虚拟语气

虚拟语气

在英文句子中，谓语动词的语气是用来表示说话人对所讲内容的态度、看法以及心情等。英文句子中谓语动词的语气有三种：

A）直陈语气（The Indicative Mood）直陈语气用于直截了当地陈述事实、描述状态：He has published quite a number of essays this year .

他今年已发表了好几篇论文。

B) 祈使语气（The Imperative Mood）祈使语气用于提出请求、命令、建议或是劝告等：

1) Wait outside until you are asked. 请在外面等候，请你进再进去。

2) Let's just take a break, shall we? 我们休息一会儿，好吗？

C)虚拟语气（The Subjunctive Mood）

虚拟语气用于表示主观愿望和假设的虚拟情况。虚拟语气不太顾及事实的存在，它表现出说话人的主观因素比较多。所以说话人所讲的内容往往是与事实相反的；或是其实现的可能性微乎其微，甚至于没有实现的可能性。当然，有时为了使说话的语气客气、缓和、委婉，也使用虚拟语气例如：

1) I wish you were more careful .但愿你更细心一些。

2) If I had more money, I would buy a bigger apartment.

我要是有再多一点钱，我就买一套更大一些房子。

3) Would you mind shutting the door? 劳驾您把门关上。

虚拟语气是英语语法中的难点。考生应主要掌握虚拟语气在下列情况下的用法：

①虚拟语气在虚拟条件句中的用法；

②在宾语从句中的用法；

③在壮语从句中的用法；

④及主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句中的用法；

⑤在一些特殊句型中的用法等。

用于非真实条件句中的虚拟语气几种情况。

条件句分为两种：真实条件句和非真实条件句。

①与现在事实相违背

1) If I had time, I would certainly join you in the tennis match.

（事实是：我没有时间）我要是有时间肯定和你一起打这场网球比赛。

2) If I were you, I would put her suggestion into account.

（事实是：我并不是你）我要是你，我会考虑她的建议的。

②与过去事实相违背

1) If I hadn't been caught by something, I would have come to your party yesterday.

(事实是：我昨天被某些事缠住了)

我昨天要不是被些事缠住了，我就会去参加你们的聚会了。

2) If he had taken my advice, he might not have made such a bad mistake.

（事实是：他没有听我的建议）

要是他听进了我的劝告就不会犯这么严重的错误了。

③与未来事实相违背

1) If I should have a chance to try it, I would do it in another way.

（假设的情况不大可能发生）

要是我有机会试一试，我会用另一种方法做的。

2) Even if they were to fail, they wouldn't lose courage.

（说话人不希望假设的情况发生）

即使他们万一失败，他们也不会泄气。

需要注意以下几点：

1. 省略If的几种情况, 当条件状语从句的谓语部分含有had、should、或were时，就将这样的词had、should、或were搬到句首把句子写成倒装句而将连词if省略。例如：

1) If you were the manager here, what would you do?

=Were you the manager here, what would you do?

你若是这里的经理，你会怎么办？

2) If he should act like that again, he would be fired immediately.

=Should he act like that again, he would be fired immediately.

要是他再那样做，他会被立即解雇的。

3) If we had time to spare, we would be glad to go to the park.

=Had we time to spare，we would be glad to go to the park.

如果能抽出时间，我们很乐意逛公园。

4) If it were not for the discovery of electricity, the modern world would experience great

inconvenience.

=Were it not for the discovery of electricity，the modern world would experience great inconvenience.

假如没有发现电，现代世界将很不方便。

2．含蓄条件句

有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来替代条件句.

(1) 用介词短语替代条件句。常用介词有with, without, but for等

如：1) We couldn't have succeeded without your help (=if we hadn't got your help).

2) But for the rain(=If it hadn't been for the rain)，we would have finished the work.

3) Without air, there would be no life on the earth.

要是没有空气，地球上就不会有生命了。

4) But for your help, the little boy would have been drowned.

要是没有你们的帮助，那个小男孩早就淹死了。

5) We could have done the work better in that case.

要是那样的话，我们本可以把工作干得更好一些的。

(2) 用一个副词或连词but / otherwise / or等表示虚拟条件和真实情况交织在一句中如：1) He telephoned to inform me of your birthday，or (=If he hadn't telephoned to inform me of

your birthday)I would have known nothing about it.

