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第3版新视野大学英语4读写教程课后练习题答案(1-6单元)

Unit 1

Words in use

1. As the gender barriers crumbled, the number of women working as lawyers, doctors, or bankers began to increase significantly from the mid-20th century.

随着性别壁垒的瓦解，从20世纪中期开始，从事律师、医生或银行家工作的妇女人数开始显著增加。

2. With the data collected each year, the owner of the shop can discern customer trends and how things like weather and economic indicators affect sales performance.

通过每年收集的数据，店主可以辨别顾客的趋势，以及天气和经济指标如何影响销售业绩。

3. His supervisor pushes and motivates him in such a positive manner that he is not only able to reach but to surpass his personal goals.

他的上司以一种积极的方式推动和激励他，使他不仅能够达到，而且能够超越他的个人目标。

4. He is a man with a(n) shrewd business sense. He has built his initial investment into a substantial and even excessively large fortune.

他是个有精明商业头脑的人。他把最初的投资变成了一笔可观的、甚至过多的财富。

5. The conversion of nuclear radiation directly into electricity was an exciting possibility that was being vigorously explored in many laboratories in the 1950s.

核辐射直接转化为电能是一种令人兴奋的可能性，20世纪50年代，许多实验室正在积极探索这种可能性。

6. I was not only shocked but also disgusted that the report tried to distort the scientific facts in such a manner that even some highly-educated people were fooled.报告试图歪曲科学事实，甚至一些受过高等教育的人也被愚弄了，我不仅感到震惊，而且感到厌恶。

7. Sixty-two and blessed with his mother's skin, the fisherman had withstood a lifetime of exposure to the sun and looked as radiant as a man in his forties.

这位渔夫六十二岁，有着母亲的皮肤，他经得起一辈子的日晒，看上去像四十多岁的人一样容光焕发。

8. French educator Louis Braille invented a simple but ingenious code which has had an impact on the lives of generations of people who are blind.

法国教育家路易斯·布莱叶发明了一种简单而巧妙的密码，它对几代盲人的生活产生了影响。

9. The senators didn't expect us to ask such tough questions, and when we finally did, they got stumped and didn't know what to say.

参议员们没想到我们会问这么难的问题，当我们终于问出来时，他们被难住了，不知道该说什么。

10. This newly established university supports the proposition that a more diverse higher education system is desirable since it would enhance opportunities for lifelong learning.

这所新成立的大学支持这样一个主张：一个更加多样化的高等教育体系是可取的，因为它将增加终身学习的机会。

完型

Have you ever heard people say that they tend to be more of a right-brain or left-brain thinker? From books to television programs, you have probably heard the term 1) mentioned numerous times, or perhaps you have even taken an online test to 2) determine which type best describes you.

你听过人们说他们更倾向于右脑或左脑思考者吗？从书籍到电视节目，你可能听过无数次提到这个词，或者你甚至参加了一个在线测试，以确定哪种类型最适合你。

Do different parts of the brain really control different bodily and mental functions? Over the years, a theory that has 3) gained in popularity is that the right brain and the left brain are 4) responsible for different modes of thought and that the way in which a person thinks will depend on which side of his brain works more actively.

大脑的不同部分真的控制着不同的身体和精神功能吗？多年来，一种流行的理论认为，右脑和左脑负责不同的思维方式，一个人的思维方式将取决于他大脑的哪一边工作得更积极。

People who rely more 5) heavily on the right half of their brain tend to be more imaginative and spontaneous. They are interested in patterns, shapes and sizes, for the right brain is associated with 6) artistic ability like singing, painting, writing poetry, etc. Left-brain dominated people are quite 7) opposite in the way they think. They tend to be more logical and 8) analytical in their thinking and usually stand out in mathematics and word skills.

更依赖右半脑的人往往更富有想象力和自发性。他们对图案、形状和大小感兴趣，因为右脑与歌唱、绘画、写诗等艺术能力有关。左脑占主导地位的人的思维方式完全相反。他们的思维倾向于更具逻辑性和分析性，通常在数学和文字技能方面表现突出。

While the different functions of the two brain parts may have been 9) distorted and exaggerated by popular psychology, understanding your strengths and weaknesses in certain areas can help you develop better ways to learn and study. For example, if you are usually 10) stumped in trying to follow verbal instructions, an activity often

cited as a right-brain characteristic, you can benefit from writing down directions and developing better organizational skills.

虽然这两个大脑部分的不同功能可能被大众心理学扭曲和夸大，但了解你在某些方面的强项和弱项可以帮助你发展更好的学习和学习方式。例如，如果你在试图遵循口头指令（通常被称为右脑特征的活动）时遇到困难，你可以从写下指令和培养更好的组织技能中获益。

Expression in use

1. The brick walls of the ruined buildings 1) were dripping with green mold and moisture, and she shivered involuntarily, looking down to avoid the sight.

被毁坏的建筑物的砖墙上滴着绿色的霉菌和湿气，她不由自主地打了个寒颤，低头避开视线。

2. As urban populations exported finished goods 2) in exchange for raw materials from neighboring populations, organized trade grew substantially.

随着城市人口出口制成品以换取邻近人口的原材料，有组织贸易大幅增长。

3. Knowing just how quickly a wildfire can spread, some residents of the village decided to leave their homes after the flames 3) flared up nearby.

由于知道野火蔓延的速度有多快，村里的一些居民决定在附近起火后离家出走。

4. Biology teachers often 4) make an analogy between the heart and a pump in order to help students understand how the heart works.

