

1．多用、错用或少用介词，例如：

In fact, they planned to pay a visit (to) China next year.

Just after the third class in (on) this morning…

I?m writing to thank you with (for) your kind help.

On (At) the front door stood a five-year-old boy from across the street.

七、连词

1．顺接关系和转折关系，例如：

The food was expensive and (but) the service was good.

2. 缺连词，例如：

In one class, I learned (why) it rained.

3．固定结构的误用，:例如：

It has been five years when (since) we graduated.

4．连词错用，使句子产生歧异

…I …d probably have a heart attack while (unless) I started eating less.

解题技巧指导时，根据规律总结出的口诀同样是非常有效的。把短文改错题中常见的错误点概括起来的解题规律：

动词形、名词数、注意形和副。非谓语动词细辨别，习惯用语要记住。句子成分多分析，逻辑错误需关注。冠介缺余常常现，连词误用逻辑变。数有基序、代有格，从句细辩引导词。

写作部分：

尽管是针对高考讲座，但不可功利。教学无至尽，没有完美的结果，只能追求更好的过程。谈到书面表达，不得不先反思我们自身，大家都知道不是一蹴而就的，是一个长期工程，老师的重视程度有关，六分之一的比重我们是否合理的给予了充足的时间？在最后的70来天时间只能说说补救措施。

一、06年高考书面表达特点分析

06年书面表达的题目是“Film or book, which do you prefer?”，这是一篇半开放式作文，也就是给出部分要点，同时要求考生发表自己的观点，既具有实用性，又具有开放性。其目的主要是考查考生是否能够借助所学的英语知识，用合乎英语习惯的表达方式传递信息并进行思想交流。附录：

2006年浙江省高考英语书面表达题

Film or book, which do you prefer?

Some of us think that it is better to see the film than to read the book in the original. The reason is that it takes less time to understand the whole story. Besides, the film is usually more interesting, and it is easier to follow.

Some others have just the opposite opinion. They think that they can get more detailed information from the original. Meanwhile, the language in the book is possibly more lively and beautiful.

Personally, I agree with the second view. Actually I have more reasons for it. I think I can stay at home, reading quietly in a situation of my own, and what?s more, I am able to better understand the author?s ideas. In a word, to read the original work is better than to see the film based on it.

（116）

特点一

根据作文要求，本篇作文可分以下三段及有几个必写的要点：

第一段：谈有人选择喜欢看电影的三个理由：省时、有趣、易懂。

第二段：谈有人喜欢原著的两个原因：细节更多、语言优美。

第三段：谈自己的看法和理由。

从形式上看，本篇作文段落分明，要点也容易把握，开放度有是可控范围。因此，这样的作文学生入手容易，不仅有利于发挥水平，而且也有利于使各层次学生下笔。特点二

本作文话题只是谈对两个事物的选择理由及原因，无须像中文议论文那样对问题展开深刻的探讨，且此话题的内容也比较贴近考生的实际生活，使得不同层次的学生有不同的感悟，有话可写。例如：

Film or book, which do you prefer?

Some of us think that it is better to see the film than to read the book in the original. They hold this opinion because they think watching films saves time and they are interesting as well. What?s more important is that they are easy to understand. Others, however, argue that it is better to read the book in the original. As for me, I?m in favor of the book in the original, and the reasons of my view can be listed as follows.

In the first place, original work usually has more details and the sentences are always beautifully written. Secondly, the book in the original introduces a variety of cultural backgrounds at different points in history. What?s more, reading the book in the original every now and then enlarges our vocabulary gradually.

From what has been discussed above, we can conclude that reading original work has more advantag es. So it?s better for us to choose the book in the original.

（142）

二、06年高考书面表达错误分析

从06年高考作文批改情况分析，考生容易犯错误的地方有以下几个方面：

书写拼写错误

每年的作文评卷中，老师们总会叹息有些考生书写不规范，字母辨认不清，单词拼写错误也司空见惯。如：In my opinnion, some situation in films is not ture and it will make people a mistake.

