南京林业大学研究生英语期末试题(A)

2010年6月

Part I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (20 points, 1 point each)

Section A

Listen to the conversations carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard.

1. a. The bookstore is rarely crowded.

b. The woman has bought all her textbooks for this semester.

c. Many students have used books to sell.

d. Last semester’s books cost the woman several hundred dollars.

2. a. The graph is in the center of the page.

b. She can’t discuss the problem until later.

c. She’s only finished half of the document.

d. They should look for another graph immediately.

3. a. He’s supposed to go to the meeting.

b. He wants the woman to give George the message.

c. He doesn’t know why George can’t attend the meeting.

d. He forgot to deliver a messag

e.

4. a. End his conversation quickly. b. Make several calls for the woman.

c. Take the phone off the hook.

d. Write down his phone number.

5. a. Return his literature books to the library.

b. Keep his books from the literature class.

c. Sell his literature books to the woman.

d. give his literature books to his roommat

e.

6. a. Fill out an application form.

b. Apply for a different position

c. File the papers in the cabinet.

d. Show her the advertisement from the newspaper

7. a. Go with her to the airport. b. Talk to her for a short time.

c. Find out when the plane is leaving.

d. Make the phone call now.

8. a. He will give the woman directions to Chicago.

b. He will drive the woman to Chicago.

c. He will get a map for the woman.

d. He will take the woman to the bookstor

e.

9. a. He didn’t show his paintings at the exhibit.

b. He didn’t see the paintings.

c. He doesn’t understand Ted’s art.

d. The exhibit was canceled.

10. a. The woman has canceled her trip to Iowa.

b. The snowstorm is getting weaker.

c. The man’s information isn’t accurate.

d. They also may get a lot of snow.

11. a. She will spend some time to get ready for the dinner.

b. She will join them for dinner on time.

c. She will go out shopping.

d. She will need all the time she can get to prepare for a test.

12. a. Take the class this semester. b. Get permission to take the class.

c. Take the class over again.

d. Register for the class next semester.

13. a. He doesn’t like his new eyeglass frames.

b. He hasn’t had a haircut.

c. He got his eyeglasses a long time ago.

d. He has been asked by several people about his new eyeglass frames.

14. a. He shouldn’t have applied for the job.

b. He is disappointed with his interview.

c. He performed well in the interview.

d. He doesn’t want to discuss the interview now.

15. a. She left the lecture for a few minutes.

b. She was reading during the lecture.

c. She may have fallen asleep.

d. She misunders tood the speakers’ last points.

Section B

Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each question you have heard.

16. a. To protect the United States from terrorist attacks.

b. To investigate threats from other countries.

c. To employ more people skilled in languages.

d. To appoint more people to intelligence positions.

17. a. The FBI has failed to collect information about religious organizations.

b. The FBI headquarters lacks skilled agents.

c. More hands are greatly needed in gathering information about terrorist attacks.

d. The FBI has been criticized for its actions in relation to the Sept. 11th terrorist attacks.

18. a. 11,500. b. 900. c. 500. d. 1,900.

19. a. People whose major is information technology.

b. People who studied foreign languages in college.

c. People skilled in computer technology, science and languages.

d. people skilled in gathering and studying intelligence information.

20. a. The new rules interfere with traditional American rights.

b. The new rules have threatened the safety of American Muslims.

c. The new rules will bring efficiency to the FBI.

d. Under the new rules, political dissenters will be expelled from the U.S.

PART II VOCABULARY (15 points, 0.5 point each )

Directions: There are 30 sentences in this section. Each sentence has one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word that is closest in meaning to the underlined one, and blacken the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.

21. I tried to explain, but he just gave me a blank look.

A. funny

B. expressionless

C. generous

D. attractive

22. There are literally millions of new acquaintances waiting to be picked up in a chat room to fill

that void.

A. vacancy

B. compensation

C. competency

D. completion

23. Far too often, even his parents, intimidated by the high-priced, high-tech gadget that has

sucked their child’s humanity away, tiptoe around rather than d isturb him.

A. united

B. composed

C. frightened

D. maimed

24. The whole planet has become a war zone generating a bio-crisis not just for individual species,

but for entire webs of life.

A. producing

B. enforcing

C. exemplifying

D. clarifying

25. I don’t know what will become of the boy if he keeps failing his exams.

A. happen to

B. blow down

C. attribute to

D. conflict with

26. Industrial contamination is pervasive, even in the fat cells of Antarctic penguins.

A. critical

B. widespread

C. undoing

D. frenzy

27. There are copious signs that our ability to feed ourselves is declining due to abuse and

over-exploitation of our food sources.

A. ideal

B. abundant

C. contrary

D. obvious

28. Our century has given a privileged layer or humanity an industrially organized life more

opulent, more wasteful yet also more alienated and depressed than that of any ancient king.

A. tangible

B. hypnotic

C. plentiful

D. improbable

29. Eco-efficiency had directed business to restrict industry and curtail growth.

A. tout

B. zinger

C. threaten

D. limit

30. Henry Ford, the American industrialist, was adamant about lean and clean operating policies.

A. solemn

B. unaware

C. unyielding

D. caustic

31. All biological nutrients should be designed to return to the organic cycle --- to be literally

consumed by microorganisms and other creatures in the soil.

A. briefly

B. wholly

C. exactly

D. hardly

32. As novel as eco-efficiency may have seemed at the Earth Summit in 1992, its roots go back to

early industrialization.