2) There might have been a terrible accident, but he braked the car before it was too late.

= if he hadn’t braked the car before it was too late.

3) He would have come to see you earlier but he just came back from his business trip .（本句中的上下文是：but he just came back from his business trip，表示：要是他在家没出差的话）他本来早就来看你了，可他却出差刚刚回来。

4) But that you helped me, I would have failed in the experiment.

（本句中的上下文是：But that you helped me，表示：要不是有你帮助我）要没有你帮助我，我的试验本做不成功的。

(3) be动词在表示与现在事实相反的从句中一般用were。在非正式情况下，第一、第三人

称后偶尔也用was

如：If he were you，he would go at once.

(4) 主句中的should通常用于第一人称，would，could以及might可以用于各种人称

(5) 在表示与将来事实相反的条件句中，只能用should，而不能用would，could和might 等

如：If it should rain tomorrow，we would not go camping.

(should rain也可以用rained，were to rain代替)

(6) 错综时间非真实条件句中的虚拟语气

在错综条件句子中，虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致，因此，主句和从句的谓语动词应根据所指的时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。例如：

1）If I were you，I wouldn't have missed the film last night.

如果我是你，我就不会错过昨天晚上的那部电影。

（从句与现在事实相反，主句与过去事实相反。）

2）If he had followed the doctor's advice，he would recover already.

如果他遵照医生的劝告，现在病就好了。

（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）

3) If the boy hadn't been saved this afternoon, his family would not be in peace now.

如果那个男孩今天下午没有被救，他的家现在就不会如此安宁。

4) If the machine were in good conditions, we would have used it in our last experiment.

要是这台机器情况良好，我们上次就将它用于试验了。

5) If you were to visit Hainan in two days, I could arrange for some of my friends there to meet you at the airport.

假如你过两天去海南，我现在就可以安排我在那儿的朋友去机场接你。

★★当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为"错综时间条件句"动词的形式要分别根据它所表示的不同时间作相应的调整。

Implied condition

1) but for, without, under, with etc.

But for electricity, there would be no modern industry.

Without your help, we could not have succeeded.

Under such circumstances I would probably have done the same.

2) otherwise, but, or

I ran all the way to school, otherwise I would have been late.

He felt very tired yesterday, or he would have helped you.

3) but that (要不是)

But that he was short of money at the time, he would have come to help us.

4) -ing phrases and to-infinitive

You would have laughed to see him jump aside.

This same thing, happening in wartime, would amount to disaster.

5）If it were (had been) not for …要不是……

If it were not for peace, we could not be living a happy life today.

If it had not been for your advice, I would not have accepted the job.

Be-Subjunctive Mood: demand, suggestion, and command, etc.

1. 用在宾语从句中：be/ should do

He insisted that Kate (should) do the job.

We suggested that the meeting (should) not be postponed.

Verbs：ask、advise、determine、decide、command、insist、propose、move、prefer、urge、order、recommend、request、require、demand、suggest、desire、intend

Exe: She asked that she ___ allowed to see her son in police custody.

A. would be

B. could be

C. be

D. was

2. 用在主语从句中

It is necessary that you (should) be present at the discussion.

It is essential that you (should) win the voters’ hearts.

Adj.：essential、necessary、important、advisable、appropriate、desirable、fitting、imperative （紧急的）、impossible、necessary、proper、urgent、insistent、strange

ed- participle：desired、demanded、ordered、requested、suggested、recommended、required，etc.

Exe: It is imperative that students hand in their terms papers on time.

3. 用在同位语从句或表语从句中

1) The suggestion that he be invited was rejected.

2) Their demand is that their wages be increased by 20%.

Nouns：advice、command、demand、desire、order、decision、decree（法令、判决）instruction、requirement、resolution（决定）、suggestion、recommendation、necessity、request、proposal，etc.

3) He left orders that nothing be touched until the police arrived here.

这一用法中，be-型虚拟式可与“should+不定式”交替使用，也可与“to-不定式”交替使用。

4) He ordered that the books be sent at once.

=He ordered that the books should be sent at once.

=He ordered that the books to be sent at once.

