【复习策略】高三英语二轮复习策略
高三英语二轮复习策略
眼下部分学校高三已经进入复习。二高三复习备考阶段，复习的目的主要是通过训练提高英语的语言运用能力以及做题的适应能力，是提高学生高考应试能力的真正过程。最后的模拟仿真主要是达到适应高考试题的目标。
二轮复习基本可以分为以下几个阶段：
1、夯实基础，梳理知识
2月份和3月份是高考英语二轮复习第一阶段。这一阶段中务必按部就班，有条不紊，循序渐进地进行基础知识和基本技能训练。知识是能力的基础，要肯花大气力夯实词汇、短语、句型、语法、交际、篇章结构等方面，按照话题和篇章，将高中课本知识进行回顾、梳理，形成系统的知识网络。
首先翻阅每个单元的单词表，把大纲内的单词熟记于心，包括单词的发音、拼写、词义以及用法，为前面的基础题作准备。要根据不同词性的考试特点，进行针对性强的复习，如名词关注可数与不可数、固定搭配以及近义词之间的辨析;形容词、副词关注比较等级的构成及使用范畴;而动词，正如我们常说的，是英语的灵魂，因此尤其要注意动词的用法，及物还是不及物，以及动词短语等，特别是那些我们非常熟悉的常见动词，如 call，come，do，go，get，give，leave，make，put，take等，因为这些词含义多，用法广，使用频率高，所以对于这些词再仔细也不为过。然后，把每个单元出现的短语和词组放到课文中的句子里一起记忆，特别是学习课文中的好句型，为作文
做准备。在做完这些之后，把与课本同步的基础练习做一下，进行巩固。在这期间可以穿插适量的完型和阅读的训练。
2、模拟训练，整体提高
4月份至5月中旬是高考英语二轮复习第二阶段。这一阶段的主要任务是把上一阶段积累的语言知识付诸实践，提高运用语言的整体能力。此时距离考试还有一个多月的时间，应该限时做一些成套的练习题(务必限时)，以培养考试的感觉，并找出自己的弱点去突破。尤其是阅读和完型较弱的同学，应增加练习量，争取每天一套阅读一篇完型。但也要注意策略，不应盲目。例如阅读中可以使用的跳读，略读，抓主题句，抓关键段落等的方法就可以使用在平时的训练中。
此外还应加强写作练习。对于写作训练，在上一阶段我们已经利用教材的优势，对遣词造句的能力加强了训练，所以在这一阶段提高一下连句成篇的能力。高考作文的类型大概可以分为以下几个类型：看图作文，议论文(列举观点型，分析利弊型，解决问题型等)，应用文(书信，申请，通知等)等。每一种类型都有相类似的篇章结构，比如分析利弊类的议论文通常会给一个话题，然后给出写作要点，要求用流畅的语言组织文章并写出自己的看法。
作文要给人以思路清晰，过渡自然，语言流畅的印象，既把要点都罗列了出来又没有逐字翻译的感觉，而且其间不乏高级词汇和句型，非常符合高考的要求。除了作文，我们还应利用上个阶段积累的夯实的语言基础主攻一下短文改错，熟悉一下此题型的出题规律。
3、查漏补缺，有的放矢
5月中旬至6月初，也就是高考英语二轮复习自由复习阶段。这一阶段还应保证足够的练习，但不再适宜题海战术，题目应精炼。主要精力应放在以前做过的错题上，因为这些错题正是我们的薄弱环节。同时把大纲词汇再系统地读、背至少两遍，以应对单词拼写和辨音题。
那么，现在距离2020高考不到100天，英语该如何复习呢：首先，注重听力能力的训练与提高。
考生在听力方面相对来说还显得比较薄弱，另外，作为高考试题的第一大题，听力的成败，对考生的心理冲击十分强大。高考听力部分测试考生理解口头英语的能力，除了语音、语法和词汇之外，还要依靠“语言意识”的发展，“语言经验”的积累，以及二者的结合。所以在训练的过程中既要注意梯度和量的逐步提高和加大，同时应选取贴近学生生活、时代性强、以及反映语言文化背景的听力材料进行训练，以便逐步提高对语篇、语境中的一切内容与形式的感受与洞察、分析和判断能力，培养听读时的“警觉”习惯，从而在高考中能旗开得胜。
其次，注重语篇分析能力和语言的综合运用能力。
在复习中应着重加大语篇分析的教学和训练，教材不是备考的唯一依据，要精选一些短文阅读试题进行渐进式的强化练习，注重做题时间的控制和阅读速度的定量提高；同时，选取如“21世纪中学生英文报(高中版)”等报刊的英语短文、时文和新闻段落等进行适应性和强化式练习。从练入手强化知识的运用，从分析入手注重能力的提高，
从结果入手寻找适应的差距。要尽可能使自己始终处于积极的思维状态，充分调动大脑中的语言知识，在训练中不断地加以分析、辨异、综合、深化，使整个复习过程处于不断变化、提高、求新、向高考目标接近的运动状态之中。
第三，加强训练，增强指导，让学生构建完美的知识体系。
在二轮复习阶段主要进行专项训练，同时掺入适量的模拟训练。在一轮复习结束后，应认真地分析一轮复习效益检测试卷的整体和分项情况以及学生当前的学习状态，以决定专项训练的力度。同时应突出完形填空、阅读理解和书面表达能力的提高，不断穿插听力训练和重难点语言知识的巩固，并特别注意以下几个方面：
1. 进行解题指导。
例如，完形填空题是集知识与能力为一体的题型，重点考查学生在阅读理解的基础上对语言知识的综合运用能力，要求高，难度大，学生在解题时往往感到束手无策。在指导时应要求学生遵循文章整体连贯性原则、语法结构分析性原则和固定搭配习惯性原则，用直答法、排除法、推理法和对比法等进行解题，争取能够让学生做到：
1）通读全文，把握大意。重视文章首尾句、主题句、主题段。
2）整体理解，掌握文意。根据文章主旨、前后提示，进行整体文意把握。抓住关键词和贯穿全文的线索，摸清文章的内在逻辑关系，包括作者的态度、意图等。3）全面分析，冷静答题。紧扣中心，克服急躁心理，从多角度分析，对选项逐一判断。
