人教版高中英语第一册知识点归纳

必修1：F r i e n d s h i p（P1）

1.be good to … 对…好，对…和蔼，对…友好

Why?can't?she?be?good?to?her?sister?

为什么她不能对她姐姐好点？

2.survey 调查

? a survey of 对…的调查，关于…的调查

a survey of US businesses 对美国企业的调查

?survey shows/reveals (that)调查显示…

The survey showed that Britain’s trees are in good health. 调查显示英国的树木状况良好。

?carry out/conduct a survey?(=do a survey)进行调查

?We conducted a survey of parents in the village. 我们对这个村子的孩子父母作了一次调查。

3.add 添加、增加、计算、相加

?add sth to sth 把…加入…中

Do you want to add your name to the list 你想把你的名字加到名单里吗？

?add sth and sth (together) 把…和…相加。

Add 7 and 5 to make 12. 7加5得12。

?add to something 增加

?What he did has added to our difficulties. 他的所作所为增加了我们的困难。

?add up to 总计，加起来等于

The cost added up to 100 million yuan. 费用总计达一亿元。

4.until

?直到…为止

The ticket is valid until March. 这张票的有效期一直到?3?月份。

He waited until she had finished speaking. 他一直等到她讲完。

?not until直到…才〔用于强调某事在某个具体的时刻或者另一件事发生以前没有发生〕

?It was not until 1972 that the war finally came to an end. 直到?1972?年战争才终于结束。

5.finish 停止

?finish doing sth?停止做某事（停下正在做的事情）

?I finished typing the report just minutes before it was due. 我在截止时间前几分钟才把报告打完。

?finish[+ with]以…为结尾

The party finished with a song. 聚会以一首合唱结束。

6.help 帮助

?help sb with sth帮助某人某事

Can I help you with the washing up 我来帮你洗碗好吗？

My father said he’s going to help me with the fees. 父亲说费用问题他会帮我解决的。

?help sb (to) do sth

I helped her to carry her cases up the stairs. 我帮她把箱子拎上了楼。

She helped him choose some new clothes. 她帮他挑了一些新衣服。

?help (to) do sth

She was coming to help clean the machines. 她要来帮忙擦洗机器。

7.plan n.计划、打算；vi & vt 计划、筹划、打算(planning, planned, planned)

?n.计划、打算；plan for…,…的计划(有时候也会用介词of)

His plan is to work abroad for a year. 他计划去国外工作一年。

Do you?have?any?plans?for the weekend 你周末有什么打算？

?make a plan / make plans 做计划、制定计划、筹备；

Mary has been busy making plans for her wedding. 玛丽一直在忙着筹划她的婚礼。

?carry out a plan(=do what has been planned)?实施计划

They were arrested before they could carry out their plans. 他们在实施计划之前就被逮捕了。

?plan to do sth 计划去做某事/打算去做某事/谋划去做某事

Maria didn’t plan to kill Fiona. It was an accident. 玛丽亚并非蓄意杀害菲奥娜，那是个意外。

8.get vi & vt 获得、到达、收到、购买、取得…（getting, got, gotten）

?使某事发生在某人身上/某物上(get it repaired)

You’re going to get us all killed! 你会让我们都没命的！

Don’t get yourself burned. 别烫到自己。

9.upset

?adj. 心烦意乱的、不快的、烦躁的

I was very upset because one of my friend was rude to me. 我很心烦，因为我的一个好朋友对我非常无礼。

?be upset about

She was?deeply upset?about the way her father treated her. 父亲那样对她，她非常难过。

?upset that

Debbie was upset that he didn’t spend more time with her. 他没有花更多的时间陪自己，黛比觉得不快。

?be upset with sb生某人的气，对某人感到不快

You’re not still upset with me, are you 你不是还在生我的气吧？

??vt.使某人生气；使生气；使心烦意乱

Don’t d o anything that would upset him. 别做惹他生气的事情。

His cheating in the exam upset his teacher. 他在考试中作弊，这使他的老师很生气。

10.ignore vt.忽视、忽略、不理睬

You can’t?ignore the fact?that many criminals never go to prison. 你不能无视很多罪犯从未获刑的事实。

