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北京市海淀区2020届高考英语完形填空和阅理暑假自练(9)

北京市海淀区2020届高考英语完形填空和阅理暑假自练（9）

阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Wilderness

“In wilderness (荒野) is the preservation of the world. ” This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism. The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection: whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved.

As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out, there is a strong appeal in images of the wild, the untouched; more than anything else, they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly. The urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong, and the danger exploitation (开发) brings to such landscapes (景观) is real. Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans need—the rainforests, for example, store carbon in vast quantities. To Mr. Sauven, these “ecosystem services”far outweigh the gains from exploitation.

Lee Lane, a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute, takes the opposing view. He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services, such as water conservation. But that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human presence, or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation. There are ever more people on the Earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for survival. While the ways of using resources have improved, there is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in abundance. If they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide, the argument goes, there is no

further reason not to do so. Being untouched is not, in itself, a characteristic worth valuing above all others.

I look forward to seeing these views taken further, and to their being challenged by the other participants. One challenge that suggests itself to me is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly. And there is a practical question as to whether wildernesse s can be exploited without harm.

This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings, but also the guidance of reason. What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking.

1. John Sauven holds that .

A. many people value nature too much

B. exploitation of wildernesses is harmful

C. wildernesses provide humans with necessities

D. the urge to develop the ecosystem services is strong

2. What is the main idea of Para. 3?

A. The exploitation is necessary for the poor people.

B. Wildernesses cannot guarantee better use of raw materials.

C. Useful services of wildernesses are not the reason for no exploitation.

D. All the characteristics concerning the exploitation should be treated equally.

3. What is t he author’s attitude towards this debate?

A. Objective.

B. Disapproving.

C. Sceptical.

D. Optimistic.

4. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub- point(次要点) C: Conclusion 【参考答案】1—4、BCAD

【山东省潍坊市2020高考英语一模试题】

完形填空。阅读下列短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

There are many taxi drivers in our city．They often like to chat with passengers to 11 time when the taxis are caught in traffic jams．The other day，I went home by taxi．Knowing I was a student，the driver told me that he was once a student twenty years ago．12 ，his family could not afford the school fees，so he dropped out of school at an early age．He 13 me to work hard and go to a good college．I was moved by his kindness，but what really

impressed me next was his 14 ．After arriving home，I soon realized that I had 15 my cell phone in the taxi．Greatly worried，I immediately called my number，16 the driver would answer．Then came the driver's 17 from tlle other end．He told me he had been 18 my call and that he would gladly return my phone where he dropped me off earlier that day．Thanks to the driver，I got my phone 19 ．I believe honesty is one of the greatest 20 a person should have．Thank you ever so much，Mr．Taxi driver．

11．A．have B．kill C．spend D．1ive 12．A．Unfortunately B．Unusually C．Absolutely D．Accurately 13．A．persuaded B．ordered C．required D．encouraged 14．A．modesty B．ability C．honesty D．security 15．A．forgotten B．placed C．left D．dropped 16．A．begging B．praying C．thinking D．saying 17．A．whisper B．noise C．sound D．voice 18．A．making B．expecting C．refusing D．fearing 19．A．over B．through C．back D．across 20．A．advantages B．achievements C．qualities D．images

【参考答案】11—20、BADCC BDBCC

第1模块完形填空模块导读（5）

探究点四句子、句组和语篇的层次

完形填空题设空的答案有的由一个句子决定，有的由相邻不远的一组句子决定，还有的由语篇内容综合决定。因此，完形填空设空分为句子层次、句组层次和语篇层次。设空的难度，从句子层次到句组层次，再到语篇层次，依次递增。

1．句子层次

完形填空的设空答案由一个句子决定。其所提供的四个选项往往在语法上都能

成立，但从语境来看，却只有一个选项是最合适的。

例1 I could hardly wait for him to open up his gift. In fact, I barely slept the night before. Upon awakening, I went to the kitchen to ________ the coffee, tea and morning goodies.

A．start B．Cook C．set D．serve

【解析】 A cook(烹调)与后面的宾语coffee和tea不搭配，它可以与breakfast 搭配；set(摆放)，serve(端饭菜)都必须有服务对象，通过对全段的理解可知我一早就去厨房，此时家里其他人都还没起床； start(开始动手)正说明一开始的情况。

例2 For hours, the secretary took no notice of them, hoping that the couple would finally become ________ and go away.

A．surprised B．disappointed C．worried D．troubled

【解析】 B 根据句子中的took no notice和go away可以判断出答案。

例3 I would go to the pile of letters marked with “Funny” if we needed a“________”， or...

