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初中英语定语从句讲解及练习

初中英语定语从句

关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which

关系副词有：when, where, why

一．关系代词引导的定语从句

1）先行词是人：who∕whom ∕that ( 区分：who可做主语和宾语，whom只能做宾语) Is he the man ＿＿＿wants to see you?

He is the man ＿＿＿＿＿＿I saw yesterday.

Yesterday I helped an old man ＿＿＿lost his way

Mr. Liu is the person ＿＿＿＿＿＿you talked about on the bus.

2）先行词是事物：which∕that

3)whose 用来指人或物（,若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如：

我认识那个车被偷的男人。＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿请递给我那本绿色封面的书。＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿二．关系副词引导的定语从句

1）when, where, why ﹦“介词+ which”

when=on/in/at which

I still remember the day＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿I joined the Party.。

I won’t forget the day＿＿＿＿＿＿＿I spent with you .

2）where=in/on which

Beijing is the place ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿I was born.

I can see the desk＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿there is a book.

这是我去年参观过的山村＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

▲当point,situation，conditions等词作先行词表抽象的地点,其后常由where引导Can you think out a situation＿＿＿this word can be used?

Her illness has developed to the point＿＿＿nobody can cure her.

3）why=for which

Is this the reason ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿he refused our help?

没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

三、that 的用法

1）不用that的情况：介词后不能用

2）只能用that的情况

a．在there be 句型中

商店里有一个我喜欢的玩具。＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

b.在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词

你在商店里有什么东西要买吗＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

所需的只是时间问题。＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

C．先行词有the only, the very ，the same，the last修饰时。

他是唯一解得出这道题的学生。＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

d.先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时。

他是第一个通过考试的人。＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

她是我们班最高的女生。＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

e. 先行词既有人，又有物时。

我能清楚记得我所见到的人和一些照片。＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿d. 以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复Who is the girl＿＿＿＿is crying？

改错题

1、Do you still remember the day when we spent together in China last year?

2、The way which you look at problems is wrong.

【析】当先行词是the way时，定语从句常用that / in which引导，that / in which也可省略。

3、We were interested in the things and people whom we saw during the trip.

4、It was in the kitchen where the fire broke out.

5、I am terribly sorry for having broken the MP4 I borrowed it from you the other day.

6、We will do all what we can to help you out.

7、There’s somebody that wants you on the telephone.

【析】先行词是-body，-one构成的复合代词时，关系代词用who (whom)不用that。

8、The woman who you spoke is an actress.

选择填空

1. Don’t talk about such things of _______ you are not sure.

A. which

B. what

C. as

D. those

2. Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day?

A. that

B. where

C. in which

D. the one

3. Is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday?

A. that

B. where

C. which

D. the one

4. Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago?

A. that

B. where

C. which

D. the one

5. The wolves hid themselves in the places __________ couldn’t be found.

A. that

B. where

C. in which

D. in that

6. The freezing point is the temperature __________ water changes into ice.

A. at which

B. on that

C. in which

D. of what

7. This book will show you __________ can be used in other contexts..

A. how you have observed

B. what you have observed

C. that you have observed

D. how that you have observed

8. The reason is __________ he is unable to operate the machine.

A. because

B. why

C. that

D. whether

9. I’ll tell you __________ he told me last week.

A. all which

B. that

C. all that

D. which

10. That tree, __________ branches are almost bare, is very old.

A. whose

B. of which

C. in which

D. on which

11. I have bought the same dress __________ she is wearing.

A. as

B. that

C. which

D. what

12. He failed in the examination, __________ made his father very angry.

A. which

B. it

C. that

D. what

13. We’re talking about the piano and the pian ist _______ were in the concert we attended last night. A. which B. whom C. who D. that

14. The girl ________ an English song in the next room is Tom’s sister.

A. who is singing

B. is singing

C. sang

D. was singing

15. Those ___ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.

A. learn

B. who

C. that learns

D. who learn

16. Anyone ________ this opinion may speak out.

A. that against

B. that against

C. who is against

D. who are against

17. Didn’t you see the man ________?

A. I nodded just now

B. whom I nodded just now

C. I nodded to him just now

D. I nodded to just now

18. Can you lend me the novel ______ the other day?

A. that you talked

B. you talked about it

C. which you talked with

D. you talked about

19. Is there anything _______ to you?

A. that is belonged

B. that belongs

C. that belong

D. which belongs

20. ---- “How do you like the book?”

