2012全国卷2已阅 无错版

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试

英语（全国卷Ⅱ）

第Ⅰ卷

第一部分英语知识运用（共三节，满分50分）

第一节语音知识（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）

从A、B、C、D四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例：have

A．gave B．save C．hat D．made

答案是C。

1．theater

A．treasure B．wheat C．season D．realize

2．persuade

A．usual B．insist C．sugar D．trousers

3．company

A．alone B．carrot C．money D．knock

4．opposite

A．service B．outside C．pioneer D．police

5．society

A．official B．recent C．chocolate D．difficult

第二节语法和词汇知识（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例：It is generally considered unwise to give a child ______ he or she wants.

A．however B．whatever

C．whichever D．whenever

答案是B。

6．—What shall we do tonight then?

—______—whatever you want.

A．Help yourself B．It's a deal

C．No problem D．It's up to you

7．He missed ______ gold in the high jump，but will get ______ second chance in the long jump.

A．the；the B．不填；a

C．the；a D．a；不填

8．That evening，______ I will tell you more about later，I ended up working very late.

A．that B．which

C．what D．when

9．Sarah made ______ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.

A．herself B．this

C．that D．it

10．Tony lent me the money，______ that I'd do as much for him.

A．hoping B．to hope

C．hoped D．having hoped

11．I had hardly got to the office ______ my wife phoned me to go back home at once.

A．when B．than

C．until D．after

12．We ______ to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day.

A．set about B．set up

C．set out D．set down

13．Next to biology，I like physics ______.

A．better B．best

C．the better D．very well

14．—Did you ask Sophia for help?

—I ______ need to—I managed perfectly well on my own.

A．wouldn't B．don't

C．didn't D．won't

15．The old man sat in front of the television every evening，happy ______ anything that happened to be on.

A．to watch B．watching

C．watched D．to have watched

16．100 ℃ is the temperature ______ which water will boil.

A．for B．at C．on D．of

17．I'm going to Europe on vacation together with John if I ______ find the money.

A．can B．might C．would D．need

18．The manager ______ the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.

A．has told B．is telling

C．has been telling D．will have told

19．The Harry Potter books are quite popular；they are in great ______ in this city.

A．quantity B．progress

C．production D．demand

20．—Try not to work yourself too hard.Take it easy.

—Thanks.______

A．So what? B．No way.

C．What for? D．You too.

第三节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Around twenty years ago I was living in York.__21__ I had a lot of experience and a Master's degree，I could not find __22__ work.

I was __23__ a school bus to make ends meet and __24__ with a friend of mine，for I had lost my flat.I had __25__ five interviews（面试）with a company and one day between bus runs they called to say I did not __26__ the job.“Why has my life become so __27__？” I thought painfully.

As I pulled the bus over to __28__ a little girl，she handed me an earring __29__ I should keep it __30__ somebody claimed（认领）it.The earring was painted black and said “BE HAPPY”．

At first I got angry.Then it __31__ me—I had been giving all of my __32__ to what was going wrong with my __33__ rather than what was right！I decided then and there to make a __34__ of fifty things I was happy https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9210688486.html,ter，I decided to __35__ more things to the list.That night there was a phone call for __36__ from a lady who was a director at a large __37__.She asked me if I would __38__ a one-day lecture on stress（压力）management to 200 medical workers.I said yes.

My __39__ there went very well，and before long I got a well-paid job.To this day I know that it was because I changed my way of __40__ that I completely changed my life.

