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英语选择题及答案解析

【篇一：英语语法练习题(答案详解)】

xt>1. ms nancy didnt mind at all ______ to the ceremony.

a. being not invited

b. not being invited

c. not inviting

d. not to be invited

2. _____ your meeting is! he offered them his sincere congratulations.

a. how a great success

b. what a great success

c. how great success

d. what great success

b success 名词，保留远动词含义成功是不可数名词；如用来代替具体的人（成功者）或具体的事（成功的事情（东西））是可数名词。故排除c,d；a中how是副词，如改成how great a success 就是正确的。

3. we must remember that _____fashion is not the most important thing in _______ life.

a. /; the

b. /; /

c. the; /

d. the; the

b 抽象名词不特指时，前不用冠词。

4. it _____ quite a few years _____ the accused was declared innocent and set free.

a. was; since

b. is; that

c. will be; when

d. was; before

d 如将a项中was, since改成is, since是正确的；即从句中谓语先发生。如用b项，是强调句，而强调句前后两个谓语动词在时间上必须一致（a）；被强调部分能还回原句中（b），即因为句中was declared是过去时, b项中is改成was；因为句中was declared是非延续性动词，在years后加上ago将一段时间变成一点就是正确的。c 项前后时间不一致。

5. the professor said he could talk on _____ interested the audience.

a. any topic

b. which topic

c. whichever topic

d. the topic he thought it

c whichever已失去疑问含义，等于 anything that，表示强调；

而 which topic中 which保留疑问含义，译成哪一个题目，不符合句义。而a和d中缺少连词。

6.under no circumstance _____ to tell lies to parents.

a. children are allowed

b. are children allowed

c. children will allow

d. will children allow

b.含有否定意义的副词及介词短语放在句首时，句子中主语和谓语用部分倒装。

7.modern science and technology has _____ communication between people far apart.

a. made convenient

b. made it convenient

c. made it convenient for

d. made it convenient to

a 题目中has made是谓语，communication between people far apart短语是宾语，convenient是宾语的补语，被前置。如用b

项,it是形式宾语代替不定式或从句。

8.i heard that you really had a wonderful time at johns birthday party, _____?

a. didnt i

b. didnt you

c. hadnt you

d. will you

b含宾语从句和定语从句的主从复合句，反意疑问句随主句变；但是在含有宾语从句的住句中主语是第一人称时反意疑问句随从句一致。

9.the great use of school education is not so much to teach you things _____ to teach you the art of learning.

a. as

b. that

c. than

d. but

10.no matter how frequently _____ the works of beethoven always attract a large number of people.

a. performing

b. performed

c. to be performed

d. being performed

b 在让步，时间等状语从句中，如果主从句中主语一致，从句中谓语含 be动词，可以将从句中的主语和 be 省略，即在how 后加they(the works) are，再分别与选择项搭配后，就会发现正确答案是b。

11._____ their real economic situations, they got some relief fund from the government.

a. considering

b. considered

c. having been considered

d. being considered

a considering 考虑到，而 considered 被认为，根据全句含义，句中主语they和considering是主动关系，因此选择项。

12.tina _____ have known the truth, or she would have told us.

a. mustnt

b. shouldnt

c. cant

d. neednt

13.there are some police cars in front. what do you suppose

_____?

a. is the matter

b. is happened

c. is the wrong

d. the trouble

14._____ of water makes death valley a desert, but it is by no means devoid.

a. lacking

b. being lack

c. because of lack

d. lack

dlack 作名词，后加of短语。如用a项,lacking是及物动词的动名词，后面不用介词of或作不及物动词,后面加介词in?。

15. in recent years much more emphasis has been put______ developing the students productive skills.

a. onto

b. in

c. over

d. on

d put/ place/ lay emphasis on 是固定搭配，表示强调，注重。

16. a survey was carried out on the death rate of those who were infected by sars, ________were surprising.

a. as results

b. which results

c. the results of it

d. the results

of which

d th

e results o

f which 等于whose results，是非限制性定语从句。

17. the organization broke no rules, but ______had it acted responsibly.

a. neither

b. so

c. either

d. both

18. many workers were organized to clear away

______remained of the world trade center.

a. those

b. that

c. what

d. where

c 该题空格处缺少的是连词，且在从句中作主语，所以排除a,d;

that在名词性从句中只起连接作用。

19. my train arrive in new york at eight oclock tonight. the

plane i would like to take from there ______by then.

a. would leave

b. will have left

c. has left

d. had left

20. the professor could hardly find sufficient grounds

_____his arguments in favor of the new theory.

a. to be based on

b. to base on

c. which to base on

d. on

which to base

d on which to bas

e his arguments in favor o

f the new theory = the professor will base his

arguments in favor of the new theory on sufficient grounds.

