Victorian
The Victorian Age
Queen Victoria was the ruler of England from 1837 to 1901, so it is customary to call the writings produced during this long stretch of years Victorian literature. It is commonly divided into three phases:
?The Early Victorian Period(1832-1848), a time of troubles
?The Mid-Victorian Period (1848-1870), a time of economic prosperity and
religious controversy
?The Last Period(1870-1901), a time characterized by decay of Victorian
values.
?Background
?Development of Capitalist industry and its significance.
?Darwin’s theory of Evolution and its influence. (1859 On the Origin of
Species)
?Women question : how women were regarded and regarded themselves as
members of society became one of the chief concerns of Victorian writers. Literature of the Age
?Unlike the previous two periods of Neo-classicism and Romanticism, there
was no dominant literary theory in Victorian literature. Several literary trends existed side by side, they are as follows
?Chartist literature, the product of the Chartist Movement(宪章运动是19世纪
30～40年代英国发生的争取实现人民宪章的工人运动，是世界三大工人运动之一。目的：工人们要求取得普选权，以便有机会参与国家的管理。)
?The flourishing of realistic novels from Dickens to Hardy. This is considered
the greatest literary achievement of the age .
?The third is the memorable poetry of the “Big Three”--- Tennyson, Browning
and Arnold.
The fourth is the appearance of the Pre-Raphaelite(前拉斐尔派:是1848年在英国兴起的美术改革运动。这个画派的活动时间虽然不是很长（约持续三四年的时间，1854年后他们便分道扬镳了），但是对于19世纪的英国绘画史及方向，带来了很大的影响。) Brotherhood, a new movement in art and poetry shortly after 1850, led by Dante Gabriel Rossetti
The fifth is the emergence of the Aesthetic Movement towards the end of the century, represented by Oscar Wilde, who advocated the theory of “art for art’s sake”Victorian Novel
No one who has studied Victorian literature will ignore its outstanding achievements in the novel. From the time of Charles Dickens to the final decade when Thomas Hardy published his last novel Jude the Obscure, a long line of novelists continued to turn out monumental masterpieces that delighted their contemporaries and continue to delight readers today.
Charles Dickens
?Charles Dickens was born on February 7, 1812, and spent the first nine years
of his life living in the coastal regions of Kent, a county in southeast England.
Dickens’s father, John, was a kind and likable man, but he was incompetent with money and piled up tremendous debts throughout his life. When Dickens
was nine, his family moved to London. When he was twelve, his father was
arrested and taken to debtors’ prison.
Dic kens’s mother moved his seven brothers and sisters into prison with their father, but she arranged for the young Charles to live alone outside the prison and work with other children pasting labels on bottles in a blacking warehouse
Dickens found the three months he spent apart from his family highly traumatic. Not only was the job itself miserable, but he considered himself too good for it, earning the contempt of the other children. After his father was released from prison, Dickens returned to school. He eventually became a law clerk, then a court reporter, and finally a novelist. His first novel, The Pickwick Papers,became a huge popular success when Dickens was only twenty-five. He published extensively and was considered a literary celebrity until his death in 1870
?Many of the events from Dickens’s early life are mirrored in Great
Expectations,which, apart from David Copperfield,is his most autobiographical novel.
Works and its significance
?Upon his death, Dickens left to the world a rich legacy of 20 novels, and a
number of short stories. They offer a most complete and realistic picture of English society of his age and remain the highest achievement in the 19th century English novel.
?In nearly all his novels, behind the gloomy pictures of oppression and poverty,
behind the loud humor and buffoonery(滑稽), is his gentleness, his genial mirth (happiness), and his simple faith in mankind.
Distinct features of his novels
?Character sketches and exaggeration
in his novels are found about 19 hundred figures, some of whom are really such “typical characters under typical circumstances” that they become proverbial or representative of a whole group of similar persons.
?As a master a characterization, Dickens was skillful in drawing vivid
caricatural sketches by exaggerating some peculiarities, and in giving them exactly the actions and words that fit them, that is right words and right actions for the right person.