Were-Subjunctive Mood

were-型虚拟语气常用于wish, would rather, suppose, imagine之后的分句中，表示一种臆想的（通常不可能发生的）情况。

I wish it were spring all the year round.

I’d rather I were not at the site of the accident.

Just imagine everyone were to give up smoking.

?上述were-型虚拟式在第一、第三人称单数主语之后可为was所取代。

If it was to rain, the game would be put off.

If only I was not so nervous.

?但在if I were you这一分句中，通常用were，而不用was。另外倒装句中也只能用were。If I were you, I should wait till next week.

Were I to do it (=If I were to do it), I should rely on you.

?在as it were（作so to speak解，即“宛如”、“好比”之意）结构中，也只用were，不用was。He is my best friend, my second self, as it were.

用动词的过去式表示假设意义

1. Subjunctive mood: It is (high/about) time that …

1) It is time we had dinner.

2) You’ve been working hard. It’s time you took a rest.

3) It is high time we left this place.

2. I would rather/ sooner (that) you / he / they …

1) I’m told they are going by bus, but I would rather they went by train.

2) He didn’t attend the meeting. I would rather he had been present.

3. If only …

1) If only the weather were finer!

2) If only you hadn’t offended him!

4. as if /though

1) She always talks to me as if she were my sister.

2) He walks slowly as if he had hurt his leg.

3) She looks as if she would cry.

在某些语境中，如果不表示假设意义，就不必用过去式。

1) It looks as if it is going to rain.

2) The fish smells as if it has gone bad.

5. Subjunctive mood in wish-clauses

1）wish (that) +s + v-ed (were)

I wish I were as young as you.

2）wish (that) +s + had done

I wish that I had not met him yesterday.

3）wish that +s + would/ could/might do

Isn’t it your wish that you c ould buy a car like that?

I wish和I hope都表示“希望”。但I hope并不表示假设意义，随后的动词形式除表示婉转口气外很少用过去形式。

I hope you’re coming to our party.

We hope you will be very happy.

虚拟语气详解

虚拟语气详解 虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望（往往与客观事实相反），或是表示假象和猜测。虚拟语气无论从形式上还是时态上都比较复杂，需要归类记忆。 虚拟语气大体分为三类：(1) be型虚拟(2) were型虚拟(3) if 条件句及主句虚拟下面会详细说每种虚拟形式的特征和规律，考试时先判断属于哪种虚拟类型，剩下的皆是套路~ （1）be型虚拟（基本是套路） 形式：should + 动词原形，should可以省略 用法：1）表示“命令、建议、要求”等意义词语之后的宾语从句用be型虚拟，常见的词如下: demand, desire, insist, order, ask, command, propose, recommend, suggest, prefer, require, request等 最常见的形式是这类动词后面接着一个宾语从句，则宾语从句的谓语部分要用（should）+ 动词原形来虚拟 例: We demand that the meeting（should）be postponed. The manager suggested that we (should) work together. 注意：有时候你所见到不一定是上述动词引导的宾语从句，而是由上述词变体后所引导主语从句(it做形式主语，如：it is advised/ suggested/ requested/ ordered/ proposed that…)、表语从句或同位语从句 例如：It is required that the students (should) learn a foreign language. (主语从句) The requirement is that all the equipment in the meeting room (should) be checked twice before. (表语从句) We didn’t stand for his proposal that the meeting (should)be postponed. (同位语从句) 只要看到句中有上述动词或其变体，不管词性怎么变、句型怎么变，都用be型虚拟！ 特例：suggest和insist这两个比较特殊，当suggest作“暗示、表明、说明”讲，insist 作“坚持说”讲，后面一般跟的是客观事实，不需要虚拟~这是一个比较重要的考点，体会下面两组句子： We all suggest that a lab (should) be built. 我们都建议建一个实验室。 Her expression suggests that she is angry. 她的表情说明她生气了。 She insisted that we should find the source of the river. 她坚持主张我们应该找到河的源头。 She insisted that she had done nothing wrong. 她坚持说自己没做错事。 suggest 的区别很明显，但insist有点难辨别，一般来说如果insist后面跟的是某种主张，或是坚持要做一件事，那么用虚拟。 2）表示主观看法，常表示“某事是必要的、重要的。。。怎么怎么样的”，尤其是在“ it is +名词/形容词+ that从句”结构中，常见的形容词包括：advisable, desirable, essential, imperative, important, necessary, obligatory, proper, dispensable, impossible, natural, surprising等 例如：It is advisable that you (should) leave now. It is necessary that teenagers (should) take part in outside activities. It is of great importance that smoking (should) be banned in public area.