21．A．As B．Though C．If D．When

22．A．successful B．extra C．satisfying D．convenient

23．A．driving B．repairing C．taking D．designing

24．A．working B．travelling C．discussing D．living

25．A．prepared for B．attended C．asked for D．held

26．A．lose B．like C．find D．get

27．A．hard B．busy C．serious D．short

28．A．wave at B．drop off C．call on D．look for

29．A．ordering B．promising C．saying D．showing

30．A．in case B．or else C．as if D．now that

31．A．hurt B．hit C．caught D．moved

32．A．feelings B．attention C．strength D．interests

33．A．opinions B．education C．experiences D．life

34．A．list B．book C．check D．copy

35．A．connect B．turn C．keep D．add

36．A．her B．a passenger C．me D．my friend

37．A．hospital B．factory C．restaurant D．hotel

38．A．listen to B．review C．give D．talk about

39．A．plan B．choice C．day D．tour

40．A．operation B．speaking C．employment D．thinking

第二部分阅读理解（共25小题。第一节每小题2分，第二节每小题1分；满分45分）

第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Cold weather can be hard on pets,just like it can be hard on people.Sometimes owners forget that their pets are just as used to the warm shelter（住所）as they are.Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time, thinking that all animals are used to living outdoors. This can put their pets in danger of serious illness. There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe.

Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad. If you have to take them out, stay outside with them.When you’re cold enough to go inside, they probably are too.If you must leave them outside for a long time, make sure they have a warm, solid shelter against the wind, thick bedding, and plenty of non-frozen water.

If left alone outside,dogs and cats can be very smart in their search for warm shelter.They can dig into snow banks or hide somewhere. Watch them closely when they are left outdoors, and provide them with shelter of good quality.Keep an eye on your pet’s water.Sometimes owners don’t realize that a water bowl has frozen and their pet can’t get anything to drink.Animals that don’t have clean and unfrozen water may drink dirty water outside, which may contain something unhealthy for them.

41．What do we learn about pets from Paragraph 1?

A．They are often forgotten by their owners.

B．They are used to living outdoors.

C．They build their own shelters.

D．They like to stay in warm places.

42．Why are pet owners asked to stay with their pets when they are out in cold weather?

A．To know when to bring them inside.

B．To keep them from eating bad food.

C．To help them find shelters.

D．To keep them company.

43．If pets are left on their own outdoors in cold weather，they may ______.

A．run short of clean water

B．dig deep holes for fun

C．dirty the snow nearby

D．get lost in the wild

44．What is the purpose of this text?

A．To solve a problem.

B．To give practical advice.

C．To tell an interesting story.

D．To present a research result.

B

You may think that sailing is a difficult sport，but it is really not hard to learn it.You do not need to be strong.But you need to be quick.And you need to understand a few basic rules about the wind.

First，you must ask yourself，“Where is the wind coming from？Is it coming from ahead or behind or from the side？”You must think about this all the time on the boat.The wind direction tells you what to do with the sail.

Let's start with the wind blowing from behind.This means the wind and the boat are going in the same direction.Then you must always keep the sail outside the boat.It should be at a 90° angle （角度）to the boat.Then it will catch the wind best.

If the wind is blowing from the side，it is blowing across the boat.In this case，you must keep the sail half way outside the boat.It should be at a 45°angle to the boat.It needs to be out far enough to catch the wind，but it shouldn't flap（摆动）．It shouldn't look like a flag on a flagpole.If it is flapping，it is probably out too far，and the boat will slow down.

Sailing into the wind is not possible.If you try，the sail will flap and the boat will stop.You may want to go in that direction.It is possible，but you can't go in a straight line.You must go first in one direction and then in another.This is called tacking.When you are tacking，you must always keep the sail inside the boat.

45．What should you consider first while sailing?

A．Sailors' strength. B．Wave levels.

C．Wind directions. D．Size of sails.

46．What does the word “It” underlined in Paragraph 4 refer to?

A．The boat. B．The wind.

C．The sail. D．The angle.

47．What do you have to do when sailing against the wind?

A．Move in a straight line. B．Allow the sail to flap.

C．Lower the sail. D．Tack the boat.

48．Where can you probably find the text?

A．In a popular magazine.

B．In a tourist guidebook.

C．In a physics textbook.

D．In an official report.

