高英unit 1知识点

1．Type of Writing

?description (of place) developed by space

Description: A description is painting a picture in words of a person, place, object, or scene.

A description essay is generally developed through sensory details, or the impressions of one’s senses --- sight, hearing, taste, smell and touch.

2．Part one (para.1)--General atmosphere

Part one(para.2--4)----Cloth-market

Part three(para.5---para.7)----copper-smith market as well as other six markets Part four (para.8&9)-----the linseed oil mill

3．General atmostphere

Aged:

back hundreds—even thousands of years

Gothic-arched gateway---aged brick and stone

Crowded & narrow:

cavern

thread their way

among the throngs of people

roadway is narrowed by little stalls

Noisy:

tinkling bells of donkeys

stall-holders crying their wares

donkey-boys and porters shouting to clear a way

purchasers arguing and bargaining

4.nouns, adjectives and even adverbs used as verbs or words with dual part of speech:

thread, round, narrow, price, live, cavern, arch, din, line, stroke, honeycomb, trickle, pulp, tower and dwarf……

5.Figure of speech:(修辞格）

a. Metaphor:

dark cavern, fairyland, maze, honeycomb, etc

b. Personification: a figure that endows objects, animals, ideas, or abstractions with human form, character, or sensibility,

The Middle Easter bazaar takes you...

dancing flashes

The beam sinks…taut and protesting

c. Hyperbole: a device of comparison using exaggeration or obvious overstatement

?takes you ...hundreds even thousands of years

?every conceivable

?innumerable lamps

?incredibly young

?with the dust of centuries

d. Onomatopoeia: words imitating the sounds associated with the thing concerned Tinkling ,. Banging, clashing, creak ,groan , rumble , grunt……

摩托车噗噗地驶过人群。

Motorcycles put-putted through the crowds.

他躺在床上，听着滴滴答答的钟声。

Lying in bed, he listened to the ticktack of the clock.

工人们卸垃圾时把垃圾桶弄得乒乒作响。

The garbage cans clish-clashed as they unloaded.

e. Metonymy

?Metonymy is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the name of one thing for that of another with which it is closely associated.

?Crown—king

?White house--- american government

?Bottle---wine or alcohol

?Pen--- what the pen writes; books, articles

?When the war was over, he laid down the sword and took up the pen.

?His purse would not allow him that luxury.

?After dinner they usually have a glass or two.

?Great minds think alike.

秃头站在白背心的略略正对面，弯了腰，去研究背心上的文字。

Baldy, standing almost directly opposite White Jerkin, stooped to study the characters written on his jerkin.

Synecdoche:

?When a part is substituted for the whole or the whole is substituted for a part, synecdoche is applied.

?Young people should have more respect for grey hairs.

?The farms were short of hands during the harvest season.

?Germany beat Argentina 2 to 1 in this exciting football match.

f. parallelism

the din of , of, of………

6.Detailed Study of the Text

a.… which extends as far as the eye can see，losing itself in the shadowy distance : in the farthest distance everything becomes obscure, unclear, only dimly visible in the dark surroundings.

一望无际，消失在远处的阴影里

e.g. 在山的那边是一望无际的大草原。

Beyond the mountains, there is a vast grassland that

extends as far as the eye can see.

一条蜿蜒的小路隐没在树荫深处。

A wind path loses itself in the shadowy distance of the

woods.

b. eye

has an eye/ear for (appreciate)

catch one’s eye, in the public eye (well-known)

keep an eye on, (keep watch on )

up to one’s eyes (de eply engaged in )

an eye for an eye (revenge)

turn a blind eye / deaf ear (ignore/neglect)

Posy was eyeing the man thoughtfully .(observe)

?Paraphrase:

?Little donkeys went in and out among the peole and from one side to another

?din: loud, confused noise. The word often suggests unpleasant, disordered mixture of confusing and disturbing sounds.

? E.g.---The din in the theatre stopped when the curtain was raised.

?din sth. into sb./sb.’s ears(叮嘱)

c.Muted:earthern floor---footsteps; mud-brick walls and roof

----echo; shop-keepers & buyers---slow measured tones

?paraphrase: The farther you push / force your way into the bazaar, the lower and softer the noise becomes until finally it disappears. Then you arrive at the cloth market where the sound is hardly audible.

?overwhelm: overcome, control completely and usu. suddenly

?Sorrow overwhelmed the family.

?She was overwhelmed with grief.

?They won an overwhelming victory.