Wish and if only 引导的虚拟语气区别

if only强调所希望的状态并不存在，而wish则表示某事有可能发生。 一、wish用法说明 动词wish后接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气。 要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时（be 动词一律用were）；表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或 would/could+had +过去分词； 表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，从句谓语用 would/could/should/might＋动词原形。 I wish I were not so busy.但愿我不那样忙碌。 I wish I were [was] better looking.要是我长得漂亮些就好了。 She wished she had stayed at home.她后悔的是她当时要是留在家里就好了。 I wish you would go with us tomorrow.要是你明天同我们一起去就好了。 I wish you wouldn’t look down on this kind of work.我希望你不要看不起这种工作。 This watch has gone wrong. I wish I had bought a better make.这只表坏了，我真愿意我买的是好一点的牌子。 I wish you wouldn’t smoke any more.我希望你不再抽烟了。 I wish you would be more respectful to your father.我希望你对你父亲更尊敬些。 I wish I could be of some use.我希望我能有什么用处。 二、if only 1.在if only这个短语中，only只是加强if的语气的，不仅能表达说话人的愿望，而且能表达条件。

虚拟语气详解(自用版)

虚拟语气详解（自用版） 虚拟语气是一项语法难点，为了让学员们便于理解与记忆，我们把虚拟语气分成三大块来讨论： 1．名词从句中的虚拟语气标志词+should+动词原形 2．条件从句中的虚拟语气①三种基本态②倒装虚拟句③混时虚拟句④含蓄虚拟句⑤跳层虚拟句 3．其它情形中的虚拟语气（wish/would rather/It’s high time…/If only…/lest） 一．三种基本形态（1） 表虚拟的时间if从句谓语形式主句谓语形式 现在：did / were would (should, might, could)+do 过去：had done/ had been would (should/might/could)+have done(been) 将来：were to/ should+do would (should, might, could)+do 三种基本形态（2）（这是基础，建议牢记下面的例句，争取能脱口而出） 与现在事实相反：If I had enough money, I would buy a book. 与过去事实相反：If I had had enough money, I would have bought a book. 与将来事实相反：If I were to have enough money, I would buy a book. If I should have enough money, I would buy a book. 二、倒装虚拟句（只能与过去/将来事实相反，省去if，只有三种倒装形式） Had I had enough money, I would have bought a book. Were I to have enough money, I would buy a book. Should I have enough money, I would buy a book. 三、混合时间虚拟语气（主要是抓住时间状语） (对过去事实虚拟+对现在事实虚拟) If I had studied English at school, I could read the English novel now. (对现在事实虚拟+对过去事实虚拟) If she were not so careless, she wouldn’t have made such a mistake. 四、含蓄虚拟句（在四级考试中目前还未出现此考点，但在阅读中常见） 3. 虚拟语气用在主语从句中。在句型“It is important (necessar y, strange, natural等) that...” 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用(should) + 动词原形。 It's necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们现在有必要出去散散步。 What would I have done without you? But for their help, I would not have finished the task. But that the doctor arrived on time that day, they would have been dead.