生物老师经常把心脏和泵作类比，以帮助学生了解心脏是如何工作的。

5. They would like to 5) set a date for their wedding and announce their engagement to their families and friends as soon as possible.

他们想定个结婚日期，并尽快向家人和朋友宣布订婚。

6. He was determined not to sour a perfectly good day with the memory of one jealous classmate trying to 6) make a fool 7) out of him in front of the entire class.

他下定决心不让一个嫉妒的同学在全班同学面前愚弄他，让一个完美的好日子难过。

7. The couple 8) made a pact never to work at the same time, so that one of them was always on full-time parenting duty, and their child wouldn't have to be looked after by strangers.

这对夫妇约定永远不要同时工作，这样他们中的一个就永远在全职做父母，他们的孩子就不用被陌生人照顾了。

8. The president said that it's the worst earthquake ever to hit the country, and that he 9) had appealed to the world for help, asking in particular for heavy-lift helicopters able to carry relief supplies into the isolated mountain areas.

奥巴马总统说，这是该国有史以来最严重的地震，他呼吁全世界提供帮助，特别是要求能够将救援物资运送到偏远山区的重型直升机。

Unit2

Words in use

1.We need to improve the quality of education so that our children will not leave school deficient in literary and reasoning skills.

我们需要提高教育质量，这样我们的孩子就不会离开文学和推理能力不足的学校。

2.In a society governed by the rule of law, every citizen is subject to possible prosecution if he violates the law.

在法治社会里，每个公民如果违法，都可能受到起诉。

3.The pay gap between average workers and top corporate officers has led to pubic outrage as executives receive large packages despite falling share prices.

普通员工和公司高管之间的薪酬差距导致了公众的愤怒，因为尽管股价下跌，高管们还是收到了巨额薪酬。

4.The delicious meal appeased our hunger and made us feel warm again after having walked in the snow all day.

这顿美味的饭菜使我们在雪地里走了一整天之后，又感到温暖了。

5.The military insists on conformity in many areas, for example, dress and haircut, with the primary objective of promoting group unity.

军队在服饰、理发等许多方面坚持从军，首要目的是促进集团团结。

6.My daughter used to play with the dog by taking a strand of its hair and then spending a long time rubbing, combing and twisting it.

我女儿过去常和狗玩，先把狗的一缕毛拿出来，然后花很长时间搓、梳、扭。

7.When she left for the party, she took great care to make her necklace and shoes complement her dress.

当她去参加聚会时，她非常小心地把项链和鞋子做成衣服的配饰。

8.It was necessary to provide living places for transient immigrants passing through the area on their way to more permanent dwellings.

有必要为经过该地区前往更永久性住所的临时移民提供生活场所。

9.They had just moved in, so they needed to buy a number of kitchen appliances, including a microwave oven, a toaster, and a coffee maker.

他们刚搬进来，所以需要买一些厨房用具，包括微波炉、烤面包机和咖啡机。

10.She wanted a beautiful and elegant outfit to attend the wedding of a friend, but couldn't find anything satisfactory in the nearby shops.

她想要一套漂亮优雅的衣服参加朋友的婚礼，但在附近的商店里找不到满意的衣服。

完型填空

I was once in a relationship with a woman who was the most brilliant, creative and driven person I'd ever known. I told her these things often because she didn't see herself this way, despite achieving great success and acclaim in her professional field. She was also gorgeous and sexy, though she seemed not to realize this either, so I told her these things too. But while I thought it was more important to praise her brilliance, it seemed to mean more to her that she was considered attractive.

我曾经和一个女人有过一段感情，她是我认识的最聪明、最有创造力、最有动力的人。我经常告诉她这些事情，因为她没有这样看待自己，尽管在她的专业领域取得了巨大的成功和赞誉。她也很漂亮和性感，虽然她似乎也没有意识到这一点，所以我告诉她这些事情。不过，虽然我认为赞美她的才华更为重要，但对她来说，被认为有吸引力似乎更为重要。

My experience with this girlfriend exemplifies a common phenomenon in life – when it comes to complimenting a woman, men often walk a very difficult line. Of course, context matters. In a professional setting, talking about appearance is often inappropriate, but at a singles club, it may be important. She will be very pleased if a man thinks her clothes and accessories are pretty, or her hair looks wonderful. However, things in between these two cases are unclear. Women have every right to be recognized and appreciated for their intelligence and creativity. But at the same time, they want to be admired for their looks as well, for example, their perfect skin complexion and elegant outfits.

我和这位女朋友的经历证明了生活中的一个普遍现象——当谈到赞美一个女人时，男人往往会走一条非常艰难的路线。当然，语境很重要。在职业场合，谈论外表往往是不合适的，但在单身俱乐部，这可能很重要。如果一个男人认为她的衣服和饰物很漂亮，或者她的头发看起来很漂亮，她会很高兴的。然而，这两起案件之间的情况尚不清楚。妇女完全有权因其聪明才智和创造力而得到承认和赞赏。但同时，他们也希望自己的外表也能让人钦佩，比如，他们完美的肤色和优雅的服装。

Unfortunately, most guys don't understand this. If we receive compliments from women, they're usually about our achievements, not our looks. Most of us don't expect a woman to tell us how handsome or sexy we are, and some of us would find it hard to regard such a comment as sincere.