4）再读全文，检查修改。
2. 精选练习材料。
到二轮复习时，师生会感觉到离高考时间很近了，宝贵时间不容浪费。要在短短的时间内有效地提高学生的水平与能力，练习材料的精心挑选是非常关键的。例如，在选择阅读理解材料时，应根据近几年的高考阅读理解试题特点，钻研《大纲》和《考试说明》，争取使所选材料都能发挥出相应的作用，具有以下特点：
1）内容真实。材料来源于实际生活，反映实际生活内容。
2）体裁多样，题材广泛。材料包括叙述文体、说明文体和议论文体，题材涉及故事、科普常识、文史地理、新闻报导、材料摘录等。
3）有较大的阅读量与信息量。
4）语篇结构较为复杂。在时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑顺序上运用较高级的组篇手段。
3. 进行限时训练。
例如，按照《考试说明》，5篇阅读理解材料的解题时间约为35分钟，有的学生为了一二篇难度较大的阅读材料大伤脑筋，艰难地徘徊于字里行间，在焦头烂额之际突然发现还剩下10分钟，接下来的短文改错和书面表达的完成质量就可想而知了。为了适应高考要求和高考节奏，解决不少学生解题速度偏慢的问题，我们要争取在每一次专项训练时都对学生进行时间限制，要求学生力争在规定的时间内全面地把握、快速地思考，高效地完成练习。
4. 注重词汇复习，加强作文训练。
在这一阶段，教师还需不断鼓励学生注重词汇的积累和优秀语篇的朗
读，注重词汇的积累和运用，同时为各种作文的训练提供坚实的基础。
在具体的教学中，指导教师应注意以下几个方面的问题。
1．重视课本的学习
SEFC教材题材多样，内容丰富，是培养阅读能力的很好教材，尤其是原高三下册的文章，原汁原味，难度和题材都很适合高三阅读训练。以前有很多老师为了留出更多的时间来复习，放弃这些语言材料，甚为可惜。课文教学要采用整体教学法，按照高考的阅读能力要求，重点训练学生总结归纳、判断推理等深层次理解能力以及获取信息和猜测词义的能力，还应让学生掌握一定的快速阅读技巧。在高三复习阶段，阅读训练一天也不能放松，并要按照高考题型和能力要求设计练习，要求学生限时阅读，培养学生解题技巧。
2．精讲精练，反对题海战术
现在的高考越来越淡化单纯的语法知识考查，而是突出强调考查运用英语的能力。既然高考是以考核听、读、写能力为主，那么这些能力的培养只能靠不断地练习，在实践中使学生诸方面的能力逐步提高。语言实践的途径有许多，如听、说、读、写、背等。课堂时间毕竟有限，教师应该处理好讲和练的关系。如果教师在课堂上的讲解时间过多，就必然挤占学生用于语言实践的时间。教师应给学生足够的时间去消化和巩固所学内容，进行朗读、背诵、模拟练习、交际运用等多种形式的语言实践活动。
在高三最后复习阶段，时间很有限。我们反对题海战术，反对无选择
地做大量重复的机械练习题；提倡精讲精练，精选那些设计严密、具有科学性、系统性、针对性的练习题，限时完成，保证质量。学生通过练习及时发现问题和解决问题，提高分辨能力，增强知识的理解和记忆，提高语言运用能力，掌握解题技巧。教师在讲评练习时。不要只求答案，要进行多角度设问，使学生既要知其然，更要知其所以然，要通过典型试题分析，培养学生单一反三、触类旁通的能力。
3．以实践原则指导高考复习，促进能力转化
在高考复习阶段，有的学生英语基础不错，上课也认真听讲，可实际运用英语的能力就是不强；有的老师对学生考试成绩不佳的抱怨：“这道题目多次讲解过，为什么学生还做不好呢?”其实原因很简单，学生缺乏语言实践。语言的特点就是实践性和交际性，知识的掌握和语言能力的形成只有靠大量的语言实践。多实践练习，则熟能生巧，能力就会自然提高。
4．对学生进行学法指导。
例如指导学生建立阅读理解细节归纳题的纯粹理性。
从我们学习第一个英语字母开始，一直以来，就企盼得到一个东西，那就是传说中的“语感”。这是英语老师应对同学们各种挑战而屡试不爽的法宝。假如语言的美真的来自于感觉，那么对语言的考察是不是就显得有点神秘抑或荒诞？很多同学抱怨，为什么这篇文章我看得懂，却做不对？为什么我觉得这道题每个答案都说的通？其实很简单，因为很多同学在选答案的时候都不问为什么，而只是“让心灵去旅行”。高考阅读理解部分在考察过程中，对考生更加注重阅读技
巧的运用，而不仅仅是阅读内容的掌握。所以，对于一些阅读能力很强的考生，即使文章读得一知半解，正确率也能保证在80%以上。阅读理解的题材和体裁一直以来都保持多样化的态势，语言材料新、来源广、语言地道、真实，具新颖性、教育性、可靠性和可读性。阅读材料多数来源于最新的国外书报时文，所以要求考生对每篇文章都有亲切感几乎是不可能的；但是，题型设计上，细节、归纳 (主旨)题、推理题和词义题的格局却几乎没有被撼动过，尤其是细节归纳题的核心地位，所以今天我们一起分享一下这两种题型的解答。
细节题在每年的高考阅读部分总是能占到半壁以上的江山。细节题的重要性由此可见一斑，然而细节题实则为阅读理解部分最简单的题型。如果考生能在原文中找到对应答题点，想选错几乎是不可能的事情。
归纳题，有时也被称之为主旨题，主要着眼于对考生事实和观点，现象和本质的区分能力。对于什么是观点、本质，什么是事实、现象，很多考生总觉得有“花非花，雾非雾”的朦胧迷乱感。其实，只要盯住一篇文章的四个角落：首段首句，首段尾句，尾端首句，尾段尾句，就基本上不会出现方向上的偏离。
在教学中，要求学生做到以下几点：
1．建立作文档案
书面表达是提高二卷得分的关键。要想在高考有限的时间里写出一篇精彩的文章，没有平时大量的语言积累是不行的。准备一本作文档案可以把平时的习作、优美的范文、写作常用的词汇、句型和