(完整word版)虚拟语气及答案

虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气.判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反 I: 最基本的虚拟语气句型: 1. 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过 去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形。 If places were a like, there would be little need for geographers. 如果各个地方都一样，就不需要地理学家了。 2. 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时 即had＋过去分词，主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词。 If he had known your address yesterday, he would have telephoned you. 3. 虚拟将来时是表示对将来实现的可能性很小的或不确定的假设。If从句的谓 语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形，主句用would / should /could/ might +动词原形。 If he were to leave today, he would get there by Friday 4. 省略if 采用倒装语序的条件句。 有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而将had , should, were 等词 提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。 Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exams. Were he to leave today, he would get there by Friday. Were I in your place, I wouldn't do that 5. 有时虚拟条件句并没来if 从句表示出来，而是用介词短语(otherwise, or, without, but for)、上下文或其它方式来表示。 We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. Without you help, I wouldn't have achieved so much. But for your help, I would not have succeeded. II: 虚拟语气在从句中用should的情况: 1. 在建议,要求,命令,想法后的动词后的从句里, 用should + 动词原形, should 可以省略. 如advise, agree, command, decide, demand, determine, grant, indicate, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, require, stipulate, suggest, urge, vote. 常考到的是: suggest, advise, demand, require, propose, insist, order, request. His doctor suggested that he (should) take short leave of absence. The author proposed that TV (should) be turned off at least one hour every day. 2. 在建议,要求,命令,想法后的名词后的从句里, 用should + 动词原形, should可以省略. 如advice, agreement, command, decision, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation etc. It was Bill's suggestion that everyone (should) have a map.

虚拟语气用法详解 (1)

虚拟语气用法详解 一、条件句中的虚拟语气 1.条件句中虚拟语气的形式 条件句有真实条件句和非真实(虚拟)条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的，而非真实条件句则通常表示一种假想，与事实相反或不大可能会发生：If I have time, I will go with them. 假若我有时间，我就同他们去。(陈述语气) If I were you, I would go with them. 假若我是你，我就同他们去。(虚拟语气) 非真实条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。 注：几点特别说明 ①主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称后。would, might, could的大致区别是：wo uld表示结果，might表示可能性，could表示能力、允许或可能性。比较：If you tried again you would succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就会成功的。(would表结果) If you tried again you might succeed. 要是你再试一试，你可能会成功的。(might表可能) If you tried again you could succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就能成功了。(could表能力) ②条件从句的谓语动词为be时，不管其主语为单数还是复数通常都用were，但在口语或非正式文体中的单数第一人称和第三人称后，也可用was，不过在If I were you这样的表达中，通常还是以用were为宜。 ③有时条件从句用would表示愿意： If he would live on with me, I would be his better half. 要是他还愿意跟我过，我仍会做他的妻子。

虚拟语气和错综条件时间从句区别

虚拟语气和错综条件时间从句区别 You would be much better now if you had taken my advice. （错综时间条件从句） You would have been much better now if you had taken my advice.(虚拟） 假若你当时听我的话，你现在就会好多了 在表示虚拟语气的句子中，条件从句表示的动作与主句表示的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时，谓语动词的形式要根据各自所表示的时间来调整，这种现象叫做错综时间虚拟语气。You would be much better now if you had taken my advice.假若你当时听我的话，现在就会好多了。（从句过去，主句现在）would have been 是与过去事实相反的非真实条件句 一般来说虚拟语气中的混合时态的句子都有具体的时间词来进行提示的，比如 说： If we had arrived at the shopping mall earlier, we would get more gifts now. 如果我们早点来商场的话（过去的时间虚拟），我们现在就可以拿更多的礼物了 （现在的虚拟）。 这是两个不同时间的虚拟语气，有相应的时间词来提示的，now来提示后句的时 间是现在而不是和前面一样的过去。 If we had arrived at the shopping mall earlier, we would have got more gifts. 如果我们早点来商场的话，我们就会拿到更多的礼物了。（已经拿了礼物了，但是实际上过去拿的时候没有拿到那么多） 如果从句和主句都表示过去的，那从句用had done,主句用 would ,could,might,should+have done 如：If you had taken my advice,you would not have been late for the meeting yesterday.如果从句表示过去的，但主句表示现在的，从句用had done,主句用would ,could,might,should+do,如：If you had taken my advice,you would not be late for the meeting now.这种一般都有个时间，如果没有表示时间的词也可以从上下文看出。 虚拟语气的用法错误。

考研英语语法虚拟语气解析(一)