不幸的是，大多数人都不明白这一点。如果我们得到女性的称赞，她们通常是关于我们的成就，而不是我们的长相。我们大多数人都不指望一个女人告诉我们我们有多帅或性感，我们中的一些人会发现很难把这样的评论看作是真诚的。

I'm not saying it's very hard to be a guy these days. It is important for every man to understand how to treat women with both respect and admiration. But as far as the right balance of these two is concerned, we really have no frame of reference,

especially when it comes to looks.

我不是说现在做男人很难。对每个男人来说，了解如何既尊重又钦佩地对待女人是很重要的。但就这两者的正确平衡而言，我们确实没有参照系，尤其是在外观方面。

Expression in use

1.Every month, the Community Services Center offers several lectures on health and fitness in hopes of introducing people to healthier lifestyles.

社区服务中心每个月都会举办几次健康和健身讲座，希望向人们介绍更健康的生活方式。

2. Do you know who came up with the idea of having cheesecake for dessert yesterday? It was delicious and made everyone happy.

你知道昨天谁想出了把芝士蛋糕当甜点吃的主意吗？它很好吃，让每个人都很开心。

3. The pain medication left Claudia feeling rather dull and sleepy, and soon after dinner she apologized for being such poor company and excuse herself to bed.

服用止痛药后，克劳迪娅感到相当沉闷和困倦，晚饭后不久，她就为自己的陪伴如此糟糕而道歉，并原谅自己上床睡觉。

4. When I was young, I was obsessed with maps, and I sometimes spent the whole day charting land routes from one point to another.

当我年轻的时候，我痴迷于地图，有时我花了一整天的时间绘制从一个点到另一个点的路线图。

5. To make immigrants comfortable reaching out to police for help, more than 70 cities now bar police from asking them to prove their legal status.

为了让移民们安心地向警方求助，目前已有70多个城市禁止警方要求他们证明自己的合法身份。

6. Mary was often accused of "having a strong personality" because she was not afraid to voice an opinion on subjects about which she was knowledgeable.

玛丽经常被指责“个性很强”，因为她不怕就她所了解的问题发表意见。

7. At the end of his term in office, the governor was criticized for failure to live up to his campaign promise.

在任期结束时，州长因未能履行竞选承诺而受到批评。

8. Results of a survey revealed that of the top 10 automobile makers in terms of customer satisfaction, six were Japanese and two were German.

一项调查的结果显示，在顾客满意度排名前十的汽车制造商中，6家是日本人，

2家是德国人。

Unit3

Words in use

1. The curtains changed the atmosphere of the house completely and made it into a place of (exquisite) beauty.

窗帘彻底改变了房子的气氛，使之成为一个美丽的地方。

2. As the sun (dispersed) the clouds, we enjoyed our afternoon of playing cards in the forest under the clear sky and observing the most spectacular view I have ever seen in my life.

当太阳驱散云层时，我们在晴朗的天空下的森林里玩牌，欣赏着我一生中见过的最壮观的景色。

3. The big company (decentralized / decentralised) their operations last year and opened several regional offices in the country to meet the needs of the market.

这家大公司去年将业务分散，并在中国开设了多个地区办事处，以满足市场需求。

4. It is not easy to (deduce) a trend of growth from the available facts since they are quite scarce and not that convincing.

从现有的事实中不容易推断出增长趋势，因为它们非常稀少，而且没有那么令人信服。

5. Formerly found only in large industrial applications, microwave ovens now have become a standard (fixture) of most modern kitchens.

微波炉以前只存在于大型工业应用中，现在已成为大多数现代厨房的标准设备。

6. He calls on the public to save in everyday life and believes that (frugality) is the key to battling a culture that rewards mindless consumption.

他呼吁公众在日常生活中储蓄，并认为节俭是与奖励无意识消费的文化作斗争的关键。

7. He is suitable for the position as he is young enough to understand what the teenagers think but old enough to (administrate) their programs.

他很适合这个职位，因为他还年轻，能够理解青少年的想法，但年龄足够大，可以管理他们的项目。

8. When asked about her whereabouts at 9 o'clock that night, she gave a rather (disjointed) response, which caught the detective's attention.

当晚9点被问及行踪时，她给出了一个相当脱节的回答，引起了侦探的注意。

9. (Reviving) the stalled economy and sticking to promises to bring the deficit down

next year is proving to be the principal test for the new president.

事实证明，重振停滞的经济，坚持明年削减赤字的承诺，是对新总统的主要考验。

10. A considerable period of time has to (elapse) before the effects of such security measures as closed-circuit television cameras and cell-phone monitoring become evident in reducing crimes.

必须经过相当长的一段时间，闭路电视摄像机和手机监控等安全措施才能明显地减少犯罪。

完型

In some urban centers, workaholism (工作狂) is so common that people do not consider it unusual: They accept the lifestyle as normal. Government workers in Washington D.C., for example, 1) frequently work 60 to 70 hours a week. They don't do this because they have to; they do it because they want to.

在一些城市中心，工作狂（正在进行中）非常普遍，人们并不认为这是不寻常的：他们接受正常的生活方式。例如，华盛顿特区的政府工作人员每周工作60至70小时。他们这样做不是因为他们必须这样做，而是因为他们想这样做。

Workaholism can be a serious problem. True workaholics, being deeply 2) immersed in their work, allow themselves little or no time to take breaks. They like to work without being 3) disrupted , and they probably don't know how to relax.

