浙江省2016高考英语二轮复习 科普知识阅读理解(4)

科普知识阅读理解（4）

科普知识（阅读理解）由 (2012陕西,C)改编

Eating too much fatty food,exercising too little and smoking can raise your future risk of heart disease.But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately: the air you breathe.

Previous studies have linked high exposure (暴露) to environmental pollution to an increased risk of heart problems,but two analyses now show that poor air quality can lead to heart attack or stroke (中风) within as little as a few hours after exposure.In one review of the research,scientists found that people exposed to high levels of pollutants (污染物) were up to 5% more likely to suffer a heart attack within days of exposure than those with lower exposure.A separate study of stroke patients showed that even air that the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) considers to be of “moderate” (良好) quality and relatively safe for our health can raise the risk of stroke as much as 34% within 12 to 14 hours of exposure.

The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively small for healthy people and certainly modest compared with other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure.However,it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices.So stricter regulation by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health.

1.The text mainly discusses the relationship between .

A.heart problems and air quality

B.heart problems and exercising

C.heart problems and smoking

D.heart problems and fatty food

2.The underlined word “modest” in Paragraph 3 most probably means .

A.relatively high

B.extremely low

C.relatively low

D.extremely high

3.What can we learn from the text?( )

A.Eating fatty food has immediate effects on your heart.

B.The EPA conducted many studies on air quality.

C.Moderate air quality is more harmful than smoking.

D.Stricter regulations on pollutants should be made.

4.The author’s purpose of writing the text is most likely to .

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9f16027507.html,rm

B.persuade

C.describe

D.entertain

语篇解读:本文为说明文,题材为科普知识类,从文章中读者可以得知空气污染也是导致心脏出问题的一个重要因素。

答案及剖析:1.A 主旨大意题。文章第一段的第二句话就已将本文主旨告知:“... there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately:the air you breathe.”故选择A项。

2.C 猜测词义题。文章第三段第一句和第二句主要内容是:虽然空气污染这个因素对于健康人士来说危害相对小,并且相对于其他因素来说空气污染的危害比较低,但是我们不能忽视它。根据上下文句意选择C项。

3.D 推理判断题。根据文章第三段的最后一句“So stricter regulation...may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health.”可知应选择D项。

4.A 主旨大意题。根据全文可以发现,作者希望通过本文告知读者空气污染对心脏有危害,希望大家在关注这一情况的同时注意环境的保护,故选择A项inform告知,通知。B劝说;C 描述;D娱乐。

【长难句子分析】

在关于这项调查的一个述评中,科学家发现,经过几天之后,接触污染物多的人要比接触污染物少的人患心脏病的几率高5%。

在读此句时,有可能因为定语和状语而无法理解句意,因此可将句中的定语和状语画出,留下主要成分:In one review of the research,scientists found that people exposed to high levels of pollutants(污染物) were up to 5% more likely to suffer a heart attack within days of exposure than those with lower exposure.

阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。【2014·山东省泰安市高三第一轮复习质量检测】

The World Bank estimates there are about 650 million mobile phone users in African countries south of the Sahara Desert.That is greater than the number of users in the United States and European Union.

Samia Melhem works for the World Bank to increase information technologies in Africa.She says mobile phones are the fastest growing technology on the continent. “Faster than TV，and definitely faster than electricity.More people have access to mobile phones and therefore communication.More people have Internet access today in Africa than they have access to water，clean water，or even sanitation (卫生设备)．So we can say that this has been the most significant revolution in terms of changing the African landsc ape and how people live their daily life.”

CNN television recently named seven ways of life that have been revolutionized because of mobile phones.They include political activism，education，entertainment，disaster management，agriculture and health.

Another area is banking.Reports say half or more of the adults in Gabon，Kenya and Sudan use mobile money.Rene Mendy sells goods in the streets of Dakar，Senegal.But he never had enough money to open a bank account.

Now he uses a mobile phone banking service called Orange Money.With his telephone，he can add or take out as little as one dollar.He can make payments and send money to family members who live far away.

Orange Money says it serves four million customers in ten countries.The World Bank’s Samia Melhem notes that the French company is facing competition from other mobile banking services.

“The mobile banking is a huge trend.And people in the West don’t understand it，because most people have bank accounts and credit cards.It—mobile banking—is the instant possession of cash at a much lower cost.The cost is the cost of sending a

message，which is almost nothing compared to what traditional transfer agents，like Western Union，would charge 10 dollars or more for a particular money transfer.”1．Which country or area has the most mobile phone users according to the text? A．The USA. B．European Union.

C．African countries. D．France.

2．The most significant revolution refers to________.

A．seven ways of life revolutionized because of mobile phones

B．more people having access to clean water

C．mobile phones being the fastest growing technology in Africa

D．the fast development of electricity in Africa

3．Using Orange Money，people can________.

A．add or take out as little as 10 dollars

B．pay for what they want to buy

C．only send money to family members

D．deal with any financial problems

4．Most people in the West don’t use mobile banking because________.