考研英语语法虚拟语气解析（一） 虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种形式，用来表示假设，或用来表示命令、建议以及说话人的主 观愿望，有时也可以使语气缓和、委婉。虚拟语气作为一重点语法，在各类考试中占有相当 大的分值，所以理解该语法，不管对于考试，还是在日常应用中都有相当大的作用，本节将 就考试重点作详细讲解。 一、虚拟语气的用法 常用于条件句中，表示与现在、将来、过去相反的假设，表示与现在、将来、过去相反假设时，主句与从句谓语动词的变化形式，现以动词do为例说明。 主句从句现在would/should/could/might + do be 宀were/do 宀did 将来 would/should/could/might + do were to + do/should + do （只能用should）过去 would/should/could/have done had done注：有些语法书中在"与将来相反假设”的条件从句中也有do i did，这样就和“与现在相反假设”的主句、从句完全相似，其主要区别在于各自的时间状语上，另外如果在“与将来相反假设”的条件从句中出现should+ do，那么主句 中就避免使用should+do，可以用would/could/might+do。 例句：If you were to exam ine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006 s World Cup tour name nt, you would most likely find a no teworthy quirk. （选自2007 年Text 1） 分析：该句是复合句。 译文：假如你去调查2006年世界杯上每位足球运动员的出生证明，你很可能会发现一 个值得注意的现象。 例句：If that happe ned, passi on ate con sumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk.（选自2011 年Text 3）分析：该句是复合句，表示与现在相反的假设。其中，分词短语putting the reputation of the target company at risk在句中作状语，表示结果。 译文：这种情况一旦发生，充满激情的消费者会尽力说服他人抵制产品，从而使目标企业的声誉处于危 险境地。 例句：Everything here would have been destroyed utterly , if his wife hadn t called the fire brigade. 分析：该句是复合句。 译文：要不是他的妻子给消防队打电话，这里的一切就被彻底地破坏了。 二、混合式虚拟语气 有时条件从句和主句时态不一致，可以根据主句、从句动作发生的时间分别运用相应的 虚拟语气。 例句：He would be studying at the university now if he had passed the entrance exam in ati on.

关于虚拟语气的知识点整理

关于虚拟语气的知识点整理 虚拟语气的重点是： 1．一些常见的虚拟语气的句型或结构。 2．虚拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式。 3．主从句表示不同的时间概念、事实或假设情况，从而交错成为复合虚拟语气。 4．含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气的表示愿望的虚拟形式。 上述四个要点往往在完形填空或者阅读理解里面存在，尤其是每年完形填空都至少有一道直接考这方面的知识的题目，而在阅读理解里，我们掌握上述四个重点对于我们理解文章的大意和作者态度很有帮助，了解哪些观点是作者假设的、虚拟的，哪些是真实的，这样对于我们回答关于作者态度观点题很有帮助。 下面我们将主要从上述四个方面来重点论述在考试中应该注意的问题。 一、虚拟语气的常见类型和句型 （1）由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气 A．用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。 B．用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。 C．wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。 The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it. ---“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.” ---“That’s all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own.” I wish that he weren’t so lazy. (2)had hoped引起的宾语从句中备用语动词形式为would+动词原形，表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。 His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him, but his son became an artist later. (3)would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转的责备。例如： I’d rather you posted the letter right away. 我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。 I would prefer he didn’t stay there too long.我倒希望他不要在那儿可得太久。 I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。 （4）I t’s (high, about) time that 句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式，即动词要用过去式。 It’s time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown. It is high time that we put an end to this discussion.现在是我们该结束讲座的时候了。 （5）as, 或者whether…or…谓语多用be的原形，引导让步虚拟从句，这种用法通常采用倒装结构：Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, be they Christian, Islamivc, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on. The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly. （6）由连接词in case, so that ,unless, lest ,for fear that引起的状语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟形式，即should(might, would)+动词原形，例如： She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold. 她在那个婴儿身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。 The bad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself. (7) if it were not for…与现在事实相反，if it had not been for与过去事实相反，两个都相当于but for： If it had not been for his help(=but for his help),we would not have succeeded.