工作狂可能是一个严重的问题。真正的工作狂，沉浸在工作中，很少或根本没有时间休息。他们喜欢不受干扰地工作，而且可能不知道如何放松。

But is workaholism always bad? Perhaps not. There are people who work well under 4) stress. Besides, some studies show that many workaholics have great energy and interest in their own 5) sphere. Their work is so pleasurable that they are actually very happy. For most workaholics, work and entertainment are the same thing. Their work 6) challenges them, keeping them busy and genuinely engaged.

但是工作狂总是不好吗？也许不是。有些人在压力下工作得很好。此外，一些研究表明，许多工作狂对自己的领域充满了活力和兴趣。他们的工作非常愉快，实际上他们非常高兴。对大多数工作狂来说，工作和娱乐是一回事。他们的工作给他们带来挑战，让他们忙得不可开交。

Why do workaholics enjoy doing their jobs so much? Of course they get paychecks from it, but it is hard to 7) quantify the pleasure with money. It offers more than 8) financial security. Psychologists claim that work gives people an identity and provides them with self-confidence. People have a feeling of satisfaction when they 9) administrate a business well or complete a challenging piece of work. In addition, most jobs provide a socially acceptable way for people to meet others. So, though some people are compulsive (强迫性的) about their work, their 10) addiction seems to be a safe or even an advantageous one. They feel empty and incomplete when they are involved in activities not related to work.

为什么工作狂那么喜欢做他们的工作？他们当然能从中得到薪水，但很难用金钱来量化快乐。它提供了超过8）的财政保障。心理学家声称，工作给人一种身份，给人一种自信。当人们很好地管理一项业务或完成一项具有挑战性的工作时，他们会有一种满足感。此外，大多数工作为人们提供了一种社会上可以接受的见面方式。因此，尽管有些人对工作有强迫性，但他们的上瘾似乎是安全的，甚至是有利的。当他们参与与工作无关的活动时，他们感到空虚和不完整。

Expression in use

1. Because of his quiet personality, many people said they would not elect him president of the institute though they (held) him (in high regard).

由于他沉默寡言的个性，许多人说，虽然他们对他很尊敬，但他们不会选他为研究所所长。

2. Peter graduated from college in June and started his work in the auto company in August. (In the interim), he took a trip around the country.

彼得6月份大学毕业，8月份开始在汽车公司工作。在此期间，他周游全国。3. When his advertisement using the new digital technique drew as many as 5,000 responses overnight, he knew he (was onto something).

当他使用新的数字技术的广告一夜之间吸引了多达5000人的回应时，他知道自己在做什么。

4. When students are more involved in their academic and extracurricular activities, they will experience a richer campus life, which (in turn) benefits their development.

当学生更多地参与到他们的学术和课外活动中，他们将体验到更丰富的校园生活，这反过来又有利于他们的发展。

5. The scientists of the research center keep the good habit of summing up their experience (from time to time).

研究中心的科学家们保持着不时总结经验的好习惯。

6. Whenever the older kids in school tried to (pick on) her brother, she would not be afraid to stand up for him.

每当学校里的大一点的孩子们想欺负她的哥哥时，她都不怕站出来支持他。

7. If he doesn't try to get a ticket now, he's probably not going to get one. So, he might want to (take a stab at) it one more time.

如果他现在不想买票，他可能就买不到了。所以，他可能想再试一次。

8. There are a lot of reasons for replacing your hard drive or adding a new one to your old computer, but they all (boil down to) the need for more space.

更换硬盘或在旧电脑中添加新硬盘有很多原因，但都归结为需要更多空间。

Unit4

Word in use

1. I will conduct a top-to-bottom review of the state departments, agencies, and commissions, and seek to consolidate or to eliminate them where appropriate.

我将对国家各部门、机构和委员会进行一次自上而下的审查，并寻求在适当的情况下予以合并或取消。

2. To a 10-year-old girl, you need to offer understanding about her wishes and help her differentiate between fantasy and reality.

对于一个10岁的女孩，你需要理解她的愿望，帮助她区分幻想和现实。

3. When we heard about the dreadful suffering of the children and adults, our primary instinct, like millions of others, was to shed tears.

当我们听到儿童和成人遭受的可怕痛苦时，我们的本能，就像千百万其他人一样，是流泪。

4. It was when we started living together that we found, to our sadness and surprise, that we were incompatible.

当我们开始一起生活时，我们发现，令我们悲伤和惊讶的是，我们是不相容的。

5. It was alleged that he had taken a $50,000 bribe before the project was transferred to another company.

据称，在该项目移交给另一家公司之前，他曾受贿5万美元。

6. The budget proposal has been described as "bizarre" and "inappropriate" by people objecting to it.

预算提案被反对者形容为“怪异”和“不恰当”。

7. It seems that what people believe and what researchers have found out about the correlation between wealth and happiness are more different than overlapping.

似乎人们所相信的和研究人员所发现的关于财富和幸福之间的关系的不同之处在于重叠。

8. Current expenditure in this museum is negligible in comparison with the huge amount which foreign museums of similar standing spend.

与国外同类博物馆的巨额开支相比，这座博物馆的经常开支微不足道。

9. The air and rivers in this area are getting cleaner, and attempts to preserve animal species and their habitats have been mainly successful.

这一地区的空气和河流越来越干净，保护动物物种及其栖息地的努力主要是成功的。

10. If you can provide rational and intelligible debates from an unbiased point of view, maybe we will all learn something.