21 . ________evidence that language acquiring ability must be stimulated.

a. if being

b. it is

c. there is

d. there being

c句中有连词that和谓语must be stimulated，缺少一个谓语动词，排除a,d，该句译成汉语是有。。。的证据,而不是它是。。。的证据所以排除b

22. professor wang , _______ for his informative lectures,was warmly received by his students.

a. knowing

b. known

c. to be known

d. having known

23.in fact peter would rather have left for san francisco than

____ in new york.

a. to stay

b. stayed

c. stay

d. having stayed

24.you ____ him so closely;you should have kept your distance.

a. shouldnt follow

b. mustnt follow

c. couldnt have been following

d. shouldnt have been following

25.there has been a great increase in retail sales , ____﹖

a. does there

b. isnt there

c. hasnt there

d. isnt it

26. it is the news ____ most parents of the hope that there is a safe and socially approved road to a kind of life they themselves have not had, but their children can.

a. that deprive

b. that it deprives

c. that deprives

d. when it deprives

27. we hadnt met for 20 years, but i recognized her_____ i saw her.

a. the moment

b. for the moment

c. the moment when

d. at the moment when

a定冠词the加上表示时间的名词起连词作用，引导时间状语从句。如the night/ the minute/ the spring/ the year等。

28. on hearing a great noise, mike looked forward through the window _____ what happened outside the room.

a. to seeing

b. to see

c. seeing

d. to have seen

b look forward to doing sth. / sth. 表示盼望做某事，而look forward to do sth.表示向前看目的（要做。。。）

29. you ______ be driven out of the school if you dare to cheat in the exam. a. should b. would c. will d. shall

d shall用于第二，三人称表示说话人的心愿； will表示主语的心愿。

30. everyone hopes that we can do something to make things better, so we cant help ______ under the stress.

a. but working

b. but to work

c. work

d. but work

d cant help but do?相当于 hav

e to do?.。

31. we all think that _____ no need to make laws to prevent the young from getting married during their college life.

a. it is

b. there has

c. it has

d. there is

d ther

e is no need (for sb.) to do sth.是一个固定句型，相当于 it

is unnecessary ( for sb.) to

do ?;或 sb. have no need to do sth..

32. postage ___ the necklace will cost you at least 650 yuan.

a. including

b. included

c. include

d. to be included

bpostage included 等于including postage。

33. with his eyes ______ on the family album, he thought of

the fun he had when he lived with his parents.

a. fixing

b. fixed

c. to be fixed

d. being fixed

b fix ones eyes on / upon 是固定短语，表示注视

34. george applied for the position three times ______ he

finally got it.

a. before

b. until

c. when

d. after

a 强调从句中谓语动词的动作发生的晚，表示。。。。。。才。。。。。。。

35. this robot is supposed to save a lot of labor, but it remains

a problem if it ______

a. is

b. saves

c. does

d. has

c do(es) 是代动词，用来代替上文save a lot of labor。

36. there were many more people who got injured in the big

fire than _______.

a. was reported

b. it was reported

c. were reported

d. they were reported

a 比较状语从句中省略与主句相同的成分，只保留比较对象。

37. he doesnt know what to say, for it is the first time that he

______ with a girl.

a. went out

b. goes out

c. has gone out

d. had gone out

38. ___which way to take, the little boy behaved like a real gentleman who comforted his sister from time to time.

a. leaving to wonder

b. having left to wonder

c. left wondering

d. left to wonder

c left wondering 中left的逻辑主语是the little boy，所以可转换

成the little boy was left wondering?。

39. during the tourist season, there are many people wandering in this city to see the old castles _____ in the sixteenth century.