---- “It’s quite different from _______ I read last month.”

A. that

B. which

C. the one

D. the one what

21. Mr. Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except _____ who had already taken them.

A. the ones

B. ones

C. some

D. the others

22. The train _______ she was travelling was late.

A. which

B. where

C. on which

D. in that

23. He has lost the key to the drawer _______ the papers are kept.

A. where

B. in which

C. under which

D. which

24. Antarctic _______ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.

A. which

B. where

C. that

D. about which

25. It’s the third time _______ late this month.

A. that you arrived

B. when you arrived

C. that you’ve arrived

D. when you’ve arrived

26. It was in 1969 _______the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon.

A. that

B. which

C. when

D. in which

27. May the fourth is the day ______ we Chinese people will never forget.

A. which

B. when

C. on which

D. about which

28. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, _______ live my grandparents and some relatives. A. which B. that C. who D. where

29. The hotel _______ during our holidays stands by the seaside.

A. we stayed at

B. where we stayed at

C. we stayed

D. in that we stayed

30. Is it in that factory _______ “Red Flag” cars are produced?

A. in which

B. where

C. which

D. that

31. It is the Suez Canal _______ separates Asia ______ Africa.

A. which, to

B. where, from

C. that, from

D. that, with

32. Under the bridge, however, almost directly below, _______ was a small canoe, with a boy in it.

A. there

B. where

C. it

D. which

33. He is not ______ a fool _______.

A. such, as he is looked

B. such, as he looks

C. as, as he is looked

D. so, as he looks

34. Is that the reason _______ you are in favour of the proposal?

A. which

B. what

C. why

D. for that

35. He must be from Africa, _______ can be seen from his skin.

A. that

B. as

C. who

D. what

36. He has two sons, _______ work as chemists.

A. two of whom

B. both of whom

C. both of which

D. all of whom

37. I, _______ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.

A. who is

B. who am

C. that is

D. what is

38. He is a man of great experience, _______ much can be learned.

A. who

B. that

C. from which

D. from whom

39. ---- Do you know the town at all?

--- No, this is the first time I ________ here.

A. was

B. have been

C. came

D. am coming

40. I don’t like _______ you speak to her.

A. the way

B. the way in that

C. the way which

D. the way of which

41. The two things _______ they felt ver y proud are Jim’s gold watch and Della’s hair.

A. about which

B. of which

C. in which

D. for which

42. The dinner was the most expensive meal we ______.

A. would have

B. have had

C. had never had

D. had ever had

43. Do you know which hotel _______?

A. she is staying

B. she is staying in

C. is she staying

D. is she staying in

44. There is only one thing _______ I can do.

A. what

B. that C . all D. which

45. Who can think of a situation ________ this idiom can be used?

A. which

B. that

C. where

D. in that

46. I have many books, some of _______ are on chemistry.

A. them

B. that

C. which

D. those

47. They were interested _______ you told them.

A. in which

B. in that

C. all that

D. in everything

48. The astronaut did many experiments in the spaceship, ________ much

help for knowing space.

A. which we think it is

B. which we think are of

C. of which we think is

D. I think which is of

49. The great day we looked forward to _______ at last.

A. come

B. came

C. coming

D. comes

50. I like the second football match _______ was held last week.

A. which

B. who

C. that

D. /

[参考答案]

1—5 AADBA 6—10 ABCCA 11—15 AADAD 16—20 CDDBC 21—25 ACBDC 26—30 AADAD 31—35 CABCB 36—40 BBDBA 41—45 BDBBC 46—50 CDBBC

用适当的关系词填空：

1. I still remember the night _______I first came to the house.

2. I'll never forget the day________ we met each other last week.

3. Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, _______is the best season there.

4. I will never forget the days _______I spent with your family.

5. I'll never forget the last day______ we spent together.

6. This is the school ______I used to study.

7. Do you still remember the place______ we visited last week?

8. Do you still remember the place_______ we visited the painting exhibition?

9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou,_____is famous for the West Lake?

10. Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, ______lies the West Lake?