如果你能从一个公正的角度提供合理和可理解的辩论，也许我们都会学到一些东西。

完型

Farming invariably interferes with the habitats of plants and animals. However, this does not necessarily mean that agriculture and biodiversity are 1)(incompatible). In fact, quite the opposite is true. The sustainable cultivation of plants for food and feed actually enables us to 2)(preserve) biodiversity.

农业总是干扰动植物的栖息地。然而，这并不一定意味着农业和生物多样性是不相容的。事实上，恰恰相反。可持续种植植物作为食物和饲料实际上使我们能够保护生物多样性。

By 2007, there were more than twice as many people living on the planet as there were in 1961. Over the same period, the total amount of 3)(available) arable (可耕的) land grew by just 10 percent. In comparison with population growth, the expansion of arable land was small. And there are limits to further expansion. A large 4)(proportion) of the earth's surface – like deserts – is not suitable for cultivation, and other areas are 5) (utilized) by humans for roads and buildings. Some land that is rich in biodiversity needs to be preserved and thus should not be 6)(converted) into arable land. The tropical rain forests, for example, have the highest species density in the world, and changing this land for crop cultivation would be 7)(dreadful) to these species' habitats and, indeed, existence.

到2007年，地球上的人口是1961年的两倍多。同期，可供耕地总量仅增长10%。与人口增长相比，耕地面积增长幅度较小。而且进一步的扩张是有限度的。地球表面有很大一部分像沙漠一样不适合耕种，其他地区则被人类用作道路和建筑物。一些生物多样性丰富的土地需要得到保护，因此不应转变为可耕地。例如，热带雨林是世界上物种密度最高的地区，改变这片土地种植农作物对这些物种的栖息地和生存来说都是可怕的。

By 2050, global demand for food will have risen by 70 percent. But the expansion of land available for cultivation has its limits. This is one of the greatest challenges facing agriculture today: How do we 8)(balance) the increased demand for food with the need to maintain biological diversity, now and in the future?

到2050年，全球对粮食的需求将增加70%。但可供耕种的土地的扩大有其局限性。这是当今农业面临的最大挑战之一：我们如何在增加的粮食需求与现在和未来维持生物多样性的需要之间取得平衡？

Efficient and 9)(sane) use of land will be key to preserving natural animal and plant habitats. To achieve this aim will depend to a(n) 10)(considerable) extent on the use of modern agricultural methods. If these methods are successfully applied, we

believe that agriculture and biodiversity can coexist in harmony.

有效和合理利用土地将是保护自然动植物栖息地的关键。要实现这一目标，在很大程度上取决于现代农业方法的使用。如果这些方法得到成功应用，我们相信农业和生物多样性可以和谐共存。

Expression in use

1. After the painter's move to Paris in 1904, Picasso's Rose Period paintings (took on)

a warmer and more optimistic mood than the previous Blue Period.

1904年画家迁往巴黎后，毕加索玫瑰时期的绘画呈现出比前一个蓝色时期更温暖、更乐观的情绪。

2. There are a number of different occasions when you might be (called upon) to make a speech. Therefore, you need to practice how to speak to a large audience.

有很多不同的场合你可能会被要求发表演讲。因此，你需要练习如何与大量听众交谈。

3. Schools in the US believe that cheating in examinations (runs against the grain) of the "honor system" proposed by Thomas Jefferson hundreds of years ago.

美国的学校认为考试作弊违背了数百年前托马斯杰斐逊提出的“荣誉制度”。4. Being a major global concern, rapid population growth is believed by many to (be incompatible with) sustainable management of the environment.

作为全球关注的一个重大问题，许多人认为人口的快速增长与环境的可持续管理是不相容的。

5. It seems that many people have (come through) periods of stress, with more physical and mental vigor than they had before.

似乎许多人都经历过压力时期，比以前有了更多的体力和精神活力。

6. More and more native plants disappear every year. Saving them is important because our own survival (is bound up) with their fate.

每年有越来越多的本地植物消失。拯救他们很重要，因为我们自己的生存与他们的命运息息相关。

7. It's up to you to (differentiate between) those who have your interests at heart and those who would take advantage of you.

由你来区分那些把你的兴趣放在心上的人和那些利用你的人。

8. Although J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter novels are written for "ages 9-12", they (have struck a chord with) many older readers.

尽管J.K.Rowling的哈利波特小说是为“9-12岁”而写的，但它们却引起了许多年长读者的共鸣。

Unit 5

Word in use

1. Although he was not a legal expert, he knew it would not be proper to (fabricate) anything to mislead the public.

2. He does not work full time there, but he has been the (nominal) head of the organization's scholarship program for five years.

3. As Mark walked the sites on that initial trip of the migrants, he found some important (temporal) clues – dated bus tickets, shopping receipts and calendars.

4. In urban planning, it is important to take into consideration the (reciprocal) influence between the transportation network and other facilities, for example shopping centers and medical centers.

5. The label "Smart Choices" on the front of food packages usually (denotes) products that meet criteria for lower fat, sugar and sodium (钠) content.

6. The public high school graduation rates in New Mexico and Arizona have been increasing for three (consecutive) years, thanks to an online program that helps students earn missing credits.

7. In the accident at the air show last week, a pilot and 10 (spectators) were killed when a fighter plane crashed into the crowd.

8. The mother was not sure where the boys went, but she did hear them (muttering) something about going out for a movie with friends.