a. to be built

b. being built

c. having been built

d. built

d 非谓语动词的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作时，用过去分词。

40. when do you think ______ start the new attack?a. they will

b. will they

c. they can

d. can they

41. some 25,000 people were reported ______ in the ever recorded worst earthquake in iran, which occurred late this month.

a. were killed

b. to be killed

c. killing

d. to have been killed

42._____ the teachers suggestion, tom finally found a way to settle the problem.

a. following

b. to follow

c. follow

d. he followed

43.______ that no one was ever prepared for it.

a. so suddenly did the bad news come

b. so suddenly the bad news came

c. so did the bad news come suddenly

d. did the bad news come so suddenly

44.______ the friendship between our two people last forever!, and with this sincere hope, the president concluded his speech.a. could b. may c. would d. must

45.we need a more capable leader, ______ with strong will and as well as good humour.

a. who

b. that

c. one

d. which

46. many people attend various public lectures, chiefly ______ themselves familiar with the latest development of different fields.a. gettingb. to getc. to have gotd. got

47.it is no longer a problem _______ the poor children in this district can go to school.

a. that

b. whether

c. so

d. because

48. of all the applicants, ______ do you think is fit for the position?

a. who

b. whoever

c. whomever

d. whichever

49.part of the work is to be finished today and ______ by this weekend.

a. another

b. the others

c. the rest

d. the other

50.generally speaking, the hard one works, _______.

a. the better he gets result

b. the better result he gets

c. he

gets better result d. does he get better result

51.with the worldwide oil crisis, the price of oil has been

raised ______ 15%. a. about b. with c. of d. by

52. the lectures, ______ the current international issues, are well received.

a. are covered

b. covered

c. covering

d. to cover

53. peter is very angry about ______ of the changed timetable.

a. not informing

b. not being informed

c. being not informed

d. not to be informed

54.it is ______ that terrorism is a great threat to world peace.

a. widely accepted

b. widely accepting

c. wide accepted

d. wide accepting

55.the house built of stone lasts longer than ____ built of wood. a. the one b. one c. that d. its

56.e-mail as well as telephones ____ more and more popular

in daily communication.

a. have become

b. become

c. are becoming

d. is becoming

57.this kind of cloth ____ well. a. washes b. wash c. is washed

d. is washing

58.what do you mean ____ saying that youve never heard of it before?

a. in

b. by

c. as

d. with

59. hes an intelligent boy. he ____ made such a foolish mistake.

a. cant have

b. may not have

c. might not have

d. mustnt have

60. each of the engineers and professors is working hard at their posts, ____ to accomplish the goal as soon as possible. a. wish b. for wishing c. wishing d. to wish

61. it is just as hard to persuade my wife not to dance ____ to keep me from the football field.

a. so it is

b. as it is

c. so is it

d. as is it

62.it was dark and cold. they had to find a house ____ and

some wood ____.

a. to stay in…to make a fire with

b. to stay…to make a fire with

c. to stay in…to make a fire

d. to stay…to make a fire

63some of the middle-aged people ____ to the meeting were famous professors.

a. were invited

b. who invited

c. inviting

d. invited

64most green vegetables, ____ for too long, will lose nutrition.

a. if to be cooked

b. if cooked

c. if cooking

d. if being cooked

65.____ you dislike ancient buildings, warrick castle is worth a visit.

a. as

b. if

c. even if

d. now that

66.____ the expense, i ____ a round-the-world tour.

a. were it not … would take

b. if it were not… take

c. werent it for… will take

d. if it hadnt been for… would have taken

【篇二：2015高考全国各地英语单选试题及答案解析】第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

从a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并

在答题卡上将该项涂黑。例: it is generally considered unwise to give a child ______ he or she wants.

a. however

b. whatever

c. whichever

d. whenever 答案是b

21. — can you come to a party on saturday, peter?

— oh, ______im already going out, im afraid.

a. what a pity!

