英美国家概况复习资料
《英美国家概况》
I.Multiple Choices:Choose one right answer from the four choices:
1.The highest mountain in Britain is____.
A.Scafell
B.Ben Nevis
C.the Cotswolds
D.the Forth
2.The longest river in Britain is_____.
A.the Clyde
B.the Mersey
C.the Severn
D.the Thames
3.The largest lake in Britain is_____.
A.the Lough Neage
B.Windermere Water
C.Coniston Water
D.the Lake District
4.Which part of Britain is always fighting?
A.England
B.Scotland
C.Wales
D.Northem Ireland
5.The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from_____.
A.Europe
B.the United States
C.Africa
D.the West Indies,
6.The first inhabitants in Britain were_____.
A.the Normans
B.the Celts
C.the Iberians
D.the Anglo-Saxons
7.British Recorded history began with_____.
A.Roman invasion
B.the Norman Conquest
C.the Viking and Danish invasion
D.the Anglo-Saxons invasion
8.In829,_____actually became the overlord of all the English.
A.John
B.James I
C.Egbert
D.Henry I
9.Christmas Day____,Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.
A.1056
B.1066
C.1006
D.1060
10.Henry II was the first king of the_____dynasty.
A.Windsor
B.Tudor
C.Malcolm
D.Plantagenet
11.In1265____summoned the Great Council,which has been seen as the earliest parliament.
12.The Hundred Years’war started in____and ended in____,in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of____.
A.1337,1453,Flanders
B.1337,1453,Calais
C.1346,1453,Argencourt
D.1346,1453,Brest
13.The Wars of Roses lasted for_____years and king_____was replaced by king_____.
A.30,Richard III,Henry Tudor
B.50,Richard III,Henry Tudor
B. C.30,Richard I,Henry Tudor D.50,Richard I,Henry Tudor
14.The Renaissance began in____in the early____century.
A.England,14
B.England,15
C.Italy,14
D.Italy,15
15.The English Civil War is also called_____.
A.the Glorious Revolution
B.the Bloody Revolution
C.the Catholic Revolution
D.the Puritan Revolution
16.In_____,a small group of Puritans sailed from_____in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the North America.
A.1620,London
B.1620,Plymouth
C.1720,London
D.1720,Plymouth
17.In the18th century,there appeared____in England,which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.
A.the Industrial Revolution
B.the Bourgeois Revolution
C.the Wars of the Roses
D.the Religious Reformation
18.English colonial expansion began with the colonization of_____in1583.
A.Canada
B.Australia
C.India
D.Newfoundland
19._____was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced American:
A.Edward VIII
B.Edward VII
C.George VI
D.George VII
20.In January_____Britain became a member of the European Economic Community.
A.1957
B.1967
C.1973
D.1979
21.soon after_____,Britain not only gave up its econmic hegemony but also suffered a deep loss of its position of industrial leadership.
A.1900
B.the First World War
C.the Second World War
D.1960
22.In the1970s among the developed countries,Britain maintained the lowest_____rate and the highest_____rate.
A.inflation,growth
B.growth,inflation
C.growth,divorce
D.growth,birth
23.The following are all reasons of British decline of coal industry except_____.
A.the exhaustion of old mines
B.costly extraction
B. C.little money being invested D.the labour shortage
24.Britain’s foreign trade is mainly with_____.
A.developing countries
B.other Commonwealth countries
C.other developed countries
D.EC
25.The House of Lords is presided over by_____.
A.the Lord Chancellor
B.the Queen
C.the Archbishop of Canterbury
D.the Prime Minister
26.A General Election is held every_____years and there are_____members of Parliaments are elected.
A.five,600
B.five,650
C.five,651
D.four,651
27.The Prime Minister is appointed by_____and he or she always sits in_____.
A.the Archbishop of Canterbury,the House of Commons
B.the Archbishop of Canterbury,the House of Lords
C.the Queen,the House of Commons
D.the Queen,the House of Lords
28.The ultimate authority for law-making resides in_____.