A. awful

B. hideous

C. queer

D. new

33. This paper presents some data from a survey of Open University undergraduate students

carried out early in 1998.

A. offers

B. inquires

C. wads

D. morphs

34. In a world where humans are the measure of all things, every unique manifestation of life

becomes merchandise and rare butterflies have little chance of living out their own evolutionary destiny.

A. impression

B. demonstration

C. exaggeration

D. investigation

35. Sadly, such macrocosmic insults as dam construction, logging, the use of biocides, and urban

sprawl function as a threat to butterflies and their habitat.

A. development

B. gadget

C. one-liner

D. expansion

36. There is a wide divergence of opinion about planetary carrying-capacity.

A. dilemma

B. agreement

C. disagreement

D. irony

37. I have practised Tai Chi, an ancient meditative martial art.

A. sporting

B. macrocosmic

C. thoughtful

D. traditional

38. She feels great empathy with her little daughter.

A. embassy

B. carrying

C. inspiring

D. sharing

39. Their willingness to compromise, to accept the idea that such give-and-take is part of life,

allows the game to proceed.

A. desensitize

B. stalk

C. suspend

D. continue

40. The act of playing with the Play-Doh sparks other interests --- maybe she’ll work with

modeling clay that she can bake into a permanent form, or paints.

A. incites

B. forms

C. smashes

D. enjoys

41. Pragmatic self-interest alone should teach us that we must change before nature exacts

inevitable revenge.

A. demands

B. provides

C. renews

D. inspired

42. An optimistic, problem-solving attitude can sometimes conceal a deeper despair.

A. diverge

B. hide

C. alter

D. intercept

43. Although it is cheap, the original high-quality material is not retrieved, and it eventually ends

up in landfill or incinerators.

A. improved

B. found

C. regained

D. depleted

44. Manufactured carpets are normally made from nylon embedded in fiberglass and PVC, along

with some biodegradable materials.

A. removed

B. retained

C. fixed

D. replaced

45. The same ideal was promoted by the Business Council in 1992, but with the catchier term

“eco-efficiency”.

A. refused

B. criticized

C. supported

D. corrected

46. It is difficult to get reliable data about use and access to ICTs in the home.

A. exact

B. proper

C. compulsory

D. dependable

47. Data from this group therefore gives some indication of what the similar population might be

experiencing nationally.

A. sign

B. privilege

C. prize

D. investigation

48. The data identifies a situation of unequal access to ICT hardware.

A. proves

B. facilitates

C. appeals to

D. predicted

49. It is the potential of electronic communication which ICTs offer that open new possibilities for

adult and continuing education.

A. advantage

B. possibility

C. inequality

D. interaction

50. A slightly larger percentage of men are using the web for study: 15%, compared with 13% of

women.

A. partial

B. proportion

C. number

D. amount

PART III READING COMPREHENSION (20 points, 1 point each )

Directions: In this part of the test, there are four passages for you to read. Read each passage carefully and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D and blacken the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.

Passage One

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

Professor Smith recently persuaded 35 people, 23 of them women, to keep a diary of all their absent-minded actions for a fortnight. When he came to analyze their embarrassing lapses ( 差错) in a scientific report, he was surprised to find that nearly all of them fell into a few groupings, nor did the lapses appear to be entirely random (随机的).

One of the women, for instance, on leaving her house for work one morning threw her dog her earrings and tried to fix a dog biscuit on her ear. “The explanation for this is that the brain is li ke a computer,” explains the professor. "People program themselves to do certain activities regularly. It was the woman's custom every morning to throw her dog two biscuits and then put on her earrings. But somehow the action got reversed in the program," About one in twenty of the incidents the volunteers reported were these "program assembly failures,"

Altogether the volunteers logged 433 unintentional actions that they found themselves doing -- an average of twelve each, There appear to be peak periods in the day when we are at our zaniest (荒谬可笑的). These are two hours some time between eight a.m. and noon, between four and six p.m. with a smaller peak between eight and ten p.m. "Among men the peak seems to be when a changeover in brain 'programs' occurs, as for instance between going to and from work." Women on average reported slightly more lapses -- 12.5 compared with 10.9 for men m probably because they were more reliable reporters.

A startling finding of the research is that the absent-minded activity is a hazard of doing things in which we are skilled. Normally, you would expect that skill reduces the number of errors we make. But trying to avoid silly slips by concentrating more could make things a lot worse m

even dangerous.

51. In his study Professor Smith asked the subjects_____.

A) to keep track of people who tend to forget things

B) to report their embarrassing lapses at random

C) to analyze their awkward experiences scientifically

D) to keep a record of what they did unintentionally

52. Professor Smith discovered that_____.

A) certain patterns can be identified in the recorded incidents

B) many people were too embarrassed to admit their absent-mindedness

C) men tend to be more absent-minded than women

D) absent-mindedness is an excusable human weakness

53. "Program assembly failures" (Line 6, Para. 2) refers to the phenomenon that people_____.

A) often fail to program their routines beforehand

B) tend to make mistakes when they are in a hurry

C) unconsciously change the sequence of doing things

D) are likely to mess things up if they are too tired

54. We learn from the third paragraph that_____.

A) absent-mindedness tends to occur during certain hours of the day

B) women are very careful to perform actions during peak periods

C) women experience more peak periods of absent-mindedness

D) men's absent-mindedness often results in funny situations

55. It can be concluded from the passage that_____.

A) people should avoid doing important things during peak periods of lapses

B) hazards can be avoided when people do things they are good at

C) people should be careful when programming their actions

D) lapses cannot always be attributed to lack of concentration

Passage Two

Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

Throughout the nation's more than 15,000 school districts, widely differing approaches to teaching science and math have emerged. Though there can be strength in diversity, a new international analysis suggests that this variability has instead contributed to lackluster (平淡的) achievement scores by U.S. children relative to their peers in other developed countries.