A．Cry B．Laugh C．Chat D．Sigh

【解析】 B 根据“Funny”可以判断出答案。

2．句组层次

完形填空题有的设空仅仅根据一个句子往往解决不了问题，必须联系上下句，甚至更多的句子才能得出答案。有的试题需要考生越过句子，甚至是段落来进行理解和推断。句组层次的题型，比句子层次的在难度上提高了。

例4 And they asked why I would risk everything for a dream. I made my __1__ to start my own company and leave my secure position after __2__ a regional

sales meeting. The vicepresident of our company delivered a __3__ that changed my life. He asked us, “If a god would offer you three wishes, what would they be？” After giving us a moment to write down the three wishes, he then asked us, “Why do you need a god？” I would never forget the power I felt at that moment.

1．A. plan B．Promise C．decision D．mind

2．A. attending B．Joining C．entering D．holding

3．A. newspaper B．Book C．report D．speech

【解析】 1.C 从空后的to start my own company and leave my secure(无忧无虑的) position我们知道这是作者作出的“决定”。

2．A 从空后的a regional sales meeting 我们知道作者是参加会议。

3．D 从He asked us, “If a god would offer you three wishes, what would they be？”以及后文我们知道，他作的是一个“演讲”，而不是作报告。

3．语篇层次

完形填空的设空答案若从单句或局部来分析，所给的四个答案在语法或结构上都是正确的，若统观全篇，则只有一个是正确的。语篇层次是完形填空命题的较高层次，这个层次的题难度较大，做题时需要具备很强的阅读理解能力以及逻辑推理、分析判断的能力。

例5

Dear Laura，

I just heard you tell an old story of gift giving and unselfish love in your program.You doubted that such unselfish love would happen in today’s world.Well, I’m here to give you ________ .

...

So I wanted you to know, that kind of love still exists and lives even in the ever changing world of me, me, me! I thought you’d love to share this story.

A．hope B．Advice C．support D．courage

Yours，

Hilary

【解析】 A You doubted that such unselfish love would happen in today’s world.这句话正体现作者要说明的中心是unselfish love(无私的爱), 而信的结尾又作了肯定回答that kind of love still exists and lives even in the everchanging world of me, me, me！首尾呼应，中心明确。把握住这个中心，对选出正确选项极有帮助。本小题在第一段中体现出对全文的概括，文中的you持怀疑态度，作者当然不可能support(支持)、courage(鼓励)；advice(劝告)是在对方没主意的情况下发出的；hope(希望)正是针对怀疑而来，作者在下文中用事实给you以“希望”，打消you的怀疑。

例6 Four students from Burlington College of Higher Education are in the bell tower of the________ and have made up their minds to ring the bells non-stop for two weeks as a protest against heavy trucks which run day and night through the narrow High Street.

...

“Not really，” she said, “actually we are proper bellringers. I mean we are assistant bellringers for the church...I left the church with the sound of the bells ringing in my ears.”

A．college B．village C．town D．church

【解析】 D 该题答案提示一直到最后(I mean we are assistant bellringers for

the church...I left the church with the sound of the bells ringing in my ears.)才出现，答案选D。

阅读理解。

When milk arrived on the doorstep

When I was a boy growing up in New Jersey in the 1960s, we had a milkman delivering milk to our doorstep. His name was Mr. Basille. He wore a white cap and drove a white truck. As a 5-year-old boy, I couldn't take my eyes off the coin changer fixed to his belt. He noticed this one day during a delivery and gave me a quarter out of his coin changer.

Of course, he delivered more than milk. There was cheese, eggs and so on. If we needed to change our order, my mother would pen a note—“Please add a bottle of buttermilk next delivery”—and place it in the box along with the empty bottles. And then, the buttermilk would magically (魔术般) appear.

All of this was about more than convenience. There existed a close relationship between families and their milkmen. Mr.Basille even had a key to our house, for those times when it was so cold outside that we put the box indoors, so that the milk wouldn't freeze. And I remember Mr. Basille from time to time taking a break at our kitchen table, having a cup of tea and telling stories about his delivery.

There is sadly no home milk delivery today. Big companies allowed the production of cheaper milk, thus making it difficult for milkmen to compete. Besides, milk is for sale everywhere, and it may just not have been practical to have a delivery service.

Recently, an old milk box in the countryside I saw brought back my ch ildhood memories. I took it home and planted it on the back porch (门廊). Every so often my son's friends will ask what it is. So I start telling stories of my

boyhood, and of the milkman who brought us friendship along with his milk. 本文讲述了自己小时候与送奶人之间的故事。Basille先生不仅是送奶的，而且和他的家人建立了密切的关系。现在大公司开始大量生产奶，到处都有卖奶的，因此不再需要送奶服务，但作者很怀念以前的事情。

1．Mr. Basille gave the boy a quarter out of his coin changer ________. A．to show his magical power B．to pay for the delivery

C．to satisfy his curiosity D．to please his mother

答案：C。推理判断题。由短文第一段最后两句话可知：“我一直盯着他腰带上的钱包，当Basille注意到这一点时，从里面拿了一枚硬币给了我”。由此可知，是为了满足我的好奇心。

2．What can be inferred from the fact that the milkman had the key to the boy's house?