A.the Queen
B.the Cabinet
C.the House of Lords
D.the House of Commons
29.The sources of British law include_____.
A.statutes,common law,equity law and European Community law
B.statutes,common law and equity law
C.statutes,common law and European Community law
D.a complete code and statutes
30.In criminal trials by jury,_____passes sentenced and_____decide the issue of guilt or innocence.
A.the judge,the jury
B.the judge,the judge
C.the jury,the jury
D.the Lord Chancellor,the jury
答案
I.Multiple Choices:Choose one right answer from the four choices.
1.B
2.C
3.A
4.D
5.D
6.C
7.A
8.C
9.B10.D
11.D12.B13.A14.C15.D
16.B17.A18.D19.A20.C
II.Fill in the blanks:
1.Ceographically speaking,the north and west of Britain are_______,while the east and south-east are mostly______.
2.Welsh is located in the______of Great Britain.
3.The ancestors of the English______,while the Scots,Welsh and Irish the______.
4.In the mid-5th century,three Teuronic tribes______,_____,and_____invaded Britain.Among them,the_____gave their name to English people.
5.The battle of_______witnessed the death of Harold in October,106
6.
6.Under William,the______system in England was completely established.
7.The property record in William’s time is known as______,which was compiled in_____.
8._____’s grave became a place of pilgrimage in and beyond chaucer’s time after he was murdered.
9.______was the deadly bubonic plague,which reduced England’s population from four million to______million by the end of the14th century.
10.One of the consequences of the Uprising of1381was the emergence of a new class of______farmers.
11.James I and his son Charles I both believed firmly in______.
12.During the Civil War,the Cavaliers supported________,while the Roundheads supported_______.
13.After the Civil War,Oliver Cromwell declared England a______,later,he became_________.
14.In1707,the Act of_______united England and______.
15.The two parties originated with the Glorious Revolution were_____and_______.The former were the forerunners of the______Party,the latter were of the______party.
16.In1765,the Scottish inventor_____produced a very efficient_____that could be applied to textile and other machinery.
17.After the Industrial Revolution,Britain became the“______”of the world.
18.During the Second World War________led Britain to final victory in1945.
19.In1974and1977,the two______shock caused inflation to rise dramatically.
20.Natural gas was discovered in1965and oil in1970under_______.
II.Fill in the blanks:
1.highlands,lowlands
2.west
3.Anglo-Saxons,Celts
4.Jutes,Saxons,Angles,Angles
5.Hastings
6.feudal
7. Domesday Book,1086
8.Thomas Becket
9.Black Death,two10.yeomen11.the Divine Right of Kings12.the king, the https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a116778775.html,monwealth,Lord Protector14.Union,Scotland15.Whigs Tories Liberal Conservative16.James Watt steam engine17.workship18.Winston Churchill
19.oil20.the North Sea
III.Explain the following terms.
1.the Hardian’s Wall:It was one of the two great walls built by the Romans to keep the Picts out of the area they had conquered.
2.Alfred the Great Alfred was a strong king of the wisemen.It was created by the Anglo-Saxons to advise the king.It’s the basis of the Privy Council which still exists today.
3.William the Conqueror William was Duke of Normandy.He landed his army in Oct,1066and defeated king Harold. Then he was crowned king of England on Christams Day the same year.He established a strong Norman government and the feudal system in England.
4.the battle of Hastings In1066,King Edward died with no heir,the Witan chose Harold as king.William,Duke of Normandy,invaded England.On October14,the two armies met near Hasting.After a day’s battle,Harold was killed and his army completely defeated.So this battle was very important on the way of the Roman conquest.
5.Domesday Book Under William,the feudal system was established.William sent officials to compile a property record known as Domesday Book,which completed in108
6.It was the result of a general survey of England made in 1085.It stated the extent,value,the population,state of cultivation,and ownership of the land.It seemed to the English like the Book of doom on Judgement Day.