【答案】a

【解析】

试题分析：句意：--皮特，你周六能来参加聚会吗？--噢，真遗憾！(到时候)恐怕我已经出去了。a真遗憾！；b别问了！；c怎么会？；d那又怎样？根据句意可知，这里指可能参加不了聚会，因此此处表

示“遗憾”，故选a。

考点：考查交际用语

22.if you come to visit china, you will ______ a culture of amazing depth and variety.

a. develop

【答案】d

【解析】

试题分析：句意：如果你来中国旅游，你将会体验到一种有深度和

多样化的文化。a发展，培养；b创造；c代替；d经历。故选d。

考点：考查动词辨析

23.______ scientists have learned a lot about the universe, there is much we still dont know.

a. once

【答案】

cb. sincec. though d. unless b. create c. substitute d. experience b. dont ask! c. how come? d. so what?

考点：考查状语从句

24.just as i got to the school gate, i realised i ______ my bank

in the cafe.

a. have left

【答案】b

【解析】

试题分析：句意：我刚一到学校门口，就意识到我把书落在餐馆了。realized后省略了that，这里是一个宾语从句，从句时态与主句保

持一致，“落下”的动作发生在“意识到”之前，应该用过去完成时，

故选b。

考点：考查时态

25.a ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not ______ ships are

built for.

a. what

【答案】a

【解析】

试题分析：句意：船停放在海港里是很安全的，但这并非建造船的

目的。isn’t后跟从句作表语，表语从句中的for后缺少宾语，用

what引导，what与for连用，表示目的。故选a。考点：考查名词性从句

26.i’m so ______ to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily.

a. special

【答案】c

【解析】

试题分析：句意：我非常感激所有的志愿者，因为他们帮我把糟糕

的一天变成了愉快的一天。a特殊的；b优秀的，比......好的；c感

激的；d有吸引力的。根据句意可知，这里是在向志愿者表达感激之情，故选c。

考点：考查形容词辨析

27.______ the difference between the two research findings

will be one of the worst mistakes you make.

a. ignore

【答案】b b. ignoring c. ignored d. having ignored b.

superior c. grateful d. attractiveb. whomc. whyd. when b. had left c would leave d. was leaving

考点：考查动名词作主语

28.some experts think reading is the fundamental skill

upon______school education depends.

a. it

【答案】d

【解析】

试题分析：句意：一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。it不能引导定语从句；that不用于介词之后；whose作定语，其后

需有名词；depend on/upon依靠，依赖，介词后只能用which或whom来构成定语从句的引导词，故选d。

考点：考查定语从句

29.it is reported that a space station ______ on the moon in years to come.

a. will be building

【答案】b

【解析】

试题分析：句意：据报道，人们在接下来的几年里将在月球上建一

个空间站。根据“in years to come”可知用将来时，space station

和build是动宾关系，应该使用被动语态，故选b。考点：考查时

态

【名师点睛】本题考查时态。做时态类的题目，需要从句中找出时

间状语，没有时间状语时，需要结合句意来判断。根据“in years to come”可知是将来的事情，且空间站是被建造的。

30.there is no need to tell me your answer now. give it some

______ and then let me know.

a. thought

【答案】

a b. support c. protection d. authority b. will be built c. has been buildingd. has been builtb. thatc. whosed. which

考点：考查名词辨析

31.they gave money to the old peoples home either ______ or through their companies.

a. legally

b. sincerely

c. personally

d. deliberately

【答案】c

【解析】

试题分析：句意：他们给那位老人的家里送钱，有的是一个人的名义，有的则是通过他们的公司。a合法地；b真诚地；c亲自，当面地，个人而言；d故意地。故选c。

考点：考查副词辨析

32.it is lucky we booked a room, or we ______nowhere to stay now.

a. had

【答案】c

【解析】

试题分析：句意：我们很幸运地订到了房间，否则的话，我们现在

就会无处可去了。or引导含蓄虚拟条件句，or后面是主句，相当于

if we hadn’t booked a room, we would have nowhere to stay now.，根据“now”可知，是对现在进行虚拟，因此用would+动词原形，故选c。考点：考查虚拟语气

33.they believe that there are transport developments ______ that will bring a lot of changes for the better.

a. out of date

【答案】d

【解析】

试题分析：句意：他们认为即将到来的交通发展将会带来很多好的

方面的变化。a过时的；b发生故障的；c昼夜不停地；d即将来临。故选d。

考点：考查介词短语

34.______ he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination to push further andkeep on going.

a. where

【答案】

a b. asc. in cased. now that b. out of order c. around the clock d. around the comer b. had had c. would have d. would havehad

考点：考查状语从句

35.— how is your table tennis these days? still playing?