Indeed, concludes William H. Schmidt of Michigan State University, who led the new analysis, "no single intellectually coherent vision dominates U.S. educational practice in math or science.'' The reason, he said, "is because the system is deeply and fundamentally flawed."

The new analysis, released this week by the National Science Foundation in Arlington, Va., is based on data collected from about 50 nations as part of the Third International Mathematics

and Science Study.

Not only do approaches to teaching science and math vary among individual U.S. communities, the report finds, but there appears to be little strategic focus within a school district’s curricula, its textbooks, or its teachers' activities. This contrasts sharply with the coordinated national programs of most other countries.

On average, U.S. students study more topics within science and math than their international counterparts do. This creates an educational environment that "is a mile wide and an inch deep," Schmidt notes.

For instance, eighth graders in the United States cover about 33 topics in math versus just 19 in Japan. Among science courses, the international gap is even wider. U.S. curricula for this age level resemble those of a small group of countries including Australia, Thailand, Iceland, and Bulgaria. Schmidt asks whether the United States wants to be classed with these nations, whose educational systems "share our pattern of splintered (支离破碎的) visions" but which are not economic leaders.

The new report "couldn't come at a better time," says Gerald Wheeler, executive director of the National Science Teachers Association in Arlington. "The new National Science Education Standards provide that focused vision," including the call "to do less, but in greater depth."

Implementing the new science standards and their math counterparts will be the challenge, he and Schmidt agree, because the decentralized responsibility for education in the United States requires that any reforms be tailored and instituted one community at a time.

In fact, Schmidt argues, reforms such as these proposed national standards "face an almost impossible task, because even though they are intellectually coherent, each becomes only one more voice in the babble ( 嘈杂声)."

56. According to the passage, the teaching of science and math in America is

A) focused on tapping students' potential

B) characterized by its diversity

C) losing its vitality gradually

D) going downhill in recent years

57. The fundamental flaw of American school education is that ________.

A) it lacks a coordinated national program

B) it sets a very low academic standard for students

C) it relies heavily on the initiative of individual teachers

D) it attaches too much importance to intensive study of school subjects

58. By saying that the U.S. educational environment is "a mile wide and an inch deep" (Line 2, Para. 5), the author means U.S. educational practice ________.

A) lays stress on quality at the expense of quantity

B) offers an environment for comprehensive education

C) encourages learning both in depth and in scope

D) scratches the surface of a wide range of topics

59. The new National Science Education Standards are good news in that they will

A) provide depth to school science education

B) solve most of the problems in school teaching

C) be able to meet the demands of the community

D) quickly dominate U.S. educational practice

60. Putting the new science and math standards into practice will prove difficult because

________.

A) there is always controversy in educational circles

B) not enough educators have realized the necessity for doing so

C) school districts are responsible for making their own decisions

D) many schoolteachers challenge the acceptability of these standards.

Passage Three

Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

In its 4.5 billion years, Earth has evolved from its hot, violent birth to the celebrated watery blue planet that stands out in pictures from space. But in a new book, two noted University of Washington astrobiologists say the planet already has begun the log process of devolving into a burned-out cinder, eventually to be swallowed by the sun.

By their reckoning, Earth’s “day in the sun” has reached 4:30 a.m., corresponding to its 4.5 billion-year age. By 5 a.m., the 1 billion-year reign of animals and plants will come to an end. At 8 a.m. the oceans will vaporize. At noon-after 12 billion year-the ever-expanding sun, transformed into a red gain, will engulf the planet, melting away any evidence it ever existed and sending molecules and atoms that once were Earth floating off into space.

“The disappearance of our plane is still 7.5 billion years away, bur people really should con sider the fate of our world and have a realistic understanding of where we are going.” said UW astrophysicist Donald Brownlee. “We live in a fabulous place at a fabulous time. It’s a healthy thing for people to realize what a treasure this is in space and time , and fully appreciate and protect their environment as much as possible.”

The prospects of humans surviving by moving to some other habitable planet or moon aren’t good, Brownlee and Ward contend, because even if such a place were found, getting there would be a huge obstacle. Various probes sent into space could survive Earth’s demise, and just a few grams of material could arguably carry a DNA sample from every human, they say, but it’s not likely the human species itself will survive. Long before t he planet’s final end, life will become quite challenging, and finally impossible, for humans.

As the sun gets hotter and grows in size, it will envelop Mercury and Venus. It is possible it will stop just short of Earth, the authors say, but the conditions still would make this a most inhospitable planet. More likely, though, the sun will consume earth as well, severing all the chemical bonds between molecules and sending its individual atoms out into space, perhaps eventually to form new planes. That would leave Mars as the nearest planet to the sun, and on Mars the fading sun’s glow would be like that of Earth’s moon.

That end is still some 7.5 billion years distant, but by then Earth will have faced a variety of

“ends” along the way, the authors say. The dinosaur perished long age. Still to come are the last elephant, the last tree, the last flower, the last glacier, the last snowflake, the last ocean, the last life.

“It’s a healthy thing to think of the place of Earth among the other planets, and its plac e in the sun. The sun gave life and ultimately it will bring death.”