6.the Great Charter King John’s reign caused much discontent among the barons.In1215,he was forced to sign a document,known as Mangna Cara,or the Great Charter.It has63clauses.Though it has long been regarded as the foundation of English liberities,its spirit was the limitation of the king’s powers,keeping them within the bounds of the feudal law of the land.
7.the Hundred Years’War It referred to the intermittent war between France and England that last from1337to1453. The causes were partly territorial and partly economic.When Edward III claimed the French Crown but the French
refused to recognize,the war broke out.At first the English were successful,but in the end,they were defeated and lost almost all their possessions in France.The expelling of the English was a blessing for both countries.
8.Joan of Arc She was a national heroine of France during the Hundred Years’War.She successfully led the French to drive the English out of France.
9.the Black Death It was the deadly bubonic plague who spread through Europe in the14th century.It swept through England without warning and any cure,and sparing no victims.It killed between half and one-third of the population of England.Thus,much land was left untended and labour was short.It caused far-reaching economic consequences.
10.the Wars of Roses They referred to the battles between the House of Lancaster and the House of York between1455 and1485.The former was symbolized by the red rose,and the latter by the white one.After the wars,feudalism received its death blow and the king’s power became supreme.Thdor monarchs ruled England and Wales for over two hundred years.
11.Bloody Mary Henry VIII’s daughter and a devout Catholic.When she became Queen,she persecuted and burnt many Protestants.So she was given the nickname“Bloody Mary”.Mary is also remembered as the monarch who lost the French port of Calais.
12.Elizabeth I One of the greatest monarchs in British history.She reigned England,Wales and Ireland for45years and remained single.Her reign was a time of confident English nationalism and of great achievements in literature and other arts,in exploration and in battle.
13.Oliver Cromwell The leader during the Civil War who led the New Model Army to defeat the king and condemned him to death.Then he declared England a Commonwealth and made himself Lord of Protector.He ruled England till the restoration of charles II in1660.
14.the Bill of Rights In1689,William and Mary accepted the Bill of Rights to be crowned jointly.The bill excluded any Roman Catholic from the succession,confirmed the principle of parliamentary supremacy and guaranteed free speech within both the two Houses.Thus the age of constitutional monarchy began.
15.Whigs and Tories It referred to the two party names which originated with the Glorious Revolution of1688.The Whigs were those who opposed absolute monarchy and supported the right to religious freedom for Noncomformists. The Tories were those who supported hereditary monarchy and were reluctant to remove kings.The Whigs formed a coalition with dissident Tories and became the Liberal Party.The Tories were the forerunners of the Conservative Party.
16.James Watt The Scottish inventor who produced an efficient steam engine with rotary motion that could be applied to textile and other machinery.
17.Winston Churchill Prime Minister of Britain during the Second World War.He took over Chamberlain in1940and received massive popular support.He led his country to final victory in1945.He was defeated in the general election of 1945,but returned to power in1951.
18.Agribusiness It refers to the new farming in Britain,because it’s equipped and managed like an industrial business with a set of inputs into the farm of processes which occur on the farm,and outputs or products which leave the farm. The emphasis is upon intensive farming,designes to give the maximum output of crops and animals.
19.the British Constitution There is no written constitution in the United Kingdom.The British Constitution is not set out in any single document,but made up of statute law,common law and conventions.The Judiciary determines common law and interpret statues.
20.Queen Elizabeth II The present Sovereign,born in1926,came to the throne in1952and was crowned in1953.The Queen is the symbol of the whole nation,the center of many national ceremonies and the leader of society.
IVRead the following statements carefully and decide if each of them is True or False:(20points)
()1.The Bill of Rights is the term for the first twelve amendments to the Constitution.
()2.The stock market crash in1929was the beginning of a long economic depression in the U.S.
()3.George Washington was the first president of the United States.
