听写文本

1.Salt

We do not know when men first began to use salt. But we do know that it has been used in many different ways throughout history. Historical evidence shows, for example, that people who lived over 3000 years ago ate salted fish. Thousands of years ago in Egypt, salt was used to preserve the dead.

Stealing salt was considered a major crime during some periods of history.

In 18th century for instance, if a person was caught stealing salt, he can be put in jail. History records that about 10,000 people were put in jail during that century for stealing salt. About 150 years before, in the year 1553, taking more salt than one was allowed to was punishable as a crime, the offender's ear was cut off. Salt was an important item on the table of royalty.

It was traditionally placed in front of the king when he sat down to eat.

Important guests at the king's table were seated near the salt. Less important guest were given seats farther away from it.

2.Perceptions

Ask three people to look out of the same window at a busy street and tell you what they see. Probably, you will receive three different answers. Each person sees the same thing, but each perceives something different about it.

Perceiving goes in our minds. Of the three people who look out of the window, one may say that he sees a policeman giving a driver a ticket, another may say that he sees a rush-hour traffic jam at the street corner, the third may tell you that he sees a woman trying to cross the street with 4 children. For perception, is the mind's interpretation of what are the senses, in this case our eyes tell us. Many psychologists today are working to try to explain just how a person experiences or perceives the world around him. Using a scientific method, the psychologists set up experiments. They are trying to find out what makes different people perceive totally different things about the same thing.

3.Balloons

Balloons have been used for sport for about 100 years. There are two kinds of sport balloons, gas and hot-air. Hot-air balloons are safer than gas balloons, which may catch fire. Hot-air balloons are preferred by most balloonists in the United States because of their safty. They are also cheaper and easier to manage than gas balloons. Despite the ease of operating a balloon, pilots must watch the weather carefully. Sport balloon flights are best early in the morning or late in the afternoon when the wind is late. Over the years, balloonists have tried unsuccessfully to cross the Atlantic. It wasn't untill 1978, that three American balloonists succeeded. It took them just 6 days to make the trip, from their homes in the United State to Paris,

France. Their voyage captured the imagination of the whole world.

4.You found a job, now how do you save money

Saving your hard-earned money can be difficult. As most of us enjoy spending rather than saving. I certainly had a tough time holding on to my money every payday. When I got my first few pay checks, right away I spend the cold hard cash I'd earned by hard work. But I quickly realized that this sort of spending wouldn't really help me get the things I wanted. So I made

a pact with myself. I promise that before I did anything with the money, I

would deposit at least 50% of the money into my savings account. That way,

I eliminated the temptation to spend that money. After I got used to saving

my money, it was much easier for me not to be tempted to buy things when

I saw them. When I saw a CD, or video game that looked appealing, I learn

to ask myself, "Do I really need this?" Asking this question helped me appreciate my money, and not let it slip out of my wallet quite so fast.

5.On-line health form

There are many aspects to health, illness and healing. Among all the teachings there's one thing that is universal to them all. And that is the unquestionable benefit achieved by communicating with others about health and its related issues. It is with the single philosophy in mind that we have developed this site as a form for communication. Dealing with a medical concern is often difficult. Connecting with others who are going through the same thing can make a world of difference. Our mission is to develop on-line communities to help you make those connections. You can post questions, comments, and respond to messages from others. We've got various topics and we are adding more all the time. If you don't see the topics you are looking for, just let us know, and we will consider our message board for it.

We hope you decide to become a regular participant and help to make this a great results.

Passage 6 Words

How men first learn to invent words is unknown, / in other words, the origin of language is a mystery. / All we really know that is men, unlike animals, / somehow invented certain sounds to express thoughts and feelings, / actions and things, so that they can communicate with each other; / and that later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, / which could be represent those sounds, and which could be written down. / Those sounds, whether spoken or written in letters, we call words. / The power of words, then lies in their associations, / that is, the things they bring up before our minds. / Words become filled with meaning for us by experience; / and the longer we live, the more we reminded of the glad and sad events / of our past by certain words we

read and learn, / the more the number of the words / that means something to us increase. / (149 words)