61. According to the new book, the life expectancy of the Earth is ______.

A) 1 billion years B) 4.5 billion years

C) 7.5 billion years D) 12 billion years

62. It can be inferred from this passage that_______.

A) life is nothing B) the world is precious

C) man can never conquer nature D) the future of human species is gloomy

63. The authors of the new book believe that the human species will_______.

A) disappear long before the disappearance of the Earth

B) survive in the universe even if the Earth disappears

C) find a place to live after the disappearance of the Earth

D) be sent into space by various spacecrafts

64. All of the following things would come to an end before the final end of the earth,

except_______.

A) Mars B) animals C) plants D) oceans

65.The authors of the new book intend to tell readers primarily that_______.

A)the Earth is nothing but one planet in the solar system

B) nothing can survive for ever

C) we should cherish our life and environment of Earth

D) the sun gave life and ultimately it will bring death.

Passage Four

Questions 66 to 70 are based on the following passage.

There are people in Italy who can’t stand soccer. Not all Can adians love hockey. A similar situation exists in America, where there are those individuals you may be one of them who yawn or even frown when somebody mentions baseball. Baseball to them means boring hours watching grown men in funny tight outfits standing around in a field staring away while very little of anything happens. They tell you it’s a game better suited to the 19th century slow, quiet and gentlemanly. There are the same people you may be one of them who love football because there’s the sport t hat glorifies “the hit”.

By contrast, baseball seems abstract, cool, silent, still. On TV the game is fractured into a dozen perspectives, replays, close-ups. The geometry of the game, however, is essential to understanding it. You will contemplate the game from one point as a painter does his subject; you may, of course, project yourself into the game. It is in this projection that the game affords so much space and time for involvement. The TV won’t do it for you. Take, for example, the third baseman. You sit behind the third base dugout and you watch him watching home plate. His legs are apart, knees bent. His arms hang loose. He does a lot of this. The skeptic can not think any other sports so still, so passive. But watch what happens every time the pitcher throws; the third baseman goes up on his toes, bends his arms or bring the glove to a point in front of him, take a

step right or left, backward or forward, perhaps he glances across the field to check his first baseman’s position. Suppose the pitch is a ball. “Nothing happened,” you say. “I could have had my eyes closed.

The skeptic and the innocent must play the game. And this involvement in the stands is no more intellectual than listening to music is. Watch the third baseman. Smooth in the dirt in front of you with one foot; smooth the pocket in the glove; watch the eyes of the batter, the speed of the bat, the sound of horsehide on wood. If football is a symphony of movement, baseball is chamber music, a spacious combination of notes, choruses and responses.

66. The passage is mainly concerned with ____________.

A) The different tastes of people for sports B) The different characteristics of sports

C) The attraction of football D) The attraction of baseball

67. Those who don’t like baseball may complain that___________.

A) it is only to the taste of the old.

B) it involves fewer players than football

C) it is not exciting enough

D) it is showy and looks funny

68. The author admits that __________________.

A) baseball is too peaceful for the young

B) baseball may seem boring when watched on TV

C) football is more attractive than baseball

D) baseball is more interesting than football.

69. By stating, “I could have had my eyes closed.” the author means ___________.

A) the third baseman would rather sleep than play the game

B) even if the third baseman closed his eyes a moment ago, it could make no difference to the

result

C) the third baseman is so good at baseball that he could finish the game with eyes closed all

the time and does his work well

D) the consequence was too bad that he could not bear to see it

70. We could safely conclude that the author ______________.

A) likes football C) hates baseball

B) hates football D) likes baseball

PART IV TRANSLATION (30 points)

Section A (20 points, 4 points each)

Directions: Put the following parts into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the appropriate space on your answer sheets.

71. The player is as much a tool of the game as the joystick. Her momentary fun is unsatisfying because it leads not to any genuine sense of achievement but only to the hypnotic experience of watch ing someone else’s creation unfold.

72. As novel as eco-efficiency may have seemed at the Earth Summit in 1992, its roots go back to early industrialization. Henry Ford saved his company money by recycling, and reusing materials, reduced the use of natural resources, minimized packaging, and set new standards with his timesaving assembly line back in 1926.

73. The data was analysed by gender and demonstrates some significant gender inequalities in access to, and use of, information and communication technologies (ICTs) both in the work and domestic context. These media are proposed as main delivery and support media for adult students. Gender inequality is therefore of serious concern.

74. As amusing and ingenious as electronic entertainment can be, children——and the society they live in——are the losers when they rely on these forms of fun. Unlike traditional games and toys, “wired” entertainment encourages kids to be unimaginative, socially immature, and crudely desensitized to the world around them.

75. Human beings are now altering the basic physiology of the planet. Industrial smog can be found everywhere over the oceans, and weather patterns are so distorted that climatologists now discuss “climate death”. Industrial contamination is pervasive, even in the fat cells of Antarctic penguins. The rain is not only acid but toxic. Whether industrialism warms or cools the atmosphere, its chemical experiment threatens to change life in ways barely imaginable, but undoubtedly for the worse.

Section B(10 points, 2 points each)

Directions: Put the following sentences into English. Use the word or expression given in the bracket after each sentence. Write your English version in the appropriate space on your answer sheets.

76. 提供电子化社会交往的设施对女性具有吸引力。(appeal to)

77. 除了给公司带来利润之外，这个项目还有助于保护环境。(along with)

78. 当其他生物从地球上消失时，我们人类会变成什么样呢？(become of)

79. 经常玩电子游戏的孩子容易失去创造力。(be apt to)

80. 可持续发展的理论对于发展中国家也同样适用。(hold true)

Part V Writing (15%)

Directions: Read the following article and do the following:

A: list out key words;（5 points）

B: write a summary in no more than 200 words.（10 points）

Where Do Those Bright Ideas Come From?