虚拟语气用法归纳

虚拟语气（the subjunctive mood）用法归纳 第一部分：语气的定义和种类 1、语气(mood) 语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 2、语气的种类 ⑴陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和 某些感叹句。如： ① There are two sides to every question. 每个问题都有两个方面。 ② Were you busy all day yesterday? 昨天一整天你都很忙吗？ ③ How good a teacher she is! 她是多好的一位老师啊！ ⑵祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如： ① Never be late again! 再也不要迟到了。 ② Don’t forget to turn off the light. 别忘了关灯。 ⑶虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推 测等。如： ① If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 ② I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。 ③ May you succeed! 祝您成功！ 第二部分：简单句中的虚拟语气 一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气， 常用于日常会话中。如： ⑴ Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office? 请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？ ⑵ It would be better for you not to stay up too late. 你最好别熬夜到很晚。 二、表祝愿。 1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。如： ⑴ May good luck be yours! 祝你好运！ ⑵ May you be happy! 祝你快乐！ ⑶ May you do even better! 祝你取得更大成就！ ⑷ May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。 ⑸ May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。 ⑹ May you be happy. 祝你幸福。 【注意】本句型属于部分倒装句型，主语后用动词原形。 2、用动词原形。如： ⑴ Long live the people! 人民万岁！ ⑵ “God bless you,” said the priest. 牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！” ⑶ Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！ 三、表示强烈愿望。（该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形，第三人称单数也不加“s”） ⑴ God save me. ⑵ Heaven help us. 四、表命令。 1. 命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you)，而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。 2. 句子尾通常加上感叹号。

虚拟语气1

虚拟语气 1.Look at those doves flying across the sky in the strong sunlight. I wish I _____ a piece of cloud giving them cool shade. A. Will be b. Am c. Should be d. Were 2.The city council ordered spitting ____ on the street. A. Was prohibited b. Is prohibited c. Be prohibited d. Be prohibiting 3.It was suggested that a special committee of five members _____ to investigate the case. A. Are appointed b. Be appointed c. Appointed d. Would appoint 4.I think it is high time the children ____ to school. A. Go b. Are going c. Will go d. Went 5.It is necessary that a university student ____ at least one foreign language. A. Learns b. Learn c. Must learn d. Learned 6.____ the truth, he would not have lent her any money. A. Jack has known b. If Jack knew c. Should Jack know d. Had Jack known 7.Given more time and money, he ____ better than what it is. A. Did b. Had done c. Could have done d. Would do 8.Jane wishes that she ____ foreign trade instead of literature when she was in college. A. Did study b. Would study c. Had studied d. Could study 9.It is important that an undergraduate ____ a grade point average of B in his major field. A. Maintains b. Maintain c. Will maintain d. Shall maintain 10.This kind of work is hard and dangerous. But ____, you would become rich. A. Would you succeed b. Could you succeed C. Might you succeed d. Should you succeed 11.The teacher recommended that Jack ____ maths or physics instead of English because he was quick at numbers. A. Must study b. Could study c. Studied d. Study 12.The dean approved of the requirement that every student ____ a report on social investigation after summer vacation. A. Handed in b. Hand in c. Must hand in d. Ought to hand in 13.I’d rather you just ____ in bed and ____ anything for at least two weeks. A. Stayed/ did b. Stay/ don’t c, stayed/ don’t do d. Stayed/ didn’t do 14.Without your encouragement and support, we ____. A. Should not succeed b. Would not succeed C. Would have succeed d. Would not have succeeded 15.Since she suffered a great deal from stomachache, the doctor insisted that he ____ wine any more. A. Did not drink b. Does not drink c. Not drink d. Could not drink 16.The same thing, happening in war time, ____ great disaster. A. Will amount to b. Amounted to c. Would have amounted to d. Would amount to 17.The doctor urged that she ____ an operation as early as possible. A. Had b. Has c. Have d. Would have 18.If I ____ the job, I would do it in a different way. A. Would do b. Do c. Shall do d. Were to do 19.He ____ ten lectures on American history, but he only gave two because of his illness.