The phone rang, but she ignored it. 电话铃响了，但她只当没听见。

11.calm adj. 静的、平静的、沉着的；n. 平静、宁静；vi & vt 使平静

Glen was calm and composed at the funeral. 格伦在葬礼上表现得平静而镇定。

?remain/stay/keep calm 保持镇静、保持平静；

I tried to stay calm and just ignore him. 我尽量保持镇定，不去理睬他。

?the calm before the storm n.平静

暴风雨前的平静〔指激烈争论或严重问题出现前短暂的平静局面〕

?calm down恢复平静，恢复正常; calm sb down 使某人平静下来

It took months for?things?to?calm down?after we had the baby. 我们有了宝宝后过了好几个月，家里的一切才恢复正常。

She lit a cigarette to calm herself down. 她点了支烟，使自己平静下来。

12.have got to do 必须，不得不；

Have you got to go now 你非得现在走吗？

辨析：have got to 和have to的区别

1)在表示一次性动作时，两者可以互换。

I have（got）to be back by 10 o’clock. 我十点前必须回来。

2)当表示习气性动作时，特别是句子中有表示经常性的副词（always、often等），则用have to, 而不用have

got to

I often have to get up at 5. 我常常要五点起床。

3)have got to 几乎不用在过去时态中。

In order to catch you, I had to walk very fast.为了赶上你，我不得不走得很快才行。

4)have to 在使用时可以搭配助动词或情态动词；也可以用在停止体或完成体结构中，而have got to 不行。

I shall have to help him as much as I can. 我将不得不尽我所能地去帮他。

7.plan n.计划、打算；vi & vt 计划、筹划、打算(planning, planned, planned)

?n.计划、打算；plan for…, …的计划(有时候也会用介词of)

His plan is to work abroad for a year. 他计划去国外工作一年。

Do you?have?any?plans?for the weekend 你周末有什么打算？

?make a plan / make plans 做计划、制定计划、筹备；

Mary has been busy making plans for her wedding. 玛丽一直在忙着筹划她的婚礼。

?carry out a plan(=do what has been planned)?实施计划

They were arrested before they could carry out their plans. 他们在实施计划之前就被逮捕了。

?plan to do sth 计划去做某事/打算去做某事/谋划去做某事

Maria didn’t plan to kill Fiona. It was an accident. 玛丽亚并非蓄意杀害菲奥娜，那是个意外。

8.get vi & vt 获得、到达、收到、购买、取得…（getting, got, gotten）

?使某事发生在某人身上/某物上(get it repaired)

You’re goi ng to get us all killed! 你会让我们都没命的！

Don’t get yourself burned. 别烫到自己。

9.upset

?adj. 心烦意乱的、不快的、烦躁的

I was very upset because one of my friend was rude to me. 我很心烦，因为我的一个好朋友对我非常无礼。

?be upset about

She was?deeply upset?about the way her father treated her. 父亲那样对她，她非常难过。

?upset that

Debbie was upset that he didn’t spend more time with her. 他没有花更多的时间陪自己，黛比觉得不快。

?be upset with sb生某人的气，对某人感到不快

You’re not still upset with me, are you 你不是还在生我的气吧？

??vt.使某人生气；使生气；使心烦意乱

Don’t do anything that would upset him. 别做惹他生气的事情。

His cheating in the exam upset his teacher. 他在考试中作弊，这使他的老师很生气。

10.ignore vt.忽视、忽略、不理睬

You can’t?ignore the fact?that many criminals never go to prison. 你不能无视很多罪犯从未获刑的事实。

The phone rang, but she ignored it. 电话铃响了，但她只当没听见。

11.calm adj. 静的、平静的、沉着的；n. 平静、宁静；vi & vt 使平静

Glen was calm and composed at the funeral. 格伦在葬礼上表现得平静而镇定。

?remain/stay/keep calm 保持镇静、保持平静；

I tried to stay calm and just ignore him. 我尽量保持镇定，不去理睬他。

?the calm before the storm n.平静

暴风雨前的平静〔指激烈争论或严重问题出现前短暂的平静局面〕

?calm down恢复平静，恢复正常; calm sb down 使某人平静下来

It took months for?things?to?calm down?after we had the baby. 我们有了宝宝后过了好几个月，家里的一切才恢复正常。