A．He wanted to have tea there. B．He was a respectable person. C．He was treated as a family member. D．He was fully trusted by the family. 答案：D。推理判断题。由短文第三段可知，我们与送奶人有密切的关系，他有我们家的钥匙，并不时来我们家休息、聊天、讲故事。由此可推断我们一家人非常信任他。3．Why does home milk delivery no longer exist?

A．Nobody wants to be a milkman now.

B．It has been driven out of the market.

C．Its service is getting poor.

D．It is forbidden by law.

答案：B。推理判断题。由短文倒数第二段可知，由于大公司生产大量的廉价奶，人们到处都可以买到，不再需要送奶的。由此可知送奶业被挤出的市场。

4．Why did the author bring back home an old milk box?

A．He missed the good old days. B．He wanted to tell interesting stories.

C．He needed it for his milk bottles. D．He planted flowers in it.

答案：A。细节理解题。由短文最后一段可知，旧奶箱使他回想起来童年时代的记忆，

因此他把这个旧奶箱带回家。由此可知，他想念过去的美好日子。

(完整版)2016年全国高考英语试卷之完形填空总汇及解析

新课标Ⅰ卷第一节完形填空（共20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分30 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Heroic Driver Larry works with Transport Drivers. Inc. One morning in 2009. Larry was __41__along 165 north after delivering to one of his 42 . Suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on. 43 he got closer, he found 44 vehicle upside down on the road. One more look and he noticed 45 shooting out from under the 46 vehicle. Larry pulled over, set the brake and 47 the fire extinguisher (灭火器). Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out. The man who had his bright lights on 48 and told Larry he had 49 an emergency call. They 50 heard a woman’s voice coming from the wrecked (毁坏的) vehicle. 51 the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window. They told her to stay 52 until the emergency personnel arrived, 53 she thought the car was going to 54 . Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move 55 she injured her neck. Once fire and emergency people arrive, Larry and the other man 56 and let them go to work. Then, Larry asked the 57 if he was needed or 58 to go. They let him and the other man go. One thing is 59 —Larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle! His 60 most likely saved the woman’s life. 41. A. walking B. touring C．traveling D．rushing 42. A. passengers B. colleagues C. employers D. customers 43. A. Since B. Although C. As D. If 44. A. each B. another C. that D. his 45. A. flames B. smoke C. water D. steam 46. A. used B. disabled C. removed D. abandoned

历届高考英语完形填空全国卷

高考完形填空专项训练步步高抓好三方面●跨好三大步●做好三结合 ------谈完形填空解题技巧中学生在做完形填空题时存在的问题，概括起来有以下三方面： 1.不善于抓文章的主旨大意，并以此为中心展开对整篇文章的推理、判断，导致理解上出现偏差，甚至和文章的中心相悻。 2.容易受定势思维的影响，对文意分析不透，忽视特定语境中知识的运用。 3.对完形填空题怀有厌倦、畏惧心理，以至做题时处于应付状态，做题能力得不到提高。那么，怎样才能提高做完形填空题的能力呢？我们应从以下三方面入手训练思维能力和解题技巧：抓准主旨、透析文意、理清逻辑。并在做题过程中把这三方面与做完形填空的三大步骤“通读、精读、复读”有机结合，明确每步的思维主攻方向。即抓好三方面，跨好三大步，做好三结合。一、通读短文抓主旨一般情况下，完形填空短文都不给标题，不容易把握文章的主题和大意。但短文首句通常不设空格，这就为我们窥视文章全貌提供了一个窗口，而尾句往往是文章的总结、结论或点睛之笔，所以抓住开篇启示作用的首句和总结概括性的尾句是必要的。借助于首尾句给予的启示，克服不良心理的影响，满怀信心，全神贯注，目光越过空格，注意能体现文章大意的关键词句，尽力从整体上理解短文大意，这是逐空填词的重要依据和基础。如果一开始就忙于见空填空，势必无法从整体上把握全文概要，无法形成连贯的思路，只见树木不见森林，理解偏离文章的中心，造成顾，此失彼的错误，甚至影响做题速度。抓住了文章的主旨大意后，我们围绕主旨大意去阅读、预测、推理、判断，往往会收到事半功倍的效果。尤其是一些干扰性强，容易使人犯想当然错误的选项就会迎刃而解。二、精读短文析文意在基本抓住文章的主旨后，应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境做深人的理解，克服“定势思维”，根据全文大意和词不离句，句不离文的原则，逐项填空。切不可以单纯的词汇辨析或语法角度去做题，而应以能否恰如其分地表达文意作为选择最佳答案的唯一标准。要吃透文意，理解到位，我们应做到以下几点： 1.从上下文的角度考虑，注意其内在联系。就题论题，断章取义，忽视上下文的信息提示是我们常犯的错误。因此我们在做题时要注重暗含的信息提示，找准突破口，确保文意畅通。 2.从词汇意义及用法、惯用法和搭配的角度去考虑，准确判断。NMET完形填空题中考查词汇意义及用法、惯用法和搭配的题目逐年增多，必须结合上下文把握文意，研读

