天津市2020年高中物理学业水平等级性考试模拟试题七2020061001136

天津市2020年高中物理学业水平等级性考试模拟试题（七）

本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，满分100分

第Ⅰ卷（选择题）

注意事项：

每小题选出答案后，填入答题纸的表格中，答在试卷上无效。 本卷共8题，每题5分，共40分。

一、选题题（每小题5分，共25分。每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项是正确的）

1．中国散裂中子源（CSNS ）已通过验收，它是探测物质微观结构和运动的重要科研装置。有关中子的研究，下列说法正确的是（ ）

A ．β衰变的实质在于核内的中子转化成了一个质子和一个电子

B ．一个氘核和一个氚核经过核反应后生成氦核和中子是裂变反应

C ．卢瑟福通过分析α粒子散射实验结果，发现了质子和中子

D ． Th 核发生一次α衰变，新核与原来的原子核相比，中子数减少了4

2．如图所示描述了封闭在某容器里的理想气体在温度a T 和b T 下的速率分布情况，下列说法正确的是（ ）

A ．a b T T >

B ．随着温度升高，每一个气体分子的速率都增大

C ．随着温度升高，气体分子中速率大的分子所占的比例会增加

D ．若从a T 到b T 气体的体积减小，气体一定从外界吸收热量

3．一理想变压器原、副线圈匝数比为3：1，原线圈与小灯泡D 串联后，接入一电压有效值恒定的正弦交流电源；副线圈电路中连接可变电阻R 和电流表，电流表内阻不计，如图所示。若改变R 的阻值，使电流表的示数变为原来的两倍。则（ ）

A ．小灯泡D 的亮度变暗

B ．副线圈的电压变小

C ．R 的阻值大于原来的一半

D ．变压器的输入功率变为原来的两倍

4．我们的银河系的恒星中大约四分之一是双星．某双星由质量不等的星体S 1和S 2构成，两星在相互之间的万有引力作用下绕两者连线上某一定点C 做匀速圆周运动．由天文观察测得其运动周期为T ，S 1到C 点的距离为r 1，S 1和S 2的距离为r ，已知引力常量为G ．因此可求出S 2的质量为（ ） A ．

()2212

4πr r r GT

-

B ．2212

4πr GT C ．2312

4πr GT D ．2212

4πr r GT

5．如图甲所示，水平面上一质量为m 的物体在水平力F 作用下开始加速运动，力F 的功率P 保持恒定，运动过程中物体所受的阻力f 大小不变，物体速度最终达到最大值max v ，此过程中物体速度的倒数

1

v

与加速度a 的关系图象如图乙所示。仅在已知功率P 的情况下，根据图象所给信息可知以下说法错误的是（ ）

A ．2max 1s 0m /v =

B ．30

m P =

C ．图象的斜率为

f P

D ．f =0.1P

二、选择题（每小题5分，共15分。每小题给出的四个选项中，都有多个选项是正确的。全部选对的得5分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错或不答的得0分）

6．波长为1λ和2λ的两束可见光分别入射到同一个双缝上，可在光屏上观察到干涉条纹，其中波长为1λ的光的条纹间距小于波长为2λ的条纹间距。则（下列表述中，下标“1”和“2”分别代表波长为1λ和2λ的光所对应的物理量）（ ）

A ．这两束光的波长1λ>2λ

B ．这两束光从玻璃射向真空时，其临界角12

C C <

C ．若这两束光都能使某种金属发生光电效应，则遏止电压12c c U U >

D ．若这两束光由氢原子从不同激发态跃迁到n=2能级时产生，则相应激发态的电离能12

E E ?>? 7．两列在同一介质中的简谐横波沿相反方向传播，某时刻两列波相遇，如图所示，其中实线波的频率为2.50Hz ，图示时刻平衡位置x ＝3m 处的质点正在向上振动。则下列说法正确的是（ ）

A ．实线波沿x 轴正方向传播，虚线波沿x 轴负方向传播

B ．两列波在相遇区域发生干涉现象

C ．两列波的波速均为25m/s

D ．从图示时刻起再过0.025s ，平衡位置x ＝1.875m 处的质点将位于y ＝30cm 处

8．如图所示，竖直平面内有水平方向的匀强电场E ，A 点与B 点的连线垂直电场线，两个完全相同的带等量正电荷的粒子，以相同大小的初速度v 0分别从A 和B 点沿不同方向开始运动，之后都能到达电场中的N 点，粒子的重力不计，下列说法正确的是（ ）

A ．两粒子到达N 点所用的时间可能相等

B ．两粒子到达N 点时的速度大小一定相等

C ．两粒子在N 点时的动能可能小于各自初始点的动能

D ．两粒子整个运动过程机械能的增加量一定相等

第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）

注意事项：

请用黑色墨水的钢笔或签字笔将答案写在答题纸相应的范围内。

解答题应写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要的演算步骤，只写出最后答案的不能得分。有数值计算的，答案中必须明确写出数值和单位。