There are f ew experiences quite so satisfactory as getting a good idea. You’ve had a problem, you’ve thought about it till you were tired, forgotten it and perhaps slept on it, and then flash! When you weren’t thinking about it，suddenly the answer has come to you, as a gift from the gods. You’re pleased with it, and feel good. It may not be right, but at least you can try it out.

Of course all ideas don’t come like that, but the interesting thing is that so many do, particularly the most important ones. They burst into the mind, glowing with the heat of creation. How they do it is a mystery. But they must have come from somewhere. For the moment lets us assume that they come from the “unconscious.” This is reasonable, for the psychologists use this term to describe mental processes which are unknown to the subject, and creative thought depends on what was unknown becoming known.

We have all experienced this sudden arrival of a happy idea, but it is easiest to examine it in the great creative figures, many of whom experienced it in an intensified form and have written it down in their memoirs and letters. One can draw examples from genius in any field, from religion, philosophy, and literature to art and music, even in mathematics, science, and technical invention, though these are often thought to depend only on logic and experiment. It seems that all truly creative activity depends in some degree on these signals from the unconscious, and the more highly perceptive the person, the sharper and more dramatic the signals become.

Let’s see the example of Richard Wagner composing the prelude to “Rhinegold.” Wagner said that he had been occupied with the general idea of the “Ring” for several years, and for many weary months had been struggling to make a start with the actual composition. On September 4, 1863, he reached Spezia, sick, went to a hotel, could not sleep for noise without and fever within, took a long walk the next day, and in the afternoon flung himself on a couch intending to sleep. And then at last the miracle happened for which his unconscious mind had been crying out for so many months. Falling into a sleeplike condition, he suddenly felt as though he were sinking in a mighty flood of water, and the rush and roar soon took musical shape within his brain. He r ecognized that the orchestral prelude to the “Rhinegold”, which for a long time he must have carried about within him, yet had never been able to put it into form, had at last taken its shape within him.

In this example, the conscious mind at the moment of creation knew nothing of the actual processes by which the solution was found. As a contrast we may take a famous story: the discovery by Henri Poincare, the great French mathematician, of a new mathematical method called the Fuchsian functions (富克斯函数). For here we see the conscious mind, in a person of highest ability, actually watching the unconscious at work. For two weeks Poincare had been attempting to prove that there could not be any function similar to what he had since called the Fuchsian functions. Every day he sat down at his table and spent an hour or two trying a great number of combinations, and he arrived at no result. One night he took some black coffee, contrary to his usual habit, and was unable to sleep. A lot of ideas kept surging in his head; he could almost feel them pushing against one another, until two of them united, so to speak, to form a stable combination. When morning came, he had established the existence of one class of Fuchsian functions he had only to prove the results, which took only a few hours.

While the Wagner story shows the sudden explosion of a new conception into consciousness, in this one we see the conscious mind observing the new combinations being formed in the unconscious. A third type of creative experience is exemplified by the dreams which came to Descartes at the age of twenty-three and determined the path he was to follow for the rest of his life. Descartes tells how he had unsuccessfully searched for certainty, first in the world of books, and then in the world of men, and how in a dream on November 10, 1619, he made the significant discovery that he could only find certainty in his own thoughts, cogito ergo sum (I think, therefore I exist). This dream filled him with intense religious enthusiasm. Freud classified this dream as one of those whose content is very close to conscious thought.

Wagner’s, Poincare’s, and Descartes’ experiences are representative of countless others in

sometimes in conflict with the demands of reason, as Freud emphasized. But in creative thought the unconscious is responsible, not for conflict, but for the production of new organized forms from relatively disorganized elements.

2010.7.3. 研英（2）Key

A.1-20 CBDAB ADCBD DABBC ADBCA

21-40 BACAA BBCDC CDABD CCDDA

41-60 ABCCC DAABB DACAD BADAC

61-70 DBAAC DCBBD

B. 1-20 CDBAD ABCDB BADDC ABDCA

21-40 CCDDA ABCCC DAABB BACAA

41-60 BBCDC CDABD BADCA DCBDA

61-70 ACDBB BCDBA

71. 玩家就像操纵杆一样，充其量就是个工具。他那瞬间的乐趣并不能令他满足，因为那样

不能给他真正的成就感，只是糊里糊涂地看着别人的创造在一点点展现而已。

72. 生态效能这个概念在1992年的地球峰会上也许显得很新颖，但它的起源可以追溯到早

期的工业化时期。亨利·福特早在1926年时就通过循环使用和再利用原材料、减少使用自然资源、包装最小化、对省时的流水线设定新标准等方法为他的公司节省金钱。

73. 这份以性别为基础来分析的数据表明了在工作和家庭环境中，在能够接触和使用信息通

讯技术方面的性别不平等。信息通讯技术被建议作为成人学生获取学习信息的主要传播和支撑媒介，因此该方面的性别不平等应得到认真的关注。

74. 电子游戏既好玩又设计精巧，当孩子们依赖于这些娱乐形式时，他们以及他们赖以生存

的社会都成了失败者。与传统的游戏和玩具不同的是，电子娱乐促使孩子们不去发挥想象力，社交不成熟，对周围世界冷若冰霜。

75. 人类正改变着我们这颗行星的基本生理系统。工业烟雾四处弥漫，远及大洋；天气样本

无章可寻以至于气候学家现在也探讨“气候的极度恶化”问题。工业污染无孔不入，甚至残留于南极洲企鹅的脂肪细胞中。雨不仅呈酸性，而且有毒。不论工业主义使大气变暖还是变凉，其化学实验将如何导致生物变异还难以想象，但情形将每况愈下是无疑的。