过渡语，阅读当中遇到的优美表达集中起来，加以整合和归类并把它们当作日常学习中朗读、背诵、抄写、复习、仿写、欣赏的素材，从而逐步提高自己的书面表达水平。
2．建立错题档案
把自己平时训练或考试当中的错误集中起来，并加以整理和归纳，经常复习和反思，就会逐步突破自己的难点和薄弱点，减少考试中的重复丢分。
3. 注重高考试题尤其是近三年高考试题汇编
高考试题具有高度的准确性、科学性和规范性，是命题人员智慧的结晶，是其他任何资料都不可替代的。通过熟悉、分析、感悟高考试题可以明确高考命题的特点、规律和趋势，总结答题的规律和技巧，培养良好的考感，尽快把自己培养成一名出色的“考试型”选手。
在第二轮复习过程中，不能简单地、重温性地复习各个知识点，而是要做一定数量的综合训练题，熟悉掌握各种题型的解题方法及技巧，提高自己分析问题、解决问题的能力，最终达到提高解题速度与准确性的目的。为达到此目的，应注意：①训练的重点应是中档难度的题目;②要特别重视实用性、灵活性比较强以及能力型的题目;③要规范解题，像对待考试一样对待平常的练习题，也就是说要计时做题，练做题的速度及准确率;④做题的数量要适度适量，贵在做后的纠错、反思和总结，要弄明白自己的答案错在哪里，不断总结做题的经验教训，学会分析试题所考的语言点及能力，把握命题人的命题意图。这
一点至关重要。这一阶段的重要任务是按照高考题型结构，有计划地对听力、单选、完形填空、阅读、短文改错、写作以及其他一些题型进行专门训练，实现由语言知识到语言应用能力的转化，全面提高英语语言素质，掌握解题方法及技巧，最终提高做题的准确率和熟练程度。
总之，教师要领悟《大纲》精神,反复研究《考试说明》基础上,真正做到:点连成线,线组成面,面结成网,帮助学生构架起较为完整的知识系统。并不时地进行综合练习，权衡专项训练的得失，及时加以调整，以便顺利地进入最后的全面模拟训练阶段，在高考中取得令人满意的成绩。
PS
Some tips to help the student through!
1. Give yourself enough time to study. Don't leave it until the last minute. Despite what people say, cramming all the information into your brain the night before isn't the best way to approach an exam. Set out a timetable for your study. Write down how many exams you have and the days on which you have to sit them. Then organise your study accordingly. You may want to give some exams more study time than others, so find a balance that you feel comfortable with.
2. Organise your study space. Make sure you have enough space
to spread your textbooks and notes out. Have you got enough light? Is your chair comfortable? Try and get rid of all distractions (Facebook anyone?) and then arrange your books into piles. Put your english books in one pile, your physics books in another so when its time to study for that exam, you've got everything you need in front of you. It also eliminates any possible excuses!
3. Design a flow chart. This is a bit like brainstorming, but instead of coming up with new ideas, you're writing down everything you already know about a topic. Put it in an easy to follow diagram with key points that you can easily replicate in an exam. That way, when the exam starts, you can spend five minutes preparing for your answer and then expand on your ideas.
4. Practice on old exams. It's always good to find out what kind of questions are going to be in the exam and the best way is to look through old exams. That will give you an idea of the layout of an exam, the number of short answers and long answers there will be and the amount of time you should be giving each section.