()4.The system of the parliamentary government of the U.K.is based on a written constitution.
()5.Benjamin Franklin alone drafted the Declaration of Independence,and on July4,1776,the Congress adopted the declaration.
()6.Britain was the first country to start the Industrial Revolution which contributed to the establishment of the British Empire.
()7.The word English means“the language that belongs to the Angles.”
()8.The Pennines are known as the“Backbone of England”.
()9.The largest lake in Britain is the Lough Neagh Lake in Wales which covers an area of397square kilometers.
()10.Both the First Continental Congress and the Second Continental Congress were held in Boston.
()11.The American Constitution founded feudalism and introduced checks and balances.
()12.The national church in Scotland is also the Church of England.
()13.Of all the English university Oxford and Cambridge are the most prestigious
()14.The House of Lords is now made up of two kinds of Lords:the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal.
()15.William,Duke of Normandy,founded a strong fleet which first beat the Danes at sea and he became known as “Father of the British Navy.”
()16.Anglo-Saxons in Britain are believed to be ancestors of the Highland Scots,the Irish and the Welsh people.
()17.After Margaret Thatcher was elected Britain’s first ever woman prime minister in1979,she adopted a new program to cure the“British disease”.
()18.America Vespucci proved that the land discovered by Columbus was not Indian,but a new continent.As a result, the new continent was named after him and became known as America.
()19.Declaration of Independence was formally adopted by the Continental Congress on July14,1776,a day which has been celebrated each year as Independence Day of the United States.
()20.When the news of American victory at Yorktown reached London,the Parliament voted to end the War and peace negotiation began in1782.
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IIV Give an one-sentence answer to each of the following questions.
1.What is the longest river in Britain?
The longest river in Britain is Severn river.
2.How long did the Wars of the Roses go on?
The War of the Roses went on for30years.
3.When did American Civil War break out?
.American Civil War began in1861.
4.What were the mainstream Americans called?
The mainstream Americans are called WASPs.
5.What does American Congress consist of?
American Congress consists of Senate and House of Representatives.
IIIV Write between100-150words on the following topic:(10points)
Cold War
Key to Model2
Some historians say that the world entered Cold War immediately after the Second World War ended.The conflicts arose basically from the separate concepts of postwar world order.The United States,relying on its large economic and military strength,tried to play the role of world police under the pretext of fighting against the Soviet expansion.The Soviet Union put forward the theory that there could be no long-term peaceful coexistence between socialism and capitalism and the Soviet Union should rapidly build up its strength for the final struggle against capitalism,represented by the United States and Britain.Cold War was characterized by international tension and conflicts without bloody“hot war”between the Soviet Union and the United States.Cold War did not end until after the collapse of Berlin Wall in 1989.
英美概况美国部分整理
America The Founding of Colonies殖民地的建立 First Inhabitants：American Indians Discovery of the New World： 1492 Christopher Columbus →the discoverer of America (Italian)Spanish Queen’ s support 1501-2 Amerigo Vespucci →the new land was name after him as America. reached the mouth of Amazon River America—the New World Europe—the Old World 13 colonies： New England Colonies: Mid Atlantic Colonies: Southern Colonies: Massachusetts →（2nd colony，1620）New York Maryland New Hampshire Pennsylvania Virginia →（1st colony，1607）Rhode Island Delaware North Carolina Connecticut South Carolina Georgia →（the last colony，1733）New England Region（6个）: Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Maine and Vermont 建立原因： Virginia, 1607 Virginia Company For foreign expansion as a way of easing religious dispute and economic distress in England 105 men (no women) Jamestown in honor of the king Massachusetts In 1620 102 Puritans (“Pilgrim Fathers”), in Mayflower, from Plymouth in England to America First in Plymouth (today’s Massachusetts); and then Boston Seek religious freedom Mayflower Compact <五月花号公约>：self-government Hardships when arrived the help of the Indians Thanksgiving Day to thank the Indians and the God for protection The next three colonies Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire Reasons: 1. religious disputes and struggles in Massachusetts intensified 2. more immigrants