A．they have bank accounts and credit cards

B．they all have much money

C．mobile banking costs few dollars

D．mobile banking is hard to understand

5．The text is mainly about________.

A．how people live their life in Africa

B．mobile phones have changed lives in Africa

C．mobile phones are the fastest growing technology

D．the mobile banking is a huge trend

语篇解读本文主要讲述了手机改变了非洲人的生活。

1．解析：考查推理判断。根据文章第一段的内容可知，非洲国家使用手机的数量超过美国和欧盟，由此可知C项正确。

答案： C

2．解析：考查推理判断。根据文章第二段的第二句“She says mobile phones are the fastest growing technology on the continent.”以及第三段的内容可知，手机成为非洲大陆上发展最迅速的科技是(改变非洲前景)最重要的变革，故选C。

答案： C

3．解析：考查细节理解。根据第六段的第二、三两句“With his telephone，he can add or take out as little as one dollar.He can make payments and send money to family members who live far away.”可知，使用Orange Money人们可以支付他们想买的东西，故B项正确。

答案： B

4．解析：考查细节理解。根据最后一段的第二句“And people in the West don’t understand it，be cause most people have bank accounts and credit cards.”可知，大多数西方人不用手机银行的原因是他们有银行账户和信用卡，故A项正确。

答案： A

5．解析：考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了手机改变了非洲人的生活，故B 项正确。

答案：B。

阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。【2014·皖南八校联考】

International Book Club

Have you ever thought of joining a book club and buying new books

through the post？Here at the International Book Club，we already

have many members buying books from us by mail.

Immediate benefits：

?As a special offer，you may choose any reduced-price books from

our new member s’ book list，to the value of $6 in total (plus

postage and packing)．By doing this，you will save pounds on the publishers’ prices.?Tick the box on your form to order a free watch.

?If you reply within seven days，we will send you another free gift carefully chosen from our book list by our staff

?Order a DVD from the many on offer in our list，at half the recommended retail price. When you’ve joined：

As a member，you’ll enjoy savings of between 30% and 50% off the publisher’s price on every book you buy，and wh at’s more，they’ll come straight to your door.Your free club magazine arrives once a month，to keep you up to date with the latest best-sellers.This means that every year we offer over 1,000 books to choose from.On

the Internet，you can find all our titles fo r the year on our exclusive members’ website.

Being a member：

All we are asking you to do while you are a member is to choose four books during your first year.After that，you can decide on the number of books you wish to take. In each of our monthly club magazines，our experienced staff choose a Club Choice book—a work of fiction or a reference title which they feel is particularly worth buying，and which is offered at an extra-special price.However，if you do not want this book，just say so in the space provided on the form.We will always send the book if we do not receive this.

So，return your application form today，but hurry—it’s not every day we can make you an offer like this.To apply to become a member，all you need to do is simply fill in the enclosed form and return it in the postage-paid envelope supplied.

Before you know it，your books will be with you.Please don’t send any money now，as we will send you your bill with the books.And remember，you have up to a fortnight to decide if you wish to keep the books you have ordered.You should then either return the books or send your payment.

1．Which of the following doesn’t belong to the benefits of being a club member? A．Get four books for free in the first year.

B．Order a free watch.

C．Get a gift for nothing.

D．Order a DVD at a low price.

2．Every month the club provides a free club magazine in order to________.

A．let readers know the number of books to be sold

B．keep readers well informed of recent best-selling books

C．make readers know the club’s development

D．attract more and more readers to join the club

3．If a book is worth $100，how much will a member probably save if he buys one? A．$20. B．$40.

C．$60. D．$70.

4．What should you do if you want to join the book club?

A．Just fill in a form with personal information and send the club an email. B．Ask other club members to recommend you to the club.

C．Fill in an application form with needed information and return it to the club.

D．Apply for a membership card.

5．After you get your books，you should________.

A．decide whether to keep them or not within a certain period of time

B．choose whether to keep them or not after you read them carefully

C．express your idea in the space provided in the book

D．send money to the club at once

语篇解读本文是一则图书俱乐部的会员加入说明。

1．解析：考查细节理解。根据Being a member部分中的第一段内容可知，成为会员后，第一年要选购四本书，这些书并不是免费的，因此A项不是成为会员的好处。根据Immediate benefits部分的内部可知，B、C、D三项都是成为会员后可以享受到的好处。

答案： A

2．解析：考查细节理解。根据When you’ve joined部分中的“to keep you up to date with the latest best-sellers”可知，每月给会员一本免费的会员杂志是为了告知会员最近的畅销书，因此答案为B。

答案： B

3．解析：考查细节理解。根据When you’ve joined部分中的第一句话可知，会员购书可以打七到五折，因此一本100美元的图书，会员将节省30至50美元，故B项正确。

答案： B

4．解析：考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“To apply to become a member，all you need to do is simply fill in the enclosed form and return it in the postage-paid envelope supplied.”可知，本题答案为C。

答案： C

5．解析：考查细节理解。根据最后一段的内容可知，收到你的书后，你不需要立即汇款，你有14天的时间来决定是否愿意要这些书，因此答案为A。

答案： A

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