5. Explain your answers to others. Parents and little brothers
and sisters don't have to be annoying around exam time. Use them to your advantage. Explain an answer to a question to them. That will help you to get it clear in your head. If you find it difficult to explain, perhaps you need to do a bit more study. But at least you won't turn up to the exam and realise you don't know the answer to a question!
6. Organise study groups with your friends. You may have questions that they have the answers to and vice versa. Your social life doesn't have to be non-existent during study times. Grab a pizza and your books and get studying with your mates.
7. Take a break. Don't force yourself to sit studying for 24 hours a day. If you're training for a marathon you don't try and run 24 hours a day. Develop a study routine that works for you. If you study better in the morning, then start early before taking a break at lunchtime. Do something mindless in the afternoon and then start studying again in the evening if you know you're more productive at night. Don't feel guilty that you're out enjoying the sunshine instead of hunched over your textbooks. Vitamin D is important for the brain!
8. Snack on brain food. Keep away from junk food and opt for
a bowl of nuts instead. They're much better for the waistline
and for the brain. You need to fuel your body while you study so make sure you eat nutritious food that has been proven to help your brain focus such as fish, nuts, yoghurt and blueberries.
9. Pack your pencil case. Make sure your pens work and your pencils are sharpened. Nothing is worse for your nerves than having your pen run out of ink at the start of an exam. If you're sitting a maths or science exam, make sure you have all the necessary equipment you'll need as well like rulers, compasses and calculators.
10. Stock up with sweets and water. Keeping your sugar levels up is just as important during an exam as it is during a rugby match. You need to stay alert and hydrate your body. If you start to feel yourself fade halfway through your exam, just pop a sweet into your mouth and you'll be away again.
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