9. This newly released portrait of Planet Earth is actually a (composite) of several pictures taken earlier this month by a new research satellite.

10. You shouldn't feel insulted. We can assure you he meant to be friendly and there was nothing impolite or (malicious) in his words.

完型

Stereotypes have some truth mixed in with a few generalizations. Sometimes these generalizations can be misleading as they are often based on observation of the 1)(exterior) behavior of people in a certain culture. Spaghetti, pasta, mafia (黑手党), gestures, fashion –these are some words commonly used to describe Italians. How much truth is there in the stereotype? As an Italian myself, I will give you some 2)(insights) into the Italian soul and clarify some misunderstandings that foreigners have about us.

刻板印象中掺杂了一些事实和一些概括。有时，这些概括可能会产生误导，因为它们通常是基于对某一文化中人们的外部行为的观察。意大利面、意大利面、黑手党、手势、时尚——这些都是意大利人常用的词汇。这个刻板印象有多少真实性？作为一个意大利人，我会给你一些关于意大利灵魂的见解，澄清一些外国人对我们的误解。

Spaghetti and pasta are sacred. You can't take pasta away from an Italian meal; otherwise it won't be 3)(complete). A typical Italian meal generally includes pasta as a starter, fish or meat with salad as the main 4)(course), followed by fruit or dessert, and then coffee. But there are considerable regional differences in Italy, and hence 5)(inconsistencies) exist between the stereotype and reality. For instance, you might find risotto (加有肉、鱼或蔬菜的调味饭) replacing pasta in some places!

意大利面和意大利面是神圣的。你不能把意大利面从意大利餐中拿走，否则它就不完整了。典型的意大利餐通常包括意大利面作为开胃菜，鱼或肉作为主菜，然后是水果或甜点，然后是咖啡。但是，意大利存在着相当大的地区差异，因此在陈规定型观念和现实之间存在着不一致。例如，你可能会发现在一些地方放意大利面的意大利烩饭！

The Mafia is real: We are not proud of it, but it does exist, especially in the South and on the island of Sicily. Obviously, not every Italian is a member of the Mafia, and most will be 6)(offended) if you use the term, even if you are just joking.

黑手党是真的：我们并不以它为荣，但它确实存在，特别是在南方和西西里岛。显然，并不是每个意大利人都是黑手党成员，如果你用这个词，即使你只是开玩笑，大多数人也会被冒犯。

Yes, the way we speak is unique. Italians use 7)(gestures) a lot in communication. We simply cannot talk without our hands. If the hands are busy doing something else, we start moving shoulders or other parts of the body.

是的，我们说话的方式很独特。意大利人在交流中经常使用手势。没有我们的手我们根本无法交谈。如果手忙着做别的事情，我们就开始移动肩膀或身体的其他部位。

We are also fashion victims. You can recognize Italians by the way they dress from head to toe. We wear stylish clothes and 8)(ornaments) for every possible occasion. You won't ever see an Italian wearing running shorts combined with long socks: It's simply against our 9)(sense) of style!

我们也是时尚的受害者。你可以通过意大利人从头到脚的穿衣方式认出他们。我们在任何可能的场合都穿着时髦的衣服和装饰品。你永远不会看到一个意大利人穿着运动短裤和长袜：这完全违背了我们的时尚感！

Italy is made up of many regions and provinces which are similar in some ways and

10)(distinctive) in others. The stereotype contains some truth, but being Italian takes

a lot more than that.

意大利由许多地区和省份组成，这些地区和省份在某些方面相似，而在另一些方

面则与众不同。这个刻板印象包含了一些事实，但成为意大利人需要的远不止这些。

Expression in use

1. We chatted for half an hour before he finally (got to the point): He wanted to work as a business consultant and wondered if I could pass along the names of certain potential clients.

我们聊了半个小时，他才终于说到点子上：他想当一名商业顾问，想知道我能否把某些潜在客户的名字传给他。

2. Scientists at the research center identified various features that (are attached to) the commodities purchased by female consumers.

研究中心的科学家们发现了女性消费者购买的商品所具有的各种特征。

3. The three mountain climbers (would have starved to death) if the villagers had not found them lying at the bottom of the valley.

如果村民们没有发现这三个登山者躺在谷底，他们就会饿死。

4. The boy looked up timidly at his father who was sitting next to him, but he didn't stop crying. (If anything), his crying became more intense.

男孩胆怯地抬头看着坐在他旁边的父亲，但他还是不停地哭。如果有的话，他哭得更厉害了。

5. Since no one knew how the disease spread, they (were suspicious of) everything, including mosquitoes, swimming pools, and people from other neighborhoods.

由于没有人知道这种疾病是如何传播的，所以他们对任何事情都持怀疑态度，包括蚊子、游泳池和其他社区的人。

6. At the press conference, the government spokesman avoided answering the question about health-care reform directly. Instead he just (wandered around) to talk about the harsh economic situation.

在记者招待会上，政府发言人避免直接回答有关医疗改革的问题。相反，他只是四处闲逛，谈论严峻的经济形势。

7. Mr. Rogers, whom you met in the museum yesterday, works as a software engineer and plays folk music (on the side).

罗杰斯先生，你昨天在博物馆认识的，他是一名软件工程师，一边演奏民间音乐。

8. These schools were selected for our survey because the composition of their student bodies (was representative of) the district's enrollment, which included a large proportion of children from immigrant families.