76. The facilities for doing social communication electronically appeal to women.

77. Along with profits for the company, this project can also help protect the environment.

78. What will become of our human beings when other creatures disappear from the earth?

79. Kids who often play electronic games are apt to lose creativity.

80. The theory of sustainable development also holds true for the developing countries.

A: key words: bright ideas, unconsciousness（这两个词为最基本关键词）（5分）

B: write a summary in no more than 150 words. （10 分）

It is interesting that many great ideas burst into the mind unconsciously. This can be examined in the great creative figures, such as Wagner whose orchestral prelude to “Rhinegold”was put into form when he was falling into a sleeplike condition, Poincare whose new idea came out when his conscious mind was in the unconscious state, and Descartes whose new ideas came out in a dream, but the content was very close to conscious thought.

These great figures’ experiences are representative of countless others in every field of

conflict with the demands of reason, as Freud emphasized. But in creative thought the unconscious is responsible, not for conflict, but for the production of new organized forms from relatively disorganized elements.

研究生英语期末考试作文,

long-distance education long-distance education, It is called network education in the file that released by department of education has introduced some , or called contemporary and long-range education network education. It refers to the use of TV and the Internet and other media teaching mode, the remote education is a very popular teaching model, because it broke through the time and space boundaries, accommodation in the school is different from the traditional teaching mode. Using this kind of teaching model of students, do not need to a specific location, anywhere. Students can also through television and radio, Internet, coaching line, a variety of different methods, such as mutual learning. Online learning has superior side, there are also some disadvantages. Learners can not adapt to the network teaching mode. Network education lack of interactivity and authenticity. On the BBS of the remote education, many netizens agree that network education's biggest drawback is the lack of interactivity and authenticity. In network education, between students and students, between students and the teacher only through BBS, E-mail or other network communication tools to communicate, people had built up a relationship is a kind of virtual environment of interpersonal relationships, interpersonal communication gradually from direct to indirect, from the diversification to the simplification, lost the traditional relationship between university students directly group consciousness gradually indifference. Education of students by this way, the collective idea and the spirit of solidarity and collaboration as generally traditional college students, is not conducive to the development of individuals and society.

(完整word版)大学英语一期末考试题以及答案

精心整理 大学英语（一） 行政班级分级班级姓名学号 C. A measuring system. D. A control system. 2. A. Car prices. B. Car services.

C. The company’s business. D. The company’s culture. 3. A. It’s easy to do. B. It’s challenging. dialogue, there are some recorded questions. Both the conversations and questions will be spoken two times. Conversation 1

6. A. Breakfast. B. Dinner. C. A 5 dollar gift card. D. Bus service to the airport. 10. A. Make an appointment with her. B. Talk with her about a new order.

C. Send her an email about the shipment. D. Call her back when receiving the shipment. Directions: This part is to test your ability to construct grammatically correct sentences. It consists of 2 sections.

在职研究生考试英语(翻译、作文)

Part VI Translation (10 points) Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your answer on the Answ et Sheet. Being unhappy is like an infectious disease. It causes people to shrink away from the suff erer. He soon finds himself alone and miserable. There is, however, a cure so simple as t o seem, at first glance, ridiculous: if you don't feel happy, pretend to be! It works. Befor e long you will find that instead of pushing people away, you attract them. You discover h ow deeply rewarding it is to be the center of wider and wider circles of good will. Then the make-believe becomes a reality. Being happy, once it is realized as a duty and established as a habit, opens doors into unimaginable gardens filled with grateful friends. Part VII Writing (15 points) Directions: Write a composition of at least 150 words about the topic: The possibility of us ing the mobile phone to study English (or any other subject). You should write according t o the outline given below: 1.我认为手机（不）可以用来学习英语或其他知识。 2.理由是…… 3.结论

大学英语期末试题B卷

学号 姓名 系部 专业 班级 考试科目 考试时间 年 月 日 密 封 线 山东师范大学历山学院2013-2014学年第二学期 期末考试试题（B 卷） 试题卷 （时间120分钟，满分100分） 课程编号： 课程名称： 大学英语 适用年级： 2013级 适用专业： 非英语 学制： 三 注意：1、本试题试题卷共六页。 2、本试题所有答案应写在答案卷上，否则不予计成绩。 题号 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ Ⅵ 总分 阅卷人 复核人 得分 Ⅰ ⅠListening Comprehension (15%) Section A Directions: In this section you will hear 10 short dialogues. At the end of each dialogue, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the dialogues and questions will be spoken twice. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the 4 choices marked A,B,C and D,and decide which is the best answer. Then write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. 1. Where did this conversation probably happen? A In a drug store. B In a shop. C In a supermarket. D In a restaurant. 2. When will the train leave? A 14:20 B 14:00 C 14:40 D 14:30 3. How many people are there in the man ’s family? A 5. B 4. C 3. D 6. 4. How is that school? A It's even worse than people say. B It's better than it used to be. C It's better than people say. D It's not as good as it was. 5. What is implied in the conversation? A The children were enjoying themselves. B The children didn't come to the party. C The children were giving a lot of fun in the party. D The children were not behaving themselves in the party. 6. What will the weather be like? A It will get better B Rainy C Sunny. D It is colder. 7. What does the woman mean? A She does not agree with the man. B She does not know what to do. C She agrees with the man. D She has a good idea.