—______. i just dont seem to find the time these days.

a. thats right

【答案】b

【解析】

试题分析：句意：--你的乒乓球练得怎样了？还在练习吗？--没怎么练。我现在似乎没有时间练习。a是的，没错；b没，没怎么打；c 真棒；d别担心。故选b。

考点：考查交际用语

b. no, not much c thats g reatd. don’t worry

2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（福建卷）

第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）

第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

从a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。例: it is generally considered unwise to give a child ______ he or she wants.

a. however

b. whatever

c. whichever

d. whenever

答案是b

21.the

research group produced two reports based on the survey, butcontained any useful suggestions.

b. none

c. either

d. neither a. all

【答案】

考点：考查副词辨析。

22._______a common memory they all have ____ their school days is the school uniform.

a. of

【答案】a b. on c. to d. with

【篇三：2015年考研英语一真题及答案详细解析】ass=txt>2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题

及答案详细解析

section i use of english :

directions: read the following text. choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark a, b,c or d on the answer sheet.

(10 points)

though not biologically related, friends are as ―related‖ as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. that is _(1)_a study, published from the university of california and yale university

in the proceedings of the national academy of sciences,

has__(2)_.

the study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)__1,932 unique subjects which __(4)__pairs of uelated friends and uelated strangers. the same people were used in both_(5)_.

while 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. as james fowler, professor of medical genetics at uc san diego,

says, ―most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.‖

the study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity .why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for

now,_(10)_,as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. there could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_‖functional kinship‖ of being friends with_(14)_!

one of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genes studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a

major_(17)_factor.

the findings do not simply explain p eople‘s_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. though all the subjects were drawn from a population of european extraction, care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.

1. [a] when [b] why [c] how [d] what

2. [a] defended [b] concluded [c] withdrawn [d] advised

3. [a] for [b] with [c] on [d] by

4. [a] compared [b] sought [c] separated [d] connected

5. [a] tests [b] objects [c]samples [d] examples

6. [a] insignificant [b] unexpected [c]unbelievable [d] incredible

7. [a] visit [b] miss [c] seek [d] know

8. [a] resemble [b] influence [c] favor [d] surpass

9. [a] again [b] also [c] instead [d] thus

10. [a] meanwhile [b] furthermore [c] likewise [d] perhaps

11. [a] about [b] to [c]from [d]like

12. [a] drive [b] observe [c] confuse [d]limit 13. [a] according

to [b] rather than [c] regardless of [d] along with 14. [a] chances [b]responses [c]missions [d]benefits 15. [a] later

[b]slower [c] faster [d] earlier 16. [a]forecast [b]remember

[c]understand [d]express 17. [a] unpredictable [b]contributory [c] controllable [d] disruptive 18. [a] endeavor [b]decision [c]arrangement [d] tendency 19. [a] political [b] religious [c] ethnic [d] economic

20. [a] see [b] show [c] prove [d] tell

section ii reading comprehension

part a

directions:

read the following four texts. answer the questions below each text by choosing a, b,

c or d. mark your answers on answer sheet. (40 points)

text 1

king juan carlos of spain once insisted ―kings don‘t abdicate, they dare in their sleep.‖ but embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. so, does the spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? does that mean the writing is on the wall for all european royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle? the spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. when public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the franco regime, monarchs can rise above ―mere‖ politics and ―embody‖ a spirit of national unity. it is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs‘ continuing popularity polarized. and also, the middle east excepted, europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting vatican city and andorra). but unlike their absolutist counterparts in the gulf and asia, most royal families have survived because

they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.

even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today –embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. at a time when thomas piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.

the most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.

while europe‘s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the british royals who have most to fear from the spanish example.

it is only the queen who has preserved the monarchy‘s reputation with her rather

ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. the danger will come with charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. he has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service – as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. charles ought to know that as english history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy‘s worst enemies.