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英语国家概况试卷
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英语国家概况美国部分精讲系列
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英美概况期末试题
I.Explain the following terms: 1.the British Isles 2.Poets’ Corner 3.EU 4.the Conservative Party 5.the Seven Year’s War 6.WASPs 7.“roaring 20s” 8.melting pot 9.British Empire 10.system of US politic I.Translate the following into Chinese: 1.Westminster Abby 2.the Church of England https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a116778775.html,monwealth 4.Mr. Speaker 5.Judicial System 6.the Great Charter 7.the House of Plantagenet 8.Puritans 9.monopoly capitalism 10.the first Pan-American Conferencce II.Multi-choices: 1.The longest river in Britain is the _____ River. (Severn, Thames, Mersey, Humber) 2.The leading anthracite coalfields in Britain are in__ (Scotland, England, Wales, ) 3.The English people are descendants of____ (Celts, Roman, Anglo-Saxons) 4.The established church of Britain is___ (the Church of England, Free churches, ) 5.Easter is kept, commemorating the __ (coming, birth, death, resurrection) of Jesus Christ. 6.In Britain, government cannot spend any money without the permission of___. (the Queen, the Prime Minister, the House of Commons, the House of Lords) 7.All the government ministers of Britain must be members of_____. (the House of Lords, the House of Common, the Privy Council, Parliament) 8.___ is the largest state of the US in area.(Hawii, Texas, Alaska, Pennsylvania) 9.The dominant ethnic group in the US today is_____. (the black people, WASPs, Asian Americans, Hispanics) 10.People in the US have kept moving westward for reasons except___. (religious freedom, fertile soil in the West, good climate in the west, discovery gold) 11.The Constitution of the United State was framed in ___in 1787. (Washington, Boston, New York, Philadelphia) 12.The President of the US exercises the ____ power. (legislative, executive, judicial, veto) 13.Congress can veto the President’s veto by a ___ vote of the full membership of Both houses.(two-fifths, two-thirds, three-fourths, three-fifths) 14.The Constitution of US says that only___ can declare war upon other nation.
英美概况美国部分复习.docx
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英美国家概况期末试题A卷
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The industrial revolution refers to the mechanization of industry and the consequent changes in social and economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Britain was the first country to industrialize. The industrial revolution A period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, production, and transportation had a profound effect on the socioeconomic and cultural conditions in Britain. The Industrial Revolution, was a period of unprecedented technological, economic and social change that completely transformed British culture from a largely rural, static society with limited production and division of labour into the world's first modern industrial society. the Black Death It was the deadly bubonic plague who spread through Europe in the 14th century. It swept through England without warning and any cure, and sparing no victims. It killed between half and one-third of the population of England. Thus, much land was left untended and labor was short. It caused far-reaching economic consequences. The Black Death----It was one of the deadliest pandemics in human history, peaking in Europe between 1348 and 1350. It is widely thought to have been an outbreak of bubonic plague caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestisis and have started in Central Asia. It came without warning, and without any cue.The Black Death is estimated to have killed30% to 60% of Europe's population and had profound effects on the course of European history. In England, it killed almost half of the total population, causing far-reaching economic consequences. the Progressive Movement The Progressive Movement is a movement demanding government regulation of the economy and social conditions. It spread quickly with the support of large numbers of people across the country. It was not an organized campaign with clearly defined goals.(Rather, it was a number of diverse efforts at political, social, and economic reforms. In spite of limitations of the movement, it brought about changes and improvement in many fields.) Roman Britain was the part of the island of Great Britain controlled by the Roman Empire between AD 43 and about 410. Britannia already had cultural and economic links with Continental Europe, but the invaders introduced new developments in agriculture, urbanisation, industry and architecture, leaving a legacy that is still apparent today. The first Romans to campaign extensively in Britain were
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