?Broad humor and penetrating satire
Dickens is well known as a humanist as well as satirist. He sometimes employs humour to enliven a scene or lighten a character making it eccentric, whimsical, or laughable. Sometimes, he uses satire to ridicule human follies or vices, with the purpose of laughing them out of existence or bringing about reform
?Complicated and fascinating plot
?The power of exposure
as the greatest representative of English critical realism, Dickens made his novel the instrument of morality and justice. Whatever we may think of the exaggeration of his characters, it is certain that he did more to correct the general selfishness and injustice of society toward the poor than all the works of other literary men of his age combined. Each of his novels reveals a specific social problem.
Artistic techniques
?Dickens has a tendency to depict the grosteque characters or events.
?Dickens loves to instil life into inanimate things and to compare animate
beings to inanimatie things.
?Dickens is noted for his description of pathetic scenes that aim to arouse
people’s sympathy
Realism
?The 19th century literary movement that reacted to romanticism by insisting
on a faithful, objective presentation of the details of everyday life. Naturalism
A extreme form of realism. A post-Darwinian movement of the late 19th century that tried to apply the “laws” of scientific determinism to fiction. The naturalis t went beyond the realist’s insistence on the objective presentation of the details of everyday life to insist that the materials of literature should be arranged to reflect a deterministic universe in which man is a biological creature controlled by his environment and heredity.
?During 1880s-1890s,naturalism was spread to Britain but was received rather
coldly and hostilely. critics couldn't tolerate the frank and audacious descriptions of naturalistic novels, especially descriptions about sexuality;
secondly, the authorities and the upper-classes were afraid of the possibility that reading by a large audience of naturalist novels would lead to the weakening of national spirit or threaten social stability. Represented by French writer Zola.
Background information
?Great Expectations is set in early Victorian England, a time when great social
changes were sweeping the nation. The Industrial Revolution of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries had transformed the social landscape, enabling capitalists and manufacturers to amass huge fortunes. Although social class was no longer entirely dependent on the circumstances of one’s birth, the divisions between rich and poor remained nearly as wide as ever.
Themes Ambition and Self-Improvement
The moral theme of Great Expectations is quite simple: affection, loyalty, and conscience are more important than social advancement, wealth, and class. Ambition and self-improvement take three forms in Great Expectations—moral, social, and educational; t hese motivate Pip’s best and his worst behavior throughout the novel. Social Class The theme of social class is central to the novel’s plot and to the ultimate moral theme of the book—Pip’s realization that wealth and class are less important than affection, loyalty, and inner worth.
Brainstorming Pip: the character and narrator ; Joe and Mrs. Joe Miss Havisham and her foster child Estella(daughter of Magwitch) Orlick: evil person Magwitch: the convict Herbert Pocket : pip’s friend Jagger: lawyer Wemmick: pip’s friend and the law clerk of Jagger compeyson:who jilted Miss Havisham and the former partner Biddy: plain girl who married Joe after he lost his wife.Bentley Drummle: an upper-class lout, Estella’s husband