21. according to the first two paragraphs, king juan carlos of spain

[a] used turn enjoy high public support

[b] was unpopular among european royals

[c] cased his relationship with his rivals

[d]ended his reign in embarrassment

22. monarchs are kept as heads of state in europe mostly

[a] owing to their undoubted and respectable status

[b] to achieve a balance between tradition and reality

[c] to give voter more public figures to look up to

[d]due to their everlasting political embodiment

23. which of the following is shown to be odd, according to paragraph 4?

[a] aristocrats‘ excessive reliance on inhe rited wealth

[b] the role of the nobility in modern democracies

[c] the simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families

[d]the nobility‘s adherence to their privileges

24. the british royals ―have most to fear‖ because charles

[a] takes a rough line on political issues

[b] fails to change his lifestyle as advised

[c] takes republicans as his potential allies

[d] fails to adapt himself to his future role

25. which of the following is the best title of the text?

[a] carlos, glory and disgrace combined

[b] charles, anxious to succeed to the throne

[c] carlos, a lesson for all european monarchs

[d]charles, slow to react to the coming threats

text 2

just how much does the constitution protect your digital data? the supreme court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.

california has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. it is hard, the state argues, for judges

to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.

the court would be recklessly modest if it followed california‘s advice. enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justices can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.

they should start by discarding california‘s lame argument that exploring the contents

of a smart phone — a vast storehouse of digital information —is similar to, say, rifling through a suspect‘s purse. the court has ruled that police don‘t violate the fourth amendment when they sift through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant. but exploring one‘s smart phone is more like entering his or her home. a smart phone may contain an

arrestee‘s reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. the development of ―cloud computing,‖ meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.

americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy. but keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life. citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the constitution‘s prohibition on ueasonable searches.

but the justices should not swallow cali fornia‘s argument whole. new, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the constitution‘s protections. orin kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a virtual necessity of life in the 20th: the justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the fourth amendment applies to digital information now.

26. the supreme court will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to

[a] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.

[b] search for suspects‘ mobile phones without a warrant.

[c] check suspects‘ phone contents without being authorized.

[d]prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.

27. the author‘s attitude toward california‘s argument is one of

[a] disapproval.

[b] indifference.

[c] tolerance.

[d]cautiousness.

28. the author believes that exploring one‘s phone contents is comparable to

[a] getting into one‘s residence.

[b] handling one‘s historical records.

[c] scanning one‘s correspondences.

[d] going through one‘s wallet.

29. in paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that

[a] principles are hard to be clearly expressed.

[b] the court is giving police less room for action.

[c] citizens‘ privacy is not effectively protected.

[d] phones are used to store sensitive information.

30. orin kerr‘s comparison is quoted to indicate that

[a] the constitution should be implemented flexibly.

[b] new technology requires reinterpretation of the constitution.

[c]california‘s argument violates principles of the constitution.

[d]principles of the constitution should never be altered

text 3

the journal science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief marcia mcnutt announced today. the policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.

―readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,‖ writes mcnutt in an editorial. working with the american statistical association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors(sbore). manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal‘s internal editors, or by its existing board of reviewing editors or by outside peer reviewers. the sbore panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.

asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, mcnutt said: ―the creation of the ?statistics board‘ was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of science‘s overall drive to inc rease reproducibility in the research we publish.‖

giovanni parmigiani, a biostatistician at the harvard school of public health, a member of the sbore group. he says he expects the board to ―play primarily an advisory role.‖ he agreed to join because he ―found the foresight behind the establishment of the sbore to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. this impact will not only be through the publications in science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after science.‖

john ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is ―a most welcome step forward‖ and ―long overdue.‖ ―most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they

publish. i think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review,‖ he says. but he noted that biomedical journals such as annals of internal medicine, the journal of the american medical association and the lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.

professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research, according to david vaux, a cell biologist. researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2012, but journals should also take a tougher line, ―engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process‖. vaux says that science‘s idea to pass some papers to

st atisticians ―has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify ?the papers that need scrutiny‘ in the first place‖.

31. it can be learned from paragraph 1 that

[a] science intends to simplify their peer-review process.

[b] journals are strengthening their statistical checks.

[c] few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.

[d] lack of data analysis is common in research projects.