江苏省委党校在职研究生入学考试英语复习资料

江苏省委党校社会学专业在职研究生入学考试英语复习参考资料 一、完形填空（20分） 二、语句翻译（20分） 1、As far as ability is concerned,I am sure he will qualify for the job. 7、Some of the old fantasies about the space age have come true. 14、In general,prices may be brought down by increasing supply or decreasing demand. 17、Jack didn’t know anything about any of the books on the bookshelf,so his choice was quite arbitrary. 18、We are trying to figure out a solution to these urgent problems. 23、The increase in information and knowledge about management will be more important to top manager. 27、Many American students apply for government loans to pay for their education. 32、We came to the meeting full of expectations,yet we left very disappointed. 34、The spokesman made in clear that the president would not cancel the trip under any circumstances. 40、The government has undertaken a series of new environmental initiatives,as a result, many parks and green belts have sprung up all of the country. 43、It is not unusual for this scientist to go to bed at two or three in the morning. 45、We didn’t like his attitude that he deserved special treatment. 48、These artists devoted all their lives to art,and made great contributions to the artistic field. 52、There are a lot of papers to sign,but the only urgent one is this contract. 53、The government is taking these measure in hopes of bringing down the soaring price of houses. 三、阅读理解（30分） 四、段落翻译（30分） 3、在1991年，巴西在全世界环保主义者的压力下改变了做法，它取消了鼓励砍伐亚马逊雨林的税收优惠，批准了一个新雨林保护项目的资金计划。 牛场主、矿工、移民抗议这一行动并继续破坏雨林，尽管速度比以前要慢。去年当矿工为了夺取一群印第安人的土地而将他们杀死使得矛盾扩大了。政府承诺将保护该地区的原住民，问题是这一承诺真实的程度究竟多大。

研究生英语期末考试试卷

ad if 命 封 线 密

A. some modern women prefer a life of individual freedom. B. the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day Europe. C. some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonely. D. Most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable. 5.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A. To review the impact of women becoming high earners. B. To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualism. C. To examine the trend of young people living alone. D. To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships. Passage Two American dramas and sitcoms would have been candidates for prime time several years ago. But those programs －though some remain popular －increasingly occupy fringe times slots on foreign networks. Instead, a growing number of shows produced by local broadcasters are on the air at the best times. The shift counters longstanding assumptions that TV shows produced in the United States would continue to overshadow locally produced shows from Singapore to Sicily. The changes are coming at a time when the influence of the United States on international affairs has annoyed friends and foes alike, and some people are expressing relief that at least on television American culture is no longer quite the force it once was. “There has always been a concern that the image of the world would be shaped too much by American culture,” said Dr. Jo Groebek, director general of the European Institu te for the Media, a non-profit group. Given the choice, he adds, foreign viewers often prefer homegrown shows that better reflect local tastes, cultures and historical events. Unlike in the United States, commercial broadcasting in most regions of the world －including Asia, Europe, and a lesser extent Latin America, which has a long history of commercial TV －is a relatively recent development. A majority of broadcasters in many countries were either state-owned or state-subsidized for much of the last century. Governments began to relax their control in the 1980’s by privatizing national broadcasters and granting licenses to dozens of new commercial networks. The rise of cable and satellite pay-television increased the spectrum of channels. Relatively inexperienced and often financed on a shoestring, these new commercial stations needed hours of programming fast. The cheapest and easiest way to fill airtime was to buy shows from American studios, and the bidding wars for popular shows were fierce. The big American studios took advantage of that demand by raising prices and forcing foreign broadcasters to buy less popular programs if they wanted access to the best-selling shows and movies. “The studio priced themselves out of prime time,” said Harry Evans Sloan, chairman of SBS Broadcasting, a Pan-European broadcaster. Mr. Sloan estimates that over the last decade, the price of American programs has increased fivefold even as the international ratings for these shows have declined. American broadcasters are still the biggest buyers of American-made television shows, accounting for 90% of the $25 billion in 2001 sales. But international sales which totaled $2.5 billion last year often make the difference between a profit and a loss on show. As the pace of foreign sales slows －the market is now growing at 5% a year, down from the double-digit growth of the 1990’s －studio executives are rethinking production costs. 6. Which of the following best characterizes the image embodied in American shows? A. Self-contradictory B. Prejudice-free C. Culture-loaded D. Audience-targeted 7. The intervention of governments in the 1980’s resulted in __________ . A. the patenting of domination shows and movies B. the emergence of new commercial networks C. the promotion of cable and satellite pay-television D. the intense competition coming from the outside 8. The phrase “on a shoestring” (Para. 6) most probably means __________. A. in need of capital B. after a fashion C. on second thoughts D. in the interests of themselves 9. The main reason why American dramas and sitcoms are driven out of prime time is that ____. A. they lose competitiveness B. they are not market-oriented C. they are too much priced D. they fall short of audience expectations 10. American studio producers will give thought to production costs __________. A. if they have no access to popular shows B. because their endeavors come to no avail C. since bidding wars are no longer fierce D. as international sales pace slows down Passage Three How shops can exploit people's herd mentality to increase sales 1. A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended. Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (th at is，how ants，bees or any social animal，including humans，behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy. 2. At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome，Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani，a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology，described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted: for instance，by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store，forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes，also of the Florida Institute of Technology, set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that, if a certain product is seen to be popular, shoppers are likely to choose it too. The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying. 3. Enter smart-cart technology. In Mr Usmani's supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag, a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information，and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer. As a customer walks past a shelf of goods, a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high, he is more likely to select it too.