英国文学史
英国文学史: ?Old and Medieval English Liteature(449-1485) : 1.William Langland威廉·兰格伦 : Piers the Plowman耕者皮尔斯 2.Geoffrey Chaucer杰佛利?乔叟 The Canterbury Tales: 《坎特伯雷故事集》----英国文学史上现实主义第一部杰作 ?The Renaissance Period (1485-1660) : Literary Genres : ?Prose :Thomas More (Utopia), Francis Bacon ?Poetry : Philip Sidney, Edmund Spenser (The Faerie Queene) ?Drama : William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe, ?The 17th Century (1660-1700) : John Milton约翰?弥尔顿: Paradise Lost失乐园; Paradise Regained 复乐园; Samson Agonistes 力士参孙 John Bunyan班扬: The Pilgrim’s Progress天路历程 John Donne : The founder of the Metaphysical school of poetry John Dryden: All for Love ?The 18th Century (1700-1798) : Joseph Addison艾迪生Cato 加图 Daniel Defoe丹尼尔?笛福 Henry Fielding亨利?菲尔丁 Jonathan Swift斯威夫特 Alexander Pope蒲柏-poet ?Pre-Romantic Period: William Blake布莱克: Songs of Innocence天真之歌; Songs of Experience经验之歌Robert Burns彭斯: A Red,Red Rose一朵红红的玫瑰; Auld Lang Syne 友谊地久天长 ?The Romantic Movement (1798-1832) : William Wordsworth—poet George Gordon, Lord Byron—poet Percy Bysshe Shelly—poet John Keats—poet Walter Scott—novelist Jane Austen—novelist William Wordsworth威廉?华兹华斯: Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集 Lucy Poems露西组诗 I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud The Solitary Reaper孤寂的刈麦人 George Gordon Byron乔治?拜伦:
英国文学史
1.Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, its essence is _______. A. science B. philosophy C. arts D. Humanism 2.Gothic novels are mostly stories of__,which take place in some haunted or dilapidat ed Middle Age castles. A. love and marriage B. sea adventures C. mystery and horror D. saints and martyrs 3. Charles Dickens’ works are characterized by a mingling of _______ and pathos. A. humor B. satire C. passion D. metaphor 4. The Houyhnhnms depicted by Jonathan Swift in Gulliver’s Travels are _____. A. horses that are endowed with reason B. pigmies that are endowed with admirable qualities C. giants that are superior in wisdom D. hairy, wild, low and despicable creatures, who resemble human beings not only in appearance but also in some other ways 5. Which of the following is taken from John Keats’“Ode on a Grecian Urn”? A. “I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!” B. “They are both gone up to the church to pray.” C. “Earth has not anything to show more fair.” D. “Beauty is truth, truth beauty.” 6. "Shall I compare thee to a summer's?" The sentence is the beginning of Shakespeare’s____. A. comedy B. tragedy C. sonnet D. poem 7.Daniel Defoe's novels mainly focus on ____. A. the struggle of the unfortunate for mere existence B. the struggle of the shipwrecked persons for security C. the struggle of the pirates for wealth D. the desire of the criminals for property 8.Francis Bacon is best known for his which greatly influenced the development of this literary form. A. essays B. poems C. works D plays 9. Most of Thomas Hardy's novels are set in Wessex ____. A. a crude region in England B. a fictional primitive region C. a remote rural area D. Hardy's hometown 10. In terms of Pride and Prejudice, which is not true ? A. Pride and Prejudice is the most popular of Jane Austen’s novels. B. Pride and Prejudice is originally drafted as “ First Impressions”. C. Pride and Prejudice is a tragic novel. D. In this novel, the author explores the relationship between great love and realistic benefits. 11. Chronologically the Victorian period refers to ____. A. 1798-1832 B. 1836-1901 C. 1798-1901 D. the Neoclassical Period 12. In the following figures, who is Dickens’s first child hero? A. Fagin B. Mr. Brownlow C. Olive Twist D. Bill Sikes