C

Facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships.For example,in American culture（文化）the smile is in general an expression of pleasure. Yet it also has other uses.A woman’s smile at a police officer does not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young child.A smile may show love or politeness.It can also hide true feelings.It often causes confusion（困惑）across cultures.For example, many people in Russia consider smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even improper.Yet many Americans smile freely at strangers in public places（although this is less common in big cities）.Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong places;some Americans believe that Russians don’t smile enough. In Southeast Asian cultures,a smile is frequently used to cover painful feelings.Vietnamese people may tell a sad story but end the story with a smile.

Our faces show emotions（情感）, but we should not attempt to“read”people from another culture as we would“read”someone from our own culture.The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions.Rather,there are cultural differences in the amount of facial expressiveness permitted.For example,in public and in formal situations many Japanese do not show their emotions as freely as Americans do.When with friends,Japanese and Americans seem to show their emotions similarly.

It is difficult to generalize about Americans and facial expressiveness because of personal and cultural differences in the United States.People from certain cultural backgrounds in the United States seem to be more facially expressive than others.The key is to try not to judge people whose ways of showing emotion are different.If we judge according to our own cultural habits,we may make the mistake of“reading”the other person incorrectly.

49．What does the smile usually mean in the U.S.?

A．Love. B．Politeness. C．Joy. D．Thankfulness.

50．The author mentions the smile of the Vietnamese to prove that a smile can______.

A．show friendliness to strangers

B．be used to hide true feelings

C．be used in the wrong places

D．show personal habits

51．What should we do before attempting to “read” people?

A．Learn about their relations with others.

B．Understand their cultural backgrounds.

C．Find out about their past experience.

D．Figure out what they will do next.

52．What would be the best title for the text?

A．Cultural Differences

B．Smiles and Relationships

C．Facial Expressiveness

D．Habits and Emotions

D

ADDIS ABABA，Ethiopia—One of the world's most famous fossils（化石）—the 3.2 million-year-old Lucy skeleton（骨骼）unearthed in Ethiopia in 1974—will go on an exhibition tour abroad for the first time in the United States，officials said Tuesday.

Even the Ethiopian public has only seen Lucy twice.The Lucy on exhibition at the Ethiopian National Museum in the capital，Addis Ababa，is a_replica while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom.A team from the Museum of National Science in Houston，Texas，spent four years discussing with the Ethiopians for the U．S.tour，which will start in Houston next September.

“Ethiopia's rich culture of both the past and today，is one of the best kept secrets in the world，”said Joel Bartsch，director of the Houston museum.

The six-year tour will also go to Washington，New York，Denver and Chicago.Officials said six other U．S.cities may be on the tour.But they said plans had not yet been worked out.

Traveling with Lucy will be 190 other fossils.

Lucy，her name taken from a Beatles song that played in a camp the night of her discovery，is part of the skeleton of what was once a 31/2-foot-tall ape-man（猿人）．

53．The author writes this text mainly to______.

A．introduce a few U．S.museums

B．describe some research work

C．discuss the value of an ape-man

D．report a coming event

54．What do the words “a replica” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A．A painting of the skeleton.

B．A photograph of Lucy.

C．A copy of the skeleton.

D．A written record of Lucy.

55．How many cities has Lucy's U.S.tour plan already included?

A．Four. B．Five.

C．Six. D．Eleven.

56．What was the skeleton named after?

A．An ape-man. B．A song.

C．A singer. D．A camp.

E

Make Up Y our Mind to Succeed

Kind-hearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure. The generation born between 1980 and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores and performance were played down because“everyone's a winner.”And their report cards sounded more positive （正面的）than ever before. As a result，Stanford University professor Carol Dweck，PhD，calls them “the overpraised generation.”

Dweck has been studying how people deal with failure for 40 years.Her research has led her to find out two clearly different mind-sets that have a great effect on how we react to it.Here's how they work：

A fixed mind-set is grounded in the belief that talent（才能）is genetic—you're a born artist，point guard，or numbers person.The fixed mind-set believes it's sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame.When things get difficult，it's quick to blame，lie，and even stay away from future difficulties.