研究生英语期末考试 选择(缩印版)

一.同义词 16.Children may ridicule other children new to a neighborhood. A. make fun of 17.It is useless to attempt to flee from every danger, some risks must be taken. C. run away 18.Many pure metals have little use because they are too soft, rust too easily, or have some other drawbacks. B. disadvantages 19.Magazines are the fifth most important advertising medium, and magazine advertising requires a substantial investment from advertisers. D. considerable 20.Efforts to ameliorate housing conditions for the poor were halted because government funds were cut off. C. improve 21.Because of the close collaboration of architect and builder, the building was completed ahead of schedule. B. joint work 22.After World War , the Vietnamese believed that the French would allow them to be an autonomous people. A. self-governing 23.Physical well-being presupposes that one should vary his diet and often have some wholesome food. C. healthful 24.The layout of the book, with the text on the left and the notes on the right, makes it a pleasure to use. B. arrangement 25.A child leaving home before he is ready is analogous to bird trying to leave the nest before it can fly. D. similar 单选 26.He had always been oblivious to the way Ruth looked, and had never once paid her a compliment. 27.I like the professor's lecture because he amplified his lecture with some vivid slide shows. 28.On the seminar the historians still cannot agree on the date on which the particular war commenced . 29.Despite the news that her son had been dead years ago, she still clung to the hope that he would return some day. 30.During the night a person's temperature may drop one or two degrees, and it can be difficult to arouse him in the morning if his body hasn't become hot yet. 31.The farmers were more anxious for rain than the people in the city because they had more at stake. 32.Man often wonders how the earth evolved from a hot, violent birth to the celebrated watery planet that stands out in pictures from space. 33.When business is depressed , there is usually an obvious increase in unemployment. 34.Social structure organization is simply the way that people, groups, and institutions are organized with respect. to one another. 35.One of the reasons for his popularity in our village is that he asks after almost everyone every time when he comes back from the big city. 二.同义词 16.The winner was deprived of his gold medal because he was found to have taken stimulants before the race. C. was deprived of 17.The army launched a major assault against the rebel army and many citizens joined the army. A. attack 18.Because Charles had forgotten his key, he was locked out. B. unable to in 19.His behavior had been perturbing me more than had cared to admit. D. troubling 20.Lighting levels are carefully controlled to fall within an acceptable level for optimal reading convenience. A. ideal 21It is said that you can intimidate your enemies by speaking in a low voice and carrying a big stick. C. frighten 22 .If you know in advance that the examination is going to be easy, you have no incentive to study very much. D. motive 23.The soldier discovers martial stirrings in his breast as he puts on his uniform. B. excitement 24.Many pure metals have little use because they are too soft, rust too easily, or have some other drawbacks. C. disadvantages 25.You'll succeed in the final examination if you stick to your belief that you are not a failure. A. adhere to 单选 26Care should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is subjected to loud continuous noise. 27.The teacher set up those obstacles for no other purpose than to challenge the students to overcome them. 28.The police who was lack of experiences was completely, taken in by the thief's disguise. 29.My aunt wound a brightly-colored thread round her finger so as not to forget her appointment. 30.They could not go to the theater together because his free time never coincides with hers. 31.A (n) personnel manager has a variety of role relations with people occupying related statuses. 32.This is a difficult job that needs to be tackled whole-heartedly-not ply at. 33.The curtain had risen hardly when shot startled the audience. 34.He would go to endless trouble to help anyone he thought worthy of encouragement. 35.Some professors prefer to control discussion while others prefer to guide the class without dominating it. 三.同义词 16. If you know in advance that the examination is going to be easy, you have no incentive to study very much. B. motive 17.The mother soothed the disappointed child and then promised to take him on a picnic as soon as it stopped raining. D. comforted 18.It is not easy to remain tranquil when events suddenly change your life. C. calm 19.Sales are an accurate gauge of a book's popularity rather than a representation of it's real value. A. criterion 20.Because Charles had forgotten his key, he was locked out. D. unable to in 21.The army launched a major assault against the rebel army and many citizens joined the army. B. attack 22.The winner was deprived of his gold medal because he was found to have taken stimulants before the race. A. was deprived of 23.At the international conference on the nuclear weapons several dissenting statements were made. D. opposing 24.The dominant theme is of tranquility and peacefulness. C. major 25.A conservative person opposes change and too many new ideas. A. unprogressive 单选 26.It is very likely that the Martian will also be adapted to underground existence, for conditions are much more equable underground. 27.The medicine scientists discovered that the prime reason for her lung cancer is excessive smoking. 28.The interviewer interpreted the applicant's late arrival as a sign of disorganization, undependability or lack of interest in the job. 29.After about an early age of 13, perceptions have already been formed and ambitions cast. 30.South Africa's black majority got its first real say in governing early last December. 31.Technology has facilitated the sharing of information and the storage and 32.delivery of information, thus making more information available to more people. 32.Jack is the very person who can be entrusted with either money or secret information. 33.He stopped the car so abruptly that he was hit by the car behind him. 34.The black people launched civil movement, struggling for abolition of slavery. 35.After a long journey, the tourists who experienced danger and hardship reached their destination at length.