这些学校之所以被选为我们的调查对象，是因为它们的学生群体的构成代表了该地区的入学情况，其中包括来自移民家庭的大部分儿童。

Unit 6

Word in use

1. When I first came to this city, everything was alien to me. It took me a long time to adjust myself to the new environment.

当我第一次来到这座城市时，一切对我来说都是陌生的。我花了很长时间才适应新环境。

2. Something growing in her brain caused damage to her optic nerve, and doctors thought she would never see again.

她脑中生长的某种物质对她的视神经造成了损害，医生认为她再也看不见了。

3. The front side of the house has a(n) symmetrical arrangement of windows and doors, with the main door in the center, a side door and two windows on each side.房屋正面门窗对称布置，正门居中，侧门一扇，两边各有两扇。

4. He cleaned the old machine and lubricated the moving parts with a little mineral oil, hoping that it could work again.

他清洗了旧机器，并用一点矿物油润滑运动部件，希望它能再次工作。

5. We could tell it was a crisp winter night because, overhead, between the shadows of the buildings, a multitude of stars twinkled.

我们可以看出这是一个清爽的冬夜，因为在头顶上，在建筑物的阴影之间，有许多星星在闪烁。

6. During his work on child protection, he often acts as a(n) mediator between parents and children, making the parents know what they can do and what they cannot do.

在儿童保护工作中，他经常充当父母和孩子之间的调解人，使父母知道他们能做什么和不能做什么。

7. Due to safety concerns, the commander ordered his troops to leave their outposts in the mountains and return to their bases in the nearby village.

出于安全考虑，指挥官命令部队离开山中的前哨阵地，返回附近村庄的基地。

8. It's exciting to travel to a foreign place, no matter whether you're traversing the wilds of Africa or just making a weekend trip to the countryside.

无论你是在穿越非洲的荒野，还是只是周末去乡村旅行，到国外旅行都是令人兴奋的。

9. In the 1970s, a number of countries passed laws to protect women's rights, announcing that they would emancipate women through education and work.

20世纪70年代，一些国家通过了保护妇女权利的法律，宣布将通过教育和工作解放妇女。

10. The basic idea of deductive reasoning is that if something is true of a class of things in general, this truth applies to all members of that class.

演绎推理的基本思想是，如果一类事物的某件事物是真的，那么这个真理适用于该类事物的所有成员。

完型

To invest in women's education and health is important for the overall welfare of the human society. The 1) reason for saying so is obvious, that is, women are playing important roles in modern society. The politicians who 2) levy taxes should know that women contribute to 40 percent of the world's production in agriculture, a quarter in industry, and a third in services. Women farmers in the developing countries grow at least 50 percent of the world's food. In addition to 3) generating income, women continue to take responsibilities for household activities such as childcare, cleaning and preparing food, which are sometimes not as 4) lightweight and easy as generally thought.

对妇女教育和健康的投资对于人类社会的整体福利是重要的。这样说的原因是显而易见的，即妇女在现代社会中发挥着重要作用。征税的政治家应该知道，妇女在世界农业生产中占40%，在工业中占四分之一，在服务业中占三分之一。发展中国家的女农民种植了世界上至少50%的粮食。除了创造收入外，妇女还继续承担家庭活动的责任，如儿童保育、清洁和准备食物，这些活动有时不像人们普遍认为的那么轻巧和容易。

Yet women's productivity remains low. Improving women's productivity can greatly benefit economic growth and poverty 5) reduction, which are key development goals around the world. Hence, to 6)enhance women's status is a vital part of the World Bank's strategy for broadly based economic and human resource development.

然而，妇女的生产力仍然很低。提高妇女生产力可以极大地促进经济增长和减贫，这是全世界的主要发展目标。因此，提高妇女地位是世界银行基础广泛的经济和人力资源发展战略的重要组成部分。

To improve women's welfare calls for the efforts of both women and men. If long-term change in the conditions of women is to be 7)achieved, the actions and attitudes of men must change, rather than simply to 8)emancipate women from old conventions. Problems affecting women are often closely related to the social 9)relationships between men and women. For example, it is impossible to deal with women's health problems effectively through 10)approaches that involve only women. Many women's health problems are embedded in unequal gender relation in work loads, responsibilities for family welfare, as well as access to resources and decision-making.

改善妇女福利需要男女共同努力。要实现妇女状况的长期变化，就必须改变男子

的行动和态度，而不是简单地将妇女从旧习俗中解放出来。影响妇女的问题往往与男女之间的社会关系密切相关。例如，不可能通过只涉及妇女的办法有效地处理妇女的健康问题。许多妇女的健康问题是由于工作负担、家庭福利责任以及获得资源和决策的机会方面的性别关系不平等造成的。

Expression in use

1. The amount of oil capable of 1)being extracted from the earth is ever decreasing, and we will be officially running out of oil some day.

能够从地球上开采的石油量正在不断减少，总有一天我们会正式耗尽石油。

2. They sought to 2)emancipate the country 3)from the old rigid traditions and to open it up to different cultures of the world.

他们试图把这个国家从旧的僵化的传统中解放出来，并向世界不同的文化开放。

3. In order to 4)cater to customers who don't have credit cards, the company will soon allow shoppers to select products online, pick them up at its local store and pay for them in cash.

为了迎合没有信用卡的顾客，该公司很快将允许购物者在网上挑选产品，在当地商店提货，并用现金支付。

4. We should return the power to the communities and the people, so that they can

5)have a say on important issues in their own neighborhoods.