Passage 7 Teacher-student Relationship

The relationship between a teacher and a student can be either good or bad, helpful or harmful. / Either way, the relationship can affect the student for the rest of his life. / A good teacher-student relationship will make the teacher’s job worthwhile. / A bad relationship can discourage the student from learning / and make teaching an unpleasant task. /

In order to have a good teacher-student relationship, / respect between teacher and student is very important. / If the teacher is too strict, he frightens the student. / If the teacher is too friendly, the student may become lazy and stop lear ning hard. / The teacher’s attitude and approach should be in between those two extremes. / As for the student, his proper respect to the teacher must be shown all the time. / He should be eager to learn and willing to work hard. /

In conclusion, a good teacher-student relationship can be beneficial to both. / The student absorbs knowledge eagerly and enjoyable, / and the teacher gains satisfaction from his work. / (163 words)

Passage 8 Nearsightedness

Weak eyesight is a term that is generally used to refer to nearsighted eyes. / People who are nearsighted can see well at a short range, / but anything very far away is likely to be unclear. / The term “weak eyesight” is misleading, / for in nearsighted eyes the lens of the eye is actually too strong. / The nearsighted lens is so powerful that it focuses the light coming onto the eye so quickly. / Nearsightedness is common, and its growth may be graded; / often the unclearness of distant object is so slight at first / that a person may not recognize the condition. /

Nearsightedness is frequently discovered first at school. / It is here that a student first realizes the difficulty of seeing words on the blackboard, / whereas others in the class have no trouble reading the blackboard at all. / After discovery, nearsightedness can easily be corrected. / You just needs a pair of glasses / which can decrease the power of the lens of the eye. / (161 words) Passage 9 Rice Cooking

Rice is very much under appreciated in the United States. / With the exception of Asian cooking, / rice is usually a side dish or combined with other ingredients. / Rice is very nutritious, low cost and easy-to prepare food. / There are different

types of rice available and the cooking time varies by type of rice. / Follow the package instructions for the amount of liquid necessary and the cooking times. / Both vary for each type of rice. / Regular white rice has been milled / to remove the hull comes in long, medium and short grains. / Long grained rice is the best for all-purpose use. / Brown rice has a pleasant nutty flavor and a firmer texture. / While white rice is cooked in about 15 minutes, / brown rice takes 45 to 50 minutes to cook. / When cooking rice do not be concerned if you have cooked rice left over. / There are some excellent recipes, which use cooked rice. / (151 words)

Passage 10 First Sign of AIDS

The virus causing AIDS enters the blood and quickly penetrates certain white cells in the body. / At first there is often little or no trace of the virus at all. / This situation usually lasts for six to twelve weeks. / During this time the person is free of symptoms / and antibody tests are negative. / The first thing that happens after infection / is that many people develop a flue-like illness. / This may be severe enough to look like glandular fever / with swollen glands in the neck and armpits, / tiredness, fever and night sweats. / Some of those white cells are dying, / virus is being released, / and for the first time the body is working hard to make correct antibodies. / At this stage the blood test will usually become positive. / Most people do not realize what is happening, / although when they later develop AIDS they look back / and remember it clearly. / Most people have produce antibodies in about twelve weeks.

Passage 11 The Library of Congress

The Library of Congress is the national library of the United States. / It was founded in 1800 to serve the needs of the congressmen. / Today, it contains books, articles and documents on every subject imaginable. / Besides senators, congressmen and other government officials, / it serves libraries, researchers, artists and scientists throughout the country and the world. /

The Library is one of the largest libraries in the world. / It has a collection of 74 million items which are housed in three buildings. / The bookshelves stretch for 350 miles. / Of the 18 million books, more than half are in languages other than English. /

The main reading room is a great hall of marble pillars. / It is the center of activity in the library. / There is a computer catalog center with six terminals for quick access to information. / For greater speed and efficiency, / the library has installed an electric book –carrying system / that carries books from one building to another in only a few seconds. / (160 words)