英语虚拟语气总结(一)

英语虚拟语气总结（一） 一、概说 英语有三种语气，即陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气用于陈述事实、提出看法或问题等，祈使语气用于表示请求、命令或警告等，虚拟语气则表示假想或主观愿望：He is honest. 他很诚实。(陈述语气) Don’t be late next time. 下次别迟到。(祈使语气) If I were you I wouldn’t go. 我要是你，我就不会去。(虚拟语气) I wish I had a lot of money. 要是我有很多钱就好了。(虚拟语气) 二、带虚拟条件的虚拟语气 1.真实条件句和非真实条件句 条件句有真实条件句和非真实(虚拟)条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的，而非真实条件句则通常表示一种假想，与事实相反或不大可能会发生：If I have time, I will go with them. 假若我有时间，我就同他们去。(陈述语气) If I were you, I would go with them. 假若我是你，我就同他们去。(虚拟语气) 2.虚拟条件句的三种基本类型 (1)若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”： If you took a taxi，you’d get there quicker. 如果你坐出租车去，你可以快一点到那里。(但你不坐) If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码，我就可以给她打电话了。(可惜我不知道) (2)若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”： If I’d left sooner，I’d have been on time. 要是我早点动身，我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了) If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life. 要是我们当时早点找到他的话，我们就可以救活他。(可惜我们找到他太晚了) (3)若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”： If he went，would you go too? 如果他去，你也去吗?(大概他不会去) If I asked him，I’m sure he’d help us. 如果我向他提出要求，肯定他会帮助我们。(不过我不打算这样做) 注：① 主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称后。would, might, could的大致区别是：would表示结果，might表示可能性，could表示能力、允许或可能性。比较：If you tried again you would succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就会成功的。(would 表结果) If you tried again you might succeed. 要是你再试一试，你可能会成功的。(might

虚拟语气1

虚拟语气1 一、初中英语虚拟语气 1．–I argued with my best friend. What should I do? --If I ________ you, I would say sorry to her. A．am B．was C．are D．were 【答案】D 【解析】试题分析：句意：我和我最好的朋友吵架了。我该怎么办？如果我是你，我就对她说对不起。虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。在虚拟条件语气句中，表示与现在事实相反的事实，条件从句中的谓语动词用过去式（be用were不用was），主句谓语动词为“would+原形动词”，所以选D。 考点：考查虚拟语气。 2．The air pollution is worse and worse. The government suggests that people ____ to work by subway or by bus. A．go B．goes C．going D．to go 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 句意：空气污染越来越糟糕。政府建议人们乘地铁或者乘公交车去上班。 考查谓语动词。A. go 去；B. goes 去；C. going 在去；D. to go 为了去。这是一个that引导的宾语从句，suggest后跟的宾语从句应用虚拟语气（should）do结构，should可省略。故选A。 3．– I coughed a lot last night. What should I do? – If I _____ you, I would go to see the doctor at once. A．am B．were C．was 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析: 句意：昨晚我不停地咳嗽，我应该怎么办？哪果我是你，我就会马上去看医生。此句为虚拟语气，与现在事实相反，虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+动词原形”，故选C。 考点：考查虚拟语气。

一、虚拟语气(9)

一、虚拟语气(9) .1、 It is high/about time that...+过去式? .2、 I would rather you 过去me now. .3、 I would rather I 过去的过去yesterday. .4、 I would rather you 过去tomorrow. .5、主语+propose/urge/suggest/require/demand/insist ?/that...+(should)+动词原形? .6、 The suggestion is that...(should)+动词原形? .7、 It is necessary/important/essential that+ (should) + 动词原?.8、 I wish I 过去ten years younger now. 9、 I wish I 过去的过去him yesterday. ?虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法(必背) 注意下延伸考点:1.as if /as though的相关考点现在用过去,过去用过去的过去?

2. 如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were, had,should时，可省略if，把were,had,should 放到从句主语前面去，形成倒装，但是否定词not 不前移。多见于书面语. 二、时态(4) 1.You’d better + do sth... / You’d better not do sth... 2,by the time / end of 主句+将来完成时by the end of next year? 主句+过去将来完成时by the end of 1999 ?(关键句:By the middle of the 21st century, the vast majority of the world’s people 将来完成时in cities rather than in rural areas. .3、 It is/has been +一段时间+since 自从......已有...... .4、 for, since, so far, till, until一般与完成时连用(完成时提示词) 三、固定句式(12)? 1、I have no doubt + that 2、I have trouble/difficulty + (in) doing sth 3、It is/was.... + that (强调句) 4、The more..., the more The more..., the less? 5. make it( clear, one’s duty, possible),it不可以省略。 6、It is difficult ( adj. ) + to do sth It is + adj. + for sb to do sth 7、It is likely + to do sth