英国文学史复习资料
V The Romantic Period The romantic period began in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s
英国文学史复习大纲
History and anthology of English literature: (altogether 7 topics, this semester 6 topics; 5th---1900, over 1400 years) ?The Old English and Middle English period (Chapter 1, 2) ?The Elizabethan age (Chapters 3, 4) ?The 17th century (Chapter 5) ?The classic 18th century (Chapters 6,7,8) ?The Romantic period (Chapters 9, 10) ?The Victorian age (Chapters 11-18) ?The 20th century (Chapters 19-26) ?The Old English and Middle English period (5th ---1066, 1066---1557) 1 the Old English period Beowulf： *pagan heroism异教徒的英雄主义and fatalism宿命论are mingled with Christian qualities. *The poets hope that the evil should be punished, and the righteous will be rewarded. *It’s a heroic Scandinavian epic legend told in the English language. literary terms: epic, alliteration 2 the Middle English period literary term: romance Geoffrey Chaucer: The Canterbury Tales Chaucer chose the metrical form which laid the foundation of the English tonico-syllabic verse.乔叟第一次在英国用韵脚韵律诗形式来创作诗歌，开创了英国文学以重音-音节为基础的格律诗先河。首创heroic couplet英雄双行体 ?The Elizabethan age (1558---1625) --- a golden age of poetry and drama ---the age of English Renaissance 1 Poetry: *Philip Sidney/ 《爱星者和星星》，表达了他初恋时的激情以及如何经过斗争，克制自己，献身于公职。 it was after Sidney’s Astrophel and Stella that the sonnet sequence十四行诗系列became popular in England. It inspired other Elizabethan poets, including Shakespeare, to write similar sequences. *Edmund Spense r: The Faerie Queen Using Spenserian Stanza = abab bcbc c /allegory 讽喻*Shakespeare:154 sonnets, Sonnet 18 Literary term: sonnet: a lyric poem containing fourteen lines written in iambic pentameter lyric: iambic pentameter
English Literature of the Victorian Age
English Literature of the Victorian Age (1832---1901) 维多利亚时代是英国法战士上迅猛上升的时期。大英帝国的经济实力空前强大，势力范围迅速扩张。从殖民地掠夺的财富源源不断的流入英国，这似乎是现实世界理所当然的一部分，也许是许多维多利亚文学作品的背景。从《简·爱》(Jane Eyre,1847)中女主人公意外地继承叔叔在马地拉给她流下的两万磅的遗产，到《远大前程》(Great Expectations,1861)中失意后的匹普去埃及经营茶叶，到《名利场》(Vanity Fair,1848)中的利蓓卡第一次施展身手就勾引从印度回国的财主乔瑟夫，人们不难看出，当时去殖民地捞钱是本国人民公认有效的“生财之道”。总之，这是一个充满了机会的时代，是一个能让人梦想“远大前程”的自信的年代。有的评论家，如斯坦纳(Steiner)，认为维多利亚的黄金时代像伊甸园，20世纪初的某些评论家则认为它像地狱。一般来说，为研究方便。维多利亚时期被文史家们分为三个阶段：维多利亚早期（1832~1848）、维多利亚中期（1848~1870）和维多利亚晚期（1970~1891）。维多利亚早期也常被称为“多事之秋”(A Time of Troubles)。经济上的繁荣并不能阻止阶级矛盾的产生。就在新兴资产阶级奇迹般地暴富起来时，劳动者却不得不在残酷的压迫下过着穷困的生活。这一时期反抗压迫、争取民主选举权的运动蓬勃发展，在“宪章派”诗人的作品中得到忠实反映，最有代表性的有欧内斯特·琼斯(Ernest Jones,1819~1869)的《民主之歌》(The Songs of Democracy)。散文家托马斯·卡莱尔( Thomas Carlyle,1795~1881)的《法国大革命》(The French Revolution,1837)和《过去与现在》(Past and Present,1843)，小说家伊丽莎白·盖斯凯尔(Elizabeth Gaskell,1810~1865)的《南方与北方》(North and South,1855)都在一定程度上揭示了金钱拜物教和市侩主义对人类道德的腐蚀，而狄更斯(Charles Dickens,1812~1870)在他早期的小说中更是不遗余力地反映了英国私有制社会的阴暗面。 维多利亚中期正好处于相对稳定的五六十年代，科学技术飞速发展，天文、地理和生物学等学科的新成果大大扩展了人类的眼界。这一时期被称为“经济繁荣和宗教分歧的时期（Economic Prosperity and Religious Controversy）”。达尔文的《物种起源》(The Origin of Species)提出的进化论打破了上帝造物的唯心史观，给传统信仰以猛烈的冲击，人们不得不重新认识自己并再次定位；英国国教的势力衰减，新教派林立，福音派吸引了大批小生产者，知识界的所谓“牛津运动”(The Oxford Movement)或“高教派”(High Church)也激烈展开，引起了强烈的反响甚至天主教势力的抬头。尽管勤奋和富有责任感仍为这一时期的主要价值取向，但全社会都在经历着一场信仰危机。许多文人学者对英国状况深感忧虑。狄更斯等一大批作家继续对维多利亚社会的弊端进行批判。最激烈的一位莫过于约翰·罗斯金(John Ruskin,1819~1900)，他的《威尼斯之石》(The Stones of Venice,1851~1853)预言了维多利亚工商业文明的毁灭，在《直到最后》(Unto the Last,1862)中对自由竟争的经济法则进行了无情攻击。较为客观的要数安索内·特罗洛普(Anthony Trollope,1815~1882)的小说。教育家马修·阿诺德(Mathew Arnold,1822~1888)在他的著名论著《文化与无政府》(Culture and Anarchy,1869)中，反对对物质的迷信，提倡文化和精神价值。他对英国社会状况的反思代表了一代有识之士面对新现实的焦虑和危机感。尽管这个时期存在许多问题，但它仍然是一个繁荣时期。因为它不仅创造了惊人的物质财富，同时也是各种文学样式，尤其是长篇小说发展的黄金时代。 维多利亚后期是大英帝国经理了由盛到衰过程的时期（Decay of Victorian Values）。一方面英国的霸主地位在受到美国和德国挑战的同时，英国加紧对殖民地的掠夺；另一方面，资本输出和海外扩张造成国内工农业的萧条和萎缩。