She lit a cigarette to calm herself down. 她点了支烟，使自己平静下来。

12.have got to do 必须，不得不；

Have you got to go now 你非得现在走吗？

辨析：have got to 和have to的区别

5)在表示一次性动作时，两者可以互换。

I have（got）to be back by 10 o’clock. 我十点前必须回来。

6)当表示习气性动作时，特别是句子中有表示经常性的副词（always、often等），则用have to, 而不用have

got to

I often have to get up at 5. 我常常要五点起床。

7)have got to 几乎不用在过去时态中。

In order to catch you, I had to walk very fast.为了赶上你，我不得不走得很快才行。

8)have to 在使用时可以搭配助动词或情态动词；也可以用在停止体或完成体结构中，而have got to 不行。

I shall have to help him as much as I can. 我将不得不尽我所能地去帮他。

13.be concerned about sb 关心某人

He knows that you are always concerned about him. 他知道你一直关心他。

14.take care of 照顾、照看、负责（take, took, taken）

We?only have?one?earth,?so?we?need to?take?care of?her.? 我们只有一个地球，所以我们必须要好好的照顾她。

15.walk the dog 遛狗

She has to walk the dog every morning. 她每天早晨不得不遛狗。

She had to walk the dog every morning last year. 去年，她每天早晨都不得不遛狗。

16.take an exam 参加考试；take the end-of-term exam 参加期末考试

When?can?I?take an?exam? 我什么时间参加考试？

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a112209640.html,ugh at 取笑、嘲笑

The suggestion he made was laughed at by the committee. 他提出的建议遭到了委员会的嘲笑。

18.go through经历、经受或通过、经过、穿过

?He was going through a very difficult time.??他在经历一段非常艰难的时期。

?You?must?go?through customs?in?order to?pass across the border.?你要过境，就必须在海关办理手续。

19.set down 记下、放下、登记

Old Walter is setting down his memories of village life.?老瓦尔特正在写他的乡村生活回忆录。

Top?priority?for?me?is?getting?him?off?this?plane?so?I?can?finally?set down?my?gun.?

现在对于我来说最要紧的事就是让他下飞机，这样我就能放下我的枪了。

20.a series of 一系列、一连串

We?learn?language?through?a series of?prompts?and?feedback.?

我们通过一系列的提示和反馈学习语言。

21.want to do sth; want sb to do sth; want sth done

I want to go shopping tomorrow morning. 明天上午我想去购物。

I want you to find out what they’re planning. 我要你查明他们有什么计划。

I want that letter typed today. 我要那封信今天就打好。

22.since

?自从…以来，就一直…（通常与主句中完成式连用）

We’ve been waiting here since two o’clock. 我们从两点钟开始就在这里等了。

I haven’t played rugby since I left university. 我大学毕业后就没打过橄榄球。

She left London ten years ago, and I haven’t seen her since. 她十年前离开伦敦，此后我再没有见过她。

23.hide away 躲藏、隐藏（?hid, hidden）

?hide动词，away为副词，宾语为代词时应放在两者中间

She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered.

她和她的家人躲了近二十五个月才被发现。

As he didn’t want his sister to share his chocolate, he hid it away somewhere under the bed.

因为他不想和妹妹分享巧克力，他把它藏在床下的某个地方了。

24.on purpose 故意地

?反义短语：by accident/ by chance意外地，偶然地

I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon.

为了好好看看月亮，我故意醒着直到十一点半。

Cinderella left her shoe on the stairs on purpose.

灰姑娘故意把她的一只鞋子留在了台阶上。

Rockets were probably invented by accident about 2000 years ago.

火箭可能是在约两千多年前无意间被发明的。

By chance I came across an article about her.

很偶然地，我看到了一篇关于她的文章。

25.in order to（+ do）为了…

?否定形式：in order not to do sth…

?so as to 可与in order to 互换，作目的状语，但so as to 不能位于句首

?in order that/so that 引导目的状语从句，从句中常有情态动词can, may ,might, could 等，当主句和从

句主语一致时，in order that / so that 可以和in order to/ so as to 互换。

We got up early in order to/ so as to catch the early bus.