?follow suit: to do the same as someone else has done, to play / to deal the cards of the same suits。

? 1.A set of cards consists of 4 suits.They are hearts, diamonds, spades and clubs. In poker, if someone deals a spade, you follow suit.

? 2.When the others went swimming, I followed suit.

Process of buying:

buyers: move---selecting—pricing---preliminary

bargaining---narrow down their choice----beating

the price down

sellers: price (item) high---yield little---protest---

sacrifice

price the item high and yield little

paraphrase: he will ask for a high price and refuse to cut down the price by any significant amount.

?make a point of / make it a point to: do sth because one considers it important or

necessary, to take particular care of, make extraordinary efforts in, regard or treat as necessary

?I always make a point of checking that all the windows are shut before I go out. I

always made a point of being on time.

?I always make a point of remembering my wife's birthday.

deprive of: take away from

The judge deprived him of his political rights.

The accident deprived him of his sight / hearing.

regard: respect

?Regard is colourless and formal. It usu. requires a modifier to reinforce its meaning

?I hold her in high / low / the greatest regard.

?to have a high / low regard for sb's opinion.

?Steve was not highly regarded in his hometown.

?the customer coming and going at intervals.

?at intervals: happening regularly after equal periods of time

?Trains leave at short intervals.

?The trees were planted beside the road at 50-meters intervals.

Copper-smith market:

the most picturesque and impressive part

(I) sound (onomatopoeia: tinkling, banging,

clashing)

(II) light (dancing flashes, burnished copper,

the red of the live coals, glowing bright and

dimming rhythmically)\

?impinge on (upon): to have influence on, (Here: to strike)

?The strong light impinges on his eyes.

?The noise of the aeroplane overhead impinged on our ears.

?Paraphrase: as you get near it, a variety of sounds begin to strike your ear.

?

?Takes a hand (in sth.): help, play a part in sth.

?Don’t fool around, come and take a hand in the cleaning .

?the red of the live…

?(解释) The light of the burning coal becomes alternately bright and dim (by turns,

one follows the other) as the charcoal burns and dies down, burns again, along with the repeated movements of the bellows.

?一个瘦小的学徒在用一个皮风箱吹着炭火，那风箱被一根绳子系在他的脚趾上----

那燃烧的煤块发出火红的火焰，火光随着风箱的鼓动时而旺盛，时而熄灭（忽明忽暗）。

?Stroke:

?We arrive at the airport on the stroke of six.

六点正点

He felled the tree with one stroke of his beard.

他一斧头就将树砍到。

n./vt.

john likes stroking his beard.

He stroked out your name on the list.

?Profusion of :plenty of , having too great amount

?Varied textures: woven in different ways

?Pungent:sharp, biting smells

?Exotic:not only foreign, but also out of the ordinary, unusual

?Sumptuous is contrasted with humble

(rich&costly) (poor)

?Honeycomb: to fill with holes,cells

?Paraphrase: the streets that pierce the bazaar from all directions and lead towards all directions cut the bazaar into small sections like the honeycomb.

?Translation: 集市里的拱顶街巷如同迷宫一般纵横交错，鳞次栉比的坐落期间的有印染市场，陶器市场和木器市场。

? A door way gives a glimpse of a sunlit courtyard.

?Now and again through the doorway you’ll be able to catch a brief view of the sunlit courtyard.

?Get/ catch a glimpse of sb./sth.

?

?Conclusion

?The other six markets spreading in the bazaar look like a honeycomb/ maze/a set of network, which shows us how narrow the street is.

Impersonal expression

Excitement deprived me of all power of utterance.

我兴奋的说不出话来。

The thick carpet killed the sound of my footsteps.

我走在厚厚的地毯上，一点脚步声也没有。

His disbelief escaped in a short langh.他短促的笑了笑，可以看出他并不相信。

The name had benumbed him again.

听到这个名字，他僵住了。

Translation

榨油工序是由一套摇摇欲坠的机械装置来完成的。该装置由大梁，缆索和滑轮组成的。犹如一座高塔耸立在屋中，上端直与拱形屋顶相接，相形之下，油坊里的骆驼和石磙便显得矮小起来。

Set…in motion: get….going/operating

Throw one’s weight on to : use all one’s strength to pressdown

Blending with:mixed with

Other key words and expressions

Throngs of

Bales of

A trickle of

A flood of

Sepulchral----sepulcher

burnished

Engrave

Delicate

Intricate

Undecorated

Functional

Disdainfully

Motive

Stately

extract

Ramshackle

Revolve

ooze

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