On the other hand，a growth mind-set believes that no talent is entirely heaven-sent and that effort and learning make everything possible.Because the ego（自尊）isn't on the line as much，the growth mind-set sees failure as a chance rather than shame.When faced with a difficulty，it's quick to rethink，change and try again.In fact，it enjoys this experience.

We are all born with growth mind-sets.（Otherwise，we wouldn't be able to live in the world.）But parents，teachers，and instructors often push us into fixed mind-sets by encouraging certain actions and misdirecting praise.Dweck's book，Mind-set：The Ne w Psychology of Success，and online instructional program explain this in depth.But she says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your children，grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure.

57．What does the author think about the present generation?

A．They don't do well at school.

B．They are often misunderstood.

C．They are eager to win in sports.

D．They are given too much praise.

58．A fixed mind-set person is probably one who______.

A．doesn't want to work hard

B．cares a lot about personal safety

C．cannot share his ideas with others

D．can succeed with the help of teachers

59．What does the growth mind-set believe?

A．Admitting failure is shameful.

B．Talent comes with one's birth.

C．Scores should be highly valued.

D．Getting over difficulties is enjoyable.

60．What should parents do for their children based on Dweck's study?

A．Encourage them to learn from failures.

B．Prevent them from making mistakes.

C．Guide them in doing little things.

D．Help them grow with praise.

第二节根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Daughter：Dad.You love me，don't you?

Father：Of course，I do.__61__

Daughter：Well，I saw this great offer for a free phone here in the newspaper，and...

Father：__62__

Daughter：Well，the phone is free...after the $ 50 I pay is returned to me.

Father：Ah，so that's the catch.__63__

Daughter：Dad.All my friends have one.

Father：Ah，I don't know.__64__

Daughter：But the monthly charge for this service is only $29.99，with 1,000 free weekday minutes nationwide，and unlimited weekend minutes.

Father：I don't know.

Daughter：Please Dad.With the new phone you won't have to worry about me while I'm driving the new car.

Father：__65__

Daughter：The new car you'll need to buy so I can use the phone.

A．Ah...what's on your mind?

B．New car？What new car?

C．Free？Nothing's ever free.

D．What did you do to the new car?

E．And why on earth do you need a phone?

F．They always charge a lot for the service.

G．But what is the term of the service agreement？

第Ⅱ卷

第三部分写作（共三节，满分55分）

第一节单词拼写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

根据下列句子及所给汉语注释，在答题卡相应题号的横线上写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。（每空只写一词）

66．Do you speak any ______（外国）languages?

67．Rebecca was the ______（骄傲）of her family.

68．Will you stop ______（打断）me when I'm talking?

69．David Beckham's ______（国籍）is British.

70．The ______（现代）history of Italy dates from 1860.

71．Bob's ______（侄子）is a freshman at Harvard University.

72．Alice wanted to borrow Jack's computer，but he ______（拒绝）．

73．Her ______（书架）are filled with books and photos.

74．What are you girls ______（耳语）about?

75．Don't ______（咳嗽）more than you can help.

第二节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断：如无错误，在该行右边横线上画一个勾（√）；如有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按下列情况改正：此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（\划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。

此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。

此行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。

注意：1．原行没有错的不要改；

2．答案必须写在答题卡相应的位置上。

Dear Editor，

I'm writing to tell you opinion about water saving.

76．______ Water is important.We，as well as animal，cannot live

77．______ without water and neither agriculture or industry can go

78．______ without it.Yet it seemed water is becoming less and less.

79．______

Many countries in the world find we don't have enough water.

80．______ To deal with a problem，I think，we should first go all

81．______ out to plant trees though trees will help save water.Next，no

82．______ drinking water should be left running.Third，we should find

83．______ ways to reuse the water using in washing，especially bath

84．______ water for which is quite a lot，and that will save much water.