=In order to catch the early bus, we got up early.

=We got up early to catch the early bus.

=We got up early in order that / so that we could catch the early bus.

为了赶上早班车，我们起得很早。

26.dare v. 敢于，胆敢

?dare 既可作为实意动词，也可作为情态动词；作实意动词时后面常接不定式to do sth, 在疑问句和否

定句中to可省略，作情态动词使用时多用于否定句和疑问句。具体用法如下：

?肯定句中：实意动词dare to do sth 敢于做某事

?否定句中：实意动词：don’t/ doesn’t/ didn’t dare (to) do sth 不敢做某事

情态动词：daren’t/ daredn’t do sth

?疑问句中：实意动词：Do/ Does/ Did +主语+ dare(to) do sth

情态动词：Dare / Dared + 主语+ do sth

He dares to speak English before his class. 他敢在同学面前说英语

He doesn’t dare (to) spe ak English before his class. 他不敢再同学面前说英语。

=He daren’t speak English before his class.

Does he dare (to) speak English before his class 他敢在同学面前说英语吗？

=Dare he speak English before his class

27.happen vi. 发生；碰巧

?happen to do/ be doing/ have done/ be done 碰巧要做/正在做/做过/被做

?happen to sb 某人遇到；某人遭到

?It (just) so happens that… 碰巧…

?happen作“发生、碰巧”时，都是不及物动词，也不能用于被动语态。此外，take place, break out, occur,

come about 这些短语也都无被动语态。

Five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open.

五个月前的一个傍晚，我碰巧在楼上，当时窗户是开着的。

I happened to have seen the lost bike. 我碰巧见过那辆丢了的自行车。

My mom tells me that I can’t control what happen to me.

我妈妈告诉我，我控制不了发生在我身上的事。

It (just) so happened that he was upstairs. = He happened to be upstairs.

他碰巧在楼上。

28.face to face 面对面

?face to face 短语作状语，用来修饰句子中的动词。

?“名词+介词+名词”结构的短语还有：shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩；back to back 背对背；side by side 肩

并肩；step by step 逐步地；day after day 日复一日；year after year 年复一年；hand in hand 手牵手；

arm in arm 臂挽臂；等等。

?face-to-face 是复合形容词，用来修饰名词，作定语。

It’s better to talk with our friends face to face. 最好和我们的朋友面对面地交谈。

The couple walked along the street side by side. 这对夫妻肩并肩沿着大街走。

They went to a wonderful party yesterday. First, they danced face to face and then they had a face-to-face talk.

29.no longer 不再

?no longer = not …any longer，表示时间上不再延续，修饰延续性动词。

?no more = not …any more，表示动作不再延续，数量不再增加或者程度不再加深，修饰非延续性动词。

She no longer works here.= She doesn’t work here any longer. 她不在这里工作了。

Time lost will return no more. = Time lost will not return any more. 失去的时间不会再回来。

30.power n. 力量；能力；权力

?do everything in one’s po wer 尽全力做某事

?have the power to do sth 有做某事的能力

?be in power 执政，掌权（强调状态）

?come to power执政，掌权（强调动作）

?powerful adj. 有权势的，有能力的，有影响力的；反义：powerless adj. 无权的，无影响力的

Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。

I will do everything in my power to help you. 我会尽全力帮助你。

The president has the power to reject bills. 总统有权否决议案。

31. 辨析：情态动词+ have done表示对过去事情的推测；注：虚拟语气中除外。

1.could have done 可能做过某事（表示比较肯定的推测）/本能够做而未做

2.may /might have done 可能做过某事（表示不太确定的推测）

3.must have done 一定做过某事（非常肯定）

4.can’t /couldn’t have done 不可能做过某事

5.should have done = ought to have done本该做某事而未做

6.shouldn’t have done = ought not to have done 本不该做某事却做了

eg:史密斯先生不可能去了北京，因为我刚才在图书馆看见他了。

Mr. Smith can’t have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now.

对不起，我迟到了，我本该早点给你打电话的。

I am sorry for being late. I should have phoned you earlier.

你昨天本不该把真相告诉他的。

You shouldn’t have told him the truth yesterday.