70年代末80年代初的经济进一步加剧了贫富分化，而且维多利亚王朝推崇的社会道德规范和价值观念纷纷瓦解，到90年代几乎彻底崩溃。历史学家杨格曾概括说：“当我们注视80年代在新思潮和和旧观念” 旋涡中挣扎，试图寻找一个立足点的时候，我们就产生了茫然、不协调和无所适从的感觉。这种感觉不仅影响着人们的行为，也反映在当时的文学作品里。继斯威夫特之后最重要的讽刺家萨谬尔·巴特勒（Samuel Butlee,1835---1902）在死后发表的自传性小说《众生之道》（The Way of All Flesh）中尖锐讽刺了维多利亚式家庭生活，特别是那个自以为是的暴君似的父亲。如果说巴特勒的公开叛逆还不够成熟，那就留待唯美主义理论家和创始人瓦尔特佩特（Walter Pater,1839---1894）和他的追随者们解决了。他们宣布父辈们的追求都是无意义的，“我们的问题没有答案，我们唯一可做的就是尽情享受美和短暂的时光。”90年代的艺术家们非常清醒地知道自己生活在一个伟大世纪的尽头，常常做出一副“世纪末”姿态。这一时期的诗歌和散文中表现出一种故做消沉、带者倦容的矫揉造作和对新的表现形式的追求，以吊起读者读腻了的胃口。乔治·摩尔（George Moore,1852---1933）和麦克斯·比尔博姆（Max Beerbohm,1872---1956）的散文以及恩斯特·道森的诗歌都反映出这些特点《大卫科波菲尔》(David
英国文学史术语
5 English Literature in the Romantic Period Ⅱ. Define the following terms. 1. Romanticism 2. Ode 3. Byronic hero 4. Ottava rima 5. Terza rima 6. Irony 7. Lyric 8. Motif 9. Theme 10. Symbol 11. Imagery 12. Foil 13. Synaesthesia 14. Character 15. Flat character 16. Round character 17. Negative capacity 6 English Literature in the 19th Century Ⅱ. Define the following terms. 1. English critical realism 2. Victorian period 3. Autobiography 4 .Regional novel 5. Dramatic monologue 6. Dramatization 7. Disinterestedness 8. Idyll 9. Psychological novel 10. The Pre-Raphaelites 11. Künstlerroman 12. Aestheticism 13. Naturalism 7 English Literature in the 20th Century Ⅱ. Define the following terms. 1. Modernism 2. Epiphany 3. Interior monologue 4. Fragmentation 5. Non-linear, discontinuous narratives 6. Allusive language 7. Feminist criticism 8. Reader-response criticism 9. Epigraph 10. Epilogue 11. Post-modernism 12. Post-structuralism 13. Theatre of the absurd 14. Kitchen sink drama 15. Meta-fiction
英国文学史
英国文学史 1，Shakespeare：剧作家Hamlet，ophelia drowns in water; 4 tragedies: King Lear, Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Othello, the merchant of venice(heroine potia)，sonnets 2，Bunyan John：the pilgrim`s progress: most successful religious allegory. 3，Edmund Spender：诗人之诗人masterpiece。。the faerie queen（仙后）,Spenserian atanza:5步抑扬格6步抑扬格 4，Marlowe Christopher: 剧作家Dr. Faustus, play, selling his soul for knowledge，german legend，the tragical history ofdoctor Faustus， 5，Geoffrey Chaucer: 坎特伯雷故事集（wife of bath，pardoner, miller），英雄双韵体，realistic picture, English society, gallery of vivid characters，troilus and Criseyde, the middle class, the holy order 6，Thomas Hardy: novel set in Wessex, a fictional primitive region, D` Urbervilles(angel and alec dead) ,jude the obscure(无名的裘德最后一部) 7，George Bernard Shaw: best known dramatist since Shakerspear，mrs.Waren profession(早期的文明作品), heartbreak house
英国文学史victorian
问题 1 Which of the following is about the discussion of Tennyson’s aesthetic view of art and artistic creation. 所选答案： C. The Lady of Shalott 正确答案： C. The Lady of Shalott 反馈：The Lady of Shalott 问题2 In what region of England was Emily Bronte raised? 所选答案： A. Yorkshire 正确答案： A. Yorkshire 反馈：Yorkshire 问题3 The Victorian drama scene, did not quite regain its value until George Bernard Shaw came on the scene. ________is among one of his most popular early works, the first of its kind to present a prostitue as its major character. 所选答案：Mrs. Warren’s Profession 正确答案：Mrs. Warren’s Profession 反馈：Mrs. Warren’s Profession 问题4 Which one is NOT William Makepeace Thackeray’s works? 所选答案： A. Sylvia’s Lover 正确答案： A. Sylvia’s Lover 反馈：Sylvia’s Lover 问题5 “History of the French Revolution” is written by. 所选答案： D. Thomas Carlyle
英国文学史笔记3