高考英语全国卷分类汇编-2009-2016-完型填空

2009-2016 年全国卷分类汇编之完型填空 2016年全国新课标 1 A Heroic Driver Larry works with Transport Drivers. Inc. One morning in 2009. Larry was __41__along 165 north after delivering to one of his 42 . Suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on. 43 he got closer, he found 44 vehicle upside down on the road. One more look and he 41. A. walking B. touring C．traveling D．rushing 42. A. passengers B. colleagues C. employers D. customers 43. A. Since B. Although C. As D. If 44. A. each B. another C. that D. his 45. A. flames B. smoke C. water D. steam 46. A. used B. disabled C. removed D. abandoned noticed 45 shooting out from under the 46 vehicle. Larry pulled over, set the brake and 47 the fire extinguisher (灭火器). Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out. The man who had his bright lights on 48 and told Larry he had 49 an emergency call. They 50 heard a woman‘s voice coming from the wrecked ( 毁坏的) vehicle. 51 the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window. They told her to stay 52 until the emergency personnel arrived, 53 she thought the car was going to 54 . Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move 55 she injured her neck. Once fire and emergency people arrive, Larry and the other man 56 and let them go to work. Then, Larry asked the 57 if he was needed or 58 to go. They let him and the other man go. One thing is 59 Larry went above and beyond the call of —47. A. got hold of B. prepared C. took charge of D. controlled 48. A. came down B. came through C. came in D. came over 49. A. returned B. received C. made D. confirmed 50. A. then B. again C. finally D. even 51. A. Starting B. Parking C. Passing D. Approaching 52. A. quiet B. still C. away D. calm 53. A. for B. so C. and D. but 54. A. explode B. slip away C. fall apart D. crash 55. A. as if B. unless C. in case D. after 56. A. stepped forward B. backed off C. moved on D. set out 57. A. woman B. police C. man D. driver 58. A. forbidden B. ready C. asked D. free 59. A. for certain B. for consideration C. reported D. checked 60. A. patience B. skills C. efforts D. promise duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle! His 60 most likely saved the woman ‘s life. 完型1

高考英语完形填空考试解题三大角度

高考英语完形填空考试解题三大角度完形填空题型有着极为深远的理论背景。在19世纪物理学重大发现“场理论”的启发下，德国心理学家柯勒等人提出了“格式塔心理学”，强调人类认知过程中的宏观性和整体性。1953年，美国语言学家Wilson Taylor基于上述理论，首次提出完形填空这种题型，旨在测试考生利用已知信息恢复不完整语言材料的自然倾向强度，进而考查考生的语言能力。作为选拔性考试，高考必须具有较高信度、效度和必要的区分度以及一定的难度。完形填空的重点在于综合考查考生的词汇和语法等基础知识以及阅读和写作等语言运用能力，正好满足了高考的需求。自从1987年首次出现在高考英语试卷中以来，完形填空题型历来都属于高考英语中能力要求最高、试题难度最大的一类题型。

研究历年的各套高考完形填空题，可以从具体的题目之中看出该题型中若干对我们解题非常有帮助的共同特点：一、从所选文章的角度体裁上，以叙为主，叙议结合。高考完形填空题的选材多为具有一定故事情节的记叙文或是叙议结合、以叙为主、富有哲理的论说文，这是和高考考生的语言水平紧密结合的。高考是各级各类英语测试中相对较简单的一种，因而采取了常见体裁中较简单的记叙文作为题目载体。因此，短文一般按照时间线索行文，内部逻辑清晰层次分明。题材上，选用真实世界中的语言材料，考查考生使用语言进行信息获取和社会交际的能力，对心理问题、校园生活、奇闻轶事等热点话题继续关注，并兼顾高考的公平性原则，不涉及特定地域或人群色彩较浓的不具有一般性的话题。

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北京市海淀区2020届高考英语 完形填空和阅理暑假自练(9)