32. make + 宾语+ 宾补

make 是使役动词，它的宾补用省略to 的不定式、形容词、过去分词和名词。

注意：make后面的宾补不能用现在分词，即：make sb doing×。

make后面的宾补为省略to的不定式时，即make sb do sth，在变为被动语态时，to要还原。Her mother made her stay at home.→She wa s made to stay at home by her mother.

1.make sb/sth do sth = have/let sb/sth do sth 使某人/某物去做某事

2.make sb/sth done = have sb/sth done 使某人/某事被…

3.make sb/sth + adj. 使某人/某物…

4.make sb/sth + n. 使某人/某物成为…

eg:他让她日夜工作。He made her work day and night.

她大声说以便自己的话被听清楚。

She spoke loudly so that she could make herself heard clearly.

她通过了考试，这使她的父母感到自豪。

She passed the exam, which make her parents proud.

我们让他当队长。

We made him captain of the team.

33. keep + 宾语+ 宾补

此结构表示“使…保持…”，宾补可以是形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词或过去分词。

注意：keep 后面的宾补不能用不定式，即keep sb/sth to do sth ×。

但是后面的宾补可以用现在分词，即keep sb/sth doing sth.

eg:他喜欢开着窗户睡觉。

He likes to keep the window open while sleeping.

他总是使车保持良好状态。

He always keeps the car in good condition.

对不起，让你久等了。I am sorry to keep you waiting so long.

多听少讲。Keep your mouth shut and your ears open.

34. wonder vi&vt 疑惑、想知道、怀疑；.(对优美事物或新鲜事物)惊叹、惊奇；.奇事、奇观。

1. I wonder if/whether…我不知是否…

此句型表示有礼貌地询问某事或请求帮助，其中if/whether引导宾语从句。多用于口语中。

eg.: 不知您能否帮我的忙。

I wonder if/whether you can help me.

我可不可以要一杯饮料？

I wonder if I might have a drink

2. wonder + who/what/how/where引导的从句，表示：想知道…

eg.: 我想知道詹姆斯的近况。

I wonder how James is getting on.

3.n.

eg.: 看见长城，我们满怀惊叹。

The sight of the Great Wall filled us with wonder.

世界七大奇观

the Seven Wonders of the World

4.(it’s) no/small/little wonder (th at) 并不奇怪，不足为奇

eg.: 怪不得你头痛，你昨晚喝太多了。

No wonder you’ve got a headache, the amount you drank last night.

5.it’s a wonder (that)令人惊奇的是

eg.: 竟然没有人受伤，真是奇迹。

It’s a wonder no one got hurt.

35. There was a time when…曾经有一段时间…

此句结构为：when 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a time, when 是关系副词，在从句中作时间状语。

eg: 曾经有一段时间我很容易生气。

There was a time when I became angry easily.

曾经有一段时间我们幸福地生活在一起。

There was a time we lived happily together.

36. It/This/That +is/was +the first…/last time that +sb +现在完成时/过去完成时

表示：这是某人第一次做…

eg.: 这是我第一次看到这里。

This/It is the first time that I have seen here.

这是我第二次吃汉堡。

This is the second time that I have eaten hamburgers.

这是他第三次被警告有危险了。

It was the third time that he had been warned of the danger.

37. settle vi.定居；vt. 使定居、解决

?settle down 定居下来

?settle down to（doing）sth 安心做某事

?settler n. 移民

eg.: 现在你该解决同你父亲之间的分歧了。

It’s time for you to settle your differences with your father.

他们把当地人迁移到别处定居。

They moved the local people and settled them in another place.

毫无疑问这是解决问题的最佳方式。

There is no doubt that it is the best way to settle the problem.

他们开始认真讨论问题。

They settled down to a serious discussion.

38. suffer vi.遭受、患病；vt.遭受、忍受

?suffer from 受…的折磨、患…病

?suffer pain/hardship/punishment 遭受痛苦/艰难/惩罚

?sufferer n.受苦难者、患病者

?suffering n.(肉体或者精神上的)痛苦、苦难

eg.: 她遭受孤独的折磨，但在那里她必须学会喜欢它。

She suffered from loneliness, but she had to learn to like it there.