Chapter 7 English Literature of the Victorian Age I.Introduction 1. Historical Background （1）An age of expansion （2）The conditions of the workers and the chartist movement （3）Reforms （4）Darwin's theory of evolution and its influence （5）The women question 2. Literary Overview: critical realism. In Victorian period appeared a new literary trend called critical realism. English critical realism of the 19th century flourished in the 40s and in the early 50s. It found its expression in the form of novel. The critical realists, most of whom were novelists, described with much vividness and artistic skill the chief traits of the English society and criticized the capitalist system from a democratic viewpoint. II.Novels of Critical Realists. 1. Charles Dickens. （1）Life: a. clerk family; b. a miserable childhood; c. a clerk, a reporter, a writer; d. a man of hard work. （2）works of three periods. a. optimize b. frustration c. pessimism （3）Features of his works. a.character sketches and exaggeration
英国文学史知识点
一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066) 1、这个时期的文学作品分类：pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒) 2、代表作：The Song of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》( national epic 民族史诗) 采用了隐喻手法 3、Alliteration 押头韵（写作手法） 例子：of man was the mildest and most beloved, To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise. 二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350) Canto 诗章 1、romance 传奇文学 2、代表作：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵士和绿衣骑士) 是一首押头韵的长诗 三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里.乔叟时期 1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父 2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格) 3、代表作：the Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事(英国文学史的开端) 大致内容：the pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups. 朝圣者都是来自英国的各地的人,代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体 小说特点：each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character. 这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事，无形中表明了各自的观点，展示了各自的性格。 小说观点：he believes in the right of man to earthly happiness. He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions(迷信) and a blind belief in fate(盲目地相信命运). 他希望人们能从迷信和对命运的盲从中解脱出来。 4、Popular Ballads 大众民谣：a story hold in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed(笔记) Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission(书上). 歌谣是匿名叙事歌曲,一直保存着口头传播的方式
英国文学史及选读PartVI-The Victorian Period(with answers)
I.Multiple Choice 1.The success of Jane Eyre is not only because of its sharp criticism of the existing society, but also due to its introduction to the English novel the first _________ heroine. A. explorer B. peasant C. worker D. governess(女家庭教师) 2.Charles Dickens‘ works are characterized by a mingling of __________ and pathos. A. humor B. satire C. passion D. metaphor 3.The Victorian Age was largely an age of_________ eminently represented by Dickens and Thackeray. A. poetry B. drama C. novel D. prose 4.“Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain and little, I am soulless and heartless? …And if God had gifted me with some beauty, and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you.” The above passage is taken from _____________. A. Great Expectations B. Wuthering Heights C. Jane Eyre D. Pride and Prejudice 5. _________ is the greatest representative of English critical realism. A. Jane Austen B. Thackeray C. Dickens D. Charlotte 6. Pride and Prejudice’s first title is ____. A. First Impression B. A Book Without a Hero C. The Newcomes D. Persuasion 7. Vanity Fair has a sub-title. It is ____. A. First Impression B. A Novel Without a Hero C. The Newcomes D. Persuasion 8.In the 19th century English literature, a new literary trend ____ appeared. And it flourished in the forties and in the early fifties. A. romanticism B. naturalism C. realism D. critical realism 9.English critical realism found its expression chiefly in the form of ____ . A. novel B. drama C. poetry D. sonnet 10.