Passage 12 A Car Soccer Race

American football is different from the European football / and some people think that it is better. / Now there’s a new kind of football or soccer which is played in America. / It’s called car soccer. / The players drive small cars, which are called Beetles. / The players try to catch the ball in their cars. / The cars are protected all since they often crash into each other. / The ball is larger than the usual one and the players are protected, too. / In 1985, the First European car soccer match took place in West Germany. / Teams from some countries in European played in the match. / The Beetles raced around the ground madly / while the spectators shouted “The ball is behind you”. / When the match end ed, three cars had been crashed into pieces. / And the players as well as many of the spectators were badly hurt and had to be taken to hospital. / Will this car soccer become as popular as football? I doubt. / (160 words)

Passage 13 Changes of Family Life

The concept of family life has changed considerably over the years. / In earliest times, several generations lived together in clans, / which consisted of all living descendents and their husbands or wives. / These clans were almost totally self-sufficient, / every member contributing in some way toward the survival of the group. / The men hunted and fished for food or sometimes maintained flocks of sheep or goats. / The women baked bread and roasted the meat their men provided. / Special members of the community were selected to make products like pottery, baskets and home weapons. / But with the development of greater varieties of food, clothing and shelter, / a single clan could no longer develop all the individual skills the group required. / Clans merged into larger societies and at the same time broke into smaller units consisting of married couples and their children. / Later the Industrial Revolution brought about even more important changes in family life. / New inventions brought shorter working hours for men and easier housekeeping routines for women. / Today a productive family life suggests not the group’s cooperative efforts of working together, / but the pleasant and meaningful sharing of its leisure. / (185 words)

Passage 14 Vitamins

It was not until the beginning of this century that it was recognized / that certain substances were essential in the diet to prevent or cure some diseases. / These substances are now known as vitamins. / They are vital for growth, good health, / and maintenance of the normal functions of the body. / A well-balanced diet should provide all the vitamins we normally require. / Those of us who are fortunate enough to be able to buy sufficient food / should not suffer from vitamin deficiency. / However, for various reasons, / some people do not maintain a balanced diet. / People often lose their appetite because of illness. / People living alone may not bother to eat proper meals, / and people on a diet

may not eat sufficient quantities of necessary foods. / Moreover, modern methods of preserving, freezing, and long-term storage of food, / together with overcooking, can destroy many of the vitamins. / (145 words)

Passage 15 Comets

In recent years scientists’ investigation of comets has increased / because of growing interest in the origin of the sun and planets. / Scientists want to learn how comets are formed. / They think that such information will help explain the origin of the solar system. / The word “comet” comes from Greek and means “hairy object”. / In history comets have a special place. / People believed that they brought news of death, destruction or military victories. / The tails of comets provide viewers with spectacular sights at night. / Comet tails are millions of kilometers long. / The tails frequently reach lengths of 250 million kilometers and more. / The most famous comet of history is called Halley’s Comet, which appears every 76 years. / It was named for Edward Halley, a British astronomer. / He predicted the appearance of the comet in 1758, 16 ye ars after his death. / Halley’s Comet is extremely bright and has two tails. / In the 20th century it returned in 1910 and 1986. /

Passage 16 Mobile Phone Etiquette

The mobile phone has created a new way of life. / It gives us the opportunity to reach people when and wherever we like. / But when mobile phones become as commonplace as wristwatches, / it seems they are creating embarrassing situations. / People let their phones ring in restaurants, theaters or business meetings. / People loudly discuss very personal issues over their phones while strangers are around them. / People spend all their time in the presence of friends / paying more attention to those at the other end of their mobile phones. / By now, everyone knows that mobile phone etiquette is a real problem. / These are tips for being a good mobile citizen. / Firstly, remember to check your phone is off at activities. / Secondly, respect the people around you when you make or take calls in public. / Thirdly, don’t answer your cell phone while tal king with another person / unless that phone call is more important than the person you are with. / Follow these rules and you’ll be a responsible mobile phone user by being considerate to others.