11. Tom will go to Shanghai,______live his two brothers.

13. There was a time ______there were slaves in the USA.

14. It is the third time ______you have made the same mistake.

15. It was in the street _____I met John yesterday.

16. It was about 600 years ago____the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.

17. The moment _____I saw you, I recognized(认出)you.

18. This is the very novel about____we've talked so much.

19. This is the way____he did it.

20. Who is the student _____was late for school today?

21. Who _____knows him wants to make friends with him?

22. What else was there in my brother____you didn't like?

23. He lives in the room____window faces to the south.

24. He lives in the room, the window_____faces to the south.

25. This is Mr. John for____son I brought a book yesterday.

26. This is Mr. John for_____I bought a book yesterday.

27. This is the hour_____the place is always full of women and children.

28. And there is one point ______I'd like your advice.

29. Winter is the time of year______the days are short and nights are long.

30. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place____you may spend your weekend.

KEYS: 1. when 2. when 3. which 4. that/which 5. that 6. where 7. that/which 8. where 9. which 10. where 11. where 12. which 13. when 14. that 15. that 16. that 17. (that) 18. which 19. (that/in which) 20.that21.that 22 that

23.whose 24. of which 25. whose26. whom 27. when 28. that 29. that 30. where

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A、 that B、 where C、 which D、 the one 5、 The wolves hid themselves in the places __________ couldn’t be found、 A、 that B、 where C、 in which D、 in that 6、 The freezing point is the temperature __________ water changes into ice、 A、 at which B、 on that C、 in which D、 of what 7、 This book will show you __________ can be used in other contexts、、 A、 how you have observed B、 what you have observed C、 that you have observed D、 how that you have observed

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1.定语从句: 1) 定语从句的定义在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词包括关系代词who(宾格whom,所有格whose),that, which 和关系副词where, when, why 等。 The boy who is wearing a black coat bought a dictionary yesterday. The noodles that（which）my mother cooked were delicious. The school where I learned judo was very large. I remember the day when our band was formed. I don’t know the reason why she got so angry this morning. 2) 定语从句的种类：定语从句可以分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。 (1)限定性定语从句：它是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，书写时不可用逗号分开。如果关系代词在限定性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词通常可以省略。 Do you know the girl who just came in? Shanghai is a city（that）I’ve always wanted to visit. Her sister married a man (who/whom/that) she met on a plane. The time when I first met Mr. White was a very difficult period of my life. (2)非限定性定语从句：它只是对先行词作附加补充说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚完整。这种从句与主句的关系不是很密切，书写时往往用逗号分开。非限定性定语从句一般不用that 引导，而且不可以省略关系词。 The old woman, who lives on her own, has a cat for company. Lori is going to marry Mark, whom she does not love. Beijing, which is the capital city of China, is a very beautiful city. 3) 关系代词的用法：在定语从句中，关系代词起着连接主句与从句，指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用。关系代词的选用取决于主句中的先行词以及关系代词在从句中作何种成分。一．关系代词who, whom 的用法（1）who 可以代替人（即它的先行词必须是人），在从句中担任主语，往往也可以代替在从句中担任宾格的whom,但它的前面不能有介词，如果带介词则必须用宾格whom，即“介词+whom”. E.g. Jonny is a person who always has novel ideas. The girl who the first prize in the contest is from Zhejiang. The person who/whom you just talked to is Mr. Depp. ---The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Depp. (介词to提到定语从句前，只能用whom.) We’ll go to the hospital to see the patients, most of whom are children. (whom 前常用表示数量的词none/neither/both/each/all of…) (2)在定语从句中，who, that 指人时可以通用，但在下列情况下用who,而不用that. A) 先行词是one, ones, anyone 时，宜用who. One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. The ones who flatter me don’t please me. Anyone who laughs last laughs best. Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized. B) 先行词为those 时，宜用who. Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. No words are strong enough to express our thanks to those who worked hard to rescue survivors in the earthquake. C) 当先行词有较长的后置定语时，宜用who. I met a girl in the street yesterday who grew up in Yunnan province. D) 一个句子中带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词时that，另一个宜用who. E.g. The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard. E) 在there be 开头的句子中，事宜用who. There is a young man who wants to see your father. There was a king who was kind to his people. There are many old men who are against this plan. 二．关系代词whose 的用法：关系代词whose 是关系代词who 的所有格形式，它既可以代人，也可以代物。当whose 代物时，相当于of which. Whose 引导的定语从句既可以是限定性定语从句，也可以是非限定性定语从句。 Do you know Peter whose father happens to be working in your company? The tourist wanted to book a room whose window faces south.

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