85．______

Sincerely，

Li Hua 第三节书面表达（满分30分）

假定你是李华，你班同学决定为小明举办生日聚会。请你写信邀请外教Susan参加，要点包括：

1．时间：周五晚8点至9点

2．地点：学生俱乐部

3．内容：生日歌、蛋糕、游戏等

4．要求：备小礼物

注意：1．词数100左右，开头语已为你写好；

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3．答案必须写在答题卡相应的位置上。

Hi，Susan，

We're throwing a surprise party for Xiaoming's birthday.___________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

1．D2．B3．C4．A5．B

6．D考查交际用语。Help yourself. 意为“请自便”；It's a deal.意为“就这么定了，成交”；No problem.意为“没问题，别客气，没关系”；It's up to you.意为“由你来做决定”。句意：——那么我们今晚做什么呢？——由你来做决定，你想做什么都行。故选D项。

7．C考查冠词。第一个空格处特指跳高的金牌，因此要用the gold；第二个空格处表示“又一次机会”，不表示特指，应用a。故选C项。

8．B考查定语从句。由空格前的“，”可知该定语从句不能用that来引导，排除A项；what不能引导定语从句，排除C项；从句中的about 缺少宾语，因此排除不能作宾语的when，而which可以在从句中作宾语且可以引导非限制性定语从句，故选B项。

9．D考查代词。词组make it的含义是“抵达，做到，赶上，及时达到”，句意：今天上午萨拉到达机场后刚好赶上飞机。故选D项。

10．A考查非谓语动词。由空格前的“，”可排除B项，因为动词不定式作目的状语时其前不加“，”；如果选择C项（hoped）则应在空前加and；希望的动作并不是发生在“托尼借给我钱”之前，故排除表示完成的having hoped；由于Tony与hope之间存在主动关系，故选择现在分词hoping作状语。

11．A考查状语从句。hardly常与when连用，表示“一……就……”；hardly...when...＝no sooner...than...，主句常用过去完成时，从句则用一般过去时。句意：我刚到办公室，我妻子就给我打电话要我马上回家。故选A项。

12．C考查动词短语。set about后接doing sth.，意为“着手做某事”；set up意为“建立”，不与to do连用；set out后接to do sth.，表示“着手做某事”；set down意为“写下，登记，放下”。句意：我们着手粉刷整个房子，但那天我们只粉刷了房子前面的部分。故选C项。

13．B考查形容词。句意：除了生物，我最喜欢物理。注意本题易误选A项，其实此处并没有把生物和物理作比较。

14．C考查时态。由问句的时态标志Did可知答语的时态也应该用过去的时态，即I didn't need to。句意：——你向索菲亚求助了吗？——我没有必要——我自己设法完成得很好。故选C项。

15．A考查非谓语动词。本句中的happy...是形容词短语作状语，表示句子主语The old man的状态。由句子中的happy可知其后应接动词不定式表原因，即（the old man is）happy to...。故选A项。

16．B考查介词。由于本句中的which指代上文的100 ℃，表示“在多少度”应用介词at。故选B项。

17．A考查情态动词。can能够；might可能；would愿意；need需要。句意：如果我能找到那笔钱，我打算和约翰一起去欧洲度假。故选A项。

18．C考查时态。由句子的时间状语since 9 am可知本句应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，故排除B项和D项；现在完成时侧重过去的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，而现在完成进行时则侧重做一件事情的过程，意为“一直在……”。句意：自从上午9点，经理就一直在跟工人们讲如何改进这个项目。故选C项。

19．D考查名词。quantity数量；progress进步，进展；production 生产；demand需求，词组，in great demand表示“需求量很大”。句意：《哈利·波特》系列小说非常流行；它们在这个城市需求量很大。故选D项。

20．D考查交际用语。So what？意为“那又如何？”；No way.意为“没门，不可能”；What for？意为“为什么？”；You too.意为“你也是”。句意：——尽力不要让自己太辛苦了。放松点。——谢谢。你也是。故选D项。