Passage 17 Reduce, Reuse and Recycle

In recent years there has been an increase awareness of the importance of recycling. / The three Rs to keep in mind / for a cleaner environment are: reduce, reuse, and recycle. / Reducing is the best way to protect the environment. / However, if you can’t reduce something, reuse it and if you can’t reuse it, recycle it. / Reducing waste means shopping with the environment in mind. / Consider the environmental impact of each product before you buy it. / Make a list of what you need before you go shopping; / this will reduce impulse buying. /

Avoid buying things that can’t be recycled. / Learning to reuse is easy after a little practice. / For example, you can reuse shopping bags. / Buy durable, high quality goods for a longer life outside the landfill. / Although durable goods may cost a little more at first, / they will save your money and help save the environment in the long run. / Before throwing anything away, think about how each item can be reused. / (162 words)

Passage 18 Mercy Killing

Some people hold that for patients with painful and terminal disease mercy killing is a solution, / for it will allow them to die a peaceful death and it seems to benefit everybody: / the patients themselves, their relatives, the medical staff, / and the patients who are waiting for hospital beds. / But mercy killing is still a controversial issue. / Those who are strongly against it hold / that the possibility of abuse will expose sick people to all kinds of danger. / At present, many societies and organization have been formed in the world to promote mercy killing / but in no country has it been legalized. / However, in the Netherlands the society and the courts tend to tolerate doctor-assisted suicide / if strict criteria are met. / In 1995 about 2.3% of all Dutch deaths, or 3118 cases, / were attributed to mercy killing by government studies. / A few cases of mercy killing are also reported in the U.S. / although the majority of the public are against it. / (161 words)

Passage 19 Worry

Worry is like blood pressure. / You need a certain level to live, but too much can kill you. / People who worry too much suffer. / For all their hard work, for all their humor and willingness to laugh at themselves, / for all their self-awareness, worries just cannot achieve peace of mind. / Worry is amazingly common. / At least one in four of us – about 65 million Americans / – will meet the criteria for an anxiety disorder at some point in our lifetime. / Even those individuals whose lives are going well / may worry excessively on occasion. / And yet, worry is a very treatable condition. / Most people today are not aware of all that we have learned about worry in the last 50 years. / We’ve come to understand different types of worry and the underlying triggers. / Worry may accompany simple shyness, depression of generalized anxiety disorder. / Each kind of worry responds to specific and powerful techniques. / (151 words)

Passage 20 The Attitude of Gratitude

Thanksgiving Day is a day for giving thanks to family and friends in the United States. / Some people think Thanksgiving is the most important holiday of the year / because they believe the two most important words in the English are “thank you”. / For business success, a “thank you” tells a prospect or partner /

that you are appreciative of what he has just done. / And that means you have an interest in that person / and the business relationship as well. / For social interaction, expressing gratitude is equally important to show / how you value the other person and the social relationship you have with him. / Therefore, “thank you” is a bonding phrase. / Additionally, giving thanks is most important for out own pursuit of happiness. / Whatever you have, you can either appreciate of not. / If you appreciate it and really notice that you have it, it will bring you happiness. / However, if you take it for granted, and focus on things you don’t have, / what you do have won’t bring you happiness. /

Why Some People Are Poor

The poverty line is the minimum income that people need for an acceptable standard of living. People with incomes below the poverty line are considered poor. As the general standard of living rises, the poverty line does, too. Therefore, even with today’s relatively high standard of living, about 10 percent of the people in the United States are below the poverty line. Economists suggest several reasons. For one thing, more than half of the poor people are not qualified to work. By law, children less than 16years old can not work in many industries; many companies do not hire people over 65 years old, which is considered the normal retirement age. Some poor adults do not look for jobs for a variety of personal reasons. Other poor people look for a jod but can’t find one. Many poor adults never went to high school. Therefore, when they look for a jobs, they have few skills that they can offer.

Old Age

Many people mistakenly believe that old age is a time of increased illness and loneliness.In fact, people do not suddenly change when they reach the age of 60 or 65.Consequently,We should not expert more mental illness among the 60 to 70 age group than among the 50 to 60.Furthermore,although more parentsand their married children live in separate households than ever before,this is usually by choice. It is not because children now tend to neglect their parents when they become old.It is also wrong to believe that old age seriously affects a person’s mental abilities.There is clear proof that people who were eager to learn and who welcomed new experiences in their middle age,continue to do so in old age. It is true that older people tend to take longer to learn something new than young people.Nevertheless,if they are given sufficient time,they learn as well as young people do.