句子结构错误

如：1. Look the book in the original is difficult.

2. Read the book in the original will better than to see the film.

3. May be you like to see the film. But I prefer read the book in the original. First, the

book in the original has more details. Then book in the original have more content.

4. It also make our life more meaningful and colorful. It just like a wing, take us to fly

in the sky, traveling through the culture and history.

5. Read the book also have some goods. There have so many beautiful sentences.

6. Have agree must have disagree. It has some small things for us to read.

7. There are many people don?t like seeing films, but like reading books at home.

8. What more, it not waste their more time, moreover, the film is interesting.

9 Some wish reading the original work, the reason of whom is that the original work

whose language is attractive having more details is worth reading.

10. See the film is saved many time. In the film have many beautiful girls and boys.that

like Liu Dehua, Liu Yifei and so on.

11. With the time going on, calculation of the knowledge, transmitting of surroundings,

our opinion and values will change as well. First of all, watching film that have many advantages. It can save the time, interesting and easy to understand.

以上列出的句子错误从不同角度反映了我们学生不扎实的基本功，

5．句子结构混乱，缺这少那，主谓搭配不当。

6．片面追求复杂的句式和长句，导致错误百出。

7．汉语化思维明显，完全按照中文思路表达。

4．过渡词、连词使用不当，造成句子歧义

5．逻辑混乱、词不达意错误

审题不清错误

一些考生由于多种原因审题不清，直接在给出的句子后面接上自己的观点。如：Some of us think that it is better to see the film than to read the book in the original. But I prefer to read book in the original. First,…Second… 这样开头一段到底，只表达自己的观点，而不表述其他人的观点，直接导致扣分因素和无谓失分。

三、高考书面表达的对策及有效训练

07年浙江省高考的理念是“贴近生活，回归教材”，又根据近两年我省会考及高考的书面表达题样式，不难看出作文题有向实用性、开放性的趋势，这就要求我们加强对学生基本语言的表达训练，要鼓励和督促学生多读经典范文，了解各类文章的写作形式，

勤于练笔，扩大写作视野，把点评和祥批落实到实处，熟悉各种文体的组织结构和段落层次的写作方法，掌握生活中的一些常用词组，灵活运用一些基本句型和句型转换，提高谴词造句的能力，学会运用过渡句和关联词，尽量使短文连贯流畅，内化为自己的东西。也就是采用六字方针“求对、求全、求美”——设计、推敲、美化，要求学生求对为前提，进而求全，然后在对而全的基础上求美。

1．求对做法：

掌握多种文体，如记叙文、描写文、说明文、议论文、应用文，其次是对词、句的正确理解、运用和表达。

2．求全做法：

能够从所给材料中分析，找出应有的信息，利用文体的知识主动补足各部分信息。反映的内容，进行必要的拓展。

3．求美做法

要求学生对句子进行润色，提高文章的表现力，引用一些精彩的表达方式，文章定会增添不少文采。例如：

I couldn?t go on studying with so much noise troubling me. (独立结构的恰当的使用，很生动)

下面是我平时的一些具体操作方法，供我们大家一起探讨。

1．在熟记单词的基础上多记短语，熟读课文，把其中的好句子整体记下来，尽可能用到自己的表达和写作中；

2．记单词时要音、形、义、性并记，关注其在句中的用法；

3．熟读课文，体会英汉两种语言之间的不同表达方式；

4．用造句的方式来巩固和检查新词和短语的落实；

5．每写一个句子，都要注意检查动词的时态、语态、名词的单复数以及主谓一致等问题；

6．学会分析句子的成分，尤其弄明白主谓宾。查看句子结构是否完整；

7．学好语法，了解常见从句、非谓语动词的用法；

8．坚持写作，从造句做起，有短到长，有简到繁，以句带段，以段带篇；9．经常自改、互改写作，教师抓典型句子点评分析，做到举一反三；

我认为，只要把想法落实到实处，找到症结，然后对症下药，写作能力低下不会是攻不克的顽疾。

（相关句型见又一文本）

相信自己、挑战自己、感动自己

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