他的腿受伤了，疼痛难忍。

His leg was broken and he suffered great pain.

人们极其痛苦。

The suffering of the people was extreme.

39. recover vi & vt. 恢复

?recover from 从…中恢复

?recovery n. 恢复

eg.: 在这么脏的房间里，琳达怎么能从疾病中恢复过来呢？

How could Linda recover from her illness in this dirty room

从一场重感冒中恢复过来花了他很长时间。

It took a long time for her to recover from a bad cold.

It took her a long time to recover from a bad cold.

她突然什么都看不见了，但是很快就恢复了视力。

She couldn’t see anything suddenly but she quickly recovered her sight.

医生们确信他会完全康复。

The doctors are confident he’ll make a full recovery.

40. get/be tired of 对…厌烦

?get/be tired of 对…感到厌倦

?get/be tired from 因…感到疲惫

?tire sb out 使某人感到疲惫不堪

eg.: 我已经厌倦了透过脏兮兮的窗帘和布满灰尘的窗户看大自然了。

I’ve got tired of looking at nature through dirty curtains and dusty windows.

读书经常使我疲劳，有时筋疲力尽，但我不讨厌读书。

I am often tired from reading and sometimes I am tired out, but I am not tired of it.

41. h ave trouble with …和某人有矛盾；在某事上有麻烦

have trouble/difficulty/problems with sth. 做某事有困难

have trouble/difficulty/problems (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难

eg.: 现在我跟班上同学有些矛盾。

I am having some trouble with my classmates at the moment.

我通常知道我想说什么，但是用语言表达出来却有困难。

I often know what to say but have trouble (in) expressing it in words.

让我说服她让步极其困难。

I had the greatest difficulty (in) persuading her to give in.

我们毫不费力就找到了那个房子。

We had no difficulty (in) finding the house.

42. get along with 与…和睦相处

在陈述句中，along 后面可用well、badly、nicely等副词修饰。在特殊疑问句中用how 来对这些副词提问。例：How are you getting on with you study 你的学习怎么样？

?get along/on with sb 同某人相处融洽

?get along/on with sth （谈及或问及工作情况）进展、进步

?get around 传播、流传

?get down to (doing) sth 开始（做）某事

?get together 相聚

?get out of sth 摆脱（责任或义务）、逃避

?get up 站起、起身、起床

?get over 克服、完成

eg.: 我跟我们班一个男生相处得很好。

I’m getting along well with a boy in my class.

除此之外，我们应该学会如何与其他人和睦相处。

In addition，we should learn how to get along with others.

这消息一传开，人们都往这地方赶来。

When the news got around, people quickly headed for this place.

你应该开始认真地做些练习了，不然你就要落在别的同学后面了。

You should get down to some practice or the other students will leave you behind.

43. fall in love 相爱、恋爱

?fall in love with sb 爱上某人

?be in love with sb 爱着某人

eg.: 那个男孩和那个女孩相爱了。

The boy and the girl fell in love.

她一直爱着住在另一个小镇上的那个男孩。

She is in love with the boy living in another town.

She is in love with the boy who is living in another town.

44. join in 参加

?join sb. 跟某人一起

?join the party/the army/the club 入党/参军/参加俱乐部

?join in (sth/doing sth) 加入（某事/做某事）

?join sb. in doing sth. 加入某人做某事

eg.: 他们邀请我加入篮球比赛。They invited me to join in the basketball game.

They invited me to join in the basketball game.

她只是听，但是从来不参与。She listens but never joins in .

She listens but never joins in.

我甚至加入了当地的钓鱼俱乐部，并且开始参加每月一次的会议。

I joined the local fishing club and started to attend the monthly meetings.

I even joined the local fishing club and started to attend the monthly meetings.

我的家人和我一同向您表示问候。

My family joined me in giving/sending our regards to you.

My family joined me in sending our regards to you.

辨析：join通常指加入某个团体或组织，宾语常是party、army、club或sb。

join in指参与到某项比赛、游戏或活动中。

take part in 指参加群众性的活动，强调参加该活动并在其中发挥一定作用。

attend 常指出席或参加会议、仪式、婚礼、葬礼、典礼、上课、上学、听报告等。