Cars in the Future

As big cars cause many problems,such as pollution, shortage of parking space,crowded trfafic,scientists are now trying to design some small cars that may some day replace today’s big automobiles.If more people begin to drive such cars in the future,there will be less air pollution. There will also be more space for parking cars in cities,and the streets will be lesss crowded.Three such cars can fit in the space that is now needed for one car of the usual size. The little cars will cost much less to own and to drive.Driving will be safer as these

cars can go only 60 kilometers per hour. The cars of the future will be fine for driving around the city.However, they will not be suitable for long trips,because these cars by petrol can only go 450 kilometers befor needing to stop for refilling.

Americans

Americans like many people elsewhere in the world like to invite friends to their homes for an evening of food,drink and conversation.Formal dinners in fine homes and hotals in US are much the same as formal dinners anywhere in the world.But as most people in the USA have no servants,their dinner parties at home trend to be informal.Guests may sit down at a table,or as many new small homes have no seperate dining room or very small dining space . Guests can also sever themselves and eat it in the living room holding the place or trays or menus.and more enjoyable entertainment is the picnic .Americans are great picnics.and almost every family has a picnic basket.some invitations are often for a picnic at a park or in the open countryside,and less hamburgers,hot dogs are cooked over a fire.Picnic food is usually cold.

Gardening

Gardening is one of the oldest of the arts./The Chinese with their deep sensitivense to beauty/laid the foundations for a form of garden art/which was later to have great influences upon other lands./The Greeks gave to the world a new concept of gardening./Their homes were decorated with flowers,/but it was in their civic design that they most skillfully applied their garden art./Their temples were surrounded by rows of trees,/and trees lined the important streets and market places in their principal cities./The Romans acquired much of the knowledge and skill in garden craft from Greeks./In the second century AD the Romans began to build gardens of great scale,/inspired by the vast palace gardens they had conquered./They brought water from great distances to supply the ornamental fountains/which decorated their villa gardens./Later these great villas were to inspire the Italian garden architects to follow the Roman style.

How and Why We Sleep?

It's apparent that everyone needs to sleep. However, most people rarely think about how and why they sleep. We know that if we sleep well, we felt rested. If we don't sleep enough, we often felt tired and irritable. It seems there are two purposes of a sleep: physical rest and emotional and psychological rest. We need to rest our bodies and our minds. Both of which are important in order for us to be healthy. Each night we alternative between two kinds of sleep: active sleep and passive sleep.The passive sleep gives our body the rest and prepares us for active sleep，in which dreaming occurs throughout the night, people alternate between passive and active sleep.They bring rests then they becomes active and dreaming occurs. The cycle is repeated several times throughout the night.During eight hours of asleep,people dream for a total of one and a half hours on the average.

Airplane Engines

In 1945, a new type of airplane engine was invented. It was much lighter and more powerful than earlier engines, and enabled warplanes to fly faster and higher than ever. This type of engine was called the jet engine because it belows a large jet of hot air backwards at high speed. The first airplane to use the new jet engine was built in Britain and it began carrying passengers in 1952. It had two jet engines and flew much higher than petrol-engine airplanes. At this height the air is thinner and very cold, and so the airplane can cut through the air more easily. However, the cabin has to be air-conditioned and has to be at normal pressure so that the passengers may eat, read and sleep in comfort. Today all long distance airplanes have jet engines. The modern jet airplanes are very big and can carry hundreds of passengers on two different floors, which makes air travel much cheaper.

United Nations Day

The 24th of October is celebrated as United Day./It is a day that belongs to everyone,/and it is celebrated in most countries of the world./Some countries celebrate for a week instead of a day./In many parts of the world,schools have special programmes for the day./Boys and girls in some communities decorate a UN tree./In other communities,young people put on plays about the UN./Some libraries exhibit children's art works from around the world./Schools celebrate with the songs and dances of other countries,/or give parities where foods of other countiries are served./No matter how the day is celebrated,/the purpose of these celebration is to help everyone understand the UN/ and the important roles it plays in world affairs.The UN encourages people to learn about other lands and their customs./In this way,people can gain a better understanding and appreciation of peoples all over the world.