本卷共4题，共60分。

9．（12分）

（1）图甲是“研究平抛物体运动”的实验装置图，通过描点画出平抛小球的运动轨迹．

①以下是实验过程中的一些做法，其中合理的有________．

a．安装斜槽轨道，使其末端保持水平

b．每次小球释放的初始位置可以任意选择

c．每次小球应从同一高度由静止释放

d．为描出小球的运动轨迹，描绘的点可以用折线连接

②实验得到平抛小球的运动轨迹，在轨迹上取一些点，以平抛起点O为坐标原点，测量它们的水平坐标x 和竖直坐标y，图乙中y-x2图象能说明平抛小球运动轨迹为抛物线的是________．

③图丙是某同学根据实验画出的平抛小球的运动轨迹，O为平抛的起点，在轨迹上任取两点A、B，测得A、B两点纵坐标y1＝5.0cm，y2＝45.0cm，A、B两点水平间距Δx＝40.0cm.则平抛小球的初速度v0为_______ m/s。

（2）电流传感器可以像电流表一样测量电流。不同的是它的反应非常快，可以捕捉到瞬间的电流变化。此外，由于它与计算机相连，还能显示出电流随时间变化的I-t图像。如图甲所示连接电路。直流电源电动势8V，内阻可忽略，电容器可选几十微法的电解电容器。先使开关S与1端相连，电源向电容器充电，这个过程可在短时间内完成。然后把开关S掷向2端，电容器通过电阻R放电，传感器将电流信息传入计算机，屏幕上显示出电流随时间变化的I-t图像，一位同学得到的I-t图像如图乙所示。

①在图乙I-t图中用阴影标记了一个竖立的狭长矩形（在图的1s附近），这个阴影面积的物理意义是

_______________。

②根据I-t图像可估算电容器在全部放电过程中释放的电荷量为 __________________。

③如果不改变电路其他参数，只增大电阻R，充电时I-t曲线与横轴所围成的面积将___________(填“增大、不变、变小”)；充电时间将_______________(填“变长、不变、变短”)。

10．（14分）如图所示，水平光滑导轨足够长，导轨间距为L，导轨间分布有竖直方向的匀强磁场，磁感应强度为B，导轨左端接有阻值为R的电阻，电阻两端接一理想电压表。一金属棒垂直放在导轨上，其在轨间部分的电阻也为R。现用一物块通过跨过定滑轮的轻绳从静止开始水平牵引金属棒，开始时，物块距地

面的高度为h ，物块落地前的一小段时间内电压表的示数稳定为U 。已知物块与金属棒的质量相等，不计导轨电阻和滑轮质量与摩擦，导轨始终与金属棒垂直且紧密接触。求：

（1）金属棒的最大速度v ； （2）物块的质量m ；

（3）棒从静止开始到物块刚要落地的过程中，电阻R 上产生的热量Q 。

11．（16分）如图所示，一倾角037α=、长度4S m =的固定斜面，其底端与长木板B 上表面等高，B 静止在粗糙水平地面上，左端与斜面接触但不粘连，斜面底端与木板B 的上表面接触处圆滑。一可视为质点的小滑块A 从斜面顶端处由静止开始下滑，最终A 刚好未从木板B 上滑下。已知A 、B 的质量相等，A 与斜面的动摩擦因数10.5μ=，A 与B 上表面间的动摩擦因数2

0.4,B μ=与地面间的动摩擦因数

230.1,10/g m s μ==，00sin 370.6,cos370.8==。求：

（1）当A 刚滑上B 的上表面时的速度0v 的大小； （2）木板B 的长度L ；

12．（18分）实验宣中常用粒子加速器来获得高速粒子，某两级串列加速器外形设计酷似“U"型，其结构如图所示，其中ab 、cd 为底面为正方形的长方体加速管，加速管长为L ，底面边长为0

r 且两加速管底面在同

一平面内。两加速管中心轴线间的距离为019r D =，加速管内有和轴线平行的匀强电场。端面b 、d 的下方

区域存在垂直两加管轴线平面的匀强磁场，磁感强度大小为B 。现将速度很小的一价带负电粒子均匀地从a 端面输入，在ab 管中被加速后，垂直进入匀强磁场，到达d 处时，可被设在d 处的特殊装置将其电子剥离(粒子速度不变，特殊装置大小可忽略)，成为三价正粒子，沿轴线进入的粒子恰能沿两加速管轴线加速，已知b 、d 两端电势相等，a 、c 两端电势相等，元电荷为e ，该粒子质量为m ，不计粒子重力及粒子间相互作用力。