21．B as可以引导时间状语从句，也可以作“虽然，尽管”讲，引导让步状语从句，但从句必须用倒装语序；though“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句；if“如果”，引导条件状语从句；when“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句。由“我有许多经验和硕士学位”以及主句中的I couldn't find...work可知，此处应用though表示“虽然我有许多经验和硕士学位”。故选B 项。

22．C successful成功的；extra额外的；satisfying令人满意的；convenient方便的，便利的。此处satisfying与上文“虽然我拥有的经验和硕士学位”相呼应。故选C项。

23．A由该句的to make ends meet（收支相抵）可知，此处应是作者的谋生手段，应用driving表示“开校车”。故选A项。

24．D由for后的“我失去了我的公寓”可推知，此处应用living表示“我和一个朋友住在一起”。故选D项。

25．B prepare for为……做准备；attend参加；ask for请求得到；hold举办。此处用attended表示“我参加了一家公司的五次面试”。故选B项。

26．D由下一句中的“I thought painfully”可知，作者没有得到这份工作。

27．A没有得到那份工作，作者认为生活如此艰难。hard艰难的；busy忙碌的；serious 严肃的，认真的；short短的。故选A项。

28．B wave at朝……挥手；drop off让……下车；call on号召；look for寻找。此处用drop off表示“就在我把校车停下让一个小女孩下车的时候”。故选B项。

29．C order命令；promise承诺，答应；say说；show展示。此处用saying表示小女孩在把耳环交给作者的同时说了一些话。故选C项。

30．A in case以免，万一；or else否则；as if好像；now that既然。此处用in case表示“我应该把这个耳环保存着以防有人来认领”。故选A项。

31．B It hit sb....表示“某人突然想起……”。故选B项。

32．B feelings感受，感觉；attention注意力；strength力气，优势；interests爱好，利益。此处用attention表示“我一直都在注意不好的事情而不是好的事情”。故选B项。

33．D opinion观点，看法；education教育；experience经验；life生活。由作者没有

得到那份工作可知，作者关注的是自己生活中不好的事情。故选D项。

34．A list目录，表，词组make a list of的含义是“列表”；book书籍；check检查，核对，支票；copy抄本，副本，（相同书、报等的）份，册，本。此处用list表示“列出令我高兴的50件事情”。故选A项。

35．D connect联系，连接；turn转向；keep保持；add增添，增加，常与to连用。此处用add表示“后来，我决心在这个表中添加更多的事情”。故选D项。

36．C根据下一句的“She asked me if...”可知，这位女士的电话就是打给作者的。故选C项。

37．A由下一句中的medical workers（医疗工作者）可知这位女士在一所医院。

38．C listen to听……；review复习；give给；talk about谈论。此处用give构成短语give a．..lecture“做一次……的演讲”。故选C项。

39．C plan计划；choice选择；day日子，天；tour旅行。此处应指作者这一天的演讲非常成功。故选C项。

40．D operation手术，操作；speaking说话；employment雇佣；thinking思考。此处用thinking表示“我知道这是因为我改变了思考的方式我才彻底改变了我的生活”。故选D项。

41．D细节理解题。由第一段第二句“Sometimes owners forget that thei r pets are just as used to the warm shelter...”可知，宠物也喜欢待在温暖的地方，故选D项。

42．A推理判断题。由第二段第二、三句可知，如果你必须把宠物带出去，那就要和宠物待在一起，这样当你感到冷，需要进入室内的时候，宠物也一样。由此可推出答案为A 项。

43．A细节理解题。由第三段可知，在寒冷的天气里，当宠物被单独留在室外的时候，宠物可能喝不到干净而且未结冰的水。故选A项。

44．B推理判断题。由第一段最后一句可推知，本文主要是给读者提一些实用的建议。故选B项。

45．C推理判断题。根据第二段第一句可推知，当你航海时，首先要考虑的应该是风向。故选C项。

46．C词义猜测题。第四段第三、四句中的it都是指代第二句中的名词the sail（帆）。故选C项。

47．D推理判断题。最后一段主要讲述逆风航海（sailing into the wind）要注意的一些事项。根据最后一段的最后两句可知，在逆风航海时，你需要“tack the boat”，也就是使船抢风行驶。故选D项。