The Railways in Britain

The success of early railways, such as the lines between big cities, led to a great increase in railway building in Victorian times. Between 1835 and 1865 about 25,000 kilometres of track were built, and over 100 railway companies were created.Railway travel transformed people's lives. Trains were first designed to carry goods. However, a law in the 19th century forced railway companies to run one cheap train a day which stopped at every station and cost only a penny a mile. Soon working class passengers found they could afford to travel by rail. Cheap Day Excursion trains became popular and seaside resorts grew rapidly.The railways also provided thousands of new jobs: building carriages, running the railways and repairing the tracks.Railways even changed the time. The need to run the railways on time meant that local time was abolished and the clocks showed the same time all over the country

每日作业(一年级)

今日家作：9月11日 1.将新书包好书皮。 2.在家静座10分钟。 1 a,o,e,各写一行，注意书写规范，工整，一个田字格对应写一个拼音。每行写7个。 2将韵母a,o,e带声调读十遍，可打乱顺序 3背《声调歌》：一声平，二声扬，三声拐弯，四声降 4每天课外阅读故事书20分钟 注：俞腾翔，朱逸凡，凌健，赵家宏，钟宇洋，杨雨霖，毛雅琳，陈善樟，以上小朋友需加强练写自己的名字 ★温馨提示：请家长每天在家用红笔批改好当天的家庭作业，并签上孩子的表现或家长的意见，并保管好这个家校联系本，等到期末时，要将每个孩子的家校联系本收上来，再评比出“作业整洁小明星”奖状。 将今天发下的新书用宽透明胶贴好，外面再包个书皮。 2013年9月12日家作： 语文：将单韵母a,o,e,，带上调各写两个，如：āāááǎǎàà写完后放声读五遍。2.家长打乱顺序指一个，孩子读一个。3.把语文书第6-7页的图画编个故事说给家长听。

1. 将单韵母i u ü、声母y w各写一行。 2. 背单韵母歌。（单韵母六兄弟a o e i u ü,a是老大，ü是小弟） 3. 试着复述故事《助人为乐的大y》，明白yi wu yu 是整体认读音节，不能拼读，小ü碰到大y，擦掉眼泪还读ü的音。 4. 预习第三课，看故事书二十分钟。 2 īíǐìūúǔùǖǘǚǜ各写两个 3 和家长一起阅读《字词句篇》，读一读，记一记，完成课后练习 数学：10以内的加减口算20题 9月13日家作： 1 新发的语文基础训练用书皮包好，完成第1面的1到3题，第二面的1到3题 2 整体认读音节yi wu yu 及其变调各写一行 格式：例yi yīyíyǐyì 3 大声朗读P6-9页的内容3遍，家长打乱顺序指一个，学生读一个，要求非常熟练、快速读音。有拼音卡的可以和孩子玩读卡游戏，尤其是带声调的字母，这两天一定多练习）。 4.每天看课外书至少二十分钟。

专四听写文本

1. Teaching and Learning Teaching is supposed to be a professional activity requiring long and complicated training as well as official certification. The act of teaching is looked upon as a flow of knowledge from a higher source to an empty container. The student’s role is one of receiving information, while the teacher’s is one of sending it. There is a clear distinction assumed between one who is supposed to know and another, usually, younger person who is supposed not to know. However, teaching needn’t be a province of a sp ecial group of people nor need it looked upon as a technical skill .Teaching can be more like guiding and assisting than forcing information into a supposedly empty head. If you have a certain skill, you should be able to share it with someone. You don’t h ave to get certified to convey what you know to someone else or to help them in their attempts to teach themselves. 2. Comets In recent years, scientists’ investigation of comet has increased because of a growing interest in the origin of the sun and planets. Scientists want to learn how comets are formed. They think such information will help to explain the origin of the solar system. The word “comet” comes from Greek and means “hairy object”. In history comets have a special place. People believed that they brought

英语专业四级TEM4听力听写原文1993—2013

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