______’s Vanity Fair is a satirical portrayal of the upper strata(阶层) of society. A. George Eliot B. Elizabeth Gaskell C. W. M. Thackeray D. John Buyan 11.The ____ Movement appeared in the thirties of the 19th century. A. Enlightenment B. Renaissance C. Chartist D. Romanticist 12.The Chartist writers introduced a new theme into literature, the struggle of the _____ for its rights. A. soldiers B. peasants C. bourgeoisie D. proletariat 10. The story of ______ deals with the adventures of a retired old merchant. A. A Tale of Two Cities B. David Copperfield C. Pickwick Papers D. Oliver Twist 13. The story of _____ deals with the sufferings and hardships of an old man named Trent, and his granddaughter, Nell. A. Pickwick Papers B. The Old Curiosity Shop C. Great Expectations D. Hard Times
英国文学史总结
Beowulf the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons The Ballad:Aballed is a story told in https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9011661235.html,ually in 4-line stanzas,with the second and fourth lines rhymed.They mainly the literature of peasants,and in them one is able to understand the outlook of the English common people in feudal society. Heroic couplet: a verse unit consisting of two rhymed lines in iambic pentameter Romance:the most prevailing kind of literature in feudal England was the romance.the theme of loyalty to king and lord was repeatedly emphasized in romance. Romance was a type of literature that was very popular in the Middle Ages. (1): the matter of France: the exploits of Charlemagne the great and Roland, Chanson de Roland (2):the matter of Rome: Alexander the great and the Great and the siege of troy. (3):the matter of British: the Arthurian legend: Sir Gawain ,Launcelot, Merlin , the death of King Arthur. Geoffrey Chaucer the founder of English poetry His career can be divided into several periods 1. French 1360-1370 translate French poetry 2. Italian 1372-1386 3. English The Canterbury tales The Canterbury Tales Chivalrous values:Honor,loyalty,chastity ?Structural device: a pilgrimage to Canterbury, which enables him to show people from all walks of life, a cross-section of the society ?Uniqueness: a fascinating accord between the narrators and the tales, the characters grow and are revealed by the stores (in the works of the writers before him, the relationship between the story tellers and the tales they tell is haphazard) Elizabethan age Renaissance Humanism:admire human beauty and human achievement Sonnet Blank verse Spenserian stanza The Renaissance, which means “rebirth” or “revival’, is actually an intellectual movement with a thirsting curiosity for classical literature and the keen interest in the activities of humanity.It aims to get rid of conservation in feudalist Europe and introducing new ideas that express the interests of the rising bourgeoisie. During the Renaissance, Thomas Wyatt was the first one to introduce the sonnet into English poetry. Wiliam Shakespeare ?Hamlet ?The merchant of venice ?Sonnet 18 ?The sonnet form: A sonnet is a fourteen-line lyric poem, traditionally written in iambic pentameter .A sonnet generally expresses a single theme or idea. ?Type:
- 英国文学史victorian
- 英国文学史总结
- 英国文学史简介
- 英国文学史维多利亚时期文学背景及特点
- 英国文学史术语
- 英国文学史复习大纲
- 英国文学史知识点
- 英国文学史维多利亚时期文学背景及特点课堂
- 英国文学史维多利亚时期文学背景及特点 ppt课件
- 英国文学史概述
- 英国文学史课程大纲(最新)
- 英国文学史
- 英国文学史作家及对应作品 图表
- Chapter9 The Victorian Age 英国文学 维多利亚时期
- 英国文学史维多利亚时期文学背景及特点
- 英国文学史
- 英国文学史复习资料
- 英国文学史 The Victorian Period (1)
- 英国文学史复习大纲
- 英国文学史及选读PartVI-The Victorian Period(with answers)