48．A推理判断题。航海介绍类文章不会出现在旅游指南、物理课本或正式的报道中，但可以出现在通俗杂志上。故选A项。

49．C细节理解题。由第一段第二句可知，在美国文化中，微笑通常是一种高兴的表示。由此可知，在美国微笑通常意味着高兴。故选C项。

50．B细节理解题。由第一段最后两句可知，作者列举越南人的例子是用来说明微笑可以用来掩饰真实的感受。故选B项。

51．B推理判断题。由最后一段可知，在不同的文化中，微笑代表的含义是不同的。由此得出，在试图“读懂”别人时，先要了解其文化背景。故选B项。

52．C主旨大意题。本文三个段落的第一句都谈到人们的面部表情，由此可知，本文的中心和标题应该与人的面部表情有关。故选C项。

53．D主旨大意题。本文是一篇新闻报道，新闻报道的主旨通常体现在报道的开头。由报道的开头“世界上最著名的化石之一将在美国进行首次国外展览”可知，作者的写作目的是为了报道一件即将发生的事情。故选D项。

54．C词义猜测题。由划线词后“while the real remains are usually locked...”可知，replica 只是一个复制品，而真正的遗骨通常被锁在一个秘密的储藏室里。故选C项。

55．B细节理解题。由第二段最后一句可知，这次展览首先从美国的休斯敦开始；由第四段可知，这次展览还将在美国华盛顿、纽约、丹佛和芝加哥举行。这五个城市已经定下来。故选B项。

56．B细节理解题。由最后一段可知，这副骨骼化石的名字Lucy 来自于披头士乐队的一首歌曲。故选B项。

57．D推理判断题。由第一段可知，作者认为人们不知道他们对孩子的过分赞扬使得孩子们不敢面对失败。故选D项。

58．A细节理解题。由第三段第一、二句可知，在持消极心态（fixed mind-set）的人看来，才能是与生俱来的，不用付出太多努力就能成功。故选A项。

59．D细节理解题。由第四段最后一句可知，对于那些持积极态度的人来说，克服困难是一件快乐的事情。故选D项。

60．A推理判断题。按照德韦克的研究，孩子们生来都是持积极态度的人，是父母、老师和其他人把孩子培养成了持消极态度的人。因此，为了孩子的健康成长，家长应该鼓励孩子勇于面对失败，从失败中吸取经验教训。故选A项。

61．A62．C63．E64．F65．B

66．foreign67．pride68．interrupting69．nationality70．modern71．nephew 72．refused73．bookshelves/bookcases74．whispering75．cough

短文改错

Dear Editor，

I'm writing to tell you ∧ opinion about water saving.

76．my Water is important.We，as well as animal，cannot live

77．animals without water and neither agriculture or industry can go

78．nor without it.Yet it seemed water is becoming less and less.

79．seems Many countries in the world find we don't have enough water.

80．they To deal with a problem，I think，we should first go all

81．the/this/that out to plant trees though trees will help save water.Next，no

82．because/since/as drinking water should be left running.Third，we should find

83．√ways to reuse the water using in washing，especially bath

84．used water which is quite a lot，and that will save much water.

85．

Sincerely，

Li Hua 书面表达

One possible version：

Hi，Susan，

We're_throwing_a_surprise_party_for_Xiaoming's_birthday.We'd like to invite you to the party.We want to give him a surprise，so please keep quiet about it.We'll gather at the Students' Club at 8 pm this Friday，after the evening classes.And it's going to last about an hour.We each will prepare a little present.When he comes，we'll light the candles and sing“Happy Birthday”together for him.Then the cake will be cut and we'll sing songs and play games.It'll be nice to see how excited he will be.I'm sure you'll have a good time at the party，too.

Yours，

Li Hua

2012年高考英语全国卷

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2011年高考英语全国卷1：真题及答案(打印版)

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