我们应该把权力还给社区和人民，让他们在自己社区的重要问题上有发言权。5. Every morning the chickens flocked from all corners of the yard and 6) made a racket loud enough to be heard in the village.

每天早晨，鸡群从院子的各个角落蜂拥而至，发出的叫声足以在村子里听到。6. In the movie, Anne was a bright and charming teenager, and her parents believed she 7)was destined to become a great writer.

在电影中，安妮是一个聪明迷人的少年，她的父母相信她注定会成为一个伟大的作家。

7. John arrived late for the baseball game because he had to 8)run errands for his mom in the morning to the grocery store and the post office.

约翰棒球比赛迟到了，因为他早上得替他妈妈跑腿去杂货店和邮局。

8. After her husband lost his job as a taxi driver two years ago, the family 9)has scraped by on her small earnings from housekeeping jobs.

两年前她丈夫失去了出租车司机的工作后，家里人靠家务活勉强度日

新视野大学英语读写教程__第三册(vocabulary答案+翻译)

第一单元Section A 1、with his index finger, Patterson pointed toward a plan color-coded box beneath a long wooden table.他的食指向帕特森表示计划颜色盒长的木头桌子下面。 2、He disguised himself as a waiter and watched what was going on around. 他把自己伪装成一个服务员看着周围发生了什么事情。 3、He often whistles a tune during the morning tea break when his boss is not around. 他经常口哨曲子在上午茶休息的时候，他的老板不在身边。 4、And again she shouted in a high-pitched voice, word by word, with no attempt to restrain herself,“I cannon stand any more. 她又喊高音，一字一句，没有试图克制自己，“我炮忍受。 5、There were certain people in that room, like perter and John, who had failed to grasp what I was saying. 这个房间一定的人，像彼得和约翰，谁没有明白我在说什么。 6、During that time I was overwhelmed with longing for those innocent days of early childhood. 那段时间我不胜向往纯真的童年时光。 7、I’m just praying that the board of directors will take steps before it is too late. 我只是祈祷，董事会将采取的步骤之前，已经太晚了。 8、She was the director’s faithful assistant in whom he could have absolute confidence. 她是导演的忠实助手在他可以有绝对的信心。 9、These developers pledge to build low-income housing units when the supply of affordable housing for poor people continues to shrink. 这些开发商承诺建立低收入住房单位时，穷人的经适房供应继续缩小。 10、People have been mobilized to build defenses and drain f looded lad as heavy rains continue to fall.人有被动员起来，建立防御和排水淹水的小伙子暴雨持续下降。第二单元Section A 1、Church Mill, although of fairly moderate size compared with some of its neighbors, is a delightful two-story building of stone. 教会厂，虽然相当大小适中的一些邻国相比，是一个愉快的两层楼建筑的石头。 2、If your weight remains constant you must be using up all your calories, but if you are gaining weight then some of the calories you consume are being stored as fat. 如果你的体重保持不变，你必须使用你所有的卡路里，但如果你增加体重然后一些你消耗的卡路里作为脂肪存储。 3、I don’t think it advised that Tim be assigned the job since he has no experience.我不想劝提姆是分配工作，因为他没有经验。 4、Meals also have to be modified from their original state so that they will have a beneficial effect on the body. 膳食也必须从它们的原始状态修改，使得它们不会对人体具有有益的效果。 5、His face was very red, which was a clear evidence of his fever. 他的脸很红，这是他发烧的明确的证据。 6、Families with children tend to be restricted as to when they can take their

新视野大学英语(第三版)读写教程第三册课后答案

Unit 1 TEXT A Language focus Word in use [3] 1.whereby 2. pursuit 3. inhibit 4. maintain 5. patriotic 6. transcend 7. endeavor 8. dedication 9. prestige 10. nominate Word building [4] [5] 1.resultant 2. tolerant 3. pollutants 4. inhabited 5. participants 6. descendants 7. attendants 8. respectful 9. contestants 10. neglectful 11. resourceful 12. boastful Banked cloze [6] 1.eventually 2. premier 3. endeavor 4. bypass 5. handicaps 6. committed 7. attained 8. transcend 9. feats 10. slightest Expressions in use [7] 1. removed from 2. failed in 3. in pursuit of 4. deviated from 5. precluded from 6. triumph over 7. work their way into 8. written off

TEXT B Understanding the text [2] CBADBBCD Language focus Word in use [4] 1.indulge 2. propelled 3.aggravated 4.dazzled 5. alleviated 6.renowned 7.eloquent 8. destined 9.scorns 10. Applause Expression in use [5] 1.up 2.in 3.on 4.up 5.to 6.on 7.as 8.out sentence structure [6] 1.He prefers to start early rather than leave everything to the last minute 2.She prefers to be the boss, to be in charge and to organize others rather than be organized by some whom she may not even rate very highly. 3.My brother prefers to take the whole blame himself rather than allow it to fall on the innocent. [7] 1. Try as he would 2. Search as they would 3. Hard as we work Try as we might Collocation Warm-up 1. repeated 2.overwhelming 3.immense 1.heroic 2.sound 3.substantial 1.attained 2.fueled 3.achieved [8] 1. sudden opportunities 2. immense obstacles 3. amazing determination 4. profound difficulties 5. overwhelming failures 6. poverty-stricken 7. substantial hardship 8. repeated misfortunes 9. sheer persistence 10. dazzle audiences 11. achieve fame 12. strong will

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