（1）试求a 、b 两端面之间的电势差；

（2）仅改变加速管电压，则粒子在加速器中经历的最短时间是多少；

（3）实际工作时，磁场可能会与设计值B 有一定偏差B ?，而会以B B -?至B B +?间的某一确定值工作，若要求至少有90%的粒子能成功加速，试求偏差B ?的最大值。

参考答案

9、【答案】

（1）ac c 2.0

（2）通电0.2秒充入电容（流过电阻R ）的电荷量 （1.4~1.8）?10-3

不变 变长

10、【解析】

（1）设金属棒的最大速度v ，根据法拉第电磁感应定律可得：=E BLv 根据欧姆定律可得：

2E

I R

=

U IR =

联立解得金属棒的最大速度：2U

v BL

= （2）根据欧姆定律可得：U I R

=

对棒分析，根据平衡条件可得：mg F =安 而：F

安

=BIL

联立解得物块的质量：BUL

m gR

=

（3）棒从静止开始到物块刚要落地的过程中，由能量守恒可得：21

()2

mgh m m v Q =

++总 电阻R 上产生的热量：1

=2

Q Q 总322BULh U R BLgR =- 11、【解析】

（1）设A 物块从斜面下滑过程中加速度大小为1a ，由牛顿第二定律和运动学公式得：

11sin cos mg mg ma αμα-=，

2

012v a S =，

或2

101sin cos 2

mgS mgS mv αμα-=

，

得04/v m s =；

（2）A 物块滑上B 后，A 与B 上表面间的摩擦力22f mg μ=，B 与地面间的最大静摩擦力

33232,f mg f f μ=>，故A 先做匀减速运动，B 先做匀加速运动；当A 、B 共速后保持相对静止共同减速直

至静止。木板B 的长度为A 、B 共速时二者的位移差。设A 、B 共速时的速度为v ，

22mg ma μ=，2332mg mg ma μμ-=，

02v v a t =-，3v a t =，

22

0222v v a x -=-，2332v a v =，

或222201122mgx mv mv μ-=

-，()22331

22

mg mg x mv μμ-=， 20mgt mv mv μ-=-，()232mg mg t mv μμ-=，

得234

3

L x x m =-=。 12、【解析】

（1）粒子在加速管中的运动有：2

12

eU m v = 在磁场中运动有：2

evB m r

v =，2

D r =

得到：22

8e U m

D B =

（2）改变电势差后：'

2112m eU v =

，'22211122

3m m eU v v =- 粒子在加速管离运动的时间：11

12

22L

L

t v

v v =

+

+ 在磁场中运动的时间：212

T t =，2m

T qB π=

，12t t t =+ 若使t 最小，应使1v 最大，此时：'

2

D r r +=

联立上述可得：0415L m

t eB r π??=+ ?

???

（3）按磁场设计值工作时，粒子在磁场中轨迹半径2r D =，要求至少90%的粒子能实现加速 若磁场'

B 变弱，则有

'

20.1D

r r

-<

若磁场'

B 变强，则有'

20.1D r

r

-<

所以：max

191

B

B

<

?。

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成人高等教育学士学位英语模拟试题及答案解析（13） (1~5/共20题)Reading Comprehension Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished .statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Concerning money or anything else, conflicts between husband and wife usually reflect a power struggle. Conflicts between parent and child often center around the same issue. As children enter adolescence, they begin to demand greater freedom to go where they please, do what they please, and make decisions without parental interference. Many American parents do not know how to deal with their teenagers and seek advice from books, lectures, and parent training courses. Parents want to maintain a friendly relationship with their teenagers and also want to guide them so that their behavior will be whatever the parents consider proper and constructive. But in a society of rapidly changing social and moral values, parents and children often disagree about what is important and what is fight. Arguments may concern such unimportant matters as styles of dress or hairdos. But quarrels may also concern school work, after school jobs, decisions, use of the family car, dating, and sex behavior. Some families have serious problems with teenagers who drop out of school, run away from home, or use illegal drugs. Because so much publicity is given to the problem teenager, one gets the impression that all teenagers are troublemakers. Actually, relatively few adolescents do anything wrong, and nearly all grow up into "solid citizens" who fulfill most of their parents’ expectations. In fact, recent studies show that the "generation gap" is narrowing. The vast majority of teenagers share most of their parents’ values and ideas. Many parents feel that they get along with their adolescents quite well. 第1题 According to the writer, conflicts between husband and wife usually reflect ________ A.feeling of hatred B.power struggle C.that they don′t care for each other D.that they may appeal to divorce 第2题 As children enter adolescents, they begin to do the following EXCEPT________ A.demanding greater freedom to go wherever they please B.making decisions without parental interference C.getting married whenever they please D.doing what they please 第3题 ". . . generation gap is narrowing. "means________ A.the adolescents now become timid B.parents come to get along with their children C.the vast majority of teenagers share most of their parents values and ideas D.parents